SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO BAR EXAMINATION

IN

su:sisten!e esta:lish a" &efinitel" ent fisher restrain of a&e?uate en(1999) the a,ainst others e!hanis forei,n fro iintrusion' for pro%i&ent this 7' +rti!le pre%ent M555H 3he infrin,e Se!tion Supre ent 1) eof Court of its the !usto is 1987 e powere& sH Constitution fis!alH to148 -ou:le Free&o Prohi:itions -isualifi!ations 1e?uisites; /0tra&ition; +& -ual +,rarian >u&i!ial in +lle,ian!e 7aw; >eopar&" of 1etroa!ti%e -epart 1eli,ion; Contra!ts an& 1efor 1ules %s' 5nhi:itions (1988) -ual an& ent; 7aw; Non*/sta:lish ........................................................................................................ 5n%ol%in, +ppli!ation 1e,ulations; 6rit Citi=enship Co%era,e of ...................................................................................................... of Pu:li! + 7$< paro ((2*2002) (1988) (1992) Affi!e ent -ue (1991) (1991) Clause (200#) Pro!ess .................................................................... ......................................................................... .............................................................. .................................................................. .................................................................. (1997) ......................................................... (2000) ............................................... ........................................... 116 167 49 83 68 101 131 187 30 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE purpose' a!tionH FishworDers there:" (5&'H shall se!H aintainin, re!ei%e 1)) a a ;ust s"ste share of fro !he!Ds their a&opt pro%i&es i i,ration rules that for or the sanitar" the ri,ht prote!tion of laws the people an& an& re,ulations enfor!e an& their ent of -ou:le Free&o (ualifi!ations; /ffe!t 1e?uisites; Fla, $o%ern -ual Co >u&i!ial State Citi=enship of >eopar&" Filin, ent of ission %s' Spee!h; Contra!ts 5n&epen&en!e; +,en!" Fla, Con,ress of on (199#) Certifi!ate of (1993) @u 9an Con%enien!e %s' in%ol%in, ........................................................................................................ an on en $o%ern ...................................................................................................... 1i,hts; Safe,uar& of 3o:a!!o (1988) Can&i&a!"; 7$< Power ent (200#) ................................................................................. +(2000) (1992) 5nstru (1992) to +ppointi%e .................................................................. in%esti,ate ...................................................................... .................................................................. entalit" ........................................................... Affi!er (1992) ((7*2002) %s ...................................... /le!ti%e ............................... Affi!er 168 68 84 49 101 132 149 188 31 PHILIPPINES P'i Con 875 Ne1 an& :alan!es la:or in the utili=ation a on, the of arine H thusH an& preser%in, fishin, the !onstitutional within its territor" ri,hts' or territorial sea' (+rti!le 33 of or,ani=ations to parti!ipate at all le%els of so!ialH -ou:le Free&o (ualifi!ations; (2002) 3a0ation; $eno!i&e (uasi*>u&i!ial /ffe!t Co >u&i!ial of .................................................................................................................................... >eopar&" 8arria,e; of (1988) $ACC ission the Power Con,ress 9o&" Press; on ................................................................................................................. 7ia:ilit" Filipino (1989) (1997) @u or +!tual +,en!" an ......................................................................................................... en; (1989) For ...................................................................................................... 1i,hts; 8ali!e (1993) ((2*200)) 1eal ..................................................................................... Power (200#) ................................................................................ /state ..................................................................... to .................................................................... 3a0 issue (1999) 31A .................................................. (1997) ...................................... 116 168 188 69 50 84 102 132 149 31 Feat-re% 619917 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES ................................................................... 14 will of the resour!es' so%erei,n e0presse& in the Constitution' the Con%ention on the of the Sea') politi!alH an& e!ono i!7aw &e!ision* aDin, shall not P'i Con 875 Peo$ e Po1er 689997 8' +rt' 55' Se!' 11 !o its the State to a -ou:le Free&o (ualifi!ations; /ffe!t 3a0ation; @u Co >u&i!ial an of1i,hts >eopar&" Filin, Aath of ission Sour!es the Power of Con,ress of (1999) Press; +lle,ian!e on Certifi!ate (1992) (1999) @u of......................................................................................................... 6arti 1e%enue an ......................................................................................................... en; ...................................................................................................... (200#) 1i,hts; ofe (1999) Can&i&a!"; Censorship (1999) .................................................................................... Power ................................................................................ ............................................................................. Fair to (1987) issue /le!tion ........................................................ 31A+!t (2001) (2003) ...................................... .......................... 117 168 69 50 85 102 132 149 32 :e a:ri&,e& an& that the State shallH :" lawH Phil Con 87; 9ill New (1991)..................................................................................... 14 Phil No 1: @ow is the of Features 1i,hts stren,thene& in poli!" whi!h pla!es %alue on the &i,nit" of e%er" -ou:le 5 Separation /le!tion 6ith&rawal @u /ffe!t pair >u&i!ial Co an of 1i,hts; ent Affenses; >eopar&" 1epatriation ission of of Clause; Power Powers Pu:li! Ci%il on Conspira!" (1998) (1999) 9asi! an& @u Propert" (1999) (1988) Politi!al an ......................................................................................................... @u ...................................................................................................... 1i,hts; ............................................................................................... .............................................................................................. fro to an 1i,hts 9ri:e 1i,hts Pu:li! Power; Eoters (1992) (1992) <se 7i (1991) (1990) itations ............................................................ ............................................................ ................................................. ................................................. ((#*2002) ................................... 132 117 168 51 85 70 103 150 32 No 5s the !on!ept People Power re!o,ni=e& E," -%i*e E"ono+i" @one5 Rig't% o# t'e 3he /MC7<S5E/ /CANA85C .AN/ is aCon =one fa!ilitate the esta:lish ent of a&e?uate the 5M' 1987 ConstitutionL Con 87; People of Power (1987) ..................................................................................... 14 Phil hu an person an& ,uarantees full respe!t for ARTICLE /I A""o-ntabi ity o# P-b i" O##i"er% ........................................................... 133 -ou:le 5n%oluntar" Separation /le!tion @u /ffe!t >u&i!ial 7a:or; an of( 1i,hts; Protest >eopar&" 1epatriation 1i,ht of Ser%itu&e Power; Powers Ci%il (1990) to Self*Ar,ani=ation (2000) S!ope an& (2002) (1993) (2003) ...................................................................................................... Politi!al (199#) ...................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ............................................................................................... .............................................................................................. 1i,hts ........................................................................................... (1988) ........................................................................ ............................................................ 117 169 51 85 70 151 32 in the ConstitutionL -is!uss :riefl"' (3N) :) Coa%ta 6hat State are the 6>1<899A7 essential !hara!teristi!s of a (199)) e0ten&in, up e!hanis to 200 nauti!al iles fro the !onsultation s' T'i% !o i% not intended )o %ale o ri,hts' co""e ce. T'i% !o ( 103 i% 87; People Power (2000) ..................................................................................... 15 Phil Con 87; hu an SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: +:an&on ent of Affi!e (2000) .......................................................................................... 133 parlia (!) /nu entar" erate for the ri,hts of ,o%ern of the entL !oastal (2'2N) state in States -ou:le 7i:ert" 3hree*3er /le!tion 5ntFl /ffe!t >u&i!ial Court 7a:or; of of Protest >eopar&" 1epatriation +:o&e; of 1i,ht 1e%iew; 7i >usti!e; it: %s' to 7i Con,ress (2001) StriDe (uo 7o!us >uris&i!tion itations (2003) 6arranto (1988) Stan&i ...................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... (1998) en ............................................................................................. A%er (199)) (1992) (2001) .................................................................................. ........................................................................... .............................................................................. ...................................................................... ................................................................ 118 170 51 86 70 151 104 5ntFl 32 :aselines of a state o%er whi!h the !oastal state +rti!le ME55H Se!tion 2 of the 1987 Constitution People Power (2003) ..................................................................................... 15 1i,hts Nature of the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the e0!lusi%e e!ono i!it; =one' (3N) 9' + Co ................................................ ission onthe @u purpose an is has so%erei,n ri,hts for of5ntFl e0plorin, -is!ipline; Cle -o!trine of Con&onation (2000) 133 3here -ou:le 7i:ert" 3hree*3er /le!tion Court /ffe!ts are 7a:or; >u&i!ial se%eral of of >usti!e; Protest >eopar&" +:o&e; 8arria,es 1i,ht wa"s 1e%iew; 7i en!"; %s' >uris&i!tion to in 3e Con,ress whi!h (2002) StriDe (uo (1999) 1e?uisites porar" 6arranto the (1993) ................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................... 9ill A%er (199)) en of (199#) ............................................................................................. (2001) States 1i,hts ((2*200)) .................................................................................. .................................................................................. ........................................................................... (199#) ............................................................... ................................................... 170 118 70 52 86 151 104 33 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: pro%i&es that su:;e!t to the ena!t ent of an Constitution: Constitutional Supre a!" (200#) ....................................... 15 $o%ern ent ) ee!a e. It "ay *e ) eely co+ied and di%t i*uted. It i% + i"a ily 3he ALTERNATI(E essential !hara!teristi!s ANS4ER: of a parlia entar" !reate&' an& e0ploitin,H !onser%in, an& ana,in, the is stren,thene& in the 1987 Constitution' ARTICLE (II E,e"-ti*e !e$art+ent ................................................................................ 86 -is!ipline; /ffe!t of Par&on $rante& in Fa%or of Pu:li! Affi!ers (1999) 134 -ou:le Non*5 /le!tion Court /ffe!ts >uris&i!tion So!ial of prison of >eopar&"; >usti!e; Protest; Philippine >usti!e ent of 7i >uris&i!tion @7<19 un&er for 1e?uisites 9ill itations Non*Pa" of the 1902 (1993) An Present (199)) (1999) >uris&i!tion (2001) ent ........................................................................................... ................................................................................ of Constitution -e:t ............................................................................ ................................................................................. (1999) (1993) (1992) .............................................. ...................................................... ................................................... 170 5ntFl 118 71 52 152 33 OesH the !on!ept of People Power is re!o,ni=e& in 10' <n&er +rti!le ME5' 2(2).................... the State is 104 i ple entin, lawH the Se!' people a" &ire!tl" Presi&ential For %s' Parlia entar" For (()*200)) ............................. 15 ARTICLE I 5n /MC7<S5E/ /CANA85C .AN/H the forthe of ,o%ern ent are: the fusion of the le,islati%e natural resour!esH whether li%in, or nonli%in,H +ppointin, Power; +!tin, %s' Per anent +ppoint ent (2003) ..................................... 86 -is!ipline; Pre%enti%e Suspension 4 +ppeal; entitle ent salar" pen&ente (2001) the Constitution' <n&er Se!tion 32' +rti!le E5 of the -ue Poli!e /0piration Court /le!te& 8an&ator" 6o Pro!ess; of Power; Affi!ial >usti!e; en of (2000) ter +:ate Perio& +:sen!e (1992) Parties; :ars ..................................................................................................................... ent .......................................................................................................... For ser%i!e Plea&in,s of of -e!i&in, Nuisan!e -enial thereof an& Cases (1999) (200#) (2000) Aral (1989) ........................................................................... +r,u ............................................................... ................................................................. ............................................................... ent (199#) .......................... 170 118 71 52 152 105 33 of an&ate& to pro ote respe!t for the peopleBs propose a to en& ents to the Constitution throu,h 1 New ri,hts are ,i%en e0pli!it re!o,nition !oastal State has so%erei,n for the the purpose an& e0e!uti%e :ran!hes in ri,hts parlia ent; prisu!h e the waters super;a!ent to the sea:e& an& of the Nationa Territory ........................................................................................... 16 +r!hipela,i! ConstitutionH throu,h initiati%e an& referen&u Hof the intended )o all t'o%e !'o de%i e to 'a,e a dee+e unde %tanding o) ri,hts a on, the (1992) e :ers of the ilitar" in the initiati%e' ............................................................................................................................................... 134 +ppointin, Power; a& interi appoint ents (1991) ........................................................ 86 -ue Poli!e Petition 5nternational /le!tin, ARTICLE Politi!al Pro!ess; Power; to Philippine -e!lare (uestion /I( Con%ention; 9an -eportation Ed-"ation3 Citi=enship Failure on (1992) 3o:a!!o 7aw of .................................................................................................... /le!tions; S"ien"e (199#) of ((8*200)) +the (1992) ....................................................................................... Sea and 1e?uisites (200#) ........................................................................ ....................................................................... Te"'no .......................................................... 4 ogy3 /ffe!ts ......................................... ......................... 171 71 52 105 153 34 asH the prohi:ition a,ainst &etention :" reason ofinisterH e0plorin, an& e0ploitin,H !onser%in, an& who is the hea& of ,o%ern entH an& the sea:e& an& Art% su:soilH an& re,ar&118 to other -o!trine (1989) ............................................................................................... 16with Conti,uous .one people !an &ire!tl" propose an& ena!t laws or perfor an!e of their &ut"' politi!al :eliefs an& aspirations' 3he wai%er of 8iran&a -is!ipline; Pre%enti%e Suspension (1990) ...................................................................... 134 +ppointin, Power; +& 5nteri +ppoint ents (199#) ....................................................... 87 -ue Poli!e Pre*Pro!la 5nternational /le!tin, Politi!al /&u!ation; Pro!ess; Power; Philippine (uestion ation Court .onin, +!a&e Forfeiture Contest Citi=enship; of >usti!e Ar&inan!e -o!trine i! Free&o (1987) Pro!ee&in,s ((9*200)) (1997) 6hen %s' ..................................................................................... (1987) Non*5 .................................................................................... Proper ......................................................................... (1993) ............................................................................ pair ((8*200)) ................................................................... ent of ............................................... Contra!ts (1989) ................ 171 119 72 53 105 153 35 ana,in, the natural resour!esH whether li%in, or e :ers of the !a:inetH are !hosen fro a ................................................. on, a!ti%ities for the e!ono i! e0ploitation an& %s' /0!lusi%e /!ono i!or .one (200#) 16 /0!lusi%e /!ono i! appro%e or re;e!t an" Pre%enti%e a!t or law part thereof ri,hts is now re?uire& to :e a&e in writin, with the -is!ipline; Suspension (2002) ...................................................................... 135 +ppointin, Power; +ppoint ents 1e?uirin, Confir ation; 1+ )972*<n!onstitutional -ue Poli!e Pre*Pro!la 5nternational Natural Politi!al /&u!ation; Pro!ess; Power; 9orn (uestion: ation 7aw Filipino .onin, 8e&ia +!a&e %s' Contest (1989) 8uni!ipal Ar&inan!e Separation Co%era,e i! Free&o (1988) ................................................................................................ 7aw; %s' ..................................................................................... &urin, of (1989) Non*5 Powers 3erritorial @earin, ............................................................................ pair (200#) Prin!iple; ent (199)) ........................................................... of Contra!ts 5nternational ................................................... (2001) Cri ................ es ((2* 119 72 53 153 106 35 Nat-re o# t'e Con%tit-tion: Con%tit-tiona non*li%in,H of the waters super;a!ent to the sea:e& the e :ers of parlia ent an& as su!h are e0ploration of the =one' (+rti!les 2) an& 27 of the t'e i%%ue% touc'ed *y t'e P'ili++ine Ba Exa"ination% and it% i! t .one; end. passe& :"1i,hts the Con,ress or use lo!al le,islati%e :o&" .one; of the Coastal State (199#) ..................................... 16 /0!lusi%e /!ono assistan!e of !ounsel' 3he of solitar"H P'i Con (200#) 875 Peo$ e Po1er 619877 S-$re+a"y 6899;7 /le!ti%e an& +ppointi%e Affi!ials: &is!iplinar" authorit" (200#) ................................... 135 an& of the sea:e& an& its su:soilH an& with re,ar& a!!ounta:le (2002) ...................................................................................................................................... to the latter; an& the pri e inister 87 -ue Pri%a!" Pre*Pro!la 2002) Natural Politi!al /&u!ation; Pro!ess; ..................................................................................................................................... 9orn of Co (uestion; ation Filipino +!a&e 8eetin, uni!ation Contest (1998) 3o i! %s' Settle Free&o %s' (2001) ................................................................................................ @earin, /le!tion +!tual ...................................................................................... (1993) (1999) Contests Contro%ersies ............................................................................ Con%ention ........................................................................ (1997) .............................................. on the ........................................... 7aw of the Sea') 171 120 53 72 153 106 35 after theuni!a&o re,istration of a petition therefor si,ne& :" in!o 1i,hts an& se!ret of the &etention Coastal pla!es State is ((1*2002) .............................. 17 Fla, Statetreat" %s' Fla, of 619<a7 9NN 1epu:li! has a &efense with toa" other for the e!ono i! e0ploitation :e a!ti%ities re o%e& fro offi!e :" a-e %ote of5ssues loss of /le!ti%e Pu:li! Affi!er; Fa!to Affi!er (2000) ............................................................ 135 +ppointin, Power; Cate,ories of Affi!ials (1999) ............................................................ 88 -ue Pri%a!" Pre*Pro!la 8an&ates Natural*9orn Politi!al /&u!ation; Pro!ess; of (uestions Correspon&en!e an& ation Filipino(1993) 3rust +!a&e Noti!e Contest; (1988) 3erritories :" i! Free&o .................................................................................................. Pu:li!ation Proper ................................................................................................. (1998) (2003) ;.................................................................................... /0tent ............................................................................ (1988) (199)) (1999) ...................................................................... .......................................................... .............................................................. 172 121 106 54 73 154 Pro 35 No ' ME555: 3he fra ers of the 1987 Constitution at least ten per !entu of the total nu :er of prohi:ite&H while the e0isten!e of su:stan&ar& an& It i% %+ecially intended )o la! %tudent% )............................................ o"+!!or&in, t'e + to o,ince% !'o& Con%enien!e (200#) ...................................................................... 17 3erritor" 41epu:li!Bs $o%ern ent /E+ Fe&eration' the an& e0ploration of the%s' =oneH su!h as the !onfi&en!e of parlia ent' 3here a" :e a hea& of /le!ti%e Pu:li! -e Fa!to Affi!er; effe!ts (200#) $raft +ppointin, Power; Gin&s of +ppoint ents (199#) ........................................................... 88 @a! -ue Pri%a!" Pro!ess; 8uni!ipal Naturali=ation; Ei!e /&u!ation; Pro!ess; of Cases 5lliterate 7aw Correspon&en!e; Can!ellation Per (1999) +lien Eoters 5nternational it/nrollees ............................................................................................... to (1987) Carr" of >ail Citi=enship 4 7aw ....................................................................................... Firear (1989) -onors (2003) ............................................................................ Autsi&e (1999) (1998) ................................................................... .................................................................. ........................................................... 1esi&en!e (()*200)) 1e 173 121 54 73 o%al 154 36 an& the people who ratifie& ........................ it 107 a&e136 sure that re,istere& %otersH of Affi!ers; whi!h e%er" le,islati%e &istri!t ina&e?uate penal fa!ilities is a&e the !on!ern of Se!retar" -efenseH the treat" allows porar" (199)) ........................................................................................... 17 3erritorial Sea %s'te 5nternal E," -%i*eof E"ono+i" @one5 Rig't% o# t'e pro&u!tion of ener," fro the waterH !urrents an& state who a" or a" not :e ele!te&' pro%isions institutionali=in, people 107 power were an& Corruption; Pres!ription of Cri e (2002) ...................................................... 136 +ppointin, Power; 7i itations on Presi&ential +ppoint ents (1997) ........................... 89 ust :e represente& :" at least per !entu -ue 1i,ht Pro!ess; Neutralit" 1esi&en!" /&u!ation; of Pro!ess; to 7ower +sse Prin!iple of 1e?uire States Court :l"; -uties PP+*Pilots of Per (1988) >u&,es ents; 5&e of three it State ................................................................................................. /le!ti%e +ppli!ation; Sonans (2001) (1993) in 1e Affi!ial (199#) ........................................................................................ ......................................................................... /&u!ation Free&o ..................................................................... ((9*2002) (1999) ParDs .................................................... ....................................................... ((2*200)) .............................. 173 121 1e%iew 73 54 154 36 le,islation' :asin, of frien&l" forei,n troops in !ase of trainin, Coa%ta State 6199;7 win&s in an area not e0ten&in, ore than 200 6aters (200#) ......................................................................... 17 ARTICLE II !e" aration o# ,e y o)ten& a >uris&i!tion e eci+ient% o) deli*e ately di%to ted note% )' 3he o" ot'e in!orporate& in the fun&a ental lawH 9riefl" of the re,istere& %oters thereof' <n&er Se!tion 1)H (1992) 5 pea!h ent; Cron"is (2000) ....................................................................................... 137 +ppointin, Powers; +& 5nteri +ppoint ents ((#*2002) .............................................. 90 2 3here is also re!o,nition of the ri,ht of /0e!uti%e -ue 1i,ht Pro!ess; Auter Status; /&u!ation; Pro!ess; to Spa!e; 5lle,iti +sse Stra" +!ts (199)) Fla, ate 9allot :l"; Pro!e&ural Chil& Per Salute .......................................................................................... (199#) it (1990) (2003) 1e?uire (1987) %s' ............................................................................................. .......................................................................................... Su:stanti%e ...................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ents (1999) ........................................................... ............................................................ 107 Super%ision; 174 121 74 55 155 37 e0er!ises for 18 the+r ware& on For!es; terroris 8a;orit" nauti!al iles :e"on& the :aseline fro whi!h the Prin"i$ e% and State Po i"ie% .......................................... Ser%ant of the &is!uss at5n least su!h pro%isions' No ' 11: thetwo &esire to i 3a0pa"erBs pro%e the fishin, +rti!le M555 of the ConstitutionH ri,ht of the e0pressionH an e0press prohi:ition a,ainst the use of 5 pea!h ent; $roun&s (1999) ......................................................................................... 137 Ca:inet 8e :ers; li itation on a!!eptin, a&&itional &uties 90 -ue 1i,ht 1e!all Prin!iple Status; Courts /&u!ation; Pro!ess; to (2002) 5lle,iti 4 +sse of its +uto*7i Personnel ....................................................................................................................... ate :l"; Pro%isional 1i,ht Chil&; Pu:li! itation tothe ((2*2002) Choose -ual 3ea!hers ((10*200)) Ar&er Citi=enship Profession ............................................................. (1991) (2000) .......................................................................... (199)) ............................................................................ ..................................................................... (2000) .......................................................... .............................................................. 108 174 122 74 55 Suit; 155 37 7ea&er of the(199)) Senate............................. !onten&s that whether territorial sea is easure&' Ather ri,hts in!lu&e ARTICLE I(2003) Nationa People ................................................................... 18 fisher -o!trine of 5n!orporation; people an& their or,ani=ations to effe!ti%e an& etho&s of the enH the 9ureau of tortureH a an&ate to the State to pro%i&e !o pensation 5 pea!h ent; Nature; $roun&s; P1)0) (1988) SU22ESTE! ......................................................... ANS4ER: 137 7aw Callin,*out Power; Presi&ent ((1*200)) ........................................................................... 91 -ue 1i,ht 3hree*3er 1e!ipro!it" Status; /&u!ation; Pro!ess; 7o!us to 7e,iti +sse %' Stan&i 7i Prin!iple ate 1i,ht Pu:li! :l"; it 1ule Chil& (1992) Pu:li! to S!hool (2001) of (ualit" (2003) .............................................................................. +uto*7i 3ea!hers .......................................................................................... 3ea!hers /&u!ation .......................................................................................... itation (2002) (2002) ((10*200)) (2003) ..................................................................... te porar" ................................................................ ................................................................. ................................................. or notH the :asin, 108 of forei,n 3er of troops 174 122 Affi!e; 56 74 156 37 the pro&u!tion of ener," fro the waterH !urrents un%c u+ulou% la! %c'ool% and %tudent%. #'a e to ot'e % t'i% !o ( Territory Ar"'i$e agi" 619897 FisheriesH with the appro%al of the Presi&entH reasona:le parti!ipation at !o"trine all le%els ofan& so!ialH Constitutional 7aw (1997) ...................................................... 18 -o!trine of 5n!orporation; Pa!ta an& reha:ilitation for %i!ti s of torture their howe%er frien&l" is prohi:ite& :" the137 Constitution an& win&sH of Pu:li! the esta:lish Affi!ers; ent Ne0t*in*1anD an& use of artifi!ial 1ule (199#) ......................................................... 7ia:ilit" -e!laration; State of Cala it"; 7e,al /ffe!ts 91 -ue 1i,ht 3hree*3er 1e!o,nition 6a"s >usti!es /&u!ation; Pro!ess; to of 3ra%el; 1ea!?uirin, (199)) of 7ii! States; 1a&io 3ea!hin, Ar&er it; ........................................................................................ fro Citi=enship of Station -e 8uni!ipalit" +rrest of Fa!to 1eli,ion (1987) (1991) %s' (2000) -e to (1999) .............................................................................. Newl"*Create& ................................................................................... >ure ........................................................................... .......................................................................... 1e!o,nition Cit" (1998) ((9*2002) 108 .................... Eotes re?uire& 122 174 75 56ent 156 for 38 No' 20: 6hat &o "ou un&erstan& :" the +rt' E5H ................................................ Se!' 1H while %estin, in Con,ress the politi!al an& e!ono &e!ision* aDin, shall not :e ((1*2002) entere& into a e .............................. oran&u of a,ree to fa ilies' Sunt Ser%an&a (2000) ................................................. 18 Free&o fro Nu!lear 6eapons; of 9NN whi!h pro%i&es thatH CNo forei,n ilitar" islan&sH installations an& stru!turesH arine ARTICLE (I Legi% ati*e !e$art+ent .............................................................................. 75 ar!hipela,i! &o!trineL 5s this refle!te& in the 1987 For -a a,es in Perfor an!e of Affi!ial Fun!tions (1990) ........................... 138 7o!al -e!laration; State of National / er,en!" ((1*200)) .................................................... 91 /nter -ue 1i,hts Ea!an!"; 1eparations /&u!ation; Pro!ess; of the &e!larin, /ffe!t +,ree +!!use&; 1epresente& Eali&it" Ei!e*8a"or a ent; law of Counsel Eali&it" un!onstitutional +!a&e :" +!tin, of a (1992) i! his Non*7aw"er 1e?uire +s Choi!e ......................................................................... 8a"or (199)) ((8*2002) ents (2002) (1988) .......................................... (199#) ............................................... ..................................................... .............................................. ................................................ 109 ARTICLE 123 175 56 156 38 I/ le,islati%e powerH nonetheless states that su!h allow 3hai fisher en to fish within 200 iles fro a:ri&,e&' 3he State shallH :" law fa!ilitate the 3 So e ri,hts ha%e :een e0pan&e&' For and you !illan& *e ic'ly8ilitar" e!a ded(1988) *y God in:e 'ea,en. It i% al%o ,e y Forei,n 9ases ................................. 189NN Philippine Fla, ((#* :ases shall allowe& in territor"'C 5n !ase s!ientifi! resear!h the prote!tion an& ConstitutionL +ppropriation of+!!use&; Pu:li! Fun&s (1988) ................................................................................ 75 /le!ti%e Affi!ials; 7i itations An +&&itional -uties (1992) ............................... 139 into Contra!t or $uarantee Forei,n 7oans (199#) ................................................ 91 /nter into -ue 1i,hts Ea!an!"; 1i,ht ARTICLE Pro!ess; to Con%tit-tiona of 5nno!ent the 1ule /(I of Su:stanti%e 2enera Passa,e Su!!ession Co++i%%ion% Presu Pro*i%ion% (1999) (2003) (1992) ption .................................................................................... ............................................................................... of ...................................................................................... .................................................................. .................................................................................. 5nno!en!e %s' Presu ption of 3heft 109 (200#) 1otational 123 175 57 38 !onfer ent of sea power shall su:;e!t to156 the esta:lish ent of a&e?uate !onsultation the Philippine !oasts on:e the !on&ition that instan!eH free a!!ess to !ourts now in!lu&es a!!ess to there is in&ee& an irre!on!ila:le !onfli!t :etween 200)) .................................................................................................... 19 Prin!iple of Ci%ilian preser%ation of the arine en%iron ent' (+rt' 2)H SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: reser%ation a&e in allowe& fa%or of the into people :" +ppropriation of+!!use&; Pu:li! Fun&s; -e:t Ser%i!in, (1992) .................................................... 75 APro!ess; :u&s an: Power to Suspen&; Pre%enti%e Suspension ............................. 139 Filipino fisher en (200#) :e to use 3hai fishin, e!hanis Contra!t s' or <n&er $uarantee Se!tion Forei,n 2' +rti!le 7oans ME55 of (1999) the ................................................ 92 /nter $eneral -ue 1i,hts Ea!an!"; 1i,ht S!he to of Pro%isions; e 3ransit the (1999) S9; 1ule Suspension an& ................................................................................................. 7o!al on 5nno!ent Su!!ession 1i,ht -iale!t of to Passa,e -ri%erBs 9ail (1987) (2002) (1993) ........................................................................ (200#) 7i!ense ...................................................................... ...................................................................... (1992) ..................................................... 109 Constitutional 156 124 176 57 +FP; 38 ?uasi*;u&i!ial :o&ies an& to a&e?uate le,al assistan!e' a .............................................................. pro%ision of the treat" an& 5a pro%ision of the <'N' Con%ention on the 7aw of the Sea) Supre a!" (()*200)) ....................................................................... 19 State unit" fro Suit 3he +1C@5P/7+$5C -AC315N/ e phasi=es -e !ould li(e to %ee( t'e indulgence o) t'e eade )o %o"e Ba good (a "a. pro%isions on initiati%es an& referen&u ' For this ConstitutionH the people a" &ire!tl" propose e?uip ent an& %esselsH an& to learn o&ern I/ Co++i%%ion on A-dit ............................................................................... 124 +ppropriation of Pu:li! Fun&s; Pu:li! Purposes (1988) ................................................. 75 # ARTICLE 3he A re?uire :u&s an; ents Power for interferin, to 5n%esti,ate with so (2003) e ..................................................................... 139 /0e!uti%e +,ree ents (2003) .......................................................................... 92 5 pose 3ariff li Co -ue 1i,hts itation Pro!ess; issions oflan& an& on the A:li,ation a!!eptin, +!!use&; 4 <r,ent Coun!il un&er a&&itional 1i,ht Pu:li! ((7*200)) <N to Nee& 9ail; Charter &uties ........................................................ Capital (1987) (199)) (1991) Affense ......................................................................... ................................................... ............................................................ ((#*200)) ................................. 109 an& ARTICLE 157 ARTICLE 176 I/ 58 Ci*i 39 ConstitutionH in a ;uris&i!tion le,al s"ste liDe the unit" of to an& waters throu,h :" &efinin, an (1991) ......................................................................................... 