Wheat Weeds

nf{k.
k ,f'k;k esa xsgw

ds eq[; [kjirokj %
igpku ,oa fu;a=.k
ekxZnf'kZdk
}kjk laikfnr ,oa ladfyr
vkj-ds- efyd] vt; dqekj]

'kkguokt+ jlwy Mkj]
lq/khj dqekj flag] ohjsUnz dqekj]
vkj-,l- Nksdj] ,e-,y- tkV]
jkt dqekj] ch-vkj- dEckst]
jeu 'kekZ] iwf.kZek jfo 'kadj ,oa
,UM;w eSdMksukYM
2013
This publication is copyrighted by the

International Maize and Wheat Improvement
Center (CIMMYT), International Rice Research
Institute (IRRI) & Cereal Systems Initiative
for South Asia (CSISA) and is licensed for
use under a Creative Commons AttirbutionNon Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License
(Unported).
CSISA Knowledge Bank:

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/csisa.htm
Mailing Address
CSISA Project Management Office,
9th Floor, Agarwal Corporate Tower,
23, Rajendra Place,
New Delhi - 110 008, India
fo"k; lwph
Qysfjl ekbuj fjV~Tk dudh
2
ikyhikWxku eksUlisysfUll ,yMsLQ- yqEcM+ ?kkl
6
vosuk ywMksfofl;kuk Mj- taxyh tbZ8
iksvk ,uqvk ,y- iksvk ?kkl
12
,tsjVe dkWuhTok;M~l ,y- xakhyh 14
Qkblkfyl fefuek ,y- jlHkjh 16
dSukfcl lSfVok ,y- Hkkax
18
#esDl jsVksySDll ,y- ,Dl
lqYV & lqYV- ,Q- taxyh ikyd 20
lksykue Lihlht+ edks,
22
vkWDlkfyl dkWfuZdqyVk ,ypkfj;kfeyks
24
vkthZeksu esfDldkuk ,y- lsydkaMs 26
dksukbt+k cksukfj,fUll ,ykad- fxnjokj
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;wefj;k ikfoZyksjk ySe- cu xktj 30
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36
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dksjksuksil fMMhel ,y-,l-,eihr ikiM+k
40
Ekkyok ikjohyksjk ,y- lksapy
42
psukiksfM;e ,yce ,y- ckFkw
44
esyhyksVl bfUMdl ,-,y-,yihyh lSath
48
ljfl;e vkosUZ l ,y- Ldksi daMkbZ 52
;wQksfcZ;k gsfy;ksLdksfi;k ,y- nq/kbZ 54
esMhdkxks MsUVhdqykVk okbYM- tysch56
ySFkkbjl vQkdk ,y- taxyh eVj 58
dkWuokY;qyl vjosfUll ,yfgju[kqjh
60
,sLQksMsyl VsuqbZQksfy;l I;kth 62
Lijxqyk vosfll ,y- taxyh kfu;k64
LVsykfj;k ehfM;k cqpcqpk
66
ifjp;
nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa xsgw ds 'kks/k dk;ks
esa mYys[kuh; lQyrkvksa ds ckotwn
iSnkokj esa rhoz fodkl ugha gks ik jgk
gSA gfjr kafr dh nwljh ih<+h dh
leL;kvksa esa [kjirokjksa dh leL;k
c<+rh tk jgh gSaA mkj&nf{k.k bykdksa
esa tgk xsgw dh iSnkokj vPNh gS ogk
ladjh ikh ds [kjirokj T;knk gSA
mkj&iwohZ Hkkxksa esa tgk iSnkokj de
gS] ogka feystqys [kjirokjksa dh leL;k
T;knk gSaA vr% ;g vko';d gS fd
fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa xsgw ds [kjirokjksa dh
Bhd igpku o fu;=a.k ij iqu% fopkj
fd;k tk,a o fdlkuksa dks vPNs fu;=a.k ds
lq+>ko fn;s tk,aA [kjirokjksa dk fu;=a.k
[kjirokjksa dh uLy dh vk/kkj ij djuk
vfuok;Z gSaA ;g iqfLrdk lkj.k laLFkkvksa
o fdlkuksa dks [kjirokjksa dks igpkuus esa
rFkk muds fu;=a.k esa enn nsxhA
Qysfjl ekbuj fjV~Tk

Phalaris minor ( Retz)
lkekU; uke % fyfVylhM dsusjh?kkl

pfyr uke % dudh] eaMwlh] xsgwa dk
ekek] fpfM+;k] cujh] xqYyh&M.Mk] MqEch
lhVh] lhVh&cwh] kkud vkSj MqfEcxk
O;k[;k % ;g xsgaw dh Qly dk eq[;

,dokhZ; [kjirokj gSA kjfEHkd voLFkk
esa ;g xsgaw ds ikSks tSlk yxrk gSA bl
voLFkk esa tehu ls yxs rus dk fupyk
Hkkx xqykch jax dk gksrk gS vkSj nckus ls
xqykch jax dk rjy inkFkZ fudyrk gSA
idus ds le; ikSks dh yEckbZ 100 ls
130 lseh- rd gksrh gS rFkk ;g xsgaw ls
20 ls 30 lseh- yEck gks tkrk gSA bldk
teko uoEcj ls tuojh rd gksrk gS vkSj
;g ekpZ&vSy esa idrk gSA mxus ds
fy, 10 ls 20C rkieku vko;d gSA
20C ls T;knk rkieku ij de mxrk
gS ysfdu 5 ls 10C rkieku ij bldk
teko lkekU; gksrk gSA R;sd cht ls
2&3 dYys fudyrs gSAa [kqys okrkoj.k
esa vfkd dYys fudyrs gSAa bldh ,d
ckyh esa yxHkx 400 cht ik;s tkrs
gSAa bldk ruk xkaB;qDr lhkk gksrk gSA
blds cht NksVs o pednkj vkSj 6 ls
7 okZ rd tehu esa thfor jg ldrs
gSAa blds cht xsgaw dh Qly ls igys
idrs gSa vkSj vDVwcj&uoEcj rd tehu
esa lqLirkoLFkk esa jg ldrs gSAa bldk

okZu dsoy cht }kjk gksrk gSA blds
}kjk Qly mit 10 ls 70 frkr rd
Hkkfor gksrh gSA frjkskd {kerk ds
fodflr gksus ds ckn blls 100 frkr
rd Qly Hkkfor gks ldrh gSA
fu;a=.k % iatkc o gfj;k.kk tSls {ks=ksa

esa blds ikSkksa dh la[;k dkQh T;knk
gksrh gSA bu {ks=ksa esa ;g [kjirokj
vkblksksV~;wjkWu ds fr vojkskh
gks pqdk gS vr% vU; flQkfj'k'kqnk
[kjirokjukfk;ksa dks vny&cny dj
;ksx djuk pkfg,A T;knk la[;k
okys {ks=ksa esa Qly p Hkh viukuk
pkfg,A iwohZ {ks=ksa esa bldh la[;k
de gksrh gS rFkk ;g pkSM+h ikh okys
[kjirokjksa ds lkFk ik;k tkrk gSA bu
{ks=ksa esa ldjh ikh okys ;k pkSM+h ikh
okys [kjirokjukfk;ksa dk fNM+dko
dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu QkWIl (Fops)
;k fMEl (Dims) [kjirokjukfk;ksa dks
pkSM+h ifk;ksa okys [kjirokjukkh ds
lkFk feJ.k ugha dj ldrsA
[kjirokjukfk;ksa dh lwph
ek=k o ;ksx fof/k i`+"B 68&74
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
DyksfMukQkWi 15 MCY;w-ih- Vksfid

QsuksDlkizksi bFkkbZy 10 bZ-lh- I;wek lqij
fiukWDlkMsu 5 bZ-lh- ,sfDlvy
lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w-th- yhMj] lQy]
Qrsg
iaSMheSFkkyhu 30 bZ-lh- LVkWEi
vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih- ,fjyku]
MSyjku
VsydkWDlhfMe 10 bZ-lh- xzkLi
fefJr [kjirokj ds fu;a=.k gsrq
yy
yy
yy
fetkslY;wjku$vkbMkslY;wjku 3-6 MCY;-w

th- vVykafVl
lYQkslY;wjku$eSVlY;wjku 80 MCY;w-Mhth- VksVy
DyksfMukQkWi$eSVlY;wjkWu 15$1 MCY;w-ihosLVk
ikyhikWxku eksUlisysfUll ,y-

