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Distillation Column 1

This document provides an overview of the design of a distillation column. It begins with definitions of distillation and descriptions of tray and packed column internals. It then discusses considerations for selecting between tray and packed columns. The document describes the specific design of a tray column, including calculations for minimum reflux ratio, number of stages, diameter, hydraulic design of trays, and pressure drop. It concludes with a specification sheet for the designed distillation column. The key details provided are the design of a sieve plate tray column based on calculations for number of plates, diameter, hydraulic specifications for individual trays, and overall height of the column.

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Omar Ezzat
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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68 views58 pages

Distillation Column 1

This document provides an overview of the design of a distillation column. It begins with definitions of distillation and descriptions of tray and packed column internals. It then discusses considerations for selecting between tray and packed columns. The document describes the specific design of a tray column, including calculations for minimum reflux ratio, number of stages, diameter, hydraulic design of trays, and pressure drop. It concludes with a specification sheet for the designed distillation column. The key details provided are the design of a sieve plate tray column based on calculations for number of plates, diameter, hydraulic specifications for individual trays, and overall height of the column.

Uploaded by

Omar Ezzat
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design Of Distillation Column

By MUHAMMAD TARIQ 2005-Chem-89

Synopsis
What is distillatio ! "ele#tio $%& 'late a d 'a#(ed #ol)m "ele#tio o* t+ay ty,e Desi- Cal#)latio s 'late Hyd+a)li# Desi ",e#i*i#atio "heet
2

What is Distillation?
/'+o#ess i &hi#h a li0)id mi1t)+e o* t&o o+ mo+e s)$sta #es is se,a+ated i to its #om,o e t *+a#tio s o* desi+ed ,)+ity o the $asis o* di**e+e #e i +elati2e 2olatility 3 $y the a,,li#atio a d +emo2al o* heat4
.

Column Internals
Com,a+iso $%& T+ay 6 'a#(ed Col)m s

Choice b/w Tray & Pac e! Column


The #hoi#e $et&ee these t&o *o+ a -i2e mass t+a s*e+ o,e+atio is $ased o a detail #ost a alysis7 Ho&e2e+3 The de#isio #a $e made o the $asis o* a 0)alitati2e a alysis o* +elati2e ad2a ta-es a d disad2a ta-es7
5

Tray & Pac e! Column Cont!"


9o -*oami - systems7 :i0)id +ates &itho)t *loodi -7 'e+iodi# #lea i - is easy i t+ay #ol)m s I te+ sta-e #ooli Desi- i *o+matio Hei-ht o* the Col)m
8

Selection Of Tray Column


I ha2e sele#ted the t+ay #ol)m *o+ this ,a+ti#)la+ system as< As o)+ system is o *oami -7 Hei-ht o* the #ol)m is la+-e7 Tem,e+at)+e is hi-h3 i7e7 1;27.oC Diamete+ is -+eate+ tha 078;m
;

O#er#iew of Tray Column

Plate Contactors
C+oss-*lo& #o ta#to+s a+e the most #ommo ty,e o* ,late #o ta#to+s7 I a #+oss-*lo& ,late the li0)id *lo&s a#+oss the ,late a d the 2a,o)+ ), th+o)-h the ,late7 The li0)id mo2e *+om ,late to ,late 2ia do& #ome+7 A #e+tai le2el o* li0)id is mai tai ed o the ,lates $y &ei+7
9

Cross $low Plate Contactors

10

Plate Contactors Cont!"


Th+ee ,+i #i,al ty,es o* #+oss *lo& t+ays a+e )sed #lassi*ied a##o+di - to the method )sed to #o ta#t the 2a,o)+ a d li0)id7 Sie#e Plates %Perforate! Plate& 'ubble Cap Plates (al#e plates %floating cap plates&
11

Plate Contactors Cont!"