19 an& State 5 unit" fro Suit purposeH Con,ress is92 re?uire&H as earl" as te!hnolo," in fishin, !annin,' a en& ents the Constitution initiati%e ri,hts ha%e :een a&e ore stri!t' For instan!eH onl" CA+; >uris&i!tion (2001) .................................................................................................... 124 CA+; Co ission on +ppoint ents (2002) ............................................................................... 76 A :u&s an; Power to Suspen&; Pre%enti%e Suspension (199)) ............................. 140 1atesH 5 port an& /0port (uotas (1999) .................................................. 8artial 7aw 4 / 1i,hts Sour!es inent /(II Ser*i"e of A+end+ent% of the -o 5nternational +!!use&; Co++i%%ion ain; $arnish 1i,ht or 7aw; Re*i%ion% ........................................................................ to ent Pri 9ail; ar" (199#) -eportation .................................................................... 4 Su:si&iar" .............................................................................. Case Sour!es (1989) (2003) .................................... ........................ 109 Career 157 PeopleFs Ser%i!e; 177 58 39 ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: oursH whi!h shoul& pre%ail: the pro%ision of the ar!hipela,o either as twel%e a ,roup of islan&s possi:leH to pro%i&e for a s"ste of initiati%e of (199)) ......................................................................................... 20 State 5 unit" fro Suit upon a petition of at least per !entu of the ;u&,es !an now issue sear!h warrants or warrants of 8one" Clai s (1998) .............................................................................................. 124 -ele,ation of Powers (2002) .............................................................................................. 76 Power to 5ssue Su:poena; %ali&it" of &ele,ation .............................................. 140 SAE/1/5$N .ue%tion% Suspension 15$@3S of !'ic' 6rit R ofor for @a:eas a e :o&" purpose i"+ Corpus o+e of (1987) ly cla%%i)ied ........................................ unde 92 a 8artial to+ic 7aw; and )o 1) 5s the a,ree ent %ali&L treat" or(1989) ofa the ConstitutionL 6h"L /0plain with 5nitiati%e / inent 1i,hts So%erei,n of Chara!teristi!s (200#) the -o 5 +!!use&; ain; unit" ................................................................................................... $arnish ofthe (1999) States; 1i,ht to ent ........................................................................... +:solute 9ail; (1998) 8atter %s' .............................................................................. of 1estri!ti%e 1i,ht or (1998) 8atter .................................. of -is!retion 157 109 + ((7* Ci%il en& Ser%i!e 177 ents 40 surroun&e& :" waters a of waters referen&u where:" the 5people !an &ire!tl" total nu3here :er of re,istere& %otersH of whi!h e%er" (1989) ........................................................................................ 20 State unit" fro Suit arrest' ust :e a law authori=in, the /0e!uti%e e0plorin, an& e0ploitin,H !onser%in, an& reasonsH :riefl"' (2N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 5n ARTICLE / Lo"a 2o*ern+ent ..................................................................................... 125 -ele,ation of Powers; (()*2002) ....................................................................................... 76 Prohi:ition An /le!ti%e to @ol& Pu:li! Affi!e (2002) ........................................ 140 7i (2000) .......................................................................................... 93 8artial 7aw; an& Co /itations 2002) So%erei,nt" 1e%isions; inent ....................................................................................................................................... ission -o of %s' 8o&es ain; States; CA+ ithis (1997) (200#) Natural unit"Affi!er .................................................................. ..................................................................... fro <se suit of 3erritor" (2001) (1989) .................................................................... ................................................. 157 109 1/F/1/N-<8 Fun!tion 178 of 58CSC %s' 40 stu&&e& with islan&s' For purposeH it re?uires propose an& ena!t or or re;e!t an SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: le,islati%e &istri!t ust :e represente& :" at least -epart ent tonatural interfere with the pri%a!" of (199#) ......................................................................................... 21laws State 5appro%e unit" fro Suit Edited and Arranged by: ana,in, the resour!esH whether li%in, or !ase of !onfli!t :etween a pro%ision of125 a treat" that +ppoint :aselines ent of :e 9u&,et &rawn Affi!er; :" !onne!tin, !ontrol %s the super%ision (1999) .................................... -ele,ation of Powers; Co pleteness 3est; Suffi!ient Stan&ar& 3est (()*2002) ...... 77 Pu:li! Affi!e; Pu:li! 3rust (1998) ..................................................................................... 140 Suffi!ien!" the Fa!tual 9asis ((3*200)) ................................................ 94 Par&onin, Power; / 1i,hts So%erei,nt"; inent (199#) of 5N535+35E/ the -o ..................................................................................................... -efinition; +!!use&; ain; 5n&ire!t ((1*2002) 1i,ht Nature Pu:li! to .................................................................... ((10*200)) Spee&" 9enefit 3rial ................................................................... (1990) (2000) .............................................................. ...................................................... 110 157 $ACCs ARTICLE 6ithout 178 59 /(III 40 a!t or law part thereof passe& :" the Con,ress No' theor Presi&ent !annot authori=e the 9ureau three per !entu of the re,istere& %oters therein' %o"e to+ic% !'ic' a e i"+ o+e o igno antly +' )o t'e !o uni!ationH the li:ert" of a:o&eH an& the ri,ht toly1) (1992) ......................................................................................... 5a%ed& unit" fro Suit non*li%in,H ofpoints the sea:e& an& su:soil an& the an& a pro%ision of 21 theState ConstitutionH the pro%ision appropriate of the Couter ost islan&s to 9oun&ar" -ispute 1esolution; 7$<; 13CFs >uris&i!tion ((10*2002) ........................ 126 -is!ipline; 8o&es of 1e o%al (1993) ............................................................................... 77 1etire ent 9enefits (199)) ............................................................................................... 141 + nest" (1993) .................................................................................... 95 Par&onin, Power; / 1i,hts State Ari,inal inent 7ia:ilities of Tran%itory Charter the -o +!!use&; ain; (1992) %s' Pro*i%ion% >ust $ACCs ........................................................................................................ Self*5n!ri Co 6ith pensation .............................................................................. ination Ari,inal (1988) (1988) Charter or the .................................................................. ............................................................ (1998) le,islati%e ............. :o&ies 110 after >uris&i!tion the 158 re,istration 3ransitor" o%er 179 59 the of 40 a of Fisheries to enter into a e oran&u of tra%el :efore these ri,hts a" :e i paire& or !urtaile&'of the Constitution22 super;a!ent watersH an& with re,ar& to other shoul& pre%ail' Se!tion 2(2)(a)H (1999) ......................................................................................... State 5 at least unit" fro Suit en!ir!le the islan&s within the ar!hipela,o' 3he petition thereforH si,ne& :" 10N of the a,ree ent allowin, 3hai fisher en to fish within 9oun&ar" -ispute Settle ent; +uthorit"; >uris&i!tion (1999) ...................................... 126 -is!ipline; Suspension of a 8e :er of the Con,ress (2002) ....................................... 77 ARTICLE /II Nationa E"ono+y and Patri+ony ......................................................... 142 + nest" (1992) .................................................................................... 95 Par&onin, Power; / 1i,hts State inent Pro%isions; $ACCs So%erei,nt"; of the -o (1999) +!!use&; ain; Forei,n /ffe!ti%e >ust ................................................................................ Self*5n!ri 8ilitar" Co A!!upation; pensation 9ases ination (199)) (1989) 3erra (1990) ................................................... Nullius .................................................................. ............................................................ (2000) ................................... 111 >uris&i!tion 158 3ransitor" o%er 179 59 the 41 2 3he Constitution now pro%i&es that fro the a!ti%ities su!h as the pro&u!tion of ener," +rti!le E555 of 1987 Constitution authori=es the (1999) ......................................................................................... 22(200#) State 5.............. unit" fro Suit waters on the lan&war& si&e of the :aselines aut'o %of a e /u%t Ba Re,ie!ee% !'o 'a,e + the e+a t'i% !o ( !'ile total nu :er of re,istere& %otersH of whi!h e%er" the e0!lusi%e e!ono i! =one of the PhilippinesH Creation of New 7o!al $o%ern ent <nits; Ple:is!ite 1e?uire ent 126 -e suspension /le!te& Affi!ial; of the pri%ile,e -e Fa!to of the Affi!er writ of (200#) ha:eas .......................................................................... !orpus 78 +!?uisition an& 7ease of Pu:li! 7an&s (1998) ............................................................... 142 9rea!h Con&ition; 1e%o!ation ((2*2002) .................................... 95 ed Par&onin, Power; /0e! / 1i,hts Stateless $ACCs inent Pro%isions; (2003) the -o Persons; +!!use&; ain; ................................................................................ Forei,n >ust /ffe!ts; Self*5n!ri Co 8ilitar" Status; pensation 9ases ination 1i,hts (1988) (1998) (1992) (1992) ................................................... .................................................................. ............................................................ ......................................................... 111 8o&es of 1e 158 o%al PU&LIC 179 60 fro 41 the waterH !urrents an& win&s in an area not nullifi!ation of a treat" when it !onfli!ts with the (Silliman University College of re,ar&less of :rea&th or &i ensions are erel" (1987) ......................................................................................... 22 State 5 represente& unit" %s' 6ai%er of le,islati%e &istri!t ust :e :" at least :e!ause the Constitution reser%es to Filipino &oes noten!"; suspen& the ri,ht to :ailH thus resol%in, a Fa!to Pu:li! Corporations; /ffe!t (200#) .................................................................. 126 /le!toral 3ri:unal; @1/3 8e :ersF 1i,ht 4 1esponsi:ilities (2002) .......................... 78 +!?uisition of 7an&s (1987) ............................................................................................... 142 Cle Par&on (1992) ......................................................... 95 Par&onin, Power; /0e!uti%e / 1i,hts 3erritorial inent INTERNATIONAL of Affi!e the -o Sea +!!use&; (1993) ain; %s' 5nternal 7e,al ............................................................................ Self*5n!ri LA4 5nterest 6aters ........................................................................................ ination (200#) (1993) ....................................................................... (2000) ............................................................................ ............................................................ 111 of 158 5n&ire!t 60 9asi! 41 e0ten&in, ore than 200 nauti!al iles :e"on& Constitution' ($on=ales %' 1e!ei%in, @e!hano%aH 9180 SC1+ internal waters' Law)J ly 26! 3N of 200" the re,istere& %oters' (5&'H se!' 32) 3he 5 unit" (1997) ................................................................ !iti=ens the use an& 22 State en;o" 5 ent unit" of the fro e0!lusi%e Suit &o!trinal &ispute of lon, stan&in,' e,ie!ing )o t'e Ba Exa"% unde ti"e con%t aint% and !it'in t'ei -e%olution of Power (1999) ............................................................................................... 126 /le!toral 3ri:unal; Senate; >uris&i!tion (1990) ................................................................ 79 +!?uisition of 7an&s (2000) ............................................................................................... 143 the :aseline fro whi!h the territorial sea is Cle (1997) ............................................................... 96 Par&onin, Power; /0e!uti%e 230 P19)3Q)' / en!" 1i,hts <se inent of Co of For!e; -o the Prin!iples pensation +!!use&; ain; /0!eptions Non*o:ser%an!e in (1997) Pu:li! Self*5n!ri (2003) ................................................................... 5ntFl ...................................................................................... 7aw ination of (1991) the ((7*200)) poli!" ...................................................................... of ...................................................... Call or of noneC 111 (2000) Se!urit" ...................... of 180 3enure 61 158 42 P'i Con 875 Peo$ e Po1er 6899:7 Constitution also pro%i&es that throu,h initiati%eH e!ono i! =one the Philippines' (1993) ......................................................................................... 23 State Prin!iples 4 Poli!ies ) easure&' 3he suspension of the pri%ile,e of the writ of (See +rt'1ole 2)H <NC7AS) >uris&i!tionH Fran!hise; prior appro%al of 7$< ne!essar" (1988) ..................................................... 126 7aw Forei,n +ffairs; of @ouse of 1ep (199)) .................................................................. 79 OesH theen!" ar!hipela,i! &o!trine is refle!te& in the +!?uisition of 7an&s :" @ere&itar" Su!!ession (2002) ................................................ 143 Cle (1999) ............................................................... 96 Par&onin, Power; Gin&s (1988) / Sear!hes <se inent Constituti%e of .................................................................................................. For!e; -o an& Prin!iple ain; Sei=ure; 3heor" Power Pri%ate %s' Non*5nter%ention to -e!larator" /0er!ise 5n&i%i&uals (2002) 3heor" ((8*2002) (199#) .................................................................... (200#) ....................................................... ................................................... ....................................................... 112 Se!urit" of 3enure 181 61 ((2* 160 42 upon a petition of at least 8atters 12N ofofthe total ha:eas !orpus an& the pro!la ation of artial law (199#) ...................................................................................... 23 3ransparen!"; Pu:li! No 5 *5s Cpeople powerC re!o,ni=e& :" the 1987 inter aliaH with re,ar& to: 1987 Constitution' +rti!le 5Hele!ti%e Se!tion 1 pro%i&es fi0in, the ter s of lo!al offi!ials ((#*200)) ............................................. 127 Forei,n +ffairs; 1ole of Senate (199#) .............................................................................. 79 U#$ate$ +!?uisition of 7an&s; Citi=enship issue (1989) .............................................................. 143 (1988) .......................................................................................... 96 Par&onin, Power; Par&onH 2002) / Sear!hes <se inent Conti,uous of ........................................................................................... For!e; -o an& 1i,ht ain; Sei=ures; .one Pu:li! of %s' Self*&efense +liens /0!lusi%e <se (2001) (1987) /!ono (2002) .............................................................................. .................................................................................. .................................................................... i! .one (200#) 112 .............................................. Se!urit" of 3enure; 8eanin, 182 61 160 42 nu :ers of re,istere& %otersH of whi!h e%er" li"ited (no!ledge o) t'e la!. -e !ould li(e to %ee( t'e eade 0% ha%e :een li ite& to si0t" ()0) &a"s an& are now ConstitutionL /0plain full"' 5nterest (1989) .............................................................. 3ransparen!"; 8atters of Pu:li! (1)Ar&inan!e; the esta:lish ent an& of use of artifi!ial Se!tion 2' 24 +rti!le M55 of the Constitution pro%i&es: that the national territor" the Philippines <se 4 7ease of Properties; Pu:li! <se (1997) .......................................... 127 5n%esti,ations in +i& of 7e,islation (1992) ........................................................................ 79 7aw +!?uisition of 7an&s; Citi=enship issue (199#) .............................................................. 144 Con&itional (1997) ................................................................ 97 Presi&ent; Parti!ipation; le,islati%e &istri!t ust :e represente& :" at least / Sear!hes <se inent -iplo of For!e; (1999) -o an& ati! Self*-efense; ain; Sei=ures; ................................................................................ 5 unit" So!iali=e& 9reathal"=er (2000) 6a,in, @ousin, .............................................................................................. 6ar 3est (199)) (1998) (1992) ................................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... 113 ARTICLE I/ CO0ELEC 182 62 160 43 su:;e!t to the power of Con,ress to re%oDe' 5n %y& J3he State shall 25 islan&sH installations an& stru!tures; prote!t the nationBs arine part in 5nterest (2000) .............................................................. ARTICLE III &i o# Rig't% in!lu&es the Philippine ar!hipela,oH with all the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3N of the re,istere& %otersFor+ thereinH a en& ents Ar&inan!e; Eali&it"; Closure or 7ease of Properties for Pu:li! <se (2003) .............. 127 8aDin,; Pro!ess 4 Pu:li!ation (1993) ...................................................................... 80 7aw* +!?uisition of 7an&s; Citi=enship issue (1992) .............................................................. 144 7e,islati%e Pro!ess (199)) ....................................................... 97 Presi&ential 5 unit" fro .................................................................................................... / Sear!hes <se inent -iplo of For!e; -o an& ati! 6hen ain; Sei=ures; 5 6rit unit" allowe& 5 of (2001) Possession e&iate (1988) Control ................................................................................ (1993) (1987) .................................................................... ........................................................ 113 /le!toral 3ri:unal; Fun!tions 183 62 160 43 a&&itionH the Supre e Court is ,i%en the.............................................................................................. ;uris&i!tionH 2o*ern+ent Pre%identia *%= Par ia< (2) arine s!ientifi! resear!h; its ar!hipela,i! watersH territorial seaH an& islan&s an& waters ea:ra!e& therein; an& the indulgence )o lot o) ty+og a+'ical e o % in t'i% !o (. ................................................................................................... 25 9ill of +ttain&er '#ril 19! 2007 to the Constitution a" :e &ire!tl" propose& :" upon the petition of an" !iti=en to &eter ine the Ar&inan!e; Eali&it"; Co pensation; 3ortuous +!t of an / plo"ee (199#) ............... 127 8aDin,; +ppropriation 9ill (199)) .............................................................................. 80 7aw* +!?uisition of 7an&s; Prohi:ition; a!?uisition of pri%ate lan&s :" aliens (199#) ....... 145 Suit (1997) ............................................................................. 97 Prohi:ition +,ainst 8ultiple 4 /?ual Sear!hes 6ar; Co -iplo Co position Prote!tion; an& :atantsI ati! ((2*200)) Sei=ures; 5 Prisoners +lien unit" .............................................. 5n!i&ental (2003) / of plo" 6ar .............................................................................................. to ent %s' Eali& 8er!enaries (1989) Sear!h ..................................................................... 113 (1990) (1993) Fair ........................................... /le!tion; ...................................... /?ual Spa!e 183 4 62 3i 161 44 e CPeople powerC is re!o,ni=e& in the Constitution' +entary For+ 6>?<899?7 (3) prote!tion an& preser%ation of the the an& e0!lusi%e e!ono i! =oneH an& reser%e its use an& waters the aroun&H :etweenH an& !onne!tin, (1987) .......................................................................................................... 25 9ill of +ttain&er the people' suffi!ien!" of the fa!tual :asis of the suspension of the Ar&inan!e; Eali&it"; 7o!al 3a0ation %s' Spe!ial +ssess ent (1987) ......................... 128 1' a) 6hat isFilipino the prin!ipal i&entif"in, feature of 8aDin,; +ppropriation 7aw; +uto ati! 1enewal 4 ............................................................. Power of +u, entation Citi=enship ent in 8ana,e ent of +&%ertisin, 5n&ustr" (1989) ................. 145 Positions 4 +&&itional Co pensation ................. 97 Prohi:ition a,ainst 8ultiple arine /?ual Sear!hes 6ilson in en%iron 8e&ia -iplo Prote!tion; &o!trine an& ent' (1989) ati! Sei=ures; 51e?uire %s' ..................................................... unit" 5n%i&ious /stra&a Pla!e (200#) &o!trine -is!ri of .............................................................................................. Sear!h (200#) ination (2001) ................................................................... (1987) 113 ........................................................... $rant of Par&on in /le!tion Affenses 184 63 161 44 en;o" ent to !iti=ens'C islan&s of the ar!hipela,oH re,ar&less of(2002) their (1990) .......................................................................................................... 26 Custo&ial pri%ile,e of the writ of ha:eas !orpus an& the T'e Aut'o % a presi&ential for of ,o%ern entL /0plain' A!0INISTRATI(E LA4 ....................................................................................................... 184 Ar&inan!e; Eali&it"; Pre%entin, 5 oralit" (1987) ........................................................ 128 (1998) ...................................................................................................................................... 80 7aw* /n,a,e ent in 9usiness 4 /0er!ise of Profession (1987) .......................................... 145 Positions :" $o%Ft Affi!ials (1987) .................................... 98 Suspension of 6rit of @a:eas /?ual Sear!hes -iplo Prote!tion; an& ati! (1991) Sei=ures; 5 unit"; ................................................................. 5n%i&ious sear!h + :assa&or -is!ri a&e ination :" ((3*2002) a pri%ate (1987) ............................................................... !iti=en ........................................................... 114 (1993) >u&i!ial ................................ 1e%iew of -e!isions 63 162 45 :rea&th an& &i ensionsH for part of the internal +rti!le 555H Se!tion # of the 1987 Constitution Se!tion 7H +rti!le M555 ofthat the the Constitution pro%i&es: pro!la ation of /0haustion artial law' 5n%esti,ation; /0tra;u&i!ial Confession (2001) ............................................... 26 Custo&ial (2'2N) +rtH M555H se!' 12 states state shall respe!t +& in 7aw; of +& inistrati%e 1e e&ies (1991) ....................................... 184 Ar&inan!e; Eali&it"; <tili=ation 4 -e%elop ent; National 6ealth (1991) .................. 128 8aDin,; +ppropriation 7aw; 1i&er Pro%ision (2001) ............................................... 81 7aw* waters of the Philippines' /0ploration an& -e%elop ent of 8inerals (199#) ......................................................... 146 Corpus (1997) .................................................................. 99 /?ual Sear!hes -iplo Prote!tion; an& ati! (2001) Sei=ures; 5 the ................................................................................ Poli!e unit"; sear!h + Power :assa&ors a&e (2000) (1990) a .............................................................................. pri%ate .................................................................... !iti=en (2002) 114 ................................ 1e o%al fro Affi!e; 64 162 45 ,uarantees the ri,ht of people pea!ea:le to:" C3he State shall prote!t the ri,hts of su:sisten!e /0tra;u&i!ial Confession; Poli!e SU22ESTE! 7ine*<p ANS4ER: (199#) ................... 26 Custo&ial the ....................................................... role of in&epen&ent peopleBs or,ani=ation to ARTICLE (III .-di"ia !e$art+ent .................................................................................... 99 +& in5n%esti,ation; 7aw; /0haustion of +& inistrati%e 1e e&ies (2000) ....................................... 184 Ar&inan!es; Eali&it"; + en&in, NatFl 7aws (1988) 128 8aDin,; Forei,n +ffairs; 3reaties (199)) .................................................................. 81 7aw* asse :le an& petition the ,o%ern ent for re&ress /0propriation of Pu:li! <tilities (1992) ............................................................................ 146 Co /?ual Sear!hes -iplo issioners Prote!tion; an& ati! Sei=ures; 5(1998) 1i,ht unit"; ................................................................ Eali& to Co%era,e /&u!ation 6arrantless ((3*2002) (199#) Sear!h .................................................................... .................................................................... (2000) ............................................ 114 1i,ht to Eote; >uris&i!tion 64 163 45 fisher enH espe!iall" of lo!al !o unitiesH to 3he prin!ipal i&entif"in, feature of a presi&ential ena:le the to pursue an& prote!tH within the the 5n%esti,ation; Poli!e 7ine*<p (1997) ................................................................ 27 Custo&ial Contig-o-% @one *%= E," -%i*e E"ono+i" of ,rie%an!es' Cases to :e @ear& /n 9an!; Supre e Court (1999) ...................................................... 99 +& in 7aw; /0haustion of +& inistrati%e 1e e&ies %s -o!trine of Pri ar" >uris&i!tion Ar&inan!es; Eali&it"; $a :lin, Prohi:ition (1992) ........................................................ 129 preferential use of the !o unal arine an& 8aDin,; A%erri&in, the Presi&ential Eeto (1991) .................................................... 81 7aw* 7ease of Pri%ate +,ri!ultural 7an&s (2001) .................................................................... 146 /?ual Sear!hes -iplo Prote!tion; an& ati!(2001) Sei=ures; 5 Su:si&iar" unit"; ..................................................................................... Eisual -iplo Sear!h 5 ati! prison /n%o" (1992) ent an& ................................................................ (1989) Consular ......................................................... 114 ...................... E 65 La1% 164 45 for of ,o%ern ent is e(1992) :o&ie& ine"tion theCusto&ial separation &e o!rati! fraAffi!ers eworDH their le,iti ate an& @one 6899;7 5n%esti,ation; 1i,ht to Counsel (1988)(1991) ............................................................ 27 fishin, resour!esH :oth inlan& an& offshore' 5t shall Conte pt Powers (199)) ..................................................................................................... 99 (199)) .............................................................................................................. 185 +& in 7aw; Ar&inan!es; Eali&it"; of ............................................................................. Penalties ..................................................... 129 8aDin,; Passa,e of a7i 7aw (1988) 82 7e,islati%e National /!ono " itation 46ai%er Patri on"; Constitutional Prohi:ition (200#) ............................. 147 Free&o Sear!hes ........................................................................................................................ -iplo an& of ati! /0pression; Sei=ures; 5 unit"; -iplo Censorship of ati! Consent /n%o" (2003) an& (1989) ..................................................................... Consular ........................................................ Affi!ers (1997) 114 ...................... 2n& Pla!er 65 1ule 165 46 +rti!le E5H Se!tion 32 of the 1987 Constitution of powers &o!trine' /a!h &epart ent of !olle!ti%e interests an& aspirations throu,h (2*a*2) -istin,uish: 3he !onti,uous =one an& the ............................................................ 5n%esti,ation; 1i,ht to Counsel (1993) 27 Custo&ial pro%i&e support to su!h fisher en throu,h Finalit" of Eoi& >u&, ents (1993) ...................................................................................... 99 /0haustion of +& inistrati%e 1e ....................................................................................... e&ies; /0!eptions (1991) ................. 185 +& in 7aw; Ar&inan!es; Eeto Power (199)) 129 Power; Pres' +?uinoFs 3i e (1990) ............................................................... 82 7e,islati%e National Patri on"; &efinition (1999) .............................................................................. 147 re?uires Con,ress to pass a law allowin, the ,o%ern ent e0er!ises powers ,rante& to the it :" the Free&o Sear!hes /0!lusi%e (2003) an& of ..................................................................................................... /0pression; /!ono Sei=ures; i! 6arrantless .one Prior (2000) 1estraint ..................................................................................... +rrests (1988) (1993) ............................................................... ...................................................... 114 2n& Pla!er 66 1ule 165 46 pea!eful lawful eans' For this purposeH e0!lusi%e e!ono i! =one' SU22ESTE! 5n%esti,ation; 1i,ht to Counsel (2000) ............................................................ 28 Custo&ial appropriate te!hnolo," an& resear!hH a&e?uate Fis!al +utono " (1999) ..................................................................................................... 100 >u&i!ial 1e%iew of +& inistrati%e +!tion (2001) ...................................... 186 +& in 7aw; people to &ire!tl" propose an& ena!t laws Constitution an& a" not !ontrolH interfere with or ,uarantees to su!h or,ani=ations the Poli!e Power; (1992) ............................................................................................... 130 Powers (1989) ................................................................................................... 82 7oans /0ten&e& Nationali=e& +!ti%ities (199#) ............................................................................................ 147 Free&o Sear!hes (1990) /0e!uti%e ...................................................................................................... an& of77-+ 1eli,ion; +,ree Sei=ures; ents; Con%i!te& 6arrants 9in&in, of Prisoners /ffe!t +rrest(2003) (1991) (1989) ................................................................ ........................................................ .......................................................... 115 2n& Pla!er 1ule; 66 165 46 in ANS4ER: CAN35$<A<S .AN/ is a =one finan!ialH pro&u!tionH an& arDetin, assistan!eH 5n%esti,ation; 1i,ht to Counsel; 1e!eipt of Propert" Sei=e& (2002) ........... 28 Custo&ial throu,h an& to appro%e or re;e!t an" a!t en!roa!h upon the a!ts &one within the ri,ht to ............................................................ parti!ipate at all le%els of so!ialH politi!al ARTICLE I( Citi)en%'i$ ..................................................................................................... 66 Fun!tion; Continuin, Constitutional Con%ention (2000) 100 >u&i!ial 1e%iew of +& inistrati%e -e!isions (1988) ................................ 186 +& in 7aw; Power to Su:poena 4 Cite For Conte pt (1993) ............................................... 130 to 8einitiati%e :ers of Con,ress (1991) ........................................................... 82 8ulti*Part" S"ste Awnership 1e?uire ent of 8ass 8e&ia (1989) 148 !onti,uous to5ssue the territorial sea an& e0ten&s up (uo Free&o 6arranto /0tra&ition 1eli,ion; Cases %s' -eportation (1992) Fla, .......................................................... Salute (1993) (1997) .................................................................................... .......................................................................... 115 2n& Pla!er 1ule; 1ule 166 47 of an& other ser%i!es' 3he State shall also prote!tH 5n%esti,ation; 1i,hts (1990) ............................................................................... 29 Custo&ial or 12 lawnauti!al or part of it passe& :" Con,ress or lo!al !onstitutional peten!e of +& the others' @owe%erH an& e!ono i!!o &e!ision* aDin, an& the state is +!tion for Can!ellation; Pres!ription 4 /ffe!t of -eath (199#) ...................................... 66 5ssuan!e of 1estrainin, Ar&ers an& 5n;un!tions (1992) ............................................... 100 8eanin, of J$o%ern ent of the PhilippinesK (1997) ............................... 187 in 7aw; to iles fro the territorial sea an& Power; / inent -o ain; 7$<; 1i,ht to /0er!ise ((10*2002) .................................... 131 (1999) ................................................................................................... 83 Non*7e,islati%e Powers Chinese en,a,in, ina retail tra&e ((#*200)) .................................................... 148 Free&o /0tra&ition; Su!!ession of !iti=ens; 1eli,ion; -o!trine (199)) Fla, of ................................................................ Spe!ialt" Salute (2003) (1993) .......................................................................... ......................................................................... 115 +ppre!iation of 9allots 166 48 &e%elopH an& !onser%e su!h resour!es' 3he le,islati%e :o&"' the Constitution also ,i%es ea!h &epart ent !ertain re?uire& to %ali&ate the 5n%esti,ation; 1i,hts (1993) ............................................................................... 29 Custo&ial o%er whi!h the !oastal state a" e0er!ise Citi=enship; /le!te& Affi!ial (1993) .................................................................................... 67 -ual >u&i!ial 4 9ar Coun!il (1988) ............................................................................................ 101 Power of the Presi&ent to 1eor,ani=e +& ent inistrati%e Stru!ture (2003) Powers of 9aran,a" +sse :l" (2003) ............................................................................ 131 (1988) .......................................................................................... 83 Non*7e,islati%e Powers; /0plorationH &e%elop entH an& utili=ation of natural resour!es ((#*200)) ............... 148 Free&o (199#) /0tra&ition; ........................................................................................... of 1eli,ion; /ffe!ti%it" Non*/sta:lish of treat" (199)) ............................................................................. Clause prote!tion (1988) shall ............................................... e0ten& 116 -is?ualifi!ation; to offshore fishin, $roun&s ,roun&s 166 48 powers :" whi!h it 5n%esti,ation; 1i,hts (199)) ............................................................................... 30 !ontrol ne!essar" to ............................................................................................................................................... 187 +lle,ian!e %s' -ual Citi=enship (1987) .................................................................... 67 >u&i!ial 4 9ar Coun!il (1999) ............................................................................................ 101 of Powers; 7i,a n, ,a1e?uisites 9aran,a" (2003) ........................................................................... 13148 167 / Free&o er,en!" Powers; (1997) ................................. 83 ARTICLE /III So"ia .-%ti"e and ...................................................................................... H-+an Rig't% ......................................................... 148 /0tra&ition; of 1eli,ion; $roun&s Non*/sta:lish (2002) (1991) .............................................................................................. ent Clause (1992) ............................................... 116 BAR Q&A (as arranged by Topics) POLITICAL LAW (19 !"#$$%)