MsLQ-
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.
lkekU; uke % jSfcVQqV xzkl] QkWDl Vsy

pfyr uke % yqEcM+ ?kkl]
O;k[;k % ;g xsgwa dk ,dokhZ; [kjirokj

gS tks [ksr esa esM+ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ;k [ksr
ds ueh okys Hkkxksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA bldk
ruk [kM+k o ksLVsV vDlj lwth gqbZ xkaB
okyh gksrh gSA ifk;ka ljy oSdfYid o
T;knkrj ,d nwljs ds foijhr yxh gksrh
gSaA iqie VfeZuy rFkk cky;qDr gksrs gSaA
blesa ysX;wy esEcjsu (Legule Memberane)
gksrk gS rFkk iks uje gksrs gSaA vkWfjdYl
(Auricles) ugha gksrs gSaA yhQ CysM 0-6 lseh- pkSM+k o 5 ls 20 ls-eh- yEck gksrk gSA
bl ikSks ds Qwy okyk Hkkx dkQh uje o
eqyk;e gksrk gSA iqie 2 ls 10 ls-ehyEcs rFkk ihys lQsniu ds lkFk jskeh
fczLVYl gksrs gSaA bldk lkj NksVs&NksVs
vkdkkh; uhys jax ds chtksa ls gksrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih- ,jsyku
iSaMheSFkkyhu 30 bZ-lh- LVkWEi
DyksfMukQki 15 MCY;w-ih- Vksfid
lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w-th- yhMj] lQy]
Qrsg
vosuk ywMksfofl;kuk MjAvena Iudoviciana Dur.
lkekU; uke % okbYM vksV

pfyr uke % taxyh tbZ
O;k[;k % bldk ikSkk lhkk] ifk;ka

yEch ,oa xsgwa ls pkSM+h o pedhys gjs
jax dh gksrhs gSaA taxyh tbZ esa ysX;wy
cM+k os esEcjsul gksrk gS] ftldk
ijh fgLlk nkarsnkj gksrk gSaA blesa
vkfjdYl ugh gksrsA bldh iqixqPNh
gjh] NksVh cky ftlesa nks ls rhu
LikbdysV (Spikelet) gksrh gSaA bldh
tM+sa jsksnkj gksrh gSaA blds cht Hkwjs
o dkys jax ds gksrs gaS vkSj os dkys
ckyksa ls <ds jgrs gSA ;g xsgwa ds
lkFk fr;ksfxrk esa geskk vkxs fudy
tkrk gS vkSj bldh pkbZ 120 lseh- ls T;knk gksrh gaSA xsgwa ds idus
ls igys blds cht tehu ij fxj
tkrs gSa vkSj lkyksa&lky mxus yk;d
jgrs gSaA bldk teko tehu dh xgjh
ijrksa ls gks ldrk gS rFkk gYdh ckyw
tSlh tehu esa Hkh mx tkrk gSA bldk
teko tehu esa 20&25 ls-eh- ncs jgus
ds ckn Hkh gks ldrk gSA bldk teko
20&25C rkieku esa vPNk gksrk gSA
;g kku&xsgwa ls T;knk eDdk&xsgwa]
cktjk&xsgwa] dikl&xsgwa o nyguh&xsgwa

ds Qlyp esa ik;k tkrk gSA
10
[kjirokj fu;a=.k % ;g [kjirokj

xsgwa dks dYys vkus dh voLFkk ls
igys Qly dks nckus dh dksfkk
djrk gS vr% xsgwW dh ,slh tkfr;ka
yxkuh pkfg, tks tehu dks tYnh
ls tYnh <d ldsA fuEufyf[kr
[kjirokjukfk;ksa dk vlj rc vPNk
vkrk gS tc mudk fNM+dko taxyh tbZ
dh 4 ls 5 ifk;ka vkus ls igys fd;k
tk,aA vkerkSj ij [kjirokjukfk;ksa ds
lkFk fpifPkik inkFkZ feykus ls mudh
fu;a=.k djus dh {kerk c<+ tkrh gSA
vkblksksV~;wjku dk vlj taxyh tbZ
ij de gksrk gSA vPNs fu;a=.k ds fy,
bldks xsgwa dh igyh flapkbZ ls ,d
fnu igys yxk,aA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
MkbDyksQkWi 28 bZ-lh- bZySxtksu

lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w-th- yhMj] Qrsg
DyksfMukQkWi 15 MCY;w-ih- VkWfid
QsuksDlkizkWi ,FkkbZy 10 bZ-lh- I;wek lqij
VsydkWDlhfMe 10 bZ-lh- xzkLi
vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih- ,jsykWu
th- vVykafVl
11
iksvk ,uqvk ,yPoa annua L.
lkekU; uke % ,uqvy feMks xzkl ;k

,uqvy Cyw xzkl
pfyr uke % iksvk ?kkl
12
O;k[;k % ;g kjn _rq dk ,dokhZ;

[kjirokj gS ftldh yackbZ 5 ls 30 lseh- gksrh gSA ;g xqPNsnkj ?kkl T;knkrj
vfkd ueh okys [ksrksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA
bldh tM+sa detksj o gYds gjs jax
dh gksrh gSa rFkk ikSks dh fupyh xkBsa
Hkh tM+ dk :i kkj.k dj ysrh gSaA

bldh ifk;ka likV lery] uje] 7
ls-eh- yEch o 1 ls 5 fe-eh- pkSM+h gksrh
gSaA blesa cgqr T;knk dYys fudyrs
gSaA iqie VfeZuy (Terminal) 2 ls
7 ls-eh- yEch kk[kk;sa gksrh gSaA bldk
okZu NksVs&NksVs chtksa }kjk gksrk gSA
Hkkfor [ksrksa esa ;g pVkbZ dh rjg
utj vkrk gS vkSj xsgwa dh iSnkokj de
dj nsrk gSA
vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih-$esVlY;wjkWu
20 MCY;w- ihfefJr [kjirokj dh fLFkfr esa %&
yy fetkslY;wjku$vkbMkslY;wjku 3-6 MCY;-w
th- vVykafVl
yy vkblksjksV~;wjku$esVklY;wjku dk feJ.k Hkh
iksvk ds fu;a=.k essa enn djrk gSA
yy 2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ lh ohM okj$vkblksizksV~;wjku
75 MCY;w-ih- ,fjyku] MSyjku] fgizksV~;wjku]
ukslhyku] ,xjksu] j{kd
yy
13
,tsjVe dkWuhTok;M~l ,yAgeratum conyzoides L.
lkekU; uke % xksV ohM] OgkbV ohM

pfyr uke % xakhyh] lgnsoh] mpqUVh]
ddjakk] egdqvk] ljgu] taxyh
iqnhuk
14
O;k[;k % ;g ,d lhks rus okyk 30 ls 80

lseh yEck okfkZd [kjirokj gS] blds rus
ij lQsn cky gksrs gSAa ifk;ka ,d&nwljs
ds foijhr gksrh gSa rFkk ihfVvksYl
(Petioles) yEcs gksrs gSAa iqie 30 ls 50
Qwyksa okyk gksrk gSA tks dksjEc (Corymb)
dh rjg ltk gksrk gSA Qwyksa dk jax gYdk
uhyk rFkk lQsn gksrk gSA idus ds le;
blds Qwy dk jax uhys vkdkk tSls gksrk
gSA blds cht dk teko 20 ls 25C
ij T;knk gksrk gSA iwohZ {ks=ksa esa bldk
teko twu ls vDVwcj rd gks ldrk gSA
;g [kjirokj xsgaw o kku ds iwohZ {ks=ksa esa
T;knk ik;k tkrk gSA ;g [kjirokj kku
o xsgw nksuksa esa gh ik;k tkrk gSA bldk
lkj cht }kjk gksrk gSA
[kjirokj fu;a=.k % bl [kjirokj dk
lcls vPNk fu;a=.k thjks fVyst fofk ls
xsgaw yxkus ls igys ,d frkr XykbQkslVs
dk fNM+dko djus ls gksrk gSA
yy
yy
eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w ih- ,yxzhi

2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ-lh- ohM okj
15
Qkblkfyl fefuek ,yPhysalis minima L.
lkekU; uke % xqtcsjh] lucsjh

pfyr uke % jlHkjh] cVdqb;ka] edksbZ]
fiyiksVu] fpjiksVh
16
O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj xsgaw o kku nksuksa