"ie2e 'late

B)$$le Ca, ,late

=al2e 'late

12

Selection Of Sie#e Plate


I>2e sele#ted the Sie#e Plates $e#a)se< Pressure !rop is lo&est7 Thei+ fun!amentals a+e &ell esta$lished7 Sie#e plates a+e the #hea,est7 They a+e lighter in weight" )aintenance cost is +ed)#ed d)e to the ease o* #lea i -

1.

O#er#iew of Sie#e Tray

15

$actors affecting Distillation Column Operation


Ad2e+se (apor $low #o ditio s #a #a)se< Wee,i Co i ?1#essi2e ? te+tai me t @loodi 15

Column Pressure *n! Type Of Con!enser

18

Distillation Column in P$D

1;

Simulation on +,S,S

18

T-137o C P-110 4Pa

.7852A108 BC%h+

$ee! $- .//0 % g/hr& T-121oC P-1304P a

.7885A108 BC%h+

Top Pro!uct D-6/0 %4g /hr& T-117oC P-1014 Pa

'ottom Pro!uct .500 %4g /hr& T-..0oC P-1204Pa


19

)aterial 'alance

Hea2y Bey Com,o e tD Malei# A hyd+ide EMA9F


20

Design Calculations Of Distillation Column

21

Data 8e9uire! $or Design

22

Designing Steps of Distillation Column


Cal#)latio o* Mi im)m Re*l)1 Ratio ER mi F7 A#t)al Re*l)1 Ratio ERF7 Mi im)m )m$e+ o* sta-esE9 mi F7 Theo+eti#al )m$e+ o* sta-es7 A#t)al )m$e+ o* sta-es7 Diamete+ o* the #ol)m 7 Wee,i - 3 e t+ai me t3 et# Total '+ess)+e d+o,7 Hei-ht o* the #ol)m

2.

)inimum 8eflu; 8atio


Usi - U de+&ood e0)atio <

As *eed is e te+i - as "at)+ated :i0)id3 9 - 1 - .6": 9o&3 8min - 6"77


25

*ctual 8eflu; 8atio


The+e is o ha+d a d *ast +)les *o+ the sele#tio o* o,tim)m +e*l)1 +atio3 $)t *o+ ma y systems the o,tim)m &ill lie $et&ee 172 to 175 times the mi im)m +e*l)1 +atio< R D 1725ER 8 -2
25

mi

)inimum =umber of Stages


The mi im)m 9o7 o* "ta-es 9mi #a $e *i d *+om $ens e <9uation &hi#h is3

D 20

28

Theoretical =umber of Stages


Usi - Gillila d-?d)lHee +elatio <

= - 3/ Co side+i - o e sta-e a#hie2ed i Re$oile+ 6 Co de se+ = - 3:


2;

>ocation of $ee! Plate


Usi - Bi+($+ide +elatio <

6 He #e3 9D D 19

9B D 19
28

O#erall Tray <fficiency


A 0)i#( estimate o* the o2e+all #ol)m e**i#ie #y #a $e o$tai ed *+om the #o++elatio -i2e $y O? Connell &hi#h is sho& $elo&3

< o - 70"/.@

29

*ctual =umber of Stages


As o2e+all #ol)m e**i#ie #y is ;0792I "o3 9 a#tD .8%07;09 9 9o&3 A#t)al 9D D 2; A#t)al 9B D 2;
.0

a#tD

55

Determination of $loo!ing (elocity


@lo& 'a+amete+ $ased o Re#ti*yi "e#tio <

@:= D 070.2 Ass)me 3'late ",a#i - D 075m @+om G+a,h &e -et B1 D 070; 9o& @loodi - 2elo#ity<
.1

.2

*ctual Operating (elocity


Co++e#tio *a#to+ *o+ s)+*a#e te sio 3 J D 5875. dy e%#m "o3 ) *D .718 m%se# Ass)me 3 A#t)al o,e+ati - 2elo#ity is the 85I o* the *loodi - 2elo#ity3 ) D 27;1m%se#
..

Cross Sectional *rea Of The Column

D 0729m2

Ta(i - Do& -#ome+ A+ea as 12I o* total #+oss se#tio al a+ea3 Total Col)m #+oss se#tio al A+ea D 9et A+ea%0788
.5

Diameter Of The Column


Col)m Diamete+ D D 0785m E$ased o 8ectifying sectionF I the simila+ly &ay3 D D 0789m E$ased o Stripping sectionF As3 T&o Diamete+s a+e ea+ly same7 "o3 the Diamete+s &ill $e same *o+ $oth the "e#tio s7

.5

Plate +y!raulic Design

.8

Tray Design
Do& -Come+ A+ea D 0712EA#F AD D 7051m2 A#ti2e A+ea D A# K 2AD Aa D 0728m2 Hole A+ea D 071EAaF D 7028m2 Ta(e &ei+ hei-ht D 50mm
.;

Weir >ength
As &e ha2e3

@+om G+a,h &e -et

"o3 :& D 075m


.8

Weir >i9ui! Crest


Usi - +elatio 3

ho& D 2.789 mm @o+ mi im)m C+est )se ;0I o* ma1im)m *lo&

ho&Emi He #e3

D 18788 mm
.9

50

Weeping Chec
Usi - +elatio <

@+om G+a,h U
mi

B2 D .0758 D 875. m%se#

A#t)al mi im)m =a,o+ 2elo#ity th+o)-h holes<

a#tEmi F

D 1;785 m%se#

51

Weeping Phenomena

52

Support *rea
:&%D# D 07;8 @+om -+a,h< L D 99o + D 07..m A+# le -th D +AEM-LF D 758 m As D 2AA+#7 A 705 D 0705 m2
5.

55

Calming Aone *rea


@+om @i-7

a D 725 m AN D 5a A 0705 D 07055m2


55

Perforate! *rea

A,D Col)m A+ea K 2EDo& -#ome+ a+eaF K "),,o+t a+ea K Calmi No e A+ea D 0718 m2

58

=umber Of +oles
"i -le hole A+ea D 1798A 10-5 m2 9o7 o* holes D Total hole a+ea % si -le hole a+ea D 1..0 holes +ole PitchB

@+om the -+a,h3 "o3 :, D 1175 mm


5;

Craph To $in! The +ole Pitch

58

Pressure Drop Calculation


The ,+ess)+e d+o, o2e+ the ,lates is a im,o+ta t desi- #o side+atio 3 the total ,late ,+ess)+e d+o, is -i2e $elo&3 Total head loss ,e+ ,late D hd O h+ O h& O ho& h d D D+y ,late d+o, h+ D Resid)al head

59

Dry Plate Pressure Drop


We ( o& that3

We ha2eP a d 'late thi#( ess % hole diamete+ D 1 @+om -+a,h &e -etP Co D 0791 He #e3 h d D .0 mm-li0)id

50

51

8esi!ual +ea!
This is the head loss d)e to $)$$le *o+matio a d othe+ losses7 This is -i2e $y

h+ D 11751 mm-li07
52

Total Pressure Drop


Total head loss ,e+ ,late D h O ho&
d

O h+ O h&

ht D 1097;8 mm-li07 '+ess)+e d+o, ,e+ ,late D Q't - /.5 Pa Total '+ess)+e d+o, i the #ol)m < Q' D 9o7 o* ,lates A Q't

5.

Down Comer 'ac up


Ass)mi - that do& #ome+ is 8 mm $elo& the &ei+ le2el< The hei-ht o* a,e+t)+e th)s *o+med is < ha,D h&- 8 D55mm A+ea ) de+ a,+o < A a, Dh
a,A

&
55

D 0702m2

Down Comer 'ac up

d#

D27;mm

D 50O18788O109O27; D 1807.5mm
55

8esi!ence Time
:i0)id +eside #e time i do& #ome+ is -i2e as

t + D 57. se#
58

+eight of the Column


Hei-ht o* the distillatio #ol)m #a $e *i d $y the -i2e $elo& *o+m)la3

Whe+e QH is the additio al hei-ht +e0)i+ed *o+ the #ol)m o,e+atio 7 H # D .0 m

5;

Specification Sheet

58

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