www.sakshieducation.

com
www.sakshieducation.com
MENSURATION-II

Definitions and formulae:
Any closed two dimensional figure formed by four straight lines is called a
quadrilateral.
The sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is equal to 360.
A
p h1 q

D d h2 B
s r
C
In the above quadrilateral Perimeter (P) = p + q + r + s
Area (A) =
2 1
2
1
2
1
h d h d +
= ) (
2
1
2 1
h h d +

SQUARE: Square is a quadrilateral in which all the four sides are equal and the
angle between any two adjacent sides is 90.
A a B Perimeter (P) = 4a
a a Area A =
2
2
1
2
1
a a a a a = +

2 2 2
a a d + =
D a C d = 2 a

2 2
2
1
d a A = =
Also A P 16
2
= A =
16
2
P

Cost of fencing a square plot/field is equal to the product of perimeter and unit
cost of fencing i.e. Total Cost = Perimeter Unit Cost per metre
Similarly the cost of levelling a square plot/field is equal to the product of its area
and unit cost.
Cost of levelling = Area Unit Cost per square metre

Area of Path: If a path of uniform width w runs around all the four sides of a
square of side a then the area of the path (
p
A ) is given by
(a + 2w)

a
2 2
) 2 ( a w a A
p
+ =
(a + 2w) = 2w (2a + 2w)
= 4w (a + w)


RECTANGLE: A quadrilateral having two pairs of equal opposite sides and a right
angle between any two adjacent sides is called a rectangle.
The longer dimension is called the length (l ) and the shorter dimension is
called the breadth (b).

d
a

a a

a

d
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com

A l l B

b b


D C
The line joining any two opposite sides is called the diagonal (d).
Perimeter (P) = 2 ( l + b)
Area (A) = l b = l b

2 2 2
d b l = +
d =
2 2
b l +
Also lb b l b l 2 ) (
2 2 2
+ + = +
A d
P
2
2
2
2
+ =

A =
8
) 4 (
4 2
1
2 2
2
2
d P
d
P
=

Area of Path:
If a path of uniform width (w) runs around a rectangular plot of length ( l ) and
breadth (b) then the Area of Path ) (
p
A is given by
(l +2w)
lb w b w l A
p
+ + = ) 2 ( ) 2 (
(b + 2w) = 2w ( l + b + 2w)


If the path runs inside the plot then its area (
p
A ) = 2w ( l + b 2w)
If two perpendicular paths of uniform width (w) run inside a rectangle, one
parallel to length and the other parallel to the breadth, then its Area is given by
l
w w w b w l A
p
+ =
w = w ( l + b w)
b

w
If the length of a rectangle changes by l% and breadth by b% then the percentage
change in Area (A) is given by
A =
100
b l
b l + +
Use (+) for increase and (-) for reduction.

PROBLEMS

1. If the length of a rectangle is increased in the ratio 6 : 7 and its breadth is
diminished in the ratio 5 : 4 then its area will be diminished in the ratio
1) 17 : 16 2) 15 : 14 3) 9 : 8 4) 8 : 7 5) None of these
ANSWER: 2
l
b
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
The lengths of the rectangle be 6 x and 7 x and the breadths be 5y and 4y
respectively.
Then its original area = xy y x 30 5 6 =
Its new area = xy y x 28 4 7 =
Ratio of areas = xy xy 28 : 30 = 15 : 14

2. If each of the length and breadth of a rectangle is increased by 50%, by what
percent does its area increase?
1) 125 2) 100 3)
9
5
55 4) 50 5) None of these
ANSWER: 1
l and b be the length and breadth of the rectangle, then its area = lb b l =
If length and breadth are increased by 50% then their values are
10
15
100
50 100 l
l =

+

= 1.5l and b
b
b 5 . 1
10
15
100
50 100
= =

+
respectively. Then its new area = 1.5 1.5b
=
2.25lb
Increase in area = 100
25 . 1
100
25 . 2
=

lb
lb
lb
lb lb
= 125%

3. The perimeter of a rectangle and a square are 160 m each. The area of the
rectangle is less than that of the square by 100 sq m. The length of the rectangle is
1) 30 m 2) 60 m 3) 40 m 4) 50 m 5) None of these
ANSWER: 4
Perimeter of square = 160
Its side =
4
160
=40
Area of square =
2
40 = 1600
Area of rectangle = 1600 100 = 1500
Perimeter = P = 2( l + b) = 160
( l + b) = 80
400 1500 4 6400 4 ) ( ) (
2 2
= = + = lb b l b l
20 400 = = b l