Qlyksa esa mxrk gSA ysfdu xsgw dh Qly
esa xsgaw ds lkFk&lkFk mxdj bldh
c<+ks kjh dks jksd nsrk gSA ;g ,dokhZ;
kkd gS ftldh pkbZ yxHkx 50&60
ls-eh- gksrh gSA bldk ruk lhkk dbZ
kk[kkvksa okyk gksrk gS ftl ij jks;as gksrs
gSAa ikh ds fdukjs nkarns kj gksrs gSAa ifk;ka
2-5&12 ls-eh- yEch gksrh gSa Qwy nwfk;k
ls ihys jax dk gksrk gSA Qy ,d doj
ls <dk gksrk gS tks idus ij Hkwjs jax dk
gks tkrk gS rFkk tehu ij fxj tkrk gSA
fu;a=.k % bldk lekkku 20&25 fnu
ds chp ,d fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ ls fd;k tk
ldrk gSA Qly esa i;kZIr ukbVkstu
[kkn ds ;ksx gksus ij bl [kjirokj dk
Hkko de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
dkQsZUVktksu 40 Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh

lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w-th- yhMj]
Qrsg$dkQsZUVktksu 40 Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh
esVlY;wjku $ dkQsZUVktksu 50 MCY;w-Mh-th,yh ,Dlsl
17
dSukfcl lSfVok ,yCannabis sativa L.
lkekU; uke % gsEi] esjhTokuk

pfyr uke % Hkkax] enuh] erqykuh
18
O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj iwohZ {ks=ksa esa

kku&xsgaw Qly p esa ik;k tkrk gSA
;g ,dokhZ; [kjirokj gS ftldk ruk
vkerkSj ij [kM+k jgrk gS vkSj chp ls
[kks[kyk gksrk gSA fupyh ifk;ka ,d
nwljs ds lkeus yxh gksrh gSa tcfd ij
dh ifk;ka ,dkUrfjr gksrh gSAa ifk;ka
fdukjksa ls uqdhyh gksrh gSAa bldk ikSkk
f}fyaxh (Dioecious) gksrk gSA blesa uj
vkSj eknk Qwy vyx&vyx ikSkksa esa gksrs
gSAa ;g ikSkk xsgaw esa 150 lseh- yEckbZ
rd c<+ ldrk gSA 100 cht ds nkuksa 19
dk otu 1-5 ls 2-5 xzke rd gksrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w-th- yhMj] Qrsg$
2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ lh ohM okj
eSVlY;wjkWu 20 MCY;w-ih- ,yxzhi
th- vVykafVl
#esDl jsVksySDll ,y- ,Dl lqYV

& lqYV- ,QRumex retroflexus L. Ex Schult. &
Schult. f.
lkekU; uke % xksYMsu MkWd

pfyr uke % taxyh ikyd ;k ikyfd;k
?kkl ;k dafn;kyh ikyd
20
O;k[;k % ;g xsgwa ds eq[; [kjirokjksa es

ls ,d gSA ;qok voLFkk esa ifk;ksa dk jax
Hkwjs ;k yky jax dk gksrk gS rFkk gjs o
ihys jax ds kCcs ijh lrg rd gksrs
gSA ij okyh ikh tgka ls cht curk
gS yEch o [kLrk gksrh gSaA bldh tM+sa
xgjh o yky jax dh gksrh gSaA bldk ruk
lhkk] l[r o ij ls kk[kkvksa okyk
gksrk gSA bldk Qy yEcs o kk[kkdkj nks
fQV yEcs lewg (Cluster) tSlk gksrk gSA
iwjs ikSks ij dakVs gksus dh otg ls gkFk
ls fudkyuk vlEHko gSA bldk lkj.k
cht ls gksrk gS bldk cht 2 ls 2-5 feeh- f=Hkqt tSlk Hkwjs jax dk gksrk gS tks
vSy ekg esa idrk gSaA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

dkjQUVktksu 40% Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh
DyksfMukQkWi$eSVlY;wjkWu 15$1 MCY;w-ihosLVk
lYQkslY;wjkWu$eSVlY;wjkWu 80 MCY;w-Mhth- VksVy
DyksjlY;wjkWu 75 MCY;w-ih- Xyhu
21
lksykue Lihlht+
Solanum species
lkekU; uke % CySd ukbVksM

pfyr uke % edks,] ekdks] iVi:u
22
O;k[;k % ;g vke [kjirokj gS tks xsgwa esa

,d viuk egRo j[krk gSA ;g ,dokhZ;
gS o cgqokhZ; Hkh gks ldrk gSA bldh dbZ
tkfr;ka gksrh gSa ftuesa ls eq[; nks ds
fp= fn;s gq, gSaA ;g T;knkrj iwohZ {ks=ksa esa
ik;k tkus okyk [kjirokj gSA ;g 30 ls
120 ls-eh- dh WpkbZ rd NksVh >kM+h dh
rjg c<+ ldrk gSA bldh ifk;ka 4 ls 7-5
lseh- yEch o 2 ls 4 lseh pkSM+h gksrh gSa tks
cM+s nkusnkj fdukjksa ds lkFk fny Ovate
tSls vkdkj dh gksrh gSaA Qwy dh ia[kqfM+;k
lQsn jax dh rFkk blds iqadslj (Anthers)
ihys jax ds gksrs gSaA bldk Qy dkyk ;k
cSaxuh] dkyk tkequh ;k gjk Hkh gksrk gSA
fu;a=.k % ,sls [ksrksa esa mxs gq, ikSkksa esa ,d
frkr XykbQkslsV dk fNM+dko djsa rFkk
thjks fVyst fofk ls fcuk tqrkbZ ds xsgwW
dh cqvkbZ djsaA
yy
yy
yy

vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih- ,jsykWu
23
vkWDlkfyl dkWfuZdqyVk ,yOxalis corniculata L.
lkekU; uke % hfiax oqMlkjksy

pfyr uke % pkfj;kfeyks] frifr;k
24
O;k[;k % bldh leL;k iwokpy o usiky

esa T;knk gksrh gSA bl [kjirokj dk
ruk QSyk gqvk o lhkk Hkh gksrk gSA
;g ,dokhZ;@cgqokhZ; [kjirokj xsgwa ds
[ksr esa tehu ij QSy tkrk gS rFkk xsgwa
dh c<+kskjh de dj nsrk gSA bldh rhu
i=d ;k ia[kqfM+;ka fny ds vkdkj dh
gksrh gSaA bldk iqie nks lseh pkSM+k
ftldh ikWp ia[kqM+h] ikWp lsiYl (Sepals)
;k 10 iqadslj gksrs gSaA blds cht lery
rFkk Hkwjs jax ds gksrs gSa vkSj mu ij lQsn
jax ds kCcs (Markings) gksrs gSaA
fu;a=.k % bl [kjirokj dks 2] 4&Mh
dk vlj de gksrk gS vkSj dqN gh
[kjirokjukkh gSa ftuls budk fu;a=.k
vPNk gksrk gSA blfy, xsgwa dh fctkbZ
ds 30&35 fnu ckn ,d fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ
vko;d gSA
yy
yy
yy

$ dkQsZUVktksu 40 MCY;w-Mh-Tkh- ,fQfuVh
25
vkthZeksu esfDldkuk ,yArgemone mexicana L.
lkekU; uke % fdyh ikWih

pfyr uke % lsydkaM]s lR;ukkh] HkjHk.M]
lky dkaVk] ihyk kksrjk] Lo.kZ{khjh] daMjs h
26
O;k[;k % iwohZ {ks=ksa esa de ueh o gYdh

tehu okys {ks=ksa esa bl [kjirokj dh
leL;k T;knk gksrh gSA ;g ,dokhZ;
[kjirokj gSA bldh ifk;ka gjh] eksVh
o dkaVsnkj gksrh gSa rFkk chp esa gYdh
lQsn kkfj;ka (Veins) gksrh gSaA fupyh
ifk;ka jkstsV (Rossette) vkSj Qwy
pedhys ihys gksrs gSaA dbZ txg iwohZ
{ks=ksa esa lQsn jax ds Qwy Hkh ik;s tkrs
gSaA blds cht ljlks ds nkuksa tSls gksrs
gSa vkSj lsgr ds fy, gkfudkjd gksrs gSaA
bldk lkj.k cht }kjk gksrk gSA
fu;a=.k % vkerkSj ij ;g [kjirokj
xsgwa dh fctkbZ ls igys mx tkrk gSA
blfy, mxs gq, ikSkksa ij XykbQkslsV
,d frkr dh nj ls fNM+dko djds
xsgwa dh fctkbZ thjks fVyst fofk ls
djuh pkfg,A
yy
yy

$dkQsZUVktksu 40 Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh
27
dksukbt+k cksukfj,fUll ,y- kadConyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.
LkkekU; uke % gkWlZ ohM

pfyr uke % fxnjokj
28
O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj iwohZ ;k iwokZUpy

