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Percentage Yield

The document discusses percentage yield and limiting reagents in chemical reactions. It provides examples of calculating percentage yield when the actual product amount is less than the theoretical amount. It also demonstrates how to determine the limiting reagent between two reactants and use the limiting reagent amount to calculate the theoretical product yield.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
358 views3 pages

Percentage Yield

The document discusses percentage yield and limiting reagents in chemical reactions. It provides examples of calculating percentage yield when the actual product amount is less than the theoretical amount. It also demonstrates how to determine the limiting reagent between two reactants and use the limiting reagent amount to calculate the theoretical product yield.

Uploaded by

Cassandra Pinto
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERCENTAGE YIELD

Percent Yield =

Once again it's time for an example problem: Problem: What is the percent yield of the following reaction if 60 grams ofCaCO3 is heated to give 15 grams of CaO? CaCO3CaO + CO2 Solution: Ideally, how many grams of CaO should be produced? First verify the equation is balanced; it is. Now convert to moles, based on the amount ofCaCO3 present.

= 0.6 mole CaO

How many grams is this?

= 33.6 grams CaO

So, ideally, 33.6 grams of CaO should have been produced in this reaction. This is the theoretical yield. However, the problem tells us that only 15 grams were produced. 15 grams is the actual yield. It is now a simple matter to find percent yield.

= 0.446 = 44.6%

Problem : If the percent yield of the following equation is 55%, how many moles of H2SO4 are produced when 44.8 L of SO3 are combined with excess water? SO3(g) + H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) The equation is balanced, so convert to moles.

= 2 moles SO3(g)

Now calculate the theoretical yield. How many moles of H2SO4(aq) should we get? = 2 moles H2SO4(aq)

Now solve algebraically for the actual yield.

55% = 0.55 = Actual Yield/(2 moles H2SO4(aq)) 2 moles H2SO4(aq)0.55 = 1.1 moles H2SO4(aq)

LIMITING REACTANT

Problem: Salt (sodium chloride) is prepared by the reaction of sodium metal with chlorine gas. 2Na(s) + Cl2(g)2NaCl(s)

You have 71.68 L of Cl2(g) and 6.7 moles of Na(s). What is the limiting reagent? How many moles of salt are produced? Solution: Did you check to make sure the equation was balanced? It already is, but give yourself a congratulatory punch in the shoulder if you remembered (don't hurt yourself). Our next step, as always is to convert to moles.

= 3.2 moles Cl2(g)

So now we know there is 3.2 moles of Cl2(g) and 6.7 moles of Na(s). Let's assume Na(s) is the limiting reagent and then prove our assumption right or wrong. How many moles of Na(s) are required to react completely with 3.2 moles of Cl2(g) ? Use the mole ratio. = 6.4 moles Na(s)

Do you have 6.4 moles of Na(s)? Yes, you do. You have 6.7 moles of Na(s). This is more than enough to react with all the Cl2(g) . Our assumption was wrong, Na(s) is not the limiting reagent since there is more than enough of the solid. Since this reaction features only two reactants, we already know that Cl2(g) is the limiting reagent. Let's prove it.

= 3.35 moles Cl2(g)

3.35 moles of Cl2(g) are needed to react completely with all the Na(s). You have only 3.2 moles. Cl2(g) is obviously the limiting reagent. Now let's figure out how many moles of salt (NaCL) are produced. We want to use the mole ratio from Cl2(g) since it has determined how many moles of each reactant will react.

= 6.4 moles NaCl(s)

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