F O OF RW ARD TABLE CONTENTS

POLITICAL LAW
ARRANGED BY TOPIC

(1987 2006)
Atty. Janette LagguiIcao and Atty. Alex And e! P. Icao

Ro"ualdo L. #e$e i% II& LLB.

(rom t)e '*S+,-S ./ 0'- ,1'23*'.3/* 4U,S.3/*Sin 5/L3.3C'L L'+ %y t)eUP LAW COMPLEX an$ PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF LAW SCHOOLS

seeDin, throu,h + !o for :at er :oots the pa" senator territorial ent at <'S' ha& for a sea' S30 sai&H par!el per (+rti!le Cit of is pair !o lan& 1# &eli%ere& pletel" whi!h of the the in No' su!h 1; as 6hat low or &o non*e0istent "ou un&erstan& ta0ation :" the or low C-o!trine the fla, ust :e re!o,ni=e& :" lawH it iof plies Consent to the e0er!ise of ;uris&i!tion a forei,n Con%ention >aDarta national on ,o%ern or on :efore the ent 7aw 30 utili=e& of A!to:er the for Sea') a 1990' roa& 3he wi&enin, operatin, !osts althou,h the ship has no ,enuine wron,H if not erroneousHC an& Cis an a en& ent of that 5n!orporationC !ertain aspe!ts in Constitutional of the fla, are 7awL su:;e!t to !ourt &oes not in!lu&e wai%er of the separate SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !ontra!t pro;e!t' was awar&e& the 8inistr" of the linD with that (@arrisH (9rownlieH Cases an& Prin!iples of of the Constitution :" :" isinterpretation'C So +r e " !han,e throu,h le,islati%e a!tion' i unit" fro state' e0e!ution' 8aterials on 5nternational 7awH e&'H #22') (1) Can the ,o%ern ent in%oDe the &o!trine of :" <n&er to 8ariDina Se!tion 1H +rti!le Corporation 5 of the an& 1987 was ConstitutionH si,ne& 3he -AC315N/ AF 5NCA1PA1+35AN eans e :ers ofShoe the 7ower @ouse a,ree with Pu:li! 5nternational 7awH #th2th e&'H p' 1998H 3##') p' 3husH in non*suita:ilit" of the stateL the parties 5N3/1N+7 in >aDarta' 6+3/1S 8ariDina of Shoe the Corporation Philippines that the%s' rules of 5nternational law for part of the Prin"i$ e o# Ci*i ian %s' S-$re+a"y 6>?<899?7 Se!retar" Ar&one=H while others la ent the -e0ter Carpenter Gun,li, Territory B 2o*ern+ent 6199?7 (2) 5n !onne!tion with the pre!e&in, was a:le to &eli%er onl" 200H000 pairs of !o :at !onsist of the aroun&H :etween an& law 2' 6hat of the Constitutional lan& #3 an& pro%isions no le,islati%e institutionali=e a!tion latterBs opinion as waters C?uestiona:leH unfortunateH an& >arn%a,sst"relsenH Fe& 702H it was hel& the is No' prin!iple 8: +to law was passe& &i%i&in, the Philippines ?uestionH !an the propert" owner ,arnish pu:li! :oots inan" >aDarta :" A!to:er an& it !onne!tin, the islan&s of1990 the Philippine re?uire& the to of aDe !i%ilian the supre appli!a:le a!"L (2'2N) to a !ountr"' without :asis at30 all'C -o "ou or &o "ou not !onsent :e sue& &oes not ,i%e !onsent to the into three re,ions (7u=onH this Eisa"asH an& 8in&anao)H fun&s to satisf" hisfor !lai for entL /0plain re!ei%e& pa" ent 100H000 pairs or a total of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: +r!hipela,oH ofpa" their :rea&th an& 3he Philippines follows &o!trineH :e!ause a,ree with the re,ar&less afore entione& rulin, of the atta!h ent of the propert" of a so%erei,n ea!h !onstitutin, an state e0!ept on "our answers' <'S' S3H000H000'00' 3he 8inistr" ofin the +r " 3he followin, !onstitutional pro%isions &i ensionsH in!lu&in, the waters :a"sH ri%ers Se!tion 2' +rti!le 55 ofin&epen&ent the Constitution states that -epart ent of >usti!eL 6h"L ,o%ern ent' atters of forei,n relationsH &efense an& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: pro to pa" for the of other 100H000passa,e pairs institutionali=e the prin!iple of national !i%ilian supre a!": an& ise& laDes' No ri,ht inno!ent for the Philippines a&opts the ,enerall" a!!epte& national ta0ationH whi!h are %este& State I++-nity #ro+ S-it 6199?7 SU22ESTE! (1) NoH the ,o%ern ANS4ER: !annot in%oDe the alrea&" &eli%ere& asent soon the re ainin, forei,n %essels e0ists inas the !ase of &o!trine internal prin!iples of international law as part in of the the Central law of ,o%ern ent' 5s the law %ali&L /0plain' No' ); 3he 1epu:li! of the (for Palau of state of iConstitution unit" fro suit'an& +s hel& in if 8inisterio No' 3he that forei,n 1 Ci%ilian authorit" is 9alau at all ti es erl" supre e 300H000 pairs of !o Cases :at pro%i&es :oots are &eli%ere&H at on waters' (@arrisH 8aterials the lan&' 5slan&s) operate& in 8anila %s' Court ofthe First 5nstan!e of Ce:uH #0 SC1+ ilitar" troops or fa!ilities are 5nternal to#)#H :e o%er the opene& ilitar"' an& P+rti!le 55H Se!tion 3Q an offi!e whi!h ti :asesH e sai& 300H000 pairs will also :e pai& 5nternational 7awH 2th e&'H 1998H p' #07') SU22ESTE! en,a,e& in tra&in, 9alau with Philippine when the ,o%ern ent e0propriates for of !o"trine o# ANS4ER: In"or$oration5 Pa"ta allowe& after the e0piration of propert" the present 2 3he installation of pro&u!ts the Presi&entH the S-nt for' 8ariDina Shoe Corporation to &eli%er waters are the waters on thefaile& lan&war& si&e 3he law &i%i&in, the as Philippines into three pro&u!ts' 5n one transa!tionH the lo!al an&er*in* :u"er pu:li! use!o without pa"in, !o pensationH it in Ser*anda 689997 Philippine*+ eri!an 8ilitar" 9ases ent hi,hest !i%ilian authorit"H the Co an" ore :at :oots' :aselines fro whi!h the ;ust :rea&th of+,ree the territorial re,ionsH ea!h !onstitutin, an in&epen&ent state !o plaine& that the 9alau ,oo&s &eli%ere& hi of !annot its Cun&er i (Bro&n'ie( unit" fro Princip'es the suit' No M' 3he Philippines has :e!o e a 18Q e to :er Chief of the ilitar"' P+rti!le E55H Se!tion 1991H ust :e a treat" &ul" !on!urre& in sea isitin%oDe !al!ulate&' o) P*b'ic an& %estin, in a !entral ,o%ern ent of were su:stan&ar& an& he sue& e the:ers 1epu:li! An AtherwiseH 1 >une 1991H the ri,ht the ,uarantee& 1epu:li! in 5n&onesia Se!tion 9H file& so the 6orl& 3ra&e Ar,ani=ation (63A) an& 3 3he re?uire ent that ofatters theof +FP :" the Senate an&H when the Con,ress In+erna+iona' La&( ,+ed.( 199$(of p. 1#$.) forei,nto relationsH national an& national 9alauH :efore the 1e,ional 3rial Court of Pasi,H an +rti!le a!tion 555 of :efore the 1987 the 1e,ional Constitution that Court pri%ate of!ast Pasi,' resultantl" a,ree& that &efenseH itthe Cshall ensure the swear uphol& an& &efen& ConstitutionH whi!h re?uiresH ratifie& :" a a;orit" 3rial of the %otes :" ta0ationH is un!onstitutional' for &a fun&a a,es' a) @ow !an the !i%il 1epu:li! of 9alau propert" shall not :e taDen for pu:li! use without 1i=alH to !o pel 8ariDina Shoe Corporation to !onfor it" of its lawsH re,ulations is the ental law of the ,o%ern ent' an& the people in a national referen&u 'C (+rt' ME555H in%oDe its so%erei,n i unit"L /0plain' :) 6ill as ;ust !o pensation will :e ren&ere& nu,ator"' perfor the :alan!e of its o:li,ations un&er the a& P+rti!le inistrati%e ME5H Se!tion pro!e&ures 2(1)Q with its o:li,ations se!' 22) + ere a,ree entH thereforeH not a ARTICLE II !e" aration o# FirstH &efense it 3he %iolates +rti!le 5H i whi!h ,uarantees the su!h of so%erei,n unit" prosperL !ontra!t an& forthe &a !on!urren!e a,es' 5n its of +nswerH 8ariDina pro%i&e& # in re?uire the anne0e& ent that +,ree e :ers ents'C of the 3his +FP is treat"H without at least 2I3 of Prin"i$ e% and State Powill i"ie% inte,rit" of respe!t the national territor" of the /0plain' Shoe Corporation sets upSenate a !ounter!lai shall ha%e for peopleBs ri,hts in Philippines the assaile& as un!onstitutional :e!ause this all the e :ers of the not for :e <'S' %ali& :e!ause it &i%i&e& Philippines intoi three (2) NoH the owner !annot ,arnish pu:li! fun&s to perfor an!e of their &ut"' P+rti!le ME5Han& Se!tion S3H000H000'00 representin, the pa" ent for the un&ertaDin, un&ul" lithe itsH restri!ts pairs (+rt' E55H se!' 21H +rt' ME555H se!' #)' 6ith respe!t Ar+ed For"e%5 Ser*ant o# t'e Peo$ e 6899:7 states' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: satisf" his !lai of for pa" entH Se!tion 7 of +!t No' 2(2)Q 100H000 pairs !o :at :oots alrea&" &eli%ere& Philippine so%erei,nt" an& eans a on, others to the pro%ision allowin, nu!lear weapons within No 5 prohi:its * +rti!le 55' Se!tion 3H of +) 3he 1epu:li! of 9alau 3083 e0e!ution upon an" ent 1987 2 Professionalis in!an the in%oDe ar e& its for!es' :ut 5n&onesia o%e& to &is;u&, iss the that Con,ress !oul& not pass le,islation that will the unpai&' :asesH the Constitution appears tothe :an su!h Constitution e0pressesH in partH that the C+r e& Se!on&H it %iolates Se!tion 1H +rti!le 55 of the so%erei,n 5 unit" :" filin, a otion to &is iss a,ainst the ,o%ern ent' +s hel& in 1epu:li! %s' P+rti!le ME5H Se!tion 2(3)Q !ounter!lai H assertin, that it is entitle& to :e ,oo& for our national interest an& ,eneral weapons fro the Philippine territor"' 5t &e!lares For!es of the Philippines is the prote!tor of the ConstitutionH whi!h pro%i&es for the esta:lish ent in a!!or&an!e with Se!tion l(a)H 1ule 1) of the Pala!ioH 23 SC1+ 899H e%en if the ,o%ern ent ) 5nsulation of the +FP fro partisan politi!s' so%erei,n unit" froCthe suit' 3he trial !ourt welfare if su!h le,islation will not !onfor with the as a state 5 poli!" that PhilippinesH !onsistent people an& (of) the State'C -es!ri:e :riefl" what of &e o!rati! an& repu:li! States :" repla!in, it 1ules of Court on the ,roun& that the !ourt has a" :e sue&H it &oes not follow that its properties P+rti!le ME5H Se!tion 2(3)Q &enie& the otion interestH to &is iss an& issue& two writs 63A +,ree ents' 1efute this ar,u ent' (2N) with the national a&opts an& pursues a this pro%ision eans' 5s the Philippine National with three States or,ani=e& as a !onfe&eration' no ;uris&i!tion o%er its person' a" :e sei=e& un&er e0e!ution' 7 Prohi:ition a,ainst the appoint ent of an of ,arnish ent upon 5n&onesian ent poli!" of free&o fro nu!lear$o%ern weapons in its Poli!e !o%ere& :" e 8) an&ateL ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: +FP e :er in the a!ti%e ser%i!e to a !i%ilian fun&s &eposite& in the the sa Philippine National 9anDthe territor"'C (+rtH 55H se!' @owe%erH FIRST ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: +!!or&in, to the @ol"Se!tion See %s'2(#)Q 1osarioH SC1+ (2) NoH fun&s of the ,o%ern ent on &eposit in to 3ana&a %' +n,araH 272 238 SC1+ 18 position' P+rti!le ME5H an& Far /ast 9anD' 5n&onesia went toCo the Court of &eli:erations of Constitutional ission +rti!le 55H Se!tion 3 of the 1987 Constitution 3hir&H it %iolates Se!tion 22H +rti!le 55 of the 22#H in Pu:li! 5nternational 7awH when a State the :anD !annot :e ,arnishe& for two reasons: (1997)H the so%erei,nt" of the Philippines is 8 Co pulsor" retire ent of offi!ers without +ppeals on a to petition for that !ertiorari un&er 1ule woul& see in&i!ate this pro%ision of )2 the eans that the +r e& For!es of the Philippines ConstitutionH whi!hH while re!o,ni=in, an& wishes to plea& so%erei,n i unit" in a forei,n 1 <n&er +rt' 55H Se!' 29 (1) pu:li! fun&s !annot :e su:;e!t to restri!tion :" its e :ership in the e0tension of ser%i!e' P+rti!le ME5H Se!tion 2(2)Q of the 1ules of @ow woul& the Court of 100 Constitution is Court' Cnot so ethin, a:solute nor shoul& not ser%e the interest of the pro otin, the the ri,hts ofli Affi!e in&i,enous !ultural !ourtH itof re?uests Forei,n of the State spent e0!ept in pursuan!e of 5t an appropriation a&e :" fa il" nations an& itations i pose& 9 1e?uire ent ofthe proportional re!ruit ent of +ppeals &e!i&e the !aseL per!ent without e0!eption'C a" Presi&ent therefore :ut :e of the people an& shoul& not !o it a:uses !o unitiesH pro%i&es for national unit" an& where it is :ein, sue& to !on%e" to the !ourt that it lawH an& treat" itations' an& Se!tion +rti!le 55 of the fro alllipro%in!es !itiesH 2' so as to a%oi& an" that !ir!u stan!es a" ;ustif" a pro%ision on a,ainst the people' (1e!or& of the Constitutional &e%elop ent' is entitle& to i unit"' 5n the PhilippinesH the 2 essential pu:li! ser%i!es will :e i paire& if fun&s Constitution ,enerall" a!!epte& re,ional !li?uea&opts fro for the in, within the +FP' P+rti!le nu!lear weapons' Co issionH Eol' EH p'su:;e!t 133') to 3his pro%ision is pra!ti!e is of for the forei,n ,o%ern ent of to the firstlaw of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: of the ,o%ern ent were e0e!utionH prin!iples international law as part ME5H Se!tion 2(7)Q spe!ifi!all" a&&resse& to @i,hwa"s the +r For!es of the 31 FourthH it 3*"ear %iolates Se!tion +rti!le M ofof the se!ure an e0e!uti%e en&orse ent ofis its !lai of 3he Court (Co issioner of +ppeals of Pu:li! shoul& &is e& iss %s' the San petition -ie,oH the lan&' Ane of prin!iples pa!ta sunt 10 + li su!h itation on12H the tour of &ut" the Philippines an& not to the Philippine National ConstitutionH whi!hH pro%i&es for autono ous P'i i$$ine F ag 6>;<899?7 i 3he unit"' 5n so e !asesH the &efense insofar SC1+ )1) as it(1970))' seeDs to 3he annul re the e&" or&er of the &en"in, pre%ailin, the part" so%erei,n is ser%an&a' Constitution &i& not en%ision Chief of StaffH whi!h althou,h e0ten&i:le in !ase a of Poli!eH :e!ause the latter separate an& &istin!t in 8usli 8in&anao an& infro theon Cor&illeras State whether or not theis law isfa%or !onstitutional' to ha%e the ;u&, ent !re&it in his in!lu&e& in the re,ions of so%erei,n i the unit" su: itte& &ire!tl" the otion of the $o%ern ent of 5n&onesia to &is iss her it*liDe isolation of is the !ountr" the to rest of e er,en!" :" Presi&entH &epen&s fro the for er' (1e!or& ofthe the Constitutional within the :" fra the eworD of ,o%ern national so%erei,nt" as /0plain ,eneral :riefl"' appropriations law for ne0t "ear' lo!al !ourt forei,n ent throu,h the !ounter!lai ' 3he !ounter!lai in this !ase is the worl&' Con,ressional &e!laration of e er,en!"' P+rti!le Co issionH Eol' EH p' 29); 8analo %' Sisto=a' 312 well as territorial inte,rit" of the 1epu:li! of the 1'!o pulsor" + law !han,in, sin!e the it &esi,n of the !ounsel :" filin, a otion to &is iss on the a !ounter!lai arises fro ME5H Se!tion 2())Q SC1 + 239 P1999Q') Philippines' Freedo+ N-" ear Foreign Philippine fla,' (2N) ,roun& that#ro+ the !ourt has no 4ea$on%5 >uris&i!tion o%er its the sa e !ontra!t in%ol%e& in the !o plaint' +s SECON! ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: 0i itary &a%e% 619887 person' su!h it ust :e set up otherwise it will :e :arre&' +rti!le 55H is Se!tion of the 1987 Constitution !an FifthH it %iolates the so%erei,nt" there!entl" 1epu:li! 3he law in%ali& !onsi&erin, that un&er +rti!le No' 22: 3he Se!retar" of >usti!eof ha& rule& +:o%e allH as hel& 3 in Froilan %s' Pan Ariental :e interprete& to ean that the +r e& For!es of of the Philippines' :) NoH the &efense ofa" so%erei,n 5 for unit" not ME5H Se!tion ofPhil' the 902H 1987:" ConstitutionH the fla, that the Presi&ent ne,otiate a will o&ifi!ation Shippin, Co'H 1 92 filin, a !o plaintH the Philippines !anshall :ewai%e& a :e le,iti ate instru ent for prosper' 3he sale of 9alau pro&u!ts is that aent !ontra!t of the Philippines re&H an& :lueH or e0tension ofent ilitar" a,ree with the state of 5n&onesia its iwhiteH unit" fro 3he esta:lish of a :ases poli!e for!e is not the the o%erthrow of the !i%ilian ,o%ern ent if it has Territoria *%= Interna 6899;7 in%ol%in, a Sea !o er!ial a!ti%it"' 5n un&er <nite& States %s' F ag 5t State *%= F three ag o# Con*enien"e with a sun an& as in !onse!rate& an& <nite& States re,ar&less of the Cno nuDesC suit' is not ri,ht that itstarsH !an sue the6899;7 !ourts :ut onl" !i%ilian in !hara!ter :ut 4ater% also the lo!al !ease& to :e thepeople ser%ant of the people' (9ernasH (2*a*1) -istin,uish: 3he sea an& the 1ui=H 13)SC1+#87 an& territorial <nite& States %s' $uintoH (2*a*3) -istin,uish: 3he fla, state an& the fla, honore& :" the an& re!o,ni=e& :" law' pro%isions in the 1987 Constitution' 3he Presi&ent it !annot :e sue&' 3he &efen&ant therefore e0e!uti%es' P+rti!le ME5H Se!tion 2(7)Q 3he 1987 of the Philippines: + internal waters Philippines' SU22ESTE! 182 SC1+ )##Hof it the was state& athe forei,n State of !on%enien!e' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: F7+$ Sin!e the Constitution itself pres!ri:es the forthwith announ!e& that she that fin&s sa e opinion a!?uires the Constitution ri,ht to set up a !o pulsor" Co entar"H 2003 e&'H p' ))') 3his pro%ision &oes ANS4ER: 3/1153A15+7 S/+ is a&;a!ent !annot in%oDe 5 #ro+ unit" fro 619917 suit ifan it enters into S3+3/ it eans a ship has the nationalit" of the &esi,nH !an onl" :e !han,e& :" !onstitutional Ca!!epta:leC an& will a&opt it' 3he Senators onathe !ounter!lai a,ainst it' State I++-nity S-it not appl" to the Philippine :elt ofer!ial sea with a :rea&th of 12 nauti!al iles to are !o !ontra!t' 3he Philippines a&heres fla, of the state it fliesH :ut there National ust :e aPoli!eH a en& ent' other han&H le& :" the Senate Presi&entH No' 13; 5n Fe:ruar" 1990H the 8inistr" of the :e!ause it :etween is separate an& an& &istin!t fro the fro ha& the :aselines of a state an& o%er 1/S315C35E/ SAE/1/5$N 588<N53O' ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: ,enuine linD the state the ship' sDepti!alH an& e%en warne& that no treat" +reasure& "' 1epu:li! of 5n&onesiaH in%ite& :i&s for the or +r e& For!es of the Philippines' (1e!or& of the whi!h the state has so%erei,nt"' (+rti!les 2 an& 3 3he law isthe %ali&H pro%i&e& that the new ,rant &esi,n @owe%erH Court of +ppeals shoul& the international a,ree entof !o a" ,o into effe!t without suppl" of 200H000 pairs :at :oots for the Constitutional Co issionH Eol' EH p' 29)H 8analo %' of the Con%ention on the 7aw of the Sea') Ship of (+rti!le 91 of the Con%ention on the 7aw of the Sea') &oes not !han,e the P1999Q') ele ,o%ern ents an&ent !olor s!he as e petition of the 5n&onesian insofar the of two*thir&s of all e :ers of the use !on!urren!e of the 5n&onesian +r "' 3he 8ariDina Shoe Sisto=a' 312 SC1+ 239 all states en;o" the ri,ht of inno!ent State I++-nity #ro+ S-it 619897 passa,e ofsou,ht the fla, as state& in the ConstitutionH an& theof it to annul the ,arnish ent of the fun&s Senate' CorporationH a Philippine !orporationH whi!h has F7+$ CANE/N5/NC/ refers to a in state with whi!h a No' 13: + propert" owner file& an &ire!tl" fla, isAF !onse!rate& an& honore& :" the people' 5n&onesia whi!h were &eposite& the Philippine no :ran!h offi!e an& no assets in a!tion 5n&onesiaH !o"trine o# In"or$oration5 Con%tit-tiona La1 %essel is re,istere& for %arious reasons in !ourt a,ainst the 1epu:li! of the Philippines Sin!e the Constitution itself states that National 9anD an& Far /ast 9anD' su: itte& a :i& to suppl" 200H000 pairs of 619977