{ks=ksa esa xsgaw okys [ksrksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA
ftu {ks=ksa esa xUuk T;knk gksrk gS mu
xsgaw ds [ksrksa esa budk dksi T;knk gksrk
gSA bldk ruk lhkk] kk[kkvksa okyk tks
fd ;qok voLFkk esa jkstVs (Rossette) dh
ldy ys ysrk gSA bl voLFkk esa bldh
ifk;ka l?kurk ls rus dks lesV ysrh gSAa
iqie NksVs flj okyh yEch iqixqPNh
dh voLFkk esa gksrk gSA bldk Qwy lQsn
o ihyk gksrk gSA bldk lkj.k cht ls
gksrk gSA bldh dbZ fdLesa gSAa
fu;a=.k % [kjirokjukfk;ksa ds vPNs Hkko
ds fy, mudks bl [kjirokj ij bldh
NksVh voLFkk esa djuk pkfg,A ftu [ksrksa
esa budh leL;k T;knk gS mlesa xUus dh
Qly dk Qsjcny de djsAa
yy
yy
yy
yy

eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w-ih- vkyfxzi
29
;wefj;k ikfoZyksjk ySeFumaria parviflora Lam.
lkekU; uke % ;wfeVkWjh

pfyr uke % cu xktj] dS#vk] xtjh]
ijiV] fikk] IkkInk] kk=k
30
O;k[;k % ;g ,dokhZ; pkSMh+ ikh okyh

tkfr dk [kjirokj gSA bldh leL;k
Hkkjr ds iwohZ {ks=ksa o usiky esa T;knk gksrh

gSA bldk ruk uktqd] detksj o eqMk+
dks.kh; (Angled) gksrk gSA ;qok voLFkk
esa ;s xktj tSlk fn[krk gSA bldh tM+as
NksVh gksrh gSAa bldh ifk;ka oSdfYid
o NksVs vkdkj dh gksrh gSa o Lokn esa
dM+oh gksrh gSA blds Qwy gYds lQsn
rFkk mudh uksd cSx
a uh jax dh gksrh gSAa
bldk cht xksy ;k uV (nut let) tSlk
gksrk gSA ;g vius yky o Hkwjs jax ds
chtksa ds ek;e ls QSyrk gS ftldk
teko 5 ls 22C rd gks ldrk gSA
31
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

VC;wfVu 50 ,l-lhbxzku
eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w-ih- ,yxzhi
eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w- ih- $dkQsZUVktksu 40
Mh- ,Q-
,ukxkfyl vosZflal
Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. foemina
lkekU; uke % fiEisjuy

pfyr uke % .kuhy] uhy] kjrh <d
32
O;k[;k % ;g ,d okhZ; [kjirokj gS tks

fd vkZ [kM+s ;k ksLVsV (Prostrate) vkdkj
ds gksrs gSAa ;g [kjirokj T;knk ugha c<+rk
ftldh apkbZ 30 lseh- rd gh jg tkrh gSA
bldh leL;k Hkkjr ds iwohZ Hkkxksa o usiky esa
T;knk gksrh gSA bldh ifk;ka foijhr tksMs+
ds lkFk mTtoy gjh gksrh gSAa NksVs uhys
Qwy tks fd ikh ,sDly (Axils) ls fudyrs
gSAa blds Qwy lwjt mxus ij f[kyrs gSAa
blds cht Qly ds idus ls igys fxj tkrs
gSAa ftlds ckn bldk lkj.k gksrk gSA
fu;a=.k % vPNh xsgw dh Qly dk ;g [kj
eqdkcyk ugha dj ldrkA bldh la[;k dks
xsgaw dh le; ij fctkbZ vkSj laLrqr ukbVkt
s u
dh ek=k ls Hkh de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ-lh ohM okj
DyksfMukQki$eSVlY;wjku 15$1 MCY;w-ihosLVk
33
ohfl;k lVkbok ,y-,l-,l-ihfuxzk ,y-

Vicia sativa L. ssp. nigra (L.)
lkekU; uke % dkWeu oSp

pfyr uke % pVjh] xsxyk] vdjh
34
O;k[;k % ;g ,d okhZ; [kjirokj gSA

;g T;knkrj gYdh feV~Vh ;k de ueh
okys {ks=ksa esa mxrk gSA bldk ruk
[kks[kyk rFkk pkj i{kh; gksrk gSA bldh
ifk;ka igys ,d tksM+s ds :i esa pyrh
gSa tks fd Hkkykuqek (Lance) ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSa ftudh uksd lqbZ tSlh gksrh
gSaA bldh yrk,a xsgwa ds lkFk ij p<+
tkrh gSaA bldk Qy thg~ok (Legume)
o ,d Qyh ds :i esa gksrk gS ftlesa
10 ls 12 cht gksrs gSa ftudk jax Hkwjk
gksrk gSA ;g cht ls QSyrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
DyksfMukQki$eSVlY;wjku 15$1 MCY;w-ihosLVk
35
XuSQsfy;e ijI;wfj;e
i;kZ;okph
xSekspsVk ijI;wfj;k ,y- dcsjk
Gnaphalium purpureum
Synomyms
(Gamochaeta purpurea L. Cabera)
lkekU; uke % iiZy dMohM

pfyr uke % cksdh] [kSfj;ks >kj] Hkqdh]
gygqy] gqjgqy] taxyh gjksj
36
O;k[;k % ;g khjs&khjs c<+us okyk ,d

okhZ; pkSM+h ikh okyk [kjirokj gSA
bldk ruk lhkk vkSj jkstsV (Rosette)
ls c<+rk gS rFkk blesa kk[kk;sa ugha
gksrh gSaA bldh ?kuh ifk;ka rus dks
pkjksa rjQ ls ?ksjh jgrh gSaA ifk;ka
fn[kus esa ,d nwljs ds foijhr yxrh
gSaA ;s okLro esa oSdfYid gksrh gSaA
blds Qwy gYds Hkwjs] xqykch o cSxuh
jax ds gksrs gSa tks rus ls tqM+s jgrs gSaA
bldk QSyko cht ls gksrk gSA blds
Qy Hkw, dh rjg ,oa idus ij uhps
fxj tkrs gSA
[kjirokjukfk;ksa dh lwph\
yy
yy
yy
yy

eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w-ih- ,yxzhi $ 2]
4&Mh] 38 bZ lh ohM okj
37
ykSu;k uqfMdkWfyl ,y- gqd-

Launaea nudicaulis L. (Hook.)
lkekU; uke % okbYM dkWyhykoj

pfyr uke % taxyh xksHkh] HkxVsy
38
O;k[;k % ;g f}okhZ; [kjirokj gS tks

jkstsV (Rosette) dh rjg mxrk gSA ;g
gYdh tehu okys {ks=ksas esa T;knk gksrk
gSA bldk iqie Ldkikst (Scapose) tks
,d QqV rus ds c<+us ds ckn yxrk gSA
blds Qwy dh ia[kqfM+;ka ihys jax dh gksrh
gSa vkSj ;g cht ls QSyrk gSA bldh
ifk;ka nkarsnkj rFkk dHkh&dHkh xksysiu
ds lkFk gksrh gSaA bl ikSks ds chp dh
kk[kk c<+dj Qwy cukrh gSA
fu;a=.k % [ksr esa le; ij flapkbZ o
flQkfjk dh x;h ukbVkstu dh iwjh ek=k
yxkus ls Hkh bl [kjirokj ls uqdlku
dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy

lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w- th- yhMj] Qrsg
$ 2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ lh ohM okj
eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w ih- ,yxzhi $ 2]
4&Mh] 38 bZ lh ohM okj
lYQkslY;wjku $ eSVlY;wjku 80 MCY;w-Mhth- VksVy
39
dksjksuksil fMMhel ,y- ,l- ,eCoronopus didymus L. Sm.
lkekU; uke % yslj Lokbu sl

pfyr uke % ihr ikiM+k] pelwj >kj]
taxyh gyksa
40
O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj vkerkSj ls tehu

ij fcNk ;k QSyk gqvk gksrk gSA bldk
teko vDVwcj&uoEcj esa gksrk gSA NksV]s
xqPNsnkj rFkk gYds ihys jax ds Qwy
tuojh&Qjojh esa vkrs gSAa ikksa dh cukoV
gkFk dh maxfy;ksa tSlh gksrh gS rFkk bldh
tM+as xgjh o lQsn jax dh gksrh gSAa ikqvksa
dks pkjs ds :i esa f[kykus ls nwk esa cncw
vkrh gSA bldk tuu cht }kjk gksrk
gS tks fd dkQh NksVs gksrs gSAa gj Qyh esa
yxHkx 6&20 Hkwjs yky jax ds cht gksrs gSa
tks ekpZ&vSy esa xsgaw ds lkFk gh idrs gSAa
;g Lo&ijkx.k (Self-pollinated) gksrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
fefJr [kjirokj voLFkk esa %&
2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ-lh- ohM okj$vkblksizksV~;wjku
75 MCY;w-ih- ,jsykWu] MSyjkWu] fgizksV~;wjkWu]
ukslhykWu] ,xjksu] j{kd
fetkslY;wjku$vkbMkslY;wjku 3-6 MCY;wth- vVykafVl
41
Ekkyok ikjohyksjk ,yMalva parviflora L.
lkekU; uke % pht ohM] cVu ohM

pfyr uke % lksapy] [kVuh
42
O;k[;k % ;g ,d okhZ; [kjirokj gS tks

fd xsgwa esa eq[;r% ftu [ksrksa esa xkscj
dh [kkn Mkyh tkrh gS T;knk ik;k
tkrk gSA bldk ruk lhkk rFkk uhps ls
l[r (woody) gksrk gSA bldh ifk;ka
8&10 lseh- pkSM+h] xksy] rFkk ifji=
gksrh gSaA ikh dk vkkkj fny ds vkdkj
dk gksrk gSA ftuds fdukjs (margins)
xksy o nkarh okys gksrs gSaA Qwy lQsn
o gYds tkequh jax ds gksrs gSaA Qy
ifg, tSlk xksy tks fd 8&12 cht
okys fgLlksa esa caVk gksrk gSA cht dk jax
dkyk] Hkwjk ;k gYdk yky lk gksrk gSA
bldk lkj.k cht }kjk gksrk gSA
yy
43
psukiksfM;e ,yce ,yChenopodium album L.
psukiksfM;e E;wjsy ,y-
Chenopodium murale L.
lkekU; uke % ySECl DokVZlZ] xwtQqV]

