Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) : Computer Networks

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Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

Computer Networks

FDDI Oultine

FDDI
100 Mbps Dual Ring Multiple-Token Self-Healing Ring

Target Token Rotation Time (TTRT) 4B/5B Encoder

Computer Networks

FDDI

FDDI

FDDI uses a ring topology of multimode or single mode optical fiber transmission links operating at 100 Mbps to span up to 200 kms and permits up to 500 stations. Employs dual counter-rotating rings.

In FDDI, token is absorbed by station and released as soon as it completes the frame transmission {multi-token operation}.
16 and 48-bit addresses are allowed.
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FDDI: Dual Token Ring


A

E B

C
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FDDI

Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks

FDDI Repair

Self-healing Dual-Ring
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FDDI Ring Operation


Multi-token implies more than one frame on the ring at the same time.

Computer Networks

FDDI

FDDI

To accommodate a mixture of stream and bursty traffic, FDDI is designed to handle two types of traffic:
Synchronous frames that typically have tighter delay requirements (e.g., voice and video). Asynchronous frames have greater delay tolerances (e.g., data traffic).

** First occasion when design considered QoS.

FDDI uses TTRT (Target Token Rotation Time) to ensure that token rotation time is less than some value.
Computer Networks FDDI 7

FDDI Data Encoding

Cannot use Differential Manchester because 100 Mbps FDDI would require 200 Mbaud! Instead each ring interface has its own local clock.
Outgoing data is transmitted using this clock. Incoming data is received using a clock that is frequency and phase locked to the transitions in the incoming bit stream.
Computer Networks FDDI 8

FDDI Data Encoding

Data is encoded using a 4B/5B encoder.


For each four bits of data transmitted, a corresponding five-bit codeword is generated by the encoder. There is a maximum of two consecutive zero bits in each symbol.

The symbols are then shifted out through a NRZI encoder which produces a signal transition whenever a 1 bit is being transmitted and no transition when a 0 bit is transmitted. Local clock is 125MHz. This yields 100 Mbps (80% due to 4B/5B).
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FDDI

Computer Networks

FDDI

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SD ED

FDDI

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4B/5B Codes

DCC 9th Ed. Stallings Computer Networks FDDI 12

FDDI Frame Structure


Token Frame Format Data Frame Format 8 PRE PRE SD FC ED

1
SD

FC

2 or 6 4 2 or 6 Destination Source Information FCS Address Address

1 ED

1 FS

Preamble Frame Control CLFFZZZZ C = Synch/Asynch L = Address length (16 or 48 bits) FF = LLC/MAC control/reserved frame type
Leon-Garcia & Widjaja: Communication Networks

Computer Networks

FDDI

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More FDDI Details

FDDI Transmission on optical fiber requires ASK (e.g., coding is done via the absence or presence of a carrier signal {Intensity Modulation}.) Specific 5-bit codeword patterns chosen to guarantee no more than three zeroes in a row to provide for adequate synchronization. 1300 nm wavelength specified. Dual rings (primary and secondary) transmit in opposite directions. Normally, second ring is idle and used for redundancy for automatic repair (self-healing).
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IEEE 802.5 versus FDDI


802.5 Token Ring Shielded twisted pair 4, 16 Mbps No reliability specified Differential Manchester Centralized clock Priority and Reservation bits Three distinct token operations are possible.

FDDI Optical Fiber 100 Mbps Reliability specified (dual ring) 4B/5B encoding Distributed clocking Timed Token Rotation Time (TTRT) Multi-token operation

Computer Networks

FDDI

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FDDI Summary

FDDI
100 Mbps Dual Ring Multiple-Token Self-Healing Ring

Target Token Rotation Time


Two classes of traffic

4B/5B Encoder

Computer Networks

FDDI

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