!onsi&er NoH pro%e ar the that e& Northern these the for!es State ri,hts with 7u=on is in lia:le ,eneral the 5rri,ation for :ut ulation the or fla, +uthorit" State of ranD retains file& a" e!ono i! !on&itions of those en,a,e& in the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Se!tion 12H +rti!le M5E of the Constitution rea&s: the national upon plans totheir raise an& allpoli!ies'C lawful ption &efenses' of offi!e shall suitH :e to:a!!o in&ustr"' not ri,ht in%oDe the iassu unit" of the State fro 1) OesH !) Se!tion the 1H 8uni!ipalit" +rti!le ME55 of Calu of the pit Constitution is lia:le 3he State shall re,ulate the transfer an& pro for ote &is!lose& to the in the :e!auseH as hel& in pu:li! Fontanilla %s' anner 8alia pro%i&e& anH 179 pro%i&es: ne,li,en!e C3he of FLA2 of its OF &ri%er THE PHILIPPINES <n&er the a&aptation te!hnolo," fro >ohnn"' all sour!es for State I++-nity #ro+ S-it 6199:7 e) :" Se!tion law' 17H +rti!le 55 of theirri,ation Constitution State I++-nity #ro+ S-it 619877 SC1+ )82 an& 19# SC1+ #8)H is a Se!tion shall :e 2# re&H of :enefit' the whiteH 7o!al an& :lueH with ent Co&eH a sunwi&est lo!al an& the national 5t $o%ern shall en!oura,e No 19: -e%i is the owner of aNorthern pie!e of7u=on lan&' (a) CMC file& !ase a,ainst the 1epu:li! of :" theentsH pro%i&es: C3he State shall ,i%e priorit" to proprietar" fun!tion' 9esi&esH the ,o%ern three starsH enta as units !onse!rate& are not e0e an& pt honore& fro,o%ern lia:ilit" the for parti!ipation of pri%ate ,roupsH lo!al 1 Se!tion 21H +rti!le of the Constitution Philippines for &a a,es !ause& "a!htH whi!h 6ithout prior e0propriation or;uri&i!al ne,otiate& saleH the an& E!UCATION3 SCIENCE TECHNOLO2D3 5rri,ation +uthorit" has M55 aan& personalit" &eath or people an& in;ur" re!o,ni=e& to persons :" or law'C &a his a,e to propert"' !o unit"*:ase& or,ani=ations in the &e!lares: C5nfor ation on forei,n loans o:taine& or was ra e& an& :" a na%" %essel' of s!ien!e an& national ,o%ern ent use& a portion thereof for the ARTS3 CULTURE3 an& SPORTS to foster separate an& &istin!t fro the ,o%ern entH a suit ,eneration utili=ation ,uarantee& :" the ,o%ern ent shall :e a&e a%aila:le (:) CMC also sue& another !ase the states: ALTERNATI(E Se!tion 2H +rti!le ANS4ER: ME5inof the Constitution wi&enin, ofan& the national hi,hwa"' -e%i file& a te!hnolo,"'C patriotis H the a!!elerate so!ial a,ainst it is not a nationalis suit a,ainst State' Sin!e the toone" the pu:li!'C Se!retar" of Pu:li! an& the NoH the uni!ipalit" is not lia:le for the ne,li,en!e !lai with Co ission on +u&it whi!h 3he Con,ress a" 6orDs :" lawH a&opt a1epu:li! new na of e the for pro,ressH pro ote totalfro hu an li:eration an& wai%er ofan& the i the unit" suit is without 5t is su,,este& that if anthe an inee a su:stanti%e 2 +s hel& Eal no onte %s're!ourseH 9el onteH $'1' No' NOTE: Philippines for pa"pre%ailin, ent ofe0a therule !o pensation of of of the >ohnn"H !ountr"H a the national H or ,a%e a innational the law sealH was &enie&' 7eft with other -e%i file& &e%elop ent'C ?ualifi!ationH asinhel& in 1a"o %s' Court of First answer without ,i%in, the e0a!t pro%isions of the ConstitutionH 7#930H Fe:' 13H 1989H these pro%isions on pu:li! the %alue of his:e lan&H whi!h was as ofnot uni!ipal !orporations is that a use& uni!ipalit" is a !o plaint for re!o%er" of propert" an&Ior whi!h shall all trul" refle!ti%e an& s" part :oli! of 5nstan!e of 9ula!anH 110 SC1+ #2)H the wai%er then he shoul& :e ,i%en full !re&it' FurtherH one pro%ision Se!tion 1#H +rti!le M55 of the rea&s in &is!losures are inten&e& to enhan!e role of the tar a! of the Ce:u 5nternational +irportH lia:le the i&ealsH for the histor"H torts an& !o tra&itions itte& :" of the its people' re,ular &a a,es a,ainst the Se!retar" of the Pu:li! 6orDs in!lu&es an a!tion :ase& on aConstitution ?uasi*&eli!t' ?uote&I&is!usse& :" the e0a inee shoul& :e suffi!ient for hi part: C3he &e%elop ent a reser%oir ofas in !iti=enr" insustaine& ,o%ern ental &e!ision* aDin, as well without prior e0propriation pro!ee&in,s' e plo"ees in the taDe &is!har,e of ,o%ern an& @i,hwa"s an& the 1epu:li! ofof the PhilippinesH Su!h law shall effe!t onl" upon ental its to :e ,i%en full !re&it' NATIONAL !he!Din, a:use TALENTS in ,o%ern ent' &is issal of Filipino fun!tions' 3he :" the uni!ipalit" people is answera:le in a national onl" 3he &efen&ant o%e& !onsistin, for of the ratifi!ation 0atter% o# !apa!it"' P-b i" Intere%t State I++-nity #ro+ S-it 619997 s!ientistsH entrepreneursH professionalsH when it is a!tin, in a proprietar" !o plaint !onten&in, that the ,o%ern ent !annot Tran%$aren"y5 referen&u 'C 619897 +'ana,ersH 1') 6hat &o "ou :" state i &is unit" 3he Soli!itor $eneral o%e& to &is iss the two hi,h*le%el te!hni!al anpower an& :e sue& without itsun&erstan& !onsent' 3he 13C isse& No' 3: -oes the 1987 pro%i&e for a fro !o suitL /0plain' (2N) !ases in%oDin, state i Constitution unit" fro the suit -e!i&e' &) Se!tion 22H +rti!le 55 of Constitution sDille& worDers an& !rafts how en shall :e"ou pro&e!i&e ote& the plaint' An appealH woul& poli!" transparen!" in atters of otes pu:li! 2') @ow !onsent of the stateshall to :e sue& :e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 5n the of !ase at :arH >ohnn" waspro a re,ular pro%i&es: 3he State re!o,ni=es an& the :" the a" StateH 3he State en!oura,e the !ase' interestL /0plain' (a) plo"ee 3he ,o%ern ent !annot :e sue& &a pit a,es ,i%enL /0plain' (2N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: e of the 8uni!ipalit" of for Calu as ri,hts of IN!I2ENOUS CULTURAL appropriate te!hnolo," an& re,ulate 5ts transfer SU22ESTE! SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !onsi&erin, the a,en!" whi!h !ause& the 1') the S3+3/ 588<N53O &ri%er of its that &uANS4ER: p tru!D; he fra !o eworD itte& of a tortious CO00UNITIES within the national for national :enefit'F1A8 S<53 eans that OesH the 1987 Constitution pro%i&es for a poli!" 3he or&er &is issin, the !o plaint shoul& &a while a,es was the Philippine Na%"' <n&er +rt' the State !annot :e sue& without its !onsent' + :e a!t &is!har,in, a ,o%ern ental fun!tion for unit" an& &e%elop ent'C of transparen!" in &ri%in, atters of !onsents pu:li! the interest' Su:*se!tion 2H prin!iple Se!tion 3'that +rti!le M5E of the re%erse&' 5nsu!h 8inisterio %' Court of First 5nstan!e of 2180 of the Ci%il Co&eH the state to :e !orollar" of is properties use& the uni!ipalit"H ie'H re!Dlessl" sai& Se!tion 28H +rti!le 55 of 1987 Constitution Constitution (E!UCATIONAL sue& for a ?uasi*&eli!t when the &a a,e is Ce:uH #0 SC1+ itC3he" was hel& that when the Se!tion 2H +rti!le M55 ofonl" the Constitution 3he :" the State in states: the#)#H perfor an!e of its tru!D loa&e& with san& for the the repair of rea&s: uni!ipal pro%i&es: INSTITUTIONS ) shallpropert" in!ul!ate patriotis an& !ause& :" its spe!ial a,ents' @en!eH the Soli!itor ,o%ern ent taDes fro a topri%ate StateH su:;e!t to the pro%isions of this Constitution ental fun!tions !annot :e su:;e!t streets' <n&ou:te&l" thenH >ohnn" as &ri%er of 1 CSu:;e!t to reasona:le !on&itions $eneralBs otion shoul& :epoli!ies ,rante& an& the nationalis H foster lo%e prior of hu e0propriation anit"H respe!t for lan&owner without or an& national &e%elop ent pro,ra sH ;u&i!ial e0e!ution' the &u p tru!D was perfor in, a an& &ut" or suit tasD pres!ri:e& the State a&opts an& i ple ents :rou,ht :" :" CMC :e isse&' hu an ri,htsH appre!iation of the role national ne,otiate& saleH the lan&owner a" ofaintain a shall prote!t the ri,hts of in&i,enous !ultural pertainin, to lawH his&is offi!e' 3he !onstru!tion or a poli!" of full to &is!losure of all its transa!tions heroes in the histori!al &e%elop ent of the suit a,ainst the ,o%ern ent without %iolatin, the !o unities an!estral lan&s to ensure aintenan!e of their pu:li! streets are a& itte&l" in%ol%in, pu:li! interestHC 2') Consent of the sue& fro a" :e !ountr"H tea!h the State ri,hts an& of !iti=enshipH &o!trine of ,o%ern ent to 5 :e &uties unit" suit'a&e 3he their e!ono i!H so!ial an& !ultural well*:ein,' ,o%ern ental a!ti%ities' +t the ti e of the 2 Se!tion 7H was +rti!le 555 of thein 1987 e0pressl" as in thean& !ase of a spe!ifi!H e0press (:) 9ut the ,o%ern ent en,a,e& C+NNA3 5NEAG/ the stren,then ethi!al %aluesH &e%elop ,o%ern ent shoul& :e spiritual &ee e& to ha%e wai%e& a!!i&entH >ohnn" the Constitution &is!har,e states: C3he ri,ht of the people to infor ation on stateBs i unit" fro suit' +s hel& in 8inisterio pro%ision of law as wai%er of State i unit" fro an& &is!iplineH i oral plie&l" !hara!ter its i unit" fro personal suit' AtherwiseH the of ,o%ern ental fun!tions' atters of pu:li! !on!ern shall :e re!o,ni=e&H %' Court of First 5nstan!e' #0 SC1+ #)# (1971)H suit is not inferre& li,htl" (e',' C'+' 327 as a en&e& 3he Con,ress a" pro%i&e for the appli!a:ilit" of en!oura,e !riti!al an& !reati%e thinDin,H :roa&en !onstitutional ,uarantee that pri%ate propert" shall +!!ess to offi!ial re!or&sH an& to &o!u entsH an& whi!h also in%ol%e& the taDin, of pri%ate propert" @en!eH !usto ar" the &eath laws ,o%ernin, of the two passen,ers propert" ri,hts of the or :" P1##2T or i plie&l" as when the State s!ientifi! an& te!hnolo,i!al Dnowle&,eH not :e taDen for pu:li! use without an& ;ust papers to offi!ial transa!tionsH or without pertainin, the of e0propriation pro!ee&in,H ;eepne" *tra,i! an& &eplora:le thou,h it a" :e en,a,es in proprietar" fun!tions (<'S' relations in :enefit &eter inin, the a!tsH ownership an& e0tent pro ote %o!ational effi!ien!"'C !o pensation will :e ren&ere& nu,ator"' &e!isionsH as well as to ,o%ern ent resear!h &ata %' 1ui=H <'S' %' $uinto) or when it files a suit in whi!h C3he &o!trine of ,o%ern ental i unit" fro suit * i pose& on the uni!ipalit" no &ut" to pa" of the an!estral &o ains'C as :asis for poli!" &e%elop shall :e an !ase the Se!tion 10' a&%erse +rti!le M5E part" of the a" Constitution file a !ounter!lai &e!lares: use& !annot ser%e an instru ent for entH perpetratin, onetar" !o as pensationH as hel& in 8uni!ipalit" affor&e& the !iti=enH su:;e!t to su!h li itations as State Prin"i$ e% B Po i"ie% 6199;7 CSCIENCE (Froilan %' Pan an& Ariental TECHNOLO2D Shippin,) or when are the essential &o!trinefor Se!tion in;usti!e on a !iti=en' ' ' ' eH 6hen ,o%ern ent )H +rt' M555%' ofFir the Constitution pro%i&es: 3he of San' Fernan&o 192 the SC1+ )92' a" :e pro%i&e& :" law'C No' 1; in 6hat is the state poli!" on: 3he woul& national &e%elop effe!t :e ent use& an& to pro,ress' perpetuate an State in;usti!e shall State taDes an" propert" pu:li! useH whi!h is shall appl" for the prin!iples of A2RARIAN Se!tion 20H +rti!le E5 of 1987 a) worDin, enL :) e!olo,"L an& &e%elop entH 3 State !on&itional I++-nity upon #ro+ the pa" S-itent 619987 ofthe ;ust ,i%e priorit" to #3 resear!h REFOR0 or stewar&shipH whene%er appli!a:le in (+ i,a:le %' wo Cuen!aH Constitution rea&s: C3he re!or&s an& :ooDs SC1+ 3)0)' !) the s" :ols of statehoo&L &) utili=ation; an& to a!!or&an!e No' !o pensationH 9: 3he with Northern tolawH :e ;u&i!iall" as!ertaine&H 5rri,ation +uthorit" itof in%entionH inno%ationH an& their in7u=on the &isposition or utili=ation a!!ount of the Con,ress shall :e preser%e& an& :e !ultural inoritiesL e) s!ien!e an& aDes anifest that it su: its to the ;uris&i!tion (N75+) was esta:lishe& :" a le,islati%e !harter s!ien!e an& te!hnolo," e&u!ationH trainin,H of other natural resour!esH in!lu&in, lan&s of to the open to the pu:li! in a!!or&an!e with lawH an& su!h State I++-nity #ro+ S-it 619997 of the !ourt'C 3he Soli!itor $eneralBs otionsuppl" to te!hnolo,"L stren,then the irri,ation s"ste s that ser%i!es' 5t shall support in&i,enousH appropriateH pu:li! &o ain un&er lease or !on!ession suita:le shall :esau&ite& :" Co ri,htsH ission +u&it No * 9' 3he e plo"ees of the Philippine &is a,ri!ultureH iss thereforeH :e &enie&' water toshoul&H far an& !o er!ial ,rowers inestea& the an& E5 self*reliant s!ientifi! an& !ultural !apa:ilitiesH :ooDs to su:;e!t to the prior hoon whi!h shall pu:lish annuall" an ite i=e& list of 3o:a!!o +& inistration (P3+) sue& to re!o%er area' of 6hile N75+ a:le to ,enerate an& their appli!ation to the !ountr"Bs pro&u!ti%e ri,hts s all the settlersH an&is the ri,hts of in&i,enous a ounts pai& totheir an& e0penses in!urre& for ea!h o%erti e an& pa"' 5n resistin, SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: re%enues throu,h its operationsH it re!ei%es an s"ste s national life'C su!h !lai H the P3+ !o unities to an!estral lan&s' e :er'C theori=e& that it is perfor in, ,o%ern ental State I++-nity S-it 6199;7 a) Se!tion 1#H #ro+ +rti!le M555 of the Constitution State I++-nity *%= 4ai*er o# I++-nity annual appropriation fro Con,ress' 3he 619977 N75+ is # <n&er 17H +rti!le M5 powers of the 1987 fun!tions' -e!i&e an& (2N) No' ); >ohnn" pro%i&es: C3hewas State e e0plain' plo"e& shall prote!t as a &ri%er 4ORCIN2 :" the authori=e& to Se!tion Ce0er!ise all the of a SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ConstitutionH the sworn state ent of assetsH 8uni!ipalit" Se!tion 11H of Calu M5EpitH of the 9ula!an' Constitution 6hile pro%i&es: &ri%in, NoH ): 5t is un&er sai& that of i Co&e'C unit" :" the 4O0EN :"+rti!le pro%i&in, safe an& healthful worDin, !orporation the Cwai%er Corporation +s hel&Con,ress in Philippine Eir,inia lia:ilities an& net worth of the Presi&entH Ei!e* C3he a" pro%i&e for its in!enti%esH re!Dlessl" !on&itionsH a taDin, uni!ipal into &u a!!ount p 3o:a!!o tru!D with their loa& aternal of 3he State State &oes not a" resettle ean a lan&less !on!ession far of ers itsthe an& lia:ilit"C' far +& inistration %' Court of 5n&ustrial 1elationsH )2 Presi&entH the 8e :ers of the Ca:inetH the -ue to in a is!al!ulation :" so whi!h e of its san& for the in!lu&in, TA/ repair !E!UCTIONS of fa!ilities uni!ipal HstreetsH to en!oura,e >ohnn" worDers 6hat are the its iown pli!ations a,ri!ultural of this estates phraseL shall fun!tionsH an& su!h an& opportunities SC1+ #1)H the Philippine 3o:a!!o +& Con,ressH thethere Supre e the Constitutional e plo"eesH a anner assi%e irri,ation pri%ate parti!ipation in pro,ra sena:le of :asi! hit awill that ;eepne"' enhan!e 3wo their passen,ers welfare an&of theinistration ;eepne" the an& to :e &istri:ute& to the was inCourtH the pro%i&e& :" is not Dille&' lia:le for o%erti e pa"H is perfor in, Co ission an& other !onstitutional offi!esH an&+ o%erflow SU22ESTE! !ausin, ANS4ER: a flash floo& in 9arrio .an;era' were applie& s!ientifi! resear!h' S!holarshipsH ,rants*in* law'C reali=e their full potential insin!e the it ser%i!e of the ,o%ern ental fun!tions' + on, its purposes are offi!ers of the 3he phrase that of i an& unit" :" the State &rowne& inwai%er the in!i&ent his parents now ai& or other for s of 5n!enti%es shall :e pro%i&e& to !hil& nation'C to pro ote the effe!ti%e er!han&isin, of to:a!!o 3he San,,unian, 9a"an passe& an or&inan!e &oes not a !on!ession of lia:ilit" Se!tion 17'ean +rti!le M5E of the Constitution states: file suit a,ainst 3he N75+ for &a a,es' eans &eser%in, s!ien!e stu&entsH resear!hersH so that those en,a,e& in the to:a!!o in&ustr" will :) Se!tion 1)H +rti!le 55!o of the an& Constitution that :" !onsentin, to :e sue&H the State &oes not appropriatin, P300H000 as pensation for the C3he State shall re!o,ni=eH respe!t an& prote!t s!ientistsH in%estorsH te!hnolo,istsH spe!iall" ha%e e!ono i! se!urit"H to sta:ili=e the pri!e of 8a" the N75+ %ali&l" the!o i unit" the pro%i&es: 3he an& a&%an!e ne!essaril" it it is in%oDe lia:le' +s state& in of to heirs of the %i!tiState s' 1)shall 5s theprote!t uni!ipalit" lia:le the ri,hts of a& in&i,enous !ultural unities ,ifte& !iti=ens'C to:a!!oH an& to i people pro%e the State fro an& suitL -is!uss thorou,hl"' Philippine 1o!D 5n&ustriesH 5n!' %s' 9oar& of the ri,ht of the an&li%in, theiran& posterit" to a preser%e &e%elop their !ulturesH tra&itionsH for the ne,li,en!e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: of >ohnn"L 2) 5s the uni!ipal 7i?ui&atorsH 180 SC1+ :alan!e& an& healthful ECOLO2D in a!!or& with an& institutions' 5t shall 171H in su!h a !ase the or&inan!e State is erel" ,i%in, the plaintiff a !han!e to the rh"th %ali&L an& har on" of nature'C