2
20 80
2
) ( ) ( +
=
+
=
b l b l
l = 50

4. The area of a square is 225 sq cm which is equal to the area of a rectangle. The
length of the rectangle is 16 cm more than the breadth of the rectangle. What is the
respective ratio between the side of the square and the breadth of the rectangle is
1) 3 : 5 2) 5 : 3 3) 5 : 4 4) 4 : 5 5) None of
these
ANSWER: 2
Area of square = 225
Its side = a = 225 = 15
If x be the breadth of the rectangle then its length will be 16 + x
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
Area = x x ) 16 ( + = 225
0 225 16
2
= + x x
0 225 9 25
2
= + x x x
0 ) 25 ( 9 ) 25 ( = + + x x x
x = 9
Required ratio = 15 : 9 = 5 : 3

5. The breadth of a rectangular is three-fourths of its length. If the area of the floor
is 768 sq m then the difference between the length and breadth of the hall is:
1) 8 meters 2) 12 meters 3) 24 meters 4) 32 meters 5) None of
these
ANSWER: 1
The length of the rectangle be 4 x then its breadth x x 4 ) 4 (
4
3
=
Then its area =
2
12 3 4 x x x = = 768
64
12
768
2
= = x
x = 8
Difference between length and breadth == 8

6. The perimeter of a rectangle is 60 cm and its breadth is 12 cm. What is the area
of the rectangle?
1) 261 cm
2
2) 263 cm
2
3) 213 cm
2
4) 216 cm
2
5) None of
these

ANSWER: 4
If l and b be the length and breadth of the rectangle, then 2( l + b) = 60
Then 2( l + b) = 60
l + b = 30 Also b = 12
l = 30 12 = 18
Area (A) = 216 12 18 = = b l

7. The respective ratio of the length and breadth of a rectangular plot is 3 : 2. If the
length of the plot is 40 meters more than its breadth, what is the perimeter of the
rectangular plot?
1) 200 meter 2) 400 meter 3) 500 meter 4) Cannot be determined 5) None
of these

ANSWER: 2
Length and breadth of the rectangle be 3 x and 4 x
Given that 3 x 2 x = 40 x = 40
l = 3 40 = 120 b = 2 40 = 80
Perimeter (P) = 2( l + b) = 2 (120 + 80) = 400 m

8. The area of a square is three times the area of a rectangle. The length of the
rectangle is 5 cm more than (5)
2
which is three times its breadth. What is the
perimeter of the square?
1) 240 cm 2) 60 cm 3) 120 cm 4) Cannot be determined 5) None of
these
www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
ANSWER: 3
30 5 5
2
= + = l b =
3
30
= 10
Area of rectangle = 30 10 = 300
Area of square = 3 300 = 900
Its side = 900 =30
Perimeter of the square = 4 30 = 120

9. The area of a square is four-third the area of a rectangle. If the area of the square
is 1024 sq cm and the length of the rectangle is 64 cm, what is the difference
between the breadth of the rectangle and the side of the square?
1) 18 cm 2) 24 cm 3) 15 cm 4) 20 cm 5) None of
these
ANSWER: 4
Area of square = 1024
Its side = a = 1024 = 32
Area o rectangle = 256 3 1024
4
3
= = 768
Length of rectangle = 64
Its breadth =
64
768
= 12
Required difference = 32 12 = 20

10. The area of a triangle is half the area of a square. The perimeter of the square is
224 cm. What is the area of the triangle?
1) 1856 cm
2
2) 1658 cm
2
3) 1558 cm
2
4) 1586 cm
2
5) None of
these
ANSWER: 5
Perimeter of square = 224
Its side =
4
224
= 56
Square area = 56
2

Area of triangle =
2
1568
2
3136
56 56
2
1
cm = =

11. The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio of 2 : 4 : 7 : 5. The smallest angle of
the quadrilateral is equal to the smallest angle of a triangle. One of the angles of the
triangle is twice the smallest angle of the triangle. What is the second largest angle of
the triangle?
1) 80 2) 60 3) 120 4) Cannot be determined 5) None of
these
ANSWER: 2
Smallest angle of quadrilateral = 2
5 7 4 2
360

+ + +
= 40
smallest angle of triangle = 40
One of the remaining angles = 240 = 80
Remaining angle = 180 (40 + 80) = 60
Second largest angle of triangle = 60

www.sakshieducation.com
www.sakshieducation.com
12. If each side of a square is increased by 10%, its area will be increased by
1) 10% 2) 21% 3) 44% 4) 100% 5) None of these

ANSWER: 2
The original side of the square be 10.
Then its area = 10
2
= 100
Side after increase = 11 10
100
110
10
100
) 10 100 (
= =
+

New area = 11
2
= 121
Increase in area = 21%