QSV gsu
pfyr uke % ckFkw] cFkqvk] [kM+ckFkw]
dqjaM] f>y
44
O;k[;k % ;g xsgwa dk eq[; [kjirokj

gS tks fd gj rjg dh tehuksa esa ik;k
tkrk gSA bldk ikSkk lhkk c<+us okyk
3 ls 5 QqV apk o uje gksrk gSA
rus ds ij xqykch ls cSaxuh jax dh
yEch kkfj;ka gksrh gSaA ifk;ka oSdfYid]
Hkkysdkj o rus ij ,dkUrj esa yEch
MaMh (Petiole) ls tqM+h gksrh gSaA ckFkw
ds NksVs iks kq: esa ij ls gjs jax ds
o uhps ls tkequh jax ds rFkk nkarsnkj]
ghjs ds vkdkj ds gksrs gSaA ckFkw dh tM+sa
NksVh xqPNsnkj o eq[; tM+ yky jax
dh gksrh gS ftlds dkj.k ;g lw[kh
voLFkk esa Hkh vPNk Qy&Qwy tkrk
gSA Qwy] ifk;ksa ds fupys fgLls ij gjs
jax ds xqPNksa esa yxrs gSaA cht cgqr
NksVk o dkys jax dk gksrk gS tks fd gjs
jax dh ijr ls <dk gksrk gSA ckFkw esa
cht cukus dh {kerk cgqr T;knk gksrh
gS o bldk ,d ikSkk 30 ls 40 gtkj
cht iSnk dj ldrk gSA bl [kjirokj
dh nwljh tkfr Hkh ik;h tkrh gSA
45
ftls [kM+ckFkw (Chenopodium murale L.)

ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA blds iks
vke ckFkw dh ctk; fpdus] vkdkj esa
cM+s o fdukjs ls dVs gq, gksrs gSaA
46
fu;a=.k % ;g [kj dkQh la[;k esa ik;k

tkrk gS ysfdu [kjirokjukfk;ksa ds
}kjk bl [kj dks vklkuh ls fu;af=r
fd;k tk ldrk gSA vxj ;g [kjirokj
ldrh ikh okys [kjirokjksa ds lkFk gks
rks nks [kjirokjukf'k;ksa ds feJ.k ls
fu;a=.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

eSVlY;wjkWu 20 MCY;w-ihDyksjlY;wjkWu 75 MCY;w-ih- Xyhu
2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ-lh- ohM okj$vkblksizksV~;wjku
75 MCY;w-ih- ,jsykWu] MSyjkWu] fgizksV~;wjkWu]
ukslhykWu] ,xjksu] j{kd
vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih- ,jsykWu] MSyjku]
fgizksV~;wjkWu] ukslhykWu] ,xjksu] j{kd
DyksfMukQkWi 15 MCY;w-ih- $ esVlY;wjkWu 20
MCY;w-ihDyksfMukQkWi15 MCY;w- ih-$esVlY;wjkWu 20
MCY;w- ih-
47
esyhyksVl bfUMdl ,-,y-,yMelilotus indicus All.
esyhyksVl vYck ,y-,-,e-dsMelilotus alba Lamk.
lkekU; uke % ,uqvy ;yks LohV Dyksvj] bfUM;u LohV Dyksvj

pfyr uke % ihyh lSath o lQsn lSath]
esFkk] cu esFkh] ju esFkh
48
O;k[;k % ;g ,dokhZ; ikSkk gS

tks 10&50 ls-eh- rd c<+ ldrk
gSA blds rus ij jksa;sa ugha gksrs
gSaA ;g [kjirokj nkseV feV~Vh o
flapkbZ okys {ks=ksa esa T;knk ik;k
tkrk gSA bldh ifk;ka vkerkSj ij
nkarsnkj gksrh gSaA ifk;ka 0-5&1-0
ls-eh- yEch rhu i=ksa okyh o yky
jax dh e; fkjkvksa okyh gksrh gSa A
;g [kjirokj nks fdLe dk gksrk
gS& ,d ihys Qwyksa okyk rFkk nwljk 49
lQsn Qwyksa okykA bldk ruk l[r
rFkk ikSk kk[kkvksa okyk tks fd kq:
dh voLFkk esa lkkkj.kr;k [kkus
okyh esaFkh tSlk gksrk gSA Qfy;ka
vkkk lseh yEch vkSj ,d Qyh esa nks
ls rhu nkus gksrs gSa A bldk lkj.k
cht ls gksrk gSA
fu;a=.k % bl [kjirokj dh la[;k
vkerkSj ij T;knk ugha gksrh gS
rFkk xsgwa dk cUk vPNk gks rks
blds cht de cusaxs vkSj gj lky

bldh la[;k de gksrh tk;sxhA
mkjh&ifpeh okys {ks=ksa esa ldjh
ikh okyh nokb;ka bldk fu;a=.k
ugha dj ikrh rFkk esVlY;wjkWu dks
ldjh ikh okyh nokb;ksa ds lkFk
feyk ldrs gSa ysfdu 2] 4&Mh dks
ugha feyk ldrs gSaA
50
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

2] 4&Mh lksfM;e lkYV 80%
DyksfMukQkWi$eSVlY;wjku osLVk 15$1
MCY;w-ihDyksjlY;wjkWu 75 MCY;w-ih- Xyhu
vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih- ,fjyku] MSyjku]
fgizksV~;wjkWu] ukslhykWu] ,xjksu] j{kd$2]
4&Mh] 38 bZ lh ohM ekj
DyksfMukQkWi 15 MCY;w-ih-$esVlY;wjkWu 20
MCY;w-ih-
51
fljfl;e vkosZUl ,y- Ldksi

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop
lkekU; Ukke % dsuM+k Fkhly

pfyr uke % daMkbZ] iksgyh
52
O;k[;k % ;g ,d cgqokhZ; [kjirokj gS

tks 0-6 ls 1-5 ehVj rd c<+ tkrk gSA
blds iks eksVs rFkk fdukjksa ij uqdhys
dkaVs gksrs gSaA bldh tM+sa jsksnkj gksrh
gSa tks fd tehu esa QSys gksrh gSaA vxys
lky eq[; tM+ ls ikSkk ugha curk rFkk
QSyh gqbZ tM+ksa ls u;k ikSkk curk gSA
bldk ikSkk dkaVs okyk gksrk gS rFkk
xsgwa dh dVkbZ esa ckakk iSnk djrk gSA

blds Qwy uhys jax ds gksrs gSa tks fd
Qly dVkbZ ds 2&3 lIrkg ckn cht
iSnk djrs gSaA
fu;a=.k % bl [kjirokj dk fu;a=.k
2] 4&Mh ls fd;k tk ldrk gS ysfdu
bl [kjirokjukkh dh ek=k vke
[kjirokjukfk;ksa ls nqxquh djuh iM+rh
gS rFkk de ls de nks ckj bldk
fNM+dko djuk iM+rk gSA vxj rkiM+
tehu esa fctkbZ djuh gS rks [ksr esa
igys ikuh nsdj bl [kjirokj dks
mxus ds ckn Ms<+ frkr XykbQkslsV
dk fNM+dko djsaA
yy
yy

MkbdEck 300 feyh 144 xzke lfz;
rRo@,dM+
53
;wQksfcZ;k gsfy;ksLdksfi;k ,yEuphorbia helioscopia L.
lkekU; uke % lu LitZ

pfyr uke % nqkbZ
54
O;k[;k % ;g xsgwa esa dkQh nsj ls mxrk

gS rFkk xsgwa dVus ds ckn idrk gSA bl
[kjirokj dks ij ls rksM+us ds ckn
nwk tSlk inkFkZ fudyrk gSA bldh
tM+sa lhkh o fodflr gksrh gSaA bldk
ruk lhkk] ljy rFkk uhps ls kk[kkvksa
okyk gksrk gSA bldh vkf[kjh ifk;ka
kk[kkvksa ds vUr esa xqPNksa ds :i esa
gksrh gSaA blds Qwy NksVs tks ihys ;k
gjs jax ds gksrs gSaA ;g ikqvksa ds fy,
gkfudkjd gksrk gSA
yy
yy