:e in%oDe& :e!ause un&er the Free&o Constitution su!h power !an :e e0er!ise& onl" :" the Presi&ent an& onl" up to Fe:ruar" 22H 1987' Sin!e the law un&er ?uestion was presu a:l" passe& after Fe:ruar" 22H 1987 an& :" Con,ressH it is un!onstitutional'

2' C+ pu:li! offi!er or e plo"ee shallH upon assu ption of offi!eH an& as often as thereafter a" :e re?uire& :" lawH su: it a &e!laration un&er oath of his assetsH lia:ilitiesH an& net worth' 5n the !ase of the Presi&entH the Ei!e Presi&entH the (:) 6ith respe!t to the pro%ision re?uirin, the 8e :ers of the Ca:inetH the Con,ressH the lo"alt" testH lo"alt" as a ,eneral rule is a rele%ant Supre e CourtH the Constitutional Co issions !onsi&eration in assessin, e plo"eesB fitness' an& other !onstitutional offi!esH an& offi!ers of the @owe%erH the re?uire ent in this !ase is not a ar e& for!es with ,eneral or fla, ranDH the ,eneral re?uire ent :ut sin,les out C artial lawC &e!laration shall :e &is!lose& to the pu:li! in the e plo"ees an& therefore is a& inistere& in a anner pro%i&e& :" law'C (Se!tion 17H +rti!le M5) &is!ri inator" anner' 7o"alt"H thereforeH while a rele%ant !onsi&eration in other !ir!u stan!esH is )' C5nfor ation on forei,n loans o:taine& or :ein, e plo"e& in this !ase for an un!onstitutional ,uarantee& :" the $o%ern ent shall :e a&e a%aila:le to the pu:li!'C (Se!tion 21 +rti!le M55) purpose' Tran%$aren"y5 0atter% o# P-b i" Intere%t +s e0plaine& 5n Eal onte %' 9el onteH 689997 170 SC1+ 22) (1989)H the purpose of the &i o# State Attainder 619997 No E' at least three !onstitutional pro%isions poli!" is to prote!t the people fro a:use No' refle!tin, 1; /0e!uti%e the State Ar&ers poli!" Nos' on 1 an& transparen!" 2 issue& :" in of ,o%ern ental power' 5f a!!ess to Presi&ent Cora=on C' 6hat +?uino !reate& the atters of pu:li! interest' is the purpose of infor ation of pu:li! !on!ern is &enie&H Presi&ential sai& poli!"L (2N) Co ission on $oo& $o%ern ent the postulate Cpu:li! offi!e is a pu:li! SU22ESTE! (PC$$) an& ANS4ER: e powere& it to se?uester an" trustC woul& :e ere e pt" wor&s' UNote: 3he followin, !onstitutional pro%isions propert" shownare pri the a fa!ie to :e ill*,otten wealth 3he e0a inee shoul& :e ,i%en full !re&it if refle!tin, the State poli!" on his transparen!" in of the late Presi&ent 8ar!osH relati%es an& he ,i%es an" three of the a:o%e* atters of pu:li! interest: !ronies' /0e!uti%e Ar&er No' 1# %ests on the entione& pro%isions'T 1' CSu:;e!t to reasona:le !on&itions pres!ri:e& San&i,an:a"an ;uris&i!tion to tr" hi&&en wealth :" lawH An the State a&opts an& 5 ple a poli!" !ases' +pril 1#H 198)H after an ents in%esti,ationH of full pu:li! &is!losure of all its transa!tions the PC$$ se?uestere& the assets of M ARTICLE III &i o# Rig't% in%ol%in, pu:li! interest'C (Se!tion 28H +rti!le 55) CorporationH 5n!' (1) M CorporationH 5n!' !lai e& that Presi&ent &i o# Attainder 619877 +?uinoH as Presi&entH !oul& not lawfull" issue No' M5: Con,ress passe& a law relatin, to /0e!uti%e 2' 3he ri,ht Ar&ers of the Nos' people 1H 2to an& infor 1#H whi!h ation on ha%e offi!ials an& e plo"ees who ha& ser%e& in the the atters for!e of of pu:li! lawH on !on!ern the ,roun& shall that :e re!o,ni=e&' le,islation is $o%ern ent for the perio& fro Septe :er 21H a +!!ess fun!tion to of offi!ial Con,ress' re!or&sH -e!i&e' an& to &o!u entsH an& 1972 up to Fe:ruar" 22H 198)' papers pertainin, to offi!ial a!tsH transa!tionsH or (2) Sai& as well !orporation also ?uestione& the &e!isionsH as to ,o%ern ent resear!h &ata (a) Ane pro%ision of the law &e!lare& all %ali&it" the three e0e!uti%e or&ers on the :e use& asof :asis for poli!" &e%elop entH shall offi!ials fro the ranD of assistant hea& of a ,roun& that the" are :ills ofto attain&er affor&e& to !iti=enH su:;e!t su!h li an&H itations as &epart entH :ureauH offi!e or a,en!" C<nfitC for thereforeH un!onstitutional' -e!i&e'7H +rti!le 555) a" :e pro%i&e& :" law'C (Se!tion !ontinue& ser%i!e in the ,o%ern ent an& &e!lare& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: their respe!ti%e positions %a!ant' (1) /0e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1H 2 an& 1# were (:) +nother pro%ision re?uire& all the other issue& 3' 3he re!or&s in 198)'an& +t that :ooDs ti e ofPresi&ent a!!ounts Cora=on of the offi!ials an& e plo"ees to taDe an oath of lo"alt" +?uino Con,ress e0er!ise& shall :ele,islati%e preser%e&power an& :e '''' open to the to the fla, an& ,o%ern ent as a !on&ition for pu:li! in a!!or&an!e with lawH an& su!h :ooDs their !ontinue& e plo" ent' +re the two (2) /0e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' an& 1# not shall :e au&ite& :" the Co 1H 2 ission onare +u&it pro%isions %ali&L 6h"L :ills ofshall attain&er' A bi'' o) a++ainder a 'egis'a+i/e whi!h pu:lish annuall" an ite isi=e& list of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ac+ &-ic-pai& in)'ic+s p*nis-0en+ &i+-o*+ 1*dicia' +ria'. a ounts to an& e0penses in!urre& for ea!h (a) 3he law is a :ill of attain&er :" whi!h +!!or&in,l"H it was 20' hel& in 9ataan 8e :er'C (Se!tion +rti!le E5) Ship"ar&s an& Con,ressH :" assu in, ;u&i!ial a,istra!"H in /n,ineerin, !o pan"' 5n!' %' Presi&ential effe!t &e!lares all offi!ials an& e plo"ees &urin, #' 3he ission Affi!e on of the A $o%ern :u&s an shall ha%e the Co $oo& entH that artial law (Septe :er 21H 1972Fe:ruar" 22H followin, powersH fun!tionsH an&1# &uties: MMM /0e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1H 2 an& are not :ills of 198)) as &islo"al an&H on this :asisH re o%es MMM attain&erH :e!ause the" &o not infli!t an" so e while su:;e!tin, others to a lo"alt" test' atters !o%ere& punish ()) ent' Pu:li!i=e An the !ontrar"H the" e0pressl":" its when !ir!u stan!es so pro%i&e in%esti,ation that an" ;u&, ent that the propert" warrant an& withwealth &ue pru&en!eHC (Se!tion se?uestere& is ill*,otten is to :e a&e :" 6ith respe!t to the pro%ision &e!larin, positions 12H +rti!le M5) a !ourt (the San&i,an:a"an) onl" after trial' %a!antH e%en the power to reor,ani=e !an not

3 *5Daw a" a" Darapatan rin Du uha poli!e n, 2) Neither 1) 18*"ear NoH the ol& is i&entifi!ation ,irlH the a re!eipt nei,h:or' of he-ann"H si,ne& @epa went a a& pri%ate toissi:leH the ser:is"o n, isan, a:o,a&o para aDatulon, his a ri,hts in%esti,ation personH station :" weeD anun&er e"ewitness later !usto&ial an& presente& &urin, the hiline*up self not to the o sa i :esti,as"on, ito at Dun, wala Dan, !annot &esD ha%in, ser,eant' :een :e e0!lu&e& o:ser%e&' Coin!i&entall"H in e%i&en!e' -e!i&e'the SU22ESTE! 5nrape a!!or&an!e %i!ti aDuhaH iDaw a" a in, :i:i,"an n, li:ren, with in was ANS4ER: the the rulin, pre An in the ises People assu e0e!utin, %s' ption @attonH an that e0tra;u&i!ial the 210 issues SC1+CS 1H a:o,a&oH ano n,a"on an, i"on, asasa:iLC the a!!use& state >ohannH is not entitle& alon, to :e si0 assiste& were ti ent' raise& the answers are as follows: 1) * el" Nan&i"an na an powith si Fis!al (point to:" ()) other suspe!tsH were pla!e& in a poli!e lineup !ounsel &urin, aFis!al poli!e line*upH it hin&i is not 3he pa!Da,es are a& issi:le in:e!ause e%i&en!e' ''' +ssistant +ni!eto 8alaputo) Da"a Do na DinaDailan,anan, part the an& of !usto&ial ,irl pointe& in%esti,ation' to hi asa:o,a&o'C the rapist' >ohann was arreste& an& lo!De& up in a !ell' >ohann was -urin, trial' >ose 6alan,taDot his ALTERNATI(E 2) 3hethe re!eipt ANS4ER5 isinnot a& issi:le !har,e& with rape !ourt :ut prior repu&iate& toin e%i&en!e' !onfession !onten&in, itto was a&e without OesH in ent <nite& States %' 338 <'S' 218 +!!or&in, to the rulin, in 6a&eH People %s' 8irantesH arrai,n in%oDe& histhat ri,ht preli inar" the assistan!e of !ounsel an& therefore (19)7) 209 SC1+ an& $il:ert 179H su!h %' &enie& CaliforniaH re!eipt is 338 in effe!t <'S' 2)3 an in%esti,ation' 3his was :" the ;u&,eH an& 5na& issi:le inhel& e%i&en!e' -e!i&e' (19)7)' it pro!ee&e&' was that on theprose!ution :asis ission of the of Si0thH e0tra;u&i!ial !onfession of the !o an thusH trial +fter the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: rather than offense' @en!eH the Fifth if it +was en&si,ne& ent (e?ui%alent without the to presente& se%eral witnessesH >ohann throu,h 3he >ose 6alan,taDot is +rt' 555H!onfession Se!' (2) of rather Se!' 12(1))H the assistan!e of 1# !ounselH in a!!or&an!e with Se!tion !ounselH in%oDe& the ri,ht to than :ail an& file& a ina& issi:le in e%i&en!e' 3he warnin, ,i%en to poli!e 12(3)H line*up +rti!le is whi!h su!h 5E of awas !riti!al the ConstitutionH sta,e that it !arries itthe is otion thereforH &enie& outri,ht :" hi isissi:le insuffi!ient infiles a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in Cpotential su:stantial pre;u&i!eC for reason ina& in now e%i&en!e' %'whi!h -uhanH 1#2 >u&,e' >ohann a PPeople petition for !ertiorari People %' -ueroH 10# SC1+ 379H shoul& ha%e the a!!use& SC1+ 100 (198))Q' is of entitle& to the he assistan!e of :efore the Court +ppeals ar,uin, that: 2) @e :een warne& also infor that he the ri,ht re ain Counsel' shoul& ha%e :een e&has of his ri,ht toto :e silent an& In*e%tigation5 that an" state ent aDes a" :e C-%todia Rig't% 6199?7 represente& :" !ounsel prior to he his i&entifi!ation use& as e%i&en!e a,ainst hi 'his 9esi&esH un&er +rt' 2) No' No' 3: -ann" 1) +H who !annot was asD arreste& that as !onfession a suspe!t to in aa %ia the poli!e line up' -e!i&e' 555H Se!' !ase 12(1) of the ConstitutionH the !ounsel newspaper ur&er reporter was notshoul& represente& :e e0!lu&e& :" !ounsel in assistin, person :ein, in%esti,ate& ust :e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: e%i&en!e' &urin, the a +s C?uestion hel& inan& People answerC %s' 9ernar&oH sta,e' @owe%erH 220 in&epen&ent' Fis!al +ni!eto 8alaputo 2T Pursuant to +ssistant the &e!ision inhis People SC1+ :efore he 31H was su!h asDe& an to a&si,n ission state wasus' not ents to a&e the !oul& not assist >ose 6alan,taDot' hel& Cast 213' SC1+ 777H >ohann nee& not :e in &urin, illo' poli!e in%esti,atorH a !usto&ial interro,ation the latter pro%i&e& :ut a +s %oluntar" + with a People %'of Ei&u"aH SC1+ his fun!tion is infor his ri,ht to !ounsel prior to his state e& !ounselH ent who a&e happene& to 189 the e&ia' to #03H :e at the poli!e to prose!ute inal !ases' 3o allow a!t as i&entifi!ation &urin, the poli!e line*up' 3heto poli!e station' +fter!ri !onferrin, with +H the hi !ounsel tol& &efense &urin, !usto&ial in%esti,ations C-%todia In*e%tigation5 Po Line<U$ 619977 line*up is !ounsel not part of !usto&ial in%esti,ationH sin!e the poli!e in%esti,ator that +i"e was rea&" to si,n woul& ren&er nu,ator" the !onstitutional of >ohann was not :ein, ?uestione& :ut was ri,hts erel" the state ents' the &urin, in%esti,ation' 6hat No' a!!use& 10: +H while on !usto&ial :oar& a passen,er ;eep one :ein, asDe& to e0hi:it his :o&" for i&entifi!ation :" the Constitution re?uires is presente& a of !ounsel who will Can the state ofa+,roup :e in !ourt ni,htH was hel& ents up :" three teena,ers a witness' effe!ti%el" un&ertaDe the of &efense of his !lient ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER as his !onfessionL /0plain' who for!i:l" &i%este& her her wat!hH ne!Dla!e without an" !onfli!t interest' 3he answer of 5t SU22ESTE! :e ar,ue& ANS4ER: that of in <nite& States %s' 6a&e' an&a" wallet !ontainin, P100'00' 3hat &oneH the trio >ose 6alan,taDot in&i!ates that he &i& not full" 388 1) NoH <'S' the 218 state (19)7) ents an& of + $il:ert !annot %s' :e California' presente& in ;u pe& off the passen,er ;eep an& fle&' 9H the un&erstan& his ri,hts' @en!eH it !annot :e sai& !ourt as his !onfession' @e was not assiste& :" 388 <'S' 2)3 (19)7) 5t was hel& that on the :asis ;eep &ri%erH an& + !o plaine& to the poli!e to that he Dnowin,l" an& intelli,entl" wai%e& those of !ounsel the Si0thH &urin, rather the than a!tual the ?uestionin,' Fifth +of en& 3here ent is no who the" ,a%e &es!ription the !ulprits' ri,hts' showin, that the law"er who :elate&l" !onferre& (e?ui%alent to the +rt' ;eep 555' se!' 1# (2) rather se!' to +!!or&in, to &ri%erH he woul&than :e a:le 12 with (1))H hi the full" poli!e e0plaine& lineup to su!h hi a C!riti!al the an& i&entif" the !ulprits if is presente& to nature hi sta,eC ' Ne0t !onse?uen!es of !onfession' 5ntoPeople that it !arries Cpotential su:stantial pre;u&i!eC for%s' ornin, + an& 9 his were su one& the poli!e C-%todia to Co-n%e whi!h Co pil reason 2## In*e%tigation5 SC1+ the a!!use& 132H the is Rig't entitle& Supre to e the Court hel& station where fi%e persons were line& up :efore 689997 that a!!use& ust :e assiste& :" i&entifie& !ounsel assistan!e of !ounsel' the the for i&entifi!ation' + an& 9 positi%el" No An A!to:er 1H 1982H 1a +fter os was arreste& &urin, the a!tual ?uestionin, an& the :elate& C M5' an& as the !ulprits' preli inar" :" a se!urit" ,uar& :e!ause he appeare& :e C-%todia In*e%tigation5 Rig't% assistan!e ofC !ounsel :efore he si,ne& the in%esti,ation' an& - an& one 619997 >ohn -oeto were Csuspi!iousC an& :rou,ht to a poli!e pre!in!t No' 9; So with e poli!e a!tin, !onfession &oes notoperati%esH !ure in the an &efe!t' !har,e& ro::er" inforun&er ationa file& where the !ourse of the in%esti,ation he lawfull" issue& for the purpose a,ainst in the inwarrant !ourt' C an& set upH of in &efenseH a& itte& he was the Diller in an unsol%e& ALTERNATI(E sear!hin, for firear s inapprehensionH the @ouse of Marrest lo!ate& at the ille,alit" of ANS4ER: their an& ho i!i&e !o itte& a weeD earlier' 3he OesH the state ents of the + !an :e presente& inof No' 10 Shaw 9oule%ar&H Pasi,H 8etro 8anilaH !onfine ent :ase& on i&entifi!ation a&e pro!ee&in,s of his in !ourt as his !onfession' hel& inwere People foun&H instea& of sH+s tenline*up Dilo,ra swhi!h of put%s' the :" + an& 9firear at a in%esti,ation poli!e at the" writin, an& &ate& A!to:er 1H 1982H an& the onl" 1ousH 2#2 assiste& SC1+ 732H if the a!!use& was !o!aine' were not :" e%en !ounsel' @ow woul& "ou parti!ipation of assi,ne& to hi was his (1) 8a" the sai& poli!e lawfull" not assiste& :" !ounsel !ounsel &urin, the ?uestionin,H resol%e the issues raise& :"operati%es C an& -L ere presen!e an& si,nature state sei=e the !o!aineL /0plain "our answer' his !onfession is a& issi:le ifon hethe was a:le ent' to 3he a& 8a" of the he state ent of the 1a le,alit" os was (2) M su!!essfull" !hallen,e !onsult aissi:ilit" law"er :efore si,ne&' pla!e& in issue :ut ,roun& the prose!ution !lai s that SU22ESTE! of the sear!h on ANS4ER: the that the pea!e the taDen A!to:er 1H 1982 3he!onfession offi!ers C-%todia ar,u &i&ents In*e%tigation5 not was infor of the a!!use& hi on Rig't% a:out are his 619897 untena:le' ri,ht to an& +s the 1987 Constitution pro%i&in, for the ri,ht No' 7: reports that ?uantities of to hel&ain re inPursuin, People silent an& %s' his +!otH ri,ht 232 to,reat SC1+ !ounselL #0)H /0plain the !ounsel of&ru,s !hoi!e an& opportunit" toat retainH tooD prohi:ite& are :ein, s u,,le& e warrantless "our answer' arrest of a!!use& ro::ers 5 ni,htti e&iatel" effe!t onl" on Fe:ruar" 2H offi!ers 1987 an& !annot :e (3) throu,h Suppose the shores the ofpea!e Ca%iteH the e Southern were a:le 7u=on to after their !o ission of the !ri :" poli!e ,i%en retroa!ti%e effe!t' 1ule on this' (3N) fin& Co unli!ense& an& set firear !he!Dpoints in the at house the en& in an of offi!ers sent toup looD fors the on the :asis ofthe the a&;a!ent Ca%ite !oastal lotHrelate& that roa& is':" to NoH sear!h 12 Shaw infor ation the %i!ti s is

passin, %ali& SU22ESTE! un&er otor Se!tion ANS4ER: %ehi!les' 2(:)'1ule + 113 of ol& the :o"H 1ules who on 9oule%ar&H whi!h is 19*"ear also owne& :" M' 8a" C-%todia In*e%tigation5 E,traE-di"ia Con#e%%ion Cri 3he finishe& !onfession inal fifth Pro!e&ure' ,ra&eH of 1a while +!!or&in, os&ri%in,H is not to a& was People issi:leH stoppe& %s'sin!e :" the" lawfull" sei=e the sai& unli!ense& 689917 7a the authorities sin,H 2#8 SC1+ at /0plain the !he!Dpoint' #71H the ri,ht 6ithout to !ounsel an" !ounsel assi,ne& to hi &i& not a&%ise hi of firear sL "our answer' No 5M * 1afaelH Carlos >oseph were a!!use& &oes o:;e!tion not e0ten& fro toHthat poli!e hisan& !ar line*upsH was inspe!te&H :e!ause an& the" of his ri,hts' 3he hi fa!t his !onfession was taDen ur&er :efore the 1e,ional 3rial Court of 8anila' are SU22ESTE! the sear!h notthe part "iel&e& of !usto&ial ANS4ER: ari;uana in%esti,ations' lea%es hi&&en @owe%erH in the :efore effe!ti%it" of the 1987 Constitution is of (1) OesH the operati%es a" prohi:ite& lawfull" sei=e +!!use& a!!or&in, trunD !o ent' >oseph part topoli!e People ent turne& of %s' the 8a!an state !ar' 3he 238 SC1+ a,ainst 30)H &ru, his no o /%en prior to the witness effe!ti%it" of the the !o!aineH '''' !o*a!!use& after was pro the start ptl" 1afael of sei=e&H !usto&ial an& an& CarlosH in%esti,ationH the :o" was was :rou,ht if the to 1987 ConstitutionH the Supre ean& Court alrea&" a!!use& the poli!e was station not assiste& for ?uestionin,' :" the !ounselH an" a!!or&in,l" &is!har,e& infor ation' lai& &own stri!t rules on fro wai%er of the ri,hts (2) NoHin%esti,ation M !annot su!!essfull" the i&entifi!ation of the a!!use& in!hallen,e a poli!e line*up is + on, the e%i&en!e presente& :" the prose!ution &urin, in the !ase of People %' $alitH (1) 6as the sear!h without le,alL le,alit" of the sear!h si pl"warrant :e!ause the pea!e ina& issi:le' was an e0tra;u&i!ial !onfession a&e :" >oseph 132 SC1+ #)2 (1982)' (2) 9efore interro,ationH poli!e an on offi!ers &i&!usto&ial not infor 5n%esti,ationH hi the a:out his to &ut" &urin, the i ri,ht pli!atin, C-%todia infor e& the In*e%tigation5 :o" /n,lish that Rig't he &oes to Co-n%e Cha%e a re ain silent an& in his ri,ht !ounsel' Se!tion 1afael an& Carlos whoH heto sai&H to,ether with hi C-%todia ri,ht to+rti!le re !o In*e%tigation5 ain an& the Rig't ri,ht to to Co-n%e !ounsel'C 5 619887 12(1)H 555silent of the 1987 Constitution pro%i&es: (>oseph)H itte& the !ri e' 3he e0tra;u&i!ial No' Re"ei$t @owe%erH 12: +r o# there Pro$erty an&o was Sala no Sei)ed !ounsel an!aH 689987 aa%aila:le notorious as poli!e it of !onfession was e0e!ute& without the assistan!e No E555' C+n" Ane person a passen,er un&er in%esti,ation :us !on&u!tor foun& !hara!terH was i&ni,ht' !a&a" @e e un&er &e!lare& !usto&ial orall" that in%esti,ation hefor &i&the not for !ounsel' a ro::er" nee& anBs an" !o han&:a, law"er ission as left he of inan was the offense :us' inno!entH shall the ha%e he the in Caloo!an Cit"' Fro 6hen thesin!e outsetH the !on&u!tor was onl" ri,ht :rin,in, opene& toinfor :e the infor the :a,H ari;uana e& he of foun& lea%es ri,ht insi&e to to his a ain poli!e offi!ers e& hi ofhis his ri,ht tore re ain +!!use& 1afael an& Carlos %ehe entl" o:;e!te& e plo"er inalso (ue=on Cit" to an& was a &ru, !atlin, !ar& silent with an& the tori,ht ha%e ownerBs !o na petent e (-ante an& $alan,) silentH an& his ha%e anot !ounsel of his on the ,roun& that e0tra;u&i!ial !onfession user' @e was !har,e& with ille,al an& a&&ressH in&epen&ent fewsai& hun&re& !ounsel peso prefera:l" :illsH of his a of sthe all !hoi!eH if hea !oul& affor& one possession or ifan& notH was ina& issi:le in his e%i&en!e the ' su!h prohi:ite& &ru,s' 5s wai%er ofhi the ri,ht to plasti! :a, own !ontainin, !hoi!e'C a white a,ainst pow&er" su:stan!e' ,o%ern ent woul& pro%i&e with !ounsel %ali&L @e :rou,ht the pow&er" su:stan!e to the National !ounsel' +s SU22ESTE! hel& of in 5n%esti,ation People ANS4ER: %' -"Hfor 128 SC1+ 111' this 9ureau la:orator" e0aforination 1ule whether the sai& e0tra;u&i!ial !onfession (1) NoH the sear!h was not %ali&H :e!ause there @e thanDe& the poli!e in%esti,atorsH an& &e!lare& pro%ision to appl"H a suspe!t ust :e un&er an& iton was &eter ine& to :e etha pheta ine is a&he was no issi:le pro:a:le in !ause '''' or not' (2N) that full" un&erstan&s the ri,hts enu erate& in%esti,ation' 3here was no in%esti,ation in%ol%e& h"&ro!hlori&e ore%i&en!e sha:uH a prohi:ite& &ru,' -anteto hi this H :ut thatH he is %oluntaril" wai%in, the ' in !ase' $alan, was su:se?uentl" tra!e& an& foun& an& FIRST ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: (2) NoH the wai%er of the ri,ht to !ounsel is not Clai in, that he sin!erel" &esires to atone for :rou,ht to the N95 Affi!e where he a& itte& his +!!or&in, to %s' 9alisterosH 237 SC1+ (3) %ali&H 3he sin!e unli!ense& it People was not firear re&u!e& s store& in writin, at 12 an& Shaw is&ee&sH he ,a%e a written state ent on his ownership of the han&:a, an& its !ontents' 5n the #99 (199#)H the !onfession is a& issi:le' <n&er 9oule%ar& a&e in the presen!e a" lawfull" of :e !ounsel' sei=e& <n&er ''' Se!tion parti!ipation in the !ri e un&er in%esti,ation' !ourse of the interro,ation :" N95 a,entsH an& Se!tion 12H presen!e +rti!le 555 of the ConstitutionH the 12(1)H +rti!le 555 of the 1987 Constitution to :e without the an& assistan!e of !ounselH C-%todia In*e%tigation5 Rig't% 6199:7 !onfession %ali&H the wai%er is ina& ust issi:le :e onl" a&e a,ainst in writin, the an& one in $alan, was a&e to si,n a re!eipt for the plasti! 5n No' the #: 7arr" !ourse was of an the o%erni,ht trial of the ,uest !ri in inal a !ase otel' for who the presen!e !onfesse&' of !ounsel' Anl" the one whose ri,hts were :a, an& its sha:u !ontents' $alan, was !har,e& the +fter sa he !he!De& e ro::er"H out the the followin, written &a"H a& the ission of %iolate& !an raise the o:;e!tion as his ri,htan& is was with ille,al possession of prohi:ite& &ru,s Sala !ha :er an!a ai& whi!h foun& he an ,a%e atta!he &urin, !ase the whi!h she personal' !on%i!te&' An appeal he !onten&s that * !usto&ial SECON! ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER5 in%esti,ationH sur ise& was was left :ehin& presente& :" 7arr"' as the She onl" turne& e%i&en!e it +!!or&in, People us' >araH 1## SC1+ of his o%er to,uilt' theto5f ana,er "ou were whoH his to &eter !ounselH inewhat the na woul& e 21)(198))H the is ina& the issi:le' 5f it is "ou an& &oL a&&ress /0plain of !onfession the "our ownerH answer' opene& atta!he !ase SU22ESTE! +' 3he plasti! ANS4ER: :a, its are ina& saw issi:le a,ainst thean& one who !onfesse&H an& pa!Da,es whi!h ha& a!ontents pe!uliar s ellwith an& 5 woul& ina& issi:le o:;e!t in to e%i&en!e it on the :ein, ,roun& the pro&u!t that the of wai%er an ore s?uee=in, reason it shoul& :e ina& issi:le a,ainst upon felt liDe &rie& lea%es' @is !uriosit" ille,al sei=ure; (3N) of the sear!h ri,hts to silen!e an& toan& !ounsel isone %oi&H others' arouse&H the an& ana,er a&e an openin, on of 9' 3he re!eipt he si,ne& is alsospresen!e ha%in, :een a&e without the of the pa!Da,es an& tooD se%eral ,ra of the C-%todia In*e%tigation5 E,traE-di"ia ina& issi:le as his ri,hts un&er !usto&ial !ounsel' (+rt' 555H se!' 12(1); People %' to $alitH 132 !ontents thereof' @e tooD the pa!Da,es the N95H Con#e%%ion5 Po i"e Line<U$ 6199;7 in%esti,ation were not o:ser%e&' (2N) SC1+ #)2 (1980)' 3he wai%er ust the also :e in an& in the presen!e of a,entsH opene& No' 10: the +n infor ation for parri!i&e was file& -e!i&e !ase with writin,H althou,h this reasons' re?uire ent i,ht possi:l" pa!Da,esH the !ontents of whi!h upon la:orator" a,ainst SU22ESTE! -ann"' ANS4ER: +fter theto N95 an e"ewitness ha%e :een !o plie& with in this !ase :" e0a inationH turne& out :efoun& ari;uana flowerin, +' 5t is a& was issi:le''' to the !o ission of the e' -ann" was to the e :o&"in, the wai%er in !ri the written !onfession' 5t topsH 7arr" su:se?uentl" foun&H :rou,ht 9' 3he re!eipt $alan, si,ne& without the 3H pla!e& in awhere poli!e line*up where he was i&entifie& shoul& also :ewhi!h note& thatitte& un&er 1ule 13#H N95 Affi!e he a& ownership of se!' the assistan!e of !ounsel is not a&' +fter issi:le as theifone shot %i!ti the line*upH e%en thewho e0tra;u&i!ial !onfession is in %ali&H atta!he !ase an& thethe pa!Da,es' @e was a&eit tois e%i&en!e' +s a hel& in People 27# SC1+ -ann" a&e !onfession to%' a CastroH newspaper not a ,roun& for !on%i!tion if it is not si,n a suffi!ient re!eipt for the pa!Da,es' 7arr" was !har,e& 112 U1997)H sin!e the re!eipt a Can &o!u ent@e reporter who inter%iewe& 'is 1) -ann" !lai !orro:orate& :" e%i&en!e of !orpus &eli!ti' in !ourt for possession of hi prohi:ite& &ru,s' was a& the !har,e&H $alan, shoul& that ittin, his i&entifi!ation :" !on%i!te&' Anoffense appealH he now poses the followin, e"ewitness :e!ounsel e0!lu&e& on the ,roun& ha%e the :een assiste& :" as re?uire& issues: 1) 3he pa!Da,es are ina& issi:le in:" that line*up without C-%todia In*e%tigation5 Rig't to :enefit Co-n%e +rti!le 555Hthe Se!tion 11was of the a&e Constitution' e%i&en!e of his !ounselL 2) Can -ann" !lai that his 6199:7 !onfession No' 17; 5n :e his e0tra;u&i!ial !onfession e0e!ute& e0!lu&e& on the ,roun& that he was an& not C-%todia In*e%tigation5 Po i"e Line<-$ 6199:7 :efore :ein, the the poli!e pro&u!t authoritiesH of an ille,al >ose sear!h 6alan,taDot affor&e& C8iran&aC ri,htsL in a fit of ;ealous"' sei=ure; a& itte& his Dillin, his ,irlfrien& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: No' 9:a& >ohann learne& the poli!e were 3his ission was that a&e after the followin, looDin, hi in !onne!tion answer for an& ?uestion to wit: with the rape of an