55
esMhdkxks MsUVhdqykVk okbYMMedicago denticulata Willd.
lkekU; uke % cjDyksoj

pfyr uke % tysch] eSuk] [kq[kuh
56
O;k[;k % ;g Hkkjh nkseV tehuksa esa mxkbZ

xbZ xsgwa dk eq[; [kjirokj gSA vkerkSj
ij bldh leL;k Qlyksa lCth o ckxksa
esa T;knk ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bldk
ikSkk 1&3 QqV apk tehu ds ij fcNk
gksrk gSA ikksa dh cukoV lSath ds ikksa
tSlh gksrh gS rFkk rus ij ,d&nwljs ds
mYVs fpids gksrs gSaA ijUrq lSath ds ikksa
ds ctk; eksVkbZ esa vfkd gksrs gSaA blds
ikksa ij lQsn nkx gksrs gSaA bldk Qy
xksy tysch ds vkdkj esa rFkk Qwy xgjs
ihys jax ds gksrs gaSA cht dk vkdkj cgqr
NksVk] v.Ms tSlk gksrk gSA cht dk jax
xgjk Hkwjk o ij ls [kqjnqjk gksrk gSA
vdsyk ikSkk lSath dh rjg lhkk [kM+k u
gksdj tehu ij QSyk gksrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

th- vVykafVl
57
ySFkkbjl vQkdk ,yLathyrus aphaca L.
lkekU; uke % okbYM ih] ;yks ih] ;yks

osp
pfyr uke % taxyh eVj] [kslkjh
58
O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj nky okyh tkfr

;k ihyh eVj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
;g mu bykdksa esa ik;k tkrk gS tgkW
ukbVkstu dk bLrseky de gksrk gSA
bl [kjirokj dks taxyh eVj Hkh dgrs
gSaA bldk ruk iryk o kk[kk;qDr gksrk
gSA vuqi= (Stipule) tksM+s esa i.kZo`k
(Petiole) ds vkkkj ij rus ls fyiVs
jgrs gSaA ifk;ka f=dks.kh; vkSj ygjhnkj

gksrh gSaA fnlEcj&tuojh eghus esa bl
[kjirokj esa gYds ihys Qwy vkrs gSaA
Qyh piVh o gj Qyh esa xksykdkj Hkwjs
jax ds 4 ls 6 cht gksrs gSaA tuu cht
}kjk gksrk gSA
fu;a=.k % ;g [kjirokj fkQkfjllqnk
;k xsgwa dk cUk Bhd gksus ls Hkh bl
[kjirokj dks fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
59

yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

fetkslY;wjku$vkbMkslY;wjku 3-6 MCY;wth- vVykfVl
lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w-th- yhMj] Qrsg]
lQy
vkblksizksV~;wjku 75 MCY;w-ih- ,jsykWu]
MSyjku] fgizksV~;wjkWu] ukslhykWu] ,xjksu] j{kd
$eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w-ih- ,yxzhi
dkWuokY;qyl vjosfUll ,yConvolvulus arvensis L.
lkekU; uke % QhYM ckbUMohM

pfyr uke % fgju[kqjh
60
O;k[;k % csyMh+ ;k ysgyh ds uke ls

pfyr cgqo"khZ; [kjirokj gS ftldk ruk
dkQh detksj gksrk gSA blds Qwyksa dk jax
lQsn ;k xqykch tks fd kDy esa Vkyh ;k
dhi tSlk gksrk gSA tkss rus ij vdsyk gh
iks ds lkFk yxk gksrk gSA blds Qwy lw;Z
ds mn; gksus ij f[kyrs gSa rFkk nksigj
ds ckn cUn gks tkrs gSAa bldh Qfy;ka
xksy] Hkwjh o rh[kh gksrh gSa rFkk gj Qyh esa
pkj Hkwjs jax ds cgqr l[r cht ik;s tkrs
gSAa bldk cht xsgWw ds vkdkj tSlk gksrk
gSAS ftldks Nkuus ds ckn Hkh vyx ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA fgju[kqjh dh tM+as dkQh
xgjh 1 ls 2 QqV rd gksrh gSAa Qly ds
pkjksa rjQ fyiVs gksus ds dkj.k] Qly dh
dVkbZ esa dkQh leL;k vkrh gSA ikSkksa dk
lkj.k tM+kas }kjk gksrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w-Mh-th- ,yxzhi
lYQkslY;wjku$eSVlY;wjku 80% MCY;w-Mhth- VksVy
61
,sLQksMsyl VsuqbZQksfy;l
Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.
lkekU; uke % vksfu;u ohM

pfyr uke % I;kth] dkyj] xaBk
62
O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj mkj ifpe ds

jsrhys ;k gYdh nkseV tehu okys {ks=ksa
esa ik;k tkrk gSSA bldk ikSkk I;kt dh
ifk;ksa tSlk gksrk gS ftldks vke Hkkkk
esa I;kth dgk tkrk gSA ikk I;kt dh
rjg chp ls [kks[kyk] ikSkk lhkk c<+us
okyk rFkk Qwyksa dk jax lQsn&xqykch
gksrk gSA flapkbZ okys bykdks esa bldh
la[;k de gks tkrh gSA ikSks dh apkbZ
1&1-5 QqV] tM+sa xqPNsnkj o xgjh gksrh
gSaA ruk tehu dh lrg ls gh QqVko
fy, gksrk gS rFkk lCth okys I;kt
tSlk gh fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA Qwy kqjh
ij ,d o;Z{kh; <ax ls lts gksrs gSaA
Qy dSIlwy o cht dkys o frdksus ls
>qjhZnkj gksrs gSaA bldk tuu cht ls
gh gksrk gSA
yy
yy
yy

eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w- ih- ,yxzhi
lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w- th- yhMj] Qrsg]
lQy
63
Lijxqyk vosfll ,ySpergula arvensis L.
lkekU; uke % dkuZ Lijh

pfyr uke % taxyh kfu;k] cakfu;k]
equ&equk
64
O;k[;k % ;g ,dokhZ; [kjirokj gS tks

15 ls 45 lseh rd c<+rk gS vkSj T;knkrj
gYdh nkseV feV~Vh okyh tehuksa esa tgkW
ikuh u #drk gks ogka ik;k tkrk gS] rFkk
bldk ruk vkkk [kM+k o vkkk >qdk gqvk
gksrk gS tks ij tkdj dkQh kk[kkvksas
okyk cu tkrk gSA blds iks pedhys
gjs jax ds gksrs gSAa blds iks ladh.kZ rFkk
lq, ds vkdkj ds gksrs gSAa blds iqie
mHk;fyaxh Qwy ftudh ia[kqfM+;ka lQsn
gksrh gS]a ikSks ds vkf[kjh Nksj ij yxs gksrs
gSAa blds cht FkksMs+ ls dkys jax ds gksrs s 65
gSa rFkk ,d cSx:ih lsy (Cell) esa yxs
gksrs gSAa bldk tuu cht ls gksrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
lYQkslY;wjku 75 MCY;w- th- yhMj] Qrsg]

lQy
LVsykfj;k ehfM;k
Stellaria media (L.) Villars
lkekU; uke % fpdohM

pfyr uke % cqpcqpk
66
O;k[;k % ;g xsgwa dk ,d okhZ;

[kjirokj gS tks fd T;knk ueh okys
{ks=ksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA bldh ifk;ksa
dh ijh lrg pedhys gjs jax dh
gksrh gS rFkk uhps okyh lrg gYds
ihysiu ij gksrh gSaA bldk ruk
detksj o kk[kkvksa okyk gksrk gS
ftlds fupys Hkkx ij NksVs&NksVs jks;sa

gksrs gSaA fupyh ifk;ka 0-5 ls 1-8
lseh- yEcs MaBy ds lkFk ikSkksa ds lkFk
yxh gksrh gSa rFkk ij okyh ifk;ka
cxSj MaBy dh gksrh gSaA blds Qwy
lQsn jax ds gksrs gS rFkk fn[kus esa
lqUnj yxrs gSaA ;g cht ;k QSyko
okys rusa ls QSyrk gSA
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy
yy

lQy
DyksMhukQksi$eSVlY;wjku 15$1 MCY;w-ihosLVk
lQy$dkQsZUVktksu 40 Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh
67
400 feyh- 20 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM
fctkbZ ds
jlk;u dks 120&150 yhVj ikuh
30&35 fnu ckn
esa feykdj ,d ,dM+ {ks= esa
fNM+dko djsa
fiukWDlkMsu 5 bZ-lh,sfDlvy
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
;ksx dh fofk
3-
160 xzke 24 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM+
;ksx dk le;
QhuksDlkksi bFkk;y
400 feyh- 40 xzke
fctkbZ ds
10 bZ-lh- I;wek ikoj lf; rRo@,dM$200 30&35 fnu ckn
xzke ljQSDVSUV
fNM+dko djsa
DyksMhukQksi 15
MCY;w-ih- Vksfid
1-
Ekk=k@,dM+
2-
kkdukkh
ekad
68
kkdukkh
lYQkslY;wjku 75
MCY;w-th- yhMj]
Qrsg] lQy
vkblksksV~;wjku 75
MCY;w- ih- ,jsykWu]
MSyjku] fgksV~;wjkWu]
ukslhykWu] ,xjksu]
j{kd
ekad
4-
5-
;ksx dk le;
;ksx dh fofk
500 xzke 400 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM+
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
13-3 xzke 10
fctkbZ ds
xzke lf;
30&35 fnu ckn
rRo@,dM+$500 feyh
fNM+dko djsa
lQSDVsaV fr ,dM+
Ekk=k@,dM+
69
kkdukkh
VsydkWDlhMhe 10
bZ-lh- xzkLi
MkbDyksQkWi feFkkbZy
28 bZ-lh- bZySxtkus
fetkslY;wjku $
vkbMkslY;wjku
3-6 MCY;w-thvVykfVl
ekad
6-
7-
8-
;ksx dh fofk
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
160 xzke
4-8 xzke$0-96 xzke
lf; rRo@,dM+
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
;ksx dk le;
1425 feyh- 400 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM+
1400 feyh- 140 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM+
Ekk=k@,dM+
70
2] 4&Mh bZ] 38 bZ
lh ohM okj
250&500 feyh
95&190 xzke lf;
rRo@,dM+
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
160 xzke 24$1-6 xzke

fctkbZ ds
lf; rRo@,dM
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
11-
;ksx dh fofk
DyksfMukQki $
esVlY;wjku 15$1
MCY;w-ih- osLVk
;ksx dk le;
10-
Ekk=k@,dM+
lYQkslY;wjku $ 16 xzke 12xzke$0-8xzke

fctkbZ ds
esVlY;wjku 75$5
lf; rRo@,dM
30&35 fnu ckn
MCY;w-Mh-th- VksVy
fNM+dko djsa
kkdukkh
9-
ekad
71
2] 4&Mh ,u
lksfM;e lkYV 80
MCY;w ih
eSVlY;wjku 20
MCY;w-ih- ,yxzhi
dkQsZUVktksu
bZFkkbZy 40 Mh-,Q,fQfuVh
12-
13-
14-
;ksx dh fofk
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
;ksx dk le;
20 xzke 8 xzke lf;

fctkbZ ds
rRo@,dM+
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
8 xzke 1-60 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM+
200&250 xzke
160&200 xzke lf;
rRo@,dM+
Ekk=k@,dM+
pkSM+h ikh okyh [kjirokj ds fy, 250 xzke- 2] 4&Mh lksfM;e ued ;k 300 fe-yh- 2] 4 Mh ,LVj dk ;ksx djsa ysfdu taxyh eVj] dM+kbZ
vkSj fgj.k [kqjh tSls [kjirokj ds fu;a=.k ds fy,] 500 xzke- 2] 4&Mh lksfM;e ued ;k 600 fe-yh- 2] 4 Mh ,LVj dk ;ksx djsaA
kkdukkh
ekad
72
kkdukkh
iSaMheSFkkyhu 30 lhbZ- LVkWEi
DyksjlY;wjkWu 75
MCY;w-ih- Xyhu
VC;wfVu 50 ,l-lhbxzku
ekad
15-
16-
17-
1200 feyh- 600 feyh

lf; rRo@,dM+
13-3 xzke 10 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM+
1300 feyh390 xzke lf;

rRo@,dM+
Ekk=k@,dM+
73
;ksx dh fofk
fNM+dko djsa
fNM+dko djsa
fNM+dko djsa
;ksx dk le;
lhkh cqvkbZ ds
rqjUr ckn
lhkh cqvkbZ ds
rqjUr ckn
lhkh cqvkbZ ds
rqjUr ckn
kkdukkh
esVlY;wjku $
dkQsZUVktksu ,yh
,Dlsl
MkbdEck
ekad
18-
19-
300 xzke 144 xzke

lf; rRo@,dM+
20 xzke esVlY;wjku
2 xzke $ dkQsZUVktksu
8 xzke lf;
rRo@,dM+
Ekk=k@,dM+
74
;ksx dh fofk
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
fctkbZ ds
30&35 fnu ckn
fNM+dko djsa
;ksx dk le;
[kjirokjukfk;ksa ds ;ksx gsrq fuEufyf[kr

ckrksa dks ;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,&
yy dudh Qysfjl ekbuj] taxyh ikyd
#esDl jsVksySDll ,oa ekyok
ekyok ikohZyksjk] lSath esyhyksVl
bfUMdk] eSuk esMhdkxks MsUVhdqykVk
vkfn [kjirokj mkjh&ifpeh Hkkjr
ds xsgwW&kku okys Qly p esa T;knk
ek=k esa ik;s tkrs gSaA bu bykdksa esa
[kjirokjukfk;ksa dk bLrseky ladjh
ikh okyh leL;k ij fuHkZj djsxkA dqN
bykdksa esa [kkldj iatkc] gfj;k.kk esa
[kjirokjukfk;ksa dk bLrseky dudh
dh frjksfkrk dks ;ku esa j[kdj
djuk gksxkA
yy I;kth ,sLQksMsyl VsuqbZQksfy;l] ckFkw
psuksiksfM;e ,yce tSls [kjirokjksa
dh la[;k mkj&ifpe bykdkssa esa
T;knk gksrh gSA taxyh tbZ dh leL;k
dikl&xsgwW ;k cktjk&xsgwW ds Qly
p esa T;knk gksrh gSA
yy xa/khyh ,tsjVe dkWuhTok;M~l Hkkax
dSukfcl lsfVok] edksbZ Qblkfyl
75
fefuek o Lkksykue Lkksykue fuxze

tSls [kjirokjksa dh T;knk la[;k
mkj&iwoZ iwokZUpy ;k fcgkj ds {ks=ksa
esa T;knk ik;h tkrh gSaA ladjh ikh
okys [kjirokjksa esa dudh dh la[;k
c<+rh tk jgh gSA bu {ks=ksa esa pkSM+h
ikh okyh [kjirokjukfk;ka vdsyh ;k
ldjh ikh okyh [kjirokjukfk;ksa ds
lkFk vfkd Hkkoh fl) gksaxhA
76
yy mkj&iwohZ {ks=ksa esa xsgw dh fctkbZ ds

le; [ksrksa esa eksFkk] nwc] lkbusfVl
cjlkr _rq okys [kjirokj ;k
xakhyh dk dksi jgrk gSA fcuk
tqrkbZ dh fctkbZ ls igys XykbQkslsV
dk 1 frkr ?kksy dk fNM+dko djus
ls bu [kjirokjksa ij fu;a=.k dj
ldrs gSaA XykbQkslsV ds lkFk 0-25
frkr fpifpik inkFkZ Hkh feykuk
pkfg,A
yy dbZ [kjirokj tSls fd dudh dh
u;s {ks=ksa esa leL;k [kjirokjksa ls
feykoVh cht ls gh gksrh gSA mipkfjr
[kjirokjjfgr cht dk bLrseky djus
ls bldh leL;k u, bykdks esa de

dh tk ldrh gSA
yy xsgwW dh fctkbZ vDVwcj ds vkf[kj
;k uoEcj ds igys lIrkg esa djus
ls dudh dh leL;k ?kVrh gS rFkk
taxyh tbZ dh leL;k c<+rh gSA
D;ksafd dudh ds teko ds fy, mfpr
rkieku 15 uoEcj ds ckn vkrk gSA
vxsrh cksbZ x;h Qly esa dudh dk
igys teko dh [ksi u gksus dh otg
ls uqdlku de gksrk gS D;ksafd vxsrh
Qly esa dudh igyk ikuh yxkus
ds ckn gh terk gSA nwljs teko dh
[ksi vkus rd Qly dkQh cM+h gks
tkrh gSA
yy Fke flapkbZ ds ckn feV~Vh esa mi;qDr
ueh gksus ij dlksys@gSaM gks (Hand
Hoe) }kjk fujkbZ djuk [kjirokj
fu;a=.k ds fy, ykHkn gSA
yy nyguh tkfr ds [kjirokjksa dh leL;k
flQkfjklqnk ukbVkstu dk bLrseky
djus ls ;k vPNs Qly ds cUku ls
Hkh de dh tkrh gSA
77
yy Qly p tSls fd cjlhe] eVj] vkyw

o xUus ds Qsjcny ls xsgwW esa ldjh
ikh okys [kjirokjksa dh leL;k de
gks ldrh gSA ;ku jgs xUus dh Qly
ls cgqokhZ; [kjirokjksa dh leL;k c<+
Hkh ldrh gSA
78
yy cxSj tqrkbZ ds fctkbZ ls dudh

dh leL;k de gks ldrh gS D;ksafd
bl fofk ls tehu dh fupyh lrg
okys cht ugha mx ikrsA blds lkFk
vxj Qly vo'ks"kksa dks tehu dh
lrg ij j[kk tk, rks dudh o vU;
[kjirokjksa dh leL;k vkSj de gks
tkrh gSA
yy [kjirokjukkh dh flQkfjk dh iwjh
ek=k dk fNM+dko 120&150 yhVj
ikuh esa feykdj ySV QSu Ukksty
(Flat Fan) ;qDr gLr pkfyr Ls iEi
}kjk djuk pkfg, o Ls ,dlkj gksuk
pkfg,A
yy ftl xsgwa ds [ksr esa ljlks dh vkM+
yxk;h x;h gks ogka ij yhMj] lQy]
,VykafVl] VksVy] ,l-,Q-&10]
esVlY;wjku o 2] 4 & Mh dk ;ksx

fcYdqy u djsa vU;Fkk ljlks ds lkjs
ikSks ekjs tk;saxsA
yy ftl [ksr esa vkblksksV~;wjkWu ;k
iSaMheSFkkyhu dk ;ksx djuk gks ogka
ij kku dh ijkyh u tyk;saA ftl
[ksr esa kku dh ijkyh tyh gksrh gS
ogka ij budk vlj de gks tkrk
gSA
yy isaMheSFkkyhu ds vPNs Hkko ds fy,
fNM+dko fctkbZ ds rqjUr ckn djsaA
yy fgju[kqjh] ekyok] edksbZ ;k iYiksVu
ds fy, dkQsZUVktksu lcls dkjxj
[kjirokjukkh gSA
yy [kjirokjukkh dk Ls rj crj [ksr
esa gh djsaA vxj crj [kqd gks tk;s
rks Ls ds fy, ikuh dh ek=k T;knk
;ksx djsaA
yy vxj [ksr esa ladjh o pkSM+h ikh okys
[kjirokj gksa rks vkblksksV~;wjkWu dh
flQkfjk dh x;h ek=k dks ,yfxzi
4 xzke fr ,dM+ ;k 2] 4&Mh 200
79
xzke fr ,dM+ esa feykdj fNM+dko

dj ldrs gSaA
yy 2] 4&Mh dk xsgw dh dqN tkfr;ksa esa
dqHkko iM+ ldrk gSA bldk dqHkko
iM+us ls ckfy;ka Vs<+h&es<+h fudyrh
gSaA vxj 2] 4&Mh dk fNM+dko 30&35
fnu ls vxsrk ;k iNsrk gks tk;s rks
xsgwa esa ckysa Vs<+h&es<+h fudyrh gSa
rFkk iSnkokj ij foijhr Hkko iM+rk
gSA
80
yy fQuksDlkksi o DyksfMukQkWi ds lkFk

2] 4&Mh feykdj Ls djus ls bu
nokb;ksa dk dudh o tbZ ij fu;a=.k
de gks tkrk gS blfy, vxj dudh
ds fy, fQuksDlkksi o DyksfMukQkWi
dk ;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks gesa blesa
7&10 fnu ckn 2] 4&Mh dk fNM+dko
djuk pkfg,A
yy lYQkslY;wjkWu ds lkFk 2] 4&Mh o
esVlY;wjkWu dks feykdj fNM+dko
dj ldrs gSaA
yy pkSM+h ikh okys [kjirokjksa esa vxj
fgj.k[kqjh csyMh] eVjh] PkVjh] o
daMbZ jLlk [kjirokjksa dh leL;k

T;knk gS rks 2] 4&Mh ,LVj 600 feyh- fr ,dM+ ;k 2] 4&Mh lksfM;e
ued 500 xzke- fr ,dM+ ds fglkc
ls fNM+dko djsaA
yy vxj xsgwa dh dVkbZ ds rqjUr ckn
Tokj] eDdk] dikl ;k yksfc;k dh
fctkbZ djuh gS rks xsgwa dh Qly esa
lYQkslY;wjkWu] VksVy ;k ,VykafVl
dk fNM+dko u djsaA
yy dudh ds fr frjksfkrk ls cpus ds
fy, gwj lky [kjirokjukfk;ksa dk
;ksx cny&cnydj djsaA
yy ,yfxzi o 2] 4&Mh dk Ls djus ds
ckn Ls iEi dks FkksM+s lksMs ;k lQZ
ls vPNh rjg lkQ dj ysa vU;Fkk
vxj ;gh iEi pkSM+h ikh okyh Qly
esa Ls ds fy, ;ksx fd;k tk;xk
rks Qly esa Hkkjh uqdlku gks ldrk
gSA
yy vxj gok tksj ls py jgh gS rks 2]
4&Mh o lYQkslY;wjkWu dk fNM+dko
u djsa vU;Fkk lkFk okys [ksr esa
81
[kM+h ljlks ;k pus dh Qly ty

tk;sxhA
yy [kjirokjukfk;ksa ds lkFk fpifpik
inkFkZ (Surfactant) feykus ls budh
dke djus dh {kerk c<+rh gSA
82
83
84

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nf{k.

k ,f'k;k esa xsgw

vkj-ds- efyd] vt; dqekj]

This publication is copyrighted by the

CSISA Knowledge Bank:

XuSQsfy;e ijI;wfj;e cksdh

Qysfjl ekbuj fjV~Tk

lkekU; uke % fyfVylhM dsusjh?kkl

O;k[;k % ;g xsgaw dh Qly dk eq[;

esa lqLirkoLFkk esa jg ldrs gSAa bldk

fu;a=.k % iatkc o gfj;k.kk tSls {ks=ksa

DyksfMukQkWi 15 MCY;w-ih- Vksfid

fetkslY;wjku$vkbMkslY;wjku 3-6 MCY;-w

ikyhikWxku eksUlisysfUll ,y-

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.

lkekU; uke % jSfcVQqV xzkl] QkWDl Vsy

O;k[;k % ;g xsgwa dk ,dokhZ; [kjirokj

fiukWDlkMsu 5 bZ-lh- ,sfDlvy

vosuk ywMksfofl;kuk MjAvena Iudoviciana Dur.

lkekU; uke % okbYM vksV

O;k[;k % bldk ikSkk lhkk] ifk;ka

cktjk&xsgwa] dikl&xsgwa o nyguh&xsgwa

[kjirokj fu;a=.k % ;g [kjirokj

MkbDyksQkWi 28 bZ-lh- bZySxtksu

iksvk ,uqvk ,yPoa annua L.

lkekU; uke % ,uqvy feMks xzkl ;k

O;k[;k % ;g kjn _rq dk ,dokhZ;

Hkh tM+ dk :i kkj.k dj ysrh gSaA

,tsjVe dkWuhTok;M~l ,yAgeratum conyzoides L.

lkekU; uke % xksV ohM] OgkbV ohM

O;k[;k % ;g ,d lhks rus okyk 30 ls 80

eSVlY;wjku 20 MCY;w ih- ,yxzhi

Qkblkfyl fefuek ,yPhysalis minima L.

lkekU; uke % xqtcsjh] lucsjh

O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj xsgaw o kku nksuksa

dkQsZUVktksu 40 Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh

dSukfcl lSfVok ,yCannabis sativa L.

lkekU; uke % gsEi] esjhTokuk

O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj iwohZ {ks=ksa esa

dkQsZUVktksu 40 Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh

#esDl jsVksySDll ,y- ,Dl lqYV

lkekU; uke % xksYMsu MkWd

O;k[;k % ;g xsgwa ds eq[; [kjirokjksa es

eSVlY;wjkWu 20 MCY;w-ih- ,yxzhi

lkekU; uke % CySd ukbVksM

O;k[;k % ;g vke [kjirokj gS tks xsgwa esa

dkQsZUVktksu 40 Mh-,Q- ,fQfuVh

vkWDlkfyl dkWfuZdqyVk ,yOxalis corniculata L.

lkekU; uke % hfiax oqMlkjksy

O;k[;k % bldh leL;k iwokpy o usiky

iSaMheSFkkyhu 30 bZ-lh- LVkWEi

vkthZeksu esfDldkuk ,yArgemone mexicana L.

lkekU; uke % fdyh ikWih

O;k[;k % iwohZ {ks=ksa esa de ueh o gYdh

2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ-lh- ohM okj

dksukbt+k cksukfj,fUll ,y- kadConyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.

LkkekU; uke % gkWlZ ohM

O;k[;k % ;g [kjirokj iwohZ ;k iwokZUpy

2] 4&Mh] 38 bZ-lh- ohM okj

XuSQsfy;e ijI;wfj;e cksdh