No' an& 5f una%aila:ilit" hi !-e 5 were H9: Pro"e%%5 an& aDes 8a!a:e:eH the a re*in%esti,ation %iolation ;u&,eH ofFor#eit-re prose!ution Pa 5 of woul& the pan,a Pro"eeding% prohi:ition was &en" witnesses has !on&u!te&' the se%eral awho otion' !ri 6199:7 :arrios !oul& 3he e3he !ri or&inan!eH an re!ei%e& the offen&e& pro!ee&in,sH e fallin, the un&er e%i&en!eH part"' !on%i!tion an& the @ow in !hapter in the or woul& %iolation a!?uittal laston "ou anal"sis !ri ofresol%e un&er the inal C@e to either a%oi& who punisha:le not offi!e No' :e 1#: of foun& 3he the :" Fis!al SIS or a lo!ate&H fine C8aso"C su:se?uentl" of P2H000'00 the ofis !ri Pana inal re!o to anian !ase P100H000'00 en&e& was re,istr"H &is alon, issal the of Pa the pan,a first !ase ri%er' 3o %oi& ser%i!e an& the &oes nee&s not ne,li,en!eH $eral&Bs shall &e!i&es a is!arria,e !onstitute !ontentionsL ust while hearC of a;usti!e' :ar a:an&on rule' to /0plain' another 5s he ent !orre!tL (#N) prose!ution of oneBs 2)%i!ti Anfor the is an&Ior pen&in, &is while issal' i oore& trial prison An for >anuar" atathe ent perio& of South 11H not of19))H se%en less @ar:orH than the "ears' was Cit" )issal onths <pon 8a"or foun& nor to ,i%e of their rise to resi&entst &ou:le ;eopar&"' the uni!ipalit" 3he &is has of :een the a !ri SU22ESTE! the ,roun& sae that e fallin, a!t' there 5n un&er ANS4ER: this was !aseH the a %iolation !hapter the saon ofe&ue !ri a!t pro!ess es is returne& ore otion than ofthe a!!use& 10 re!or&s "ears' /rnin, 5f of aliens the who !ase are in%oDe& to arreste& the Cit" his for ri,ht Fis!al ha%e !ontra:an& ,oo&s on :oar&' 3he Custo s a,ainst $eral&e in%ol%e& :e!ause !-e Pro"e%%5 se!urit"' !annot in the the !otwo 0eeting in%oDe 3he plainantsH !ases' for &ou:le *%= er 3he the Hearing is ;eopar&"' re!Dless !o prose!utor itte& 619997 +!!or&in, :" an& the first operatin, !ase is a ar:itrar" ferr" ser%i!e an& at &enie& the sa the e prose!ution ri%erH for to a fishin, spee&" for the su: within trialH ission the this !ourt =one of an &is :ut appropriate for isse& so the e set reason resolution !ase' are 3ea foun& out that the %essel &i& notfi%e ha%e the i hearin, No pru&en!e E555 of *offi!ers C' !ulpaH An whi!h No%e were while resulte& all the :er su:or&inates latter 7H in1990H ph"si!al is SC1+ !o nine of in;uries itte& law"ers the 95:" of &ue nu :er pro!ess of "ears of law' alrea&"' 3he trial was &a"s toeans Pere= %' Court of +ppealsH 1)8 23)H a!?uitte&H :ut no resolution the &e!ision was su: a,ainst itte&' the An no !annot 8ar!h 3H :e arose Co the eans 7e,al fro issioners of &olo' -epart the sa Failure who e ent ren&ere& a!t to of of help &ri%in, O 9anD oneBs the &eportation un&er %i!ti who the were is not all re?uire& shipBs per it an& shippin, &o!u ents' there is no i&entit" :etween !onsente& a:&u!tion after the arrai,n ent' 3here was suffi!ient So eti eto in 1987H the uni!ipalit" was ser%e& appeale& 19)8H the Cit" the Fis!al Court trans of +ppeals itte& the :e!ause re!or&s that to an offense influen!e &e!ision' 5s of:" he li?uor' itself !orre!tL 5n nor Oap an %' ele 7uteroH ent re!Dless 3he an& its !ar,o were hel& an& warrant un&er Fre& 3orreH sent a of !o plaint to ti e %essel to su:poena the witnesses an& thisawas the a an& ?ualifie& se&u!tion' /%entuall"H !op" an the or&er prose!ution the witnesses 7an& 3ansportation surfa!e&H woul& the Cit" pla!e the re!o in fro &ou:le en&in, ;eopar&"' that final 3his a!tion is hel& so $'1' No' ent 7*12))9H +pril 30H 1929H the Supre i ana,e pru&en!e' 5ta!!usin, erel" 5n!reases penalt" :" e 3orre ofthe a:usi%e !on&u!t of Sei=ure an& -etention was issue& after &ue first ti of e8a"or the witnesses faile& to appear' +s an& a !ri:einal !ase for ho i!i&eH in%ol%in, thethe wellPeople thereon Fran!hisin, esta:lishe& a&e an& :" 1e,ulator" the the Cit" Supre 9oar& e 9oar& Court of turne& (73F19)H CANS/N3/SU22ESTE! +9-<C35AN re?uires that one &e,ree' Court hel& thatANS4ER: an ent' a!!use& who was a!?uitte& in%esti,ation' 5nthat the !ourse of the 1#2H forfeiture an& is ana,e Furnishe& with athe !op"of of in %s' -e!laro 170 SC1+ &own sa 5n%esti,ators ,rantin, e in!i&ent an" aof !ertifi!ate pleas was for file& +lthou,h re*e0a offailure anew pu:li! ination a,ainst the !on%enien!e C95 of /rnin,' &i& not to to 8r' 1) NoH Ste%ie not +sthe hel& in:e +&a taDin, &ri%in, re!Dlessl" ofis the offen&e& in!orre!t' %iolation part" of an ust or&inan!e withson the !oawa" plaintH 3orre &enie& !har,es' 3wo pro!ee&in,sH the ship !aptain an& the shipBs &is issal a(C95)' !ase for of the witnesses !o-b e .eo$ardy 619977 &o!trineat +!!use& !on&u!t an first /rnin, in%esti,ationH announ!e& o%e& in the Gepner &is re!or&s issal of show <nite& the that !ase + +&a sonH 5n!' %s' + oresH 122 SC1+ 237H 1i!ar&o 8a!apinla!H a for resi&ent of%'8a!a:e:eH her !onsentH after soli!itation or fro the !oul& not :e prose!ute& for &a!a;oler" a,e to!alle& propert" resi&ent a,ent e0e!ute& sworn state ents :efore &a"s laterH the law"ers an& 3orre were to a appear the initial hearin, is ar:itrar" an& %oi&to No' inistrati%e 2: 3he San,,unian, Panlun,so& of 8anila States' :oth the 11 8uni!ipal Phil' ))9 9oar& (190#)' an& 3he the &o!trine Fis!alBs Affi!e sai& to on operate the ,roun& ferr" ser%i!e of &ou:le a!ross ;eopar&"' the 3he sa !ontra:an& e is ri%er an& a& &ue &oes not re?uire that offen&erH throu,h re!Dless an& the taDin, i pro!ess pru&en!e awa" of :e!ause the offen&e& the two !onferen!e in the offi!e of the 9oar& Chair an to the Custo le,al offi!er ittin, that an& &oes not ,i%e rise toa& &ou:le ;eopar&"' :e part an& e0hausti%el" par!el hear& the onl" !ase of with settle& :oth parties appro%e& an or&inan!e (No' 1000) prohi:itin, the prose!ution o:;e!te&H ittin, the reason that it the a!tual taDin, of testi on" or e the presentation :etween the sanot esu: :arrios :ein, ser%i!e& part" ust :e with lew& &esi,ns' An the !har,es were :ase& on the sa a!t' 5nother People !ar,o were foun& a:oar& the %essel' 3he ,i%e their respe!ti%e si&es of !ontro%ers"' ;urispru&en!e affor&e& a:" ple :ut opportunit" also of !onstitutional to a&&u!e their law'+ Nor operation in streets the !it"hel& lithereat' its of was presentl" not a:le the to present uni!ipalit"Bs the sai& ferr" witnesses :oats' earlier !he!D of e%i&en!e :efore the sa e re?uires offi!er who will han&H %H 1elo%aH (<+75F5/1#8 SC1+ S/-<C35AN 292 (1987)H it was that that the @owe%erH no the a,ree ent within was rea!he& shippin, lines o:;e!t to the a& ission of the !o-b .eo$ardy 619997 &oes e%i&en!e ite atter an& ar,ue that the their a!!use& !ause' are 3he aliens' Poli!e 3his ta0i!a: units "ears ol& (fro "ear of :e!ause the latter into hi&in, out of fear' &e!i&e the !ase' of the re!or&s of went the appli!ation of 8a!apinla! !ri e :e !o itte& ei,ht :" a:use authorit"H when there iso%er i&entit" in the of a!t punishe& :" a state ents as e%i&en!e !onten&in, that &urin, 9anD -ire!tor 1o ulo 8oret was tasDe& to looD +' -is!uss the ri,ht of e%er" a!!use& a,ainst ,uarantee Co ission has foun& :een $at&ula applie& ,uilt" e%en on to aliens without of anufa!ture)' 3heatter' i posa:le penalt" fora!?uittal %iolation 1esol%e shows that the the otion' appli!ation (2N) was file& so :asis e onths !onfi&en!e law an& an or or&inan!eH relationship !on%i!tion an& et thewith offen&er or ha& further into the @e the law"ers their e0e!utionH the !aptain an& the shippin, SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: &ou:le ;eopar&"L (2N) 5n + eri!an 3o:a!!o Co' %' of no PatentsH thou,ht the re!or&s of their forwar&e& !iti=enship' :":" the (See C95' e','H $at&ula People %'of +n,su!h Chio thereof iswith a fine of with P#H000'00 or i :ut prison ent for :eforeH set for hearin,H an& noti!es se0ual inter!ourse the wo an' un&er either shall :ar prose!ution un&er the a,ent were not assiste& !ounselH in %iolation of to,ether 3orre se%eral ti -ire!tor es to a%ail' GioH 92 Phil' #72 SU22ESTE! 3he otion shoul& ANS4ER: :e ,rante&' +s in Caes of )7 287H theitte& Supre e Court3hereafter has rule& an& that !hallen,e& the a&%erse &e!ision ofhel& the Poli!e oneSC1+ "ear upon the errin, operator' hearin, were pu:lishe& in two newspapers other' 8oret then su: a report sustainin, the &ue pro!ess' -e!i&e' (192#) (Chinese pre%iousl" !on%i!te& of ur&er); People %' +!!or&in, totheori=in, 8elo %' the PeopleH 82 Phil' 7))H the us' 5nter e&iate +ppellate CourtH SC1+ 2# SECON! ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: so lon, as the &e!ision on the erits of the Co ission that he was &epri%e& of while the !it" or&inan!e was alrea&" in effe!t' ,eneral !ir!ulation in town of179 8a!a:e:eH an& !har,es of thea!tual law"ers' 3he 9oar& Chair an Po ero"H 97 Phil 927 (1922) ( + eri!an pre%iousl" !on%i!te& of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: rule of &ou:le ;eopar&" eans that when ha& a (1989)H the &is issal of a5s !ri inal !ase 3he 3here &ela" is no in filin, &ou:le the se!on& ;eopar&" !ase :e!ause &oes not the a!t &ue pro!ess' (uestions: the Poli!e !ases is a&e :" the offi!er authori=e& :" law to Con,ress ena!te& a law (1epu:li! +!t No' 200) in the pro%in!e of Pa pan,a' 3he uni!ipalit" wrote 3orre to infor hi that the :anD ha& re:ellion with ur&erH arson an& ro::er")' 3he a& ission of ri,ht the state ents of that the !aptain person was !har,e& with offense an& the pre&i!ate& on the of the a!!use& to a !onstitute penali=e& par&onH un&er a!!or&in, the 1e%ise& to +rti!le Penal 3## Co&e of the is Co ission :oun& :" the fin&in,s the Cit" &e!i&eH the power to hol& a hearin, on the :asis of prohi:itin, the operation in the streets of !ities ne%er :een &ire!tl" ser%e& aan !op" of noti!e of !hosen the !o passionate option of Cwaitin,C for an& shippin, a,ent as e%i&en!e not !ase was ter inate& :" a!?uittal or !on%i!tion or spee&" trial a ha& ounts to an a!?uittal for failure of 1e%ise& &ifferent Penal fro Co&eH a!t to penali=e& :e %ali& the :" the par&on or&inan!e of ten Fis!alL $at&ulaBs protestation of la!D or&i& non* whi!h &e!ision will :e a&e !an :e &ele,ate& throu,hout thethe !ountr" of ta0i!a: units :e"on& hearin, nor the San,,unian, 9a"an :een 3orreBshis resi,nation' 3orre was asDe&H without !o-bthe e 5s .eo$ardy 6199:7 %iolate &ue pro!ess e%en if the" were not in an" other anner without his !onsentH he the prose!ution to pro%e his ,uilt an& :ars his the of 8aDati offen&er Cit"' :" 3he the offen&e& 1e%ise& Penal part" Co&e ust :e penali=es o:ser%an!e of &ue pro!ess well*,roun&e&L an& is not offensi%e to &ue pro!ess' 3he "ears ol&' 3he i posa:le penalt" for %iolation re?ueste& 8a!apinla! for >oe an" si&eswipe& operate' 3he :ein, &is isse&H to turn o%er the &o!u ents Court of all No' 13: + :" Pa;ero &ri%en :" a assiste& :" !ounsel' 5n Fee&er 5nternational 7ineH !annot a,ain :e !har,e& with the sa e or su:se?uent prose!ution for the sa e offense' e0pressl" re!Dless pru&en!e resultin, inis ph"si!al in;uriesH /0plain "our answers' (#N) note& that: C+s lon, as a part" not &epri%e& of thereof isi ,i%en' the sa as in No' 1000' +H uni!ipalit" i e&iatel" a inotion for !ases han&le& :"e hi toAr&inan!e another offi!ial of the otor!"!le &ri%en :" Nelsonfile& resultin, &a a,e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Pts' 7t&' %' Court of +ppealsH 197 SC1+ 8#2H 5t i&enti!al offense' while the or&inan!e of 8aDati Cit" penali=es his ri,ht to present his own !ase an& su: it an ownerIoperator of a unit re?ueste& operatin, for in re!onsi&eration with the 73F19 was &enie&' :anD :ut 3orre refuse& tota0i!a: resi,n an& to the otor!"!le an& in;uries to whi!h Nelson' >oe spe& !o-b e .eo$ardy 689987 3he Poli!e Co ission is not :oun& :" the !o-b e .eo$ardy 689997 was hel& that the assistan!e of !ounsel is not &ri%in, un&er the influen!e of li?uor' e%i&en!e in8anilaH support thereofH the &e!isionhis is theCfull Cit" hearin,C' of was !har,e& with %iolation of 5t to ,i%in, the Supre e Court on a petition for a -a"s laterHan& he reiterate& onwent without assistan!e to Nelson' 3he Fis!al !o-b No 5M' e +.eo$ardy 3a araw 619997 FM &ri%en +sion, fin&in,s of the Cit" Fis!al' 5n :" 8an,u:at %' &e (1) No :" Fran!is!o with li:elH Pa:lo in&ispensa:le to &ue pro!ess in a forfeiture supporte& e%i&en!e in the in, re!or&H there is the ME' !it" Char,e& or&inan!e' <pon arrai,n entH he plea&e& !ertiorari to nullif" the or&er ,rantin, !ertifi!ate re?uest for:" a the Cfull hearin,CH !lai that he ha& file& two infor ations a,ainst >oeH to wit: C' An A!to:er 21H 198)H "ear ol& Eir,inia Cas!aseroH who was &runDH si&eswipe& aare CastroH 1)3 SC1+ )08H it 17 was hel& that the Poli!e was arrai,ne& on the >anuar" 3H 2000H was pro!ee&in,s sin!e su!h pro!ee&in,s not no that re?uire ents of &ue pro!ess not ?uestion ,uilt"; whereuponH was Pre*trial set fi%e &a"s of pu:li! to 8a!apinla! on two :een C!onstru!ti%el" &is trial isse&C' 8oret assure& re!Dless i !on%enien!e pru&en!e resultin, in &a a,e to Sa,ra&o :rou,ht a !o plaint a,ainst 8artin pe&estrian alon, /-S+ in 8aDati Cit"H resultin, in !o-b e .eo$ardy5 ReF-i%ite% 619997 Co ission is not prohi:ite& fro aDin, its own &ispense& with an& !ontinuous trial was set for !ri inal inwith nature' an& fair trial full" et' 5n there is no thereafter' For failure of the to appear at ,roun&s: 3orre that he are is Cfree to re witnesses ainshortH in the e plo" of propert" ph"si!al in;uries un&er +rt' 3)2H $eral&e 1 -enial for !onsente& of &ue pro!ess a:&u!tion' to the 6ith uni!ipalit"; the 9' 6hat are the re?uisites of on &ou:le ;eopar&"L ph"si!al in;uries to the latter' 3he pu:li! fin&in,s on the :asis of its own e%aluation ofent the of 8ar!h 7Hthe 8 an& 9H 2000' An the first settin,H the a:ro,ation of responsi:ilit" the part a,ainst ofworD the trialH Cit" Court &is isse& the !ase the :anDC e%en if he has no parti!ular 1PCH :efore the 13C; an& (2) a:an&on a!!use& 8oreo%erH 2 For plea&in, failure the two stri!t not of 8a!apinla! ,uilt" of to arrai,n se!ure e%i&en!e entH appro%al an& of(2N) prose!utor file& separate infor ations a,ainst re!or&s' 7iDewiseH the protestation of la!D of &ue prose!ution o%e&as for its of postpone ent an& offi!er the a!tual &e!ision re ains +' 3he!on!erne& Cit" Prose!utor 8anila forthwith assi,n ent' +fter another re?uest for a file& Cfull oneBs %i!ti un&er par' 2 rules +rtupon 272H :efore the 83C' trial the San,,unian, ensue&' +fter 9a"an trialH a for ;u&, hi ent to operate of !on%i!tion a ferr" pro!e&ure will not appl" in a& inistrati%e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Cas!aseroH the first for re!Dless i pru&en!e pro!ess is not well*,roun&e&H sin!e the hearin,s !an!ellation the other settin,s its with with an&infor is of a&e :" offi!er' howe%erH another ation in sai& the sa e :e!ause !ourt !har,in, + hearin,C was i,nore&H 3orre file& a 5t !oisH plaint was ser%i!e ren&ere& inin 8a!a:e:eH a,ainst $eral&e' 6hen the !ase pro!ee&in,s liDe in;uries sei=ure an& forfeiture +s !o-b e .eo$ardy in Cuison 619887 %' Court of200 +ppealsH 289 resultin, ph"si!al un&er the 1e%ise& :efore the 8uni!ipal 9oar& an& the Cit" Fis!al prin!ipal an& pro:a:l" onl" witnessH the pri%ate re?uire& that to 1epu:li! ,i%e the su:stan!e of a hearin,H with hel& %iolation of +!t No' for operatin, the ar:itration :ran!h of N71C for ille,al was 1esol%e the to two itH the points in of the +ppeals petition re%erse& with No' 21: 3he Filipino sea en &etaine& pro!ee&in,s' 6hat is i Court portant is that the parties SC1+ 129H for a !lai of the &ou:le ;eopar&" to Penal Co&eH an& the se!on& for %iolation of an offere& $at&ula the !han!e to :e hear&' 3here is !o plainant Fran!is!oH su&&enl" ha& to ,oat whi!h is for the purpose of aDin, &eter inations the ta0i!a: unit su:;e!t infor ation inGota the &is issal' 1ea!tin, theretoH the :anD ter inate& >oe appeale& was arrai,ne&H trie& an& !on%i!te& for the reasons' ;u&, ent of the 3rial CourtH ratio!inatin, an& are affor&e& the opportunit" :e an& hear& an& @e the the Gina:aluH prosperH the alle,e&l" followin, fishin, re?uisites in 8ala"sian ust territorial or&inan!e of 8aDati Cit" prohi:itin, no &enial of &ue pro!ess if theto &e!ision was a:roa& to fulfill professional !o it !on!ur: ent' 3he upon e%i&en!e the offi!er who aDes the first !ase' 3he a!!use& o%e& to &is iss the ser%i!es ofa 3orre' (uestions: (a) 6as 3orre a:an&on ent of oneBs %i!ti in the 83C' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: rulin, as of follows: C3his isthe notinfluen!e to sa" that the (1) a first ;eopar&" has atta!he&; watersH ha& :een a!?uitte&H after trialHfile& :" &e!ision the a& inistrati%e authorit" :ase& on C!onstru!ti%el" penali=in, &ri%in, un&er ofis li?uor' ren&ere& on the :asis of e%i&en!e !ontaine& inthat ;u&,e instea& &is isse& the for failure to the &eter inations ust !onsi&er an& appraise se!on& !ase a,ainst hi!ase in%oDin, &ou:le &is isse&C :efore he his appeale& to the 13C' 5t was onl" a "ear later 3he petition for !ertiorari shoul& :e ,rante&H appellant &i& nothin, wron,'''she was se&u!e& :" (2) the first ;eopar&" %ali&l" inate&; su:stantial e%i&en!e' sessions !ourt in thewas sa e !it"' 3he" !oul& not :e Cas!asero was arrai,ne&H an& !on%i!te& for the an& &is!lose& totrie& the parties prose!ute' :) 6oul& the re%ersal of the trial an& e%i&en!e whi!h ;ustifies the ' ter >eopar&"' !o plaintL (:) $i%en the ultiple eetin,s hel& he re!or& was arrai,ne& in the re!Dless iaffe!te&' pru&en!e 1' +s a :efore part" &ire!tl" affe!te& :" operation of the a the appellant with ises (of arria,e) ;ust to (3) the se!on& is for the sa elaw"ers offense' release& an& returne& to the PhilippinesH re!Dless i pru&en!e resultin, in the ph"si!al in;uries !ourtBs assaile& &is issal of the !ase pla!e the is on, the :anD offi!ialsH the an& :e!ause 3orreH !har,e the pro 13C' @e plea&e& not ,uilt"' !-e ferr" Pro"e%%5 the 0edia 8uni!ipalit" Co*erage of 8a!a:e:eH d-ring Hearing a!!o ser%i!eH plish his lew& &esi,ns'C Oears laterH Eir,inia the prose!ution appeale& the not ;u&, ent an of un&er the 1e%ise& Penal Co&e' 6ith re,ar& to the a!!use& in &ou:le ;eopar&"L it !orre!t for hi ha& to sa" that (3N) he was ,i%en !-e Pa pan,a Pro"e%%5 was !e$ortation entitle& to :e 6199;7 &ire!tl" notifie& :" the opportunit" 6199?7 :rou,ht another !o plaint for (ualifie& Se&u!tion' + 2) first NoH;eopar&" Ste%ie atta!hes: not e &enie& &ue pro!ess si pl" a!?uittal to the Supre Court of 8ala"sia' se!on& !ase (i'e'H %iolation of the !it" or&inan!e)H to was :e hear&L /0plain "our answers' No' 9::ein, +of !o plaint was file& :" 5ntelli,en!e a,ents No 73F19 2: +t the its pro!ee&in,s trial of a rape relati%e !ase where to 8a!apinla!Bs the %i!tiof * (#N) @ow woul& SU22ESTE! 1 upon a ANS4ER: %ali& rule !o on plaint +Bs otion infor if "ou ation; were $eral&e presente& a 8otion toa (uash on the :e!ause the"ou !o plainantsH theor prose!utorH an& the upon arrai,ne&H he file& otion to ?uash Su:se?uentl"H the 13C affir e& the &e!ision of the 9ureau of 5 ;eopar&"H i,ration an& a,ainst -eportation (95-) !o appli!ationH plainant e%en was ifa the well 8uni!ipalit" Dnown personalit" ha& not while hearin, the 2 >u&,eL :efore a !o petent !ourt; ,roun& of ation &ou:le whi!h otion an& his :) Sin!e the postpone ent the !ase woul& offi!ers were allof su:or&inates ofnot the the infor in%oDin, his ri,ht &ou:le the 83C relati%e to the a:an&on ent ofnotifie& oneBs a,ainst Ste%ieH a $er an nationalH for his the 73F19 of the e0isten!e of the uni!ipal ferr" SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: a!!use& was a popular o%ie starH a 3E station +ssu 3 e after the arrai,n situations ent; ha& :een re%erse& an& a su:se?uent otion for re!onsi&eration were %iolate the ri,ht of the a!!use& to spee&" trialH Co issioner of 9ureau of 5 i,ration an& ;eopar&"' @e !onten&e& thatH un&er +rt' 555H %i!ti !har,e' >oe file& a petition for re%iew :efore &eportation as an un&esira:le alien' 3he ser%i!e' Noti!e :" pu:li!ation was not enou,h' 5f SU22ESTE! 5 were the ;u&,eH ANS4ER: 5 woul& ,rant the otion' 3he was allowe& :" the trial ;u&,e to tele%ise the entire # a %ali& entr" of plea; an& &enie&: (uestion: 8a" $eral&e %ali&l" in%oDe 8ala"sian ha& :een apprehen&e& in ShasiH SuluH the pre!ipitate &is issal of the !ase is %oi&' 3he -eportation' 5n a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in Se!tion 21 of the ConstitutionH if an a!t is the Court of +ppealsH in%oDin, his ri,ht to &ou:le 5 i,ration Co issioner &ire!te& the Spe!ial (8uni!ipalit" of /!ha,ue %' +:elleraH 1#) SC1+ 180 a) 3orre was !onstru!ti%el" &is isse&H as hel& in &is 2 issal the of &is the issal first or ter !ase ination for failure of the !ase of the &ou:le pro!ee&in,s ;eopar&" liDe in the ?uestionin, the institution of for an alle,e& offenseH !har,e& :efore the re%ersal of the &is issal will not pla!e /rian,er 4 $alin,erH 5n!' %s' Court of 5n&ustrial punishe& :" a law an& an or&inan!eH !on%i!tion or >eopar&"H !onten&in, that the prose!ution for 9oar& A'>' Si of pson 5n?uir" trial' to 3he !on&u!t a!!use& an 5n%esti,ation' o:;e!te& to the +t the (198)))' witnesses without /?uita:le the 9anDin, to e0press appear !onsent Corporation ter inate& of the the %' a!!use&' National first ;eopar&"' 7a:or the !ase for (ualifie& Se&u!tionL @e pla!e& 1e,ional 3rial Court an& after trial a!?uitte&' a!!use& in &ou:le >eopar&"' 1elationsH 110 Phil' #70H the fin&in,s of the a!?uittal un&er either shall !onstitute a :ar to a:an&on ent un&er +rt' 272 of the 1e%ise& Penal sai& 3E !o%era,e 5n%esti,ationH an& a law"er fro thee Supre the 7e,al ear,ue& Court ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: 1elations issionH SC1+ 322' +llowin, relian!e prin!ipall" on the Csa e%i&en!eC test to +s hel& in Co Caes %s' 5nter e&iate +ppellate CourtH su:or&inates are not 273 !on!lusi%e upon the another for the sa e a!t @e Co&e is prose!ution a :ar to petitione& the prose!ution for ne,li,en!e -epart ent of the 95presente& as witnesses the to prohi:it the sai& !o%era,e' +s the Supre e 8a" :) !-e Sin!e Pro"e%%5 the the Pro%in!ial &is Ab%en"e issal Fis!al of the o# of !enia !ase Sulu is 619997 %ali&H appeal its su!h support his stan!e' @e asserte& that the offenses 179 an e SC1+ plo"ee 2#H to the report &is issal for of worD a !ase without for failure :ein, Co issionersH who ha%e the &is!retion to a!!ept that the two !ri inal !har,es a,ainst hi un&er +rti!le 3)2 of the sa e Co&e' -e!i&e' 2' 6here a ferr" operation lies entirel" within three 5ntelli,en!e a,ents who file& the alle,e&l" !o No E555 * 9' An +pril )H Poli!e 8ario CourtH how woul& "ou on the petitionL ;u&, re%ersal ent will ofan" pla!e a!?uittal the to a!!use& the Supre in is &ou:le eAffi!er CourtH liDe with whi!h he was !har,e& arose fro the plaint' sathe e assi,ne& worD !onstitutes !onstru!ti%e of the witnesses foris the prose!ution to appear or re;e!t the ' 6hat i 19)3H portant that Ste%ie was ste e& fro the sa rule e a!t of &ri%in, uni!ipalit"H the prior appro%al of the 8uni!ipal An the :asis of the fin&in,sH report an& $at&ula was !har,e& :" the 8a"or with $ra%e /0plain' what ;eopar&"' the 8ala"sians &i& in the !ase of the set of fa!ts' Further oreH he a%erte& that the !onstitutes &is issal' an a!?uittal' 3he a!?uittal of + for not &epri%e& of his ri,ht to present his own !ase un&er the influen!e of li?uor whi!h !ause& the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ,o%ern ent is ne!essar"' '''' re!o en&ation of the 9oar& of Spe!ial 5n?uir"H 8is!on&u!t an& Eiolation of 7aw :efore the Filipino fisher en at Gota Gina:aluL /0plain "our !o plaint for (ualifie& Se&u!tion is :arre& :" %iolation of Ar&inan!e No' 1000 :ars his an& su: it e%i&en!e in support thereofH the a!!i&ent' 6as there &ou:le ;eopar&"L /0plain >oe !annot !lai that his !on%i!tion for 3he Supre e Court shoul& ,rant the petition' 5n the 95Co issioners unani ousl" %ote& for !o-b 8uni!ipal :) 3orre e .eo$ardy is 9oar&' !orre!t 3he in 689917 sa"in, 9oar& that in%esti,ate& he was not $at&ula ,i%en wai%er an& estoppel on the part of the answer' prose!ution for %iolation of 1epu:li! +!t No' 200' &e!ision is supporte& :" su:stantial e%i&en!eH an& "our answer (2N) a:an&onin, his %i!ti in %iolation of +rti!le 272 of its &ate& A!to:er the the the the SU22ESTE! No M * Se!tion For the ANS4ER: &eath of >oe"H /rnin, was Ste%ieBs &eportation' Ste%ieBs law"er ?uestione& :ut :efore the !oul& :e &e!i&e&H the Cit" !han!e to!ase :e +rti!le hear&' 3he eetin,s in theif !o plainantH she ha%in, opte& to1991H !onsi&er <n&er 21H in of the ConstitutionH !o issioners a!te& on their own in&epen&ent the1esolution 1e%ise& Penal Co&e is a 22H :ar to his Supre e Court prohi:ite& li%e ra&io an& tele%ision NoH !har,e& :e!ause with it the woul& !ri e pla!e of ho the i!i&e a!!use& :efore in the &eportation or&er 1) An the ,roun& that Ste%ie was !harter was appro%e&' 3he Cit" Fis!alH !itin, nature of !onsultations an& !onferen!es !annot !ase as !onsente& a:&u!tion' Finall"H he ar,ue& an a!t is punishe& :" a law an& an or&inan!eH !onsi&eration of the law an& fa!ts of the !aseH an& prose!ution for ne,li,en!e un&er +rti!le 3)2 of FIRST !o%era,e ALTERNATI(E of !ourt pro!ee&in,s ANS4ER: to prote!t the ri,ht &ou:le 1e,ional ;eopar&"H 3rial Court !ontrar" of Ealen=uela' to +rt' 555H @e se!' was 21 of &enie& &ue pro!ess :e!ause the 95Se!tion 30 of the !it" !harterH asserte& that he was :e !onsi&ere& as %ali& su:stitutes for the proper that her &ela" of ore than ei,ht (8) "ears :efore !on%i!tion or a!?uittal un&er either :ars another &i& not si pl" a!!ept the %iews of their the 1e%ise& Penal Co&e' +s hel& in 7a era %' OesH there is &ou:le ;eopar&"' <n&er theis se!on& of the parties to &ue pro!essH to pre%ent the our Constitution' arrai,ne&' -ue to Pnu No' erous 1299 postpone prohi:its ents of Co issioners who ren&ere& the &e!ision were authori=e& thereun&er to in%esti,ate !it"an" offi!ers o:ser%an!e of noti!e an& hearin,' filin, the se!on& !ase a,ainst hi !onstitute& prose!ution for the sa e a!t' su:or&inates in arri%in, at a &e!ision' Court of +ppealsH 198 SC1+ 18)H there no senten!e of +rti!le 555H Se!tion 21 of the &istra!tion of the parti!ipants in person the s!he&ule& not a !iti=en hearin,s to e0plore at the instan!e or e0ploit of an" the of not the ones who an& e plo"ees' 3he !ase a,ainst $at&ula was par&on on the part of &ou:le ;eopar&"H :e!ause these two offenses are ConstitutionH an a!t isi punishe& :" ALTERNATI(E !-e Pro"e%%5 Noti"e ANS4ER: by P-b e!ono i"ation 619887 the resour!es prose!utionH parti!ularl" of the e0!lusi%e :ase& on the ,roun& i! =one of then forwar&e& to not i&enti!al' if 1e!Dless pru&en!e isaalaw an&

&e!larationsH &epen&ent it re?uire for pursuant shoul& isthe tainte& lotH :e a to &ri%e S5M its on with Presi&ential whi!h :anD the per to &epri%ation taDe e%aluation !ent a!!ount a the ount ()N) -e!ree :reathal"=er of was a after a" pro!e&ural "ear' No' :e lower the ,arnishe& 1233H Central li!enses than test &ue e%en theha%e :e issue& &efense /le!tri! (2) wron,' Se!on&l"H +s 7i,ht presente& a%aila:le the appropriate CoH ;u&,eH the lots in PSCH rule &eter his innoti!e Santa :ehalf on 10ri,ht ination the SC1+ an& for will sai& a hearin, :e #) of sports o:;e!tions' ;ust ina&e?uate (19)#) to &ue it NoHother it after is not a %' propert" un&er the :een pro!ess' if :ut pro%i&in, 9anD assesse& there up !an!elle&' Cir!ular to is this no that %alue pro:a:le a No' in as 3he &eter ount #1)H &eter issuan!e onl"' !ause whi!h inin, ine& ;ust in!rease& of :" the !o the a& pensation assessor' the inistrati%e le,al affe!te& !onsi&erin, was SU22ESTE! !o !enter' pensation hel&parties' that the a in ANS4ER: rate le,al 3he e0propriation rulin, re?uisite whi!h in Philippine an& !ases applies sDill is nee&e& a>ust ;u&i!ial in pro!ess !lause of or&erH the Constitution' liDe ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: or&er for interest 3he pri%ate lan&owners also to twel%e propert" %iolate& oppose per!ent pro!e&ural a!?uire& the (12N) e0propriation throu,h &ue a "ear pro!essH e is inent not on sin!e the Co !ourt e0!lusi%el" fun!tion' pro!ee&in,s' uni!ations Sin!e to a un&er parti!ular Satellite 3here Se!tion woul& part" Corporation 9Han& !ertainl" +rti!le is pre&i!ate& %s' 555:e of +l!ua=H a a" or&inar" li!enses in other re,ulate& fiel&sH itthe !-e E+inent Pro"e%%5 !o+ain5 Radio 2arni%'+ent Station 619877 619987 no prior 1e?uirin, &o appli!a:le ,roun&s ain pro!ee&in,sH pu:li! that: a to&ri%er the hearin, e0propriation to taDe the was !o a !on&u!te&' :reathal"=er pensation of propert" +s to test an& hol& :e pai& &oes is in 180 &enial on (1) 1987 NonethelessH +s SC1+ fin&in, Constitution !ounsel of &ue 218H of pro!ess' the fa!tH for to 8uni!ipalit" pri%ate C the Co effe!t (-el,a&o pan"H propert" that of of 5 the SantaH will an shall nature or&er ar,ue not throu,h of that :e a an the its :e a re%oDe& an" tipartaDes e' 5t &oes not !onfer No' No (a) the E5 M5E: * sa 2H 5n 5fe the the is of not Cit" ornin, for of pu:li! Ce:u of +u,ust use; has self*in!ri an& 28H one" 1987H inowner :anDH Coite& not shall li %iolate not issioner to e0!ee& loansH his sin!e the 5nternal ri,ht %alue its a,ainst issuan!e 1e%enue &e!lare& is %s' :" :ase& Court the inationH on of pro%isionall" %' ?uasi taDin, taDen Court ;u&i!ialH for ofof the pu:li! +ppealsH propert" re&u!in, rather 1#2 than is the not SC1+ le,islati%eH rates for ;ust a 327 whi!h !o pu:li! (198)))' pensationH fun!tion' a use pu:li! an& no 8a"orH file& a use !o without plaint for e inent &o ain' a:solute ri,htH :ut onl" a personal pri%ile,eH (:) assu in, it is for pu:li! useH the +ppealsH &urin, !an or Presi&ential &eter it :e the ,arnishe&L 2)1 ine& hei,ht -e!ree SC1+ :" of the the NoH 237 P2NQ +ssessorH fi,htin, 11)H (1998)H whi!h at pursuant &-en Channel a a en&e& reg*'a+ion toto # the an& the :e!ause he is not :ein, !o pelle& ,i%e utilit" that law !an the !oul& or&inan!e an&ate !har,eH that !annot !oul& its &eter :e fi0 issue& ination !o without pensation as to the to Christina oppose& this on the followin, ,roun&s: su:;e!t to restri!tions' + the li!ensee taDes his SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !o pensation ust :e :ase& on the e%i&en!e is being Ca 1eal <sur" elot Propert" 7aw' iss*ed @otelH 3a0 *nder the Co&eH ilitar" +-e whi!he%er 2*asi"'egis'a+i/e !lose& 1a&io %alue Station is a*+-ori+y !-e Pro"e%%5 S-b%tanti*e 6899:7 testi onial e%i&en!e' @e is erel" :ein, asDe& to pre%ious :e ;ust pai& !o C pensation noti!e Co pan"H an& shall hearin,H :e!ause pre%ail !annot this o%er is the appl"' a ;u&i!ial fin&in,s li!ense su:;e!t to su!h !on&itions as the 2' presente& NoH the in one" !ourt of an& the notH Cit" as of pro%i&e& Ce:u in in the :anD o) an lowerH ad0inis+ra+i/e prior to the re!o agency( en&ation +-e re2*ire0en+s or su!!esses &e!ision o) of 2003 3he 1 first No the or&erH M55 8uni!ipalit" * 3he of auni!ipal pro%isional has !oun!il no rate power of to MMH whi!h was e0!ite&l" reportin, the ?uestion of the !ourt' that is ,rantin, for the !ourts to &e!i&e' su: it to a ph"si!al test' 3his is not !o%ere& :" 7e,islature sees fit to iSanta poseH an& a" the :e E+inent !o+ain5 o# t'e !annot presi&ential :e ,arnishe& &e!rees pres!ri:in, ifNon<ob%er*an"e it ent !a offi!e e fro pa" pu:li! ent of fun&s' no+ice( the appropriate -earing and ,o%ern p*b'ica+ion 0*s+ toa,ainst be a!?uire obser/ed. the e0propriate; of the re:els an& o%e ents towar&s 8anila an& in!rease uni!ipalit" without hearin,H Pa %ali& pan,aH if ;ustifie& passe& :" the an !onstitutional ,uarantee self* re%oDe& at of its $ua,uaH pleasure is without &epri%in, $o %alue i"y state& o# in Ha 8uni!ipalit" inor the noneH ownerBs 689997 &e!larations or the !-e (2) E+inent +s Pro"e%%5 ;u&,eH !o+ain5 5 will P-b sustain .-%t i" S"'oo the !ontention Tea"'er% 619987 that 689987 the +s propert"' hel& ofta0 8aDati %s'%s' Court of 2 1esolution No' 1Co+$en%ation has :een %oi&e& sin!e or&inan!e <1$/N3 P<975C penali=in, N//-H an" su!h person as in!rease in entit" the troops frien&l" to the re:els' 3he reports were in!ri ination' 3husH in South -aDota Ne%illeH li!ensee of an" propert" (Cha%e= %' 1o or uloH No E555' 8a&lan,:a"an is the owner of a 200 the %alue &eter ine& the assessorH whi!he%er is $'1' taDin, No E5' M No' * of 3he 3en the 12703)H Cit" propert" pu:li! of >une Ce:u s!hool ofof 9H C e0propriate& 200#)' Co tea!hers pan" to of the operate Caloo!an propert" +ppealsH 190 SC1+ 20)H 212H pu:li! fun&s are San,,unian, Panlalawi,an &isappro%e& it for !orre!t an& fa!tual' An A!to:er 1987H after en,a,e& !ost of fuel' in 3he the power :usiness the of Pu:li! sellin, Ser%i!e ti!Dets to #29 <'S' 223H it :" was hel& for)H this reason that 8r' s?uare 1i%era eter lot appeale&H whi!h was insistin, the :irthpla!e that of ;ust the lower' the !o er!ial !enter esta:lishe& within it parDin, to Cit" of :ein, Carlos left ar:itrar"; their 3opi!o !lassroo an& for use s as to a ;oin uni!ipal a striDeH whi!h e0e pte& fro ,arnish ent' Co o%ies ission or other to ,rant pu:li! su!h e0hi:itionsH in!rease was ,a uphel& es or in nor al!" ha& returne& an& the $o%ern ent test ha& re?uirin, a &ri%er to taDe a :loo&*al!ohol is !-e Pro"e%%5 Pro"ed-ra *%= !o pensation for his propert" shoul&pla"e& :e foun&er of of a the reli,ious se!t who a& S-b%tanti*e itte&l" finan!e a San,,unian, housin, pro;e!t for !it" e plo"ees is not laste& lot' 3 the for 8uni!ipalit" one onthH of Panlun,so& Santa to asD has other appropriate& tea!hersB an& full !ontrol situationH the National perfor se%eral an!es !ases' (Sil%a whi!h %' ot% A!a woul& poH !har,e 90for Phil' 777 !hil&ren %ali&' !-e 3he Pro"e%%5 PPA<Pi 689917 E+inent !o+ain5 i++-nity #ro+ %-it 689917 *ette lot% )o t'at +u +o%e. 619997 &eter an i portant ine& :" role Co in Philippine issioners who histor" !oul& an& e%aluate !ulture' P10 for aM555 pu:li! use :ut for a Phil' pri%ate purpose' the :enefits' illion for purpose :ut the 1e,ional 3rial :etween (1922); @alili an& %' this PSCH 12 "ears 92 ofPorts a,e 103)(1923)) the full +s pri!e of 3ele!o uni!ations Co issionH without noti!e No *7 3he Philippine +uthorit" (PP+) +s No hel& 555 E555 ** 3he in+' 8a!De" $i%e 1epu:li! e0a %s' +fontr"a of ples the of PhilippinesH ##3 a!ts <'S' of the 1H throu,h :e!ause state all e%i&en!e on the real %alue of the propert"H at Re%ol,e in&i!ate& t'e ca%e in a !it' &i!tu ea%on%. in 8anotoD' %' National 3he National @istori!al Co ission (N@C) passe& Court fi0e& the !o pensation for the taDin, of an& hearin,H :ut erel" on the :asis of report a& ission ti!Dets instea& of onl" one*half of the $eneral 8ana,er issue& an a& inistrati%e or&er to whi!h of !o -epart pellin, ent the ,o%ern of &ue Pu:li! pro!ess ent 6orDs interest !lause: an& in of safet" @i,hwa"s alon, 3he se!on& -epart or&er ent of re?uirin, /&u!ationH the Culture !othe pan" an& to Sports pa" @ousin, +uthorit"H 120 SC1+ 89H that the the a resolution ti infrin,e e of &e!larin, its taDin, it a :" national the ,o%ern lan& arD ent' an& @e on lan& 1234 at P12 illion' a ount thereof' 6oul& "ou hol& or&inan!e the ilitar"H !an!elle& the fran!hise station the effe!t that all e0istin, re,ular appoint ents a to 1'aintains instreetsH its su:stanti%e aspe!t an& (1N) the (-P6@)H !onstru!te& thethe li!ense a of new a &ri%er hi,hwa" who refuses linDin, to 1' SU22ESTE! 6hat le,al ANS4ERS: re e&"H if an"H &oes Carlos !har,e& unpai& e0propriation super%isor" the of a& a !o fees inistrati%el"H er!ial un&er !enter the for Pu:li! whi!h so that Ser%i!e reason that lower !ourt erre& in rel"in, on its re!o en&ation the lot was su:;e!te& to MM' -is!uss le,alit" of: %ali& e0er!ise of le,islati%e power :" the har:or pilot positions shall re ain %ali& onl"the up to 2' in its pro!e&ural (1N) taDe 8etro the 8anila :reathal"=er an& aspe!tL (ue=on test pro%in!eH a" :e an& suspen&e& whi!h a)uni!ipalit"L <n&er Se!tion 19 of 1'+' No' 71)0H the the" +!t profits !annot were &eri%e& ha%e :e re?uire& to sustaine&' fro re!o%er operation to the 3he answer :alan!e !o !an pan" an& of :eP2 has use& for aillion for all" Presi&ential e0propriation -e!ree pro!ee&in,s' NoH 1233H 3his whi!h was he oppose& !lai s is :" 3opi!o 6h"L -e!e :er 31 of its the !urrent "ear an& that SU22ESTE! (:) 3he !an!ellation ANS4ER: of followin, the fran!hise of the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: power of e inent &o ain is e0pli!itl" ,rante& to the i a;or e&iatel" thorou,hfare pen&in, tra%erse& a post*suspension the lan& owne& :" housin, the taDin, pro;e!ts of his is a lan&L taDin, P3NQ for a pri%ate purpose' in%esti,ate& ri,ht to :e hear&H :" a :efore !o it ittee a" :e !o or&ere& pose& to of pa"' the un!onstitutional' 8a&lan,:a"an on the ,roun&s: a) hearin,H that the for hen!eforth all appoint ents to har:or pilot 1') is station + law ona A!to:er %iolates )H su:stanti%e 1987' &ue pro!ess when 3he S<$$/S3/or&inan!e +NS6/1: is %oi&' +s hel& in of 9ala!uit %' Court :ut 8an, there Pan&o"' ust :e 3he a ,o%ern pro%ision for neither a post*suspension file& an" uni!ipalit"H :ut ust :e e0er!ise& throu,h -i%ision (+n, 3i:a" Superinten&ent %' C51H )9 Phil' of )32 S!hools (19#0)) as Chair 3he thir& anHan lot not %ast tra!t; :) thatent those to :e :enefite& positions shall :e onl" for a ter one "ear fro SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: it is @ow woul& unreasona:le "ou &e!i&e or the un&ul" appealL oppressi%e' /0plain "our For 3he re e&" of Carlos 3opl!o is to le%" on of First 5nstan!e of +,usan &el Norte' 1)3 SC1+ or&inan!e rather than throu,h a resolution' hearin,' e0propriation 3husH pro!ee&in,s to sa%e the propose& nor pai& an" froof 1' the or&er -i%ision !an :e ;ustifie&' Super%isor 3he fa!t as that e the :er 319 an& has :" the e0propriation woul& onl" :e the elaw :ers &ate of effe!ti%it"H su:;e!t to "earl" renewal a or 3he !an!ellation thethe fran!hise ofof the station on answer' e0a pensation pleH Presi&ential -e!ree No' 1717H whi!h 182 patri P1988QH onial the properties or&inan!e of the isE'8' Cit" unreasona:le' of Ce:u' 5n 5t un!onstitutionall" !o to of 8an, on Pan&o" ,roun& for the &enial lan& of thus &ue (8uni!ipalit" ofParana?ue %' 1ealt" Corp'H tea!herH allowe& a as pro%isional another rate e :er' in!rease An the &oes :asis not :in& the the reli,ious se!t of its foun&erH an& !) that the the !an!ellation :" the PP+ after !on&u!t of of a ri,i& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: A!to:er )H 1987H without prior noti!e an& hearin,H !an!elle& the ort,a,es an& liens of a &e:torH 5 will sustain the !ontention the or&inan!eH of Paoa" %s 8anaoisH 8) Phil )29' &epri%es sellers of the ti!Dets of their propert" $'1' No' 127820H >ul" 20H 1998) pro!essH taDen an& itall use& shoul& as pro%i&e a pu:li! for roa&' an i e0propriation e&iate hearin, e%i&en!e it to also aDethe the a&&u!e& or&er per at the anent for ifthat the al e%i&en!e in%esti,ation N@C has not initiate& the of 8uni!ipalit" e%aluation of perfor an!e' Pilota,e as a 3he &e!ision of in the lower !ourt shoul&li!ense' :e re%erse&' is %oi&' +s hel& /astern 9roa&!astin, Corp' e%en thou,h it fi0es the !o pensation for the was !onsi&ere& un!onstitutional for :ein, without the &ue Supre pro!ess' e Court + ti!Det hel&: is a propert" ri,ht an& upon suspension of the &ri%erBs 3he )32H whi!h later su: a pl" itte& esta:lishe& &oes not ;ustif" their in!rease ,uiltH the :utH -ire!tor onlan& :irthpla!es of other ore &eser%in, histori!al profession a" :e pra!ti!e& onl" :" &ul" li!ense& CPropert"H howe%erH whi!h is patri onial 8an, 5n /P.+ Pan&o" %H -ula"H file& a suit 1#9 a,ainst SC1+ the 302 ,o%ern (1987) ent the (-O1/) %' -ansH 137 SC1+ )#7 (1982)H the oppressi%e' 7iDewiseH as state& in /r ita*8alate on the :asis of the pre%ailin, lan& %alue !annot a" :e sol& for su!h pri!e as the owner of it propose& law %iolates the ri,ht a,ainst ren&ere& the !ontrar"H a warrants &e!ision the etin, re&u!tion out of to rates' the the personalities' 1esol%e the opposition raise& :" in&i%i&ualsH who ha%e to pass fi%e ,o%ern !an ent an& whi!h is hel& :" a 3he uni!ipalit" inwas its to !o an& pel pa" for the %alue of his lan&' 3he Supre e Court &e!lare& PNo' 1233 to :e %' an reall" :) 3he San,,unian, Panlalawi,an of 5lo!os !ar&inal pri ar"ent re?uire ents in a& inistrati%e &ispla!e ;u&i!ial &eter ination of in the pri!e for @otel 8otel Aperators +sso!iationH 5n!' o:tain' 3here is inations' nothin, perni!ious !har,in, unreasona:le sear!hes an& sei=ures' 5t will penalt" of re o%al fro offi!e' &e!ision 8a&lan,:a"an' (2N) professional e0a proprietar" !apa!it" as treate& :" the ,reat -P6@ un!onstitutional file& a otion en!roa!h to &is ent iss on the the !ase prero,ati%es on the Sur was without the authorit" to &isappro%e pro!ee&in,s (one of whi!h is that the parties ust Cit" 8a"or of 8anilaH 20 SC1+ 8#9H a law whi!h the si ple reason that an" fa!torsH so e of the !hil&ren the sa e pri!e as a&ults' authori=e poli!e authorities to stop an" &ri%er an& affir e& :" the -/CS Se!retar" an& the Ci%il wei,ht of the !onsi&ere& pri%ate asset of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ,roun& that State is i!o une suit' of the 5t was e0plaine& that althou,h a super%enin,H 1esolution 1 authorit" as possi:l" the as uni!ipalit" !learl" has first :e hear&) as lai& &own in +n, 3i:a" %'8an, C51H !annot :e :" the is %a,ue so that en of onfro intelli,en!e ust asD hi ;u&i!iar"' to the taDe the :reathal"=er test e%en in the Ser%i!e Co No' ission' the town an& a" :e le%ie& upon an& sol& 3he ar,u ents of 8a&lan,:a"an are not E+inent !o+ain5 2arni%'+ent 6199;7 Pan&o" !ourt woul& file& an te!hni!all" opposition' 1esol%e ha%e the the power otion' to the power to e0er!ise the ri,ht of e inent &o ain )9 Phil' )32 (19#0) ust :e o:ser%e& in !losin, a ,uess at its eanin, an& &iffer as to its le,islature at the e of ena!tin, the or&inan!e' a:sen!e of a pro:a:le !ause' 3he @ar:or Pilotti +sso!iation !hallen,e& the un&er an or&inar" e0e!ution'C eritorious' +!!or&in, to 8anos!a %' Court of An !-e No' 1#: Pro"e%%5 3he 8uni!ipalit" the" S-%$en%ion reiterate& of +ntipoloH the o# ar,u !ri*erG% 1i=alH ents Li"en%e the" (2N) &eter ine the ;ust !o pensation for propert" un&er an& appealH its San,,unian, 9a"an the !apa!it" to ra&io station :e!ause ra&io :roa&!asts are a for 3here is ,reater reason for nullif"in, the use of the appli!ation %iolates su:stanti%e &ue pro!ess' +s %ali&it" of sai& a& inistrati%e or&er ar,uin, that it +ppealsH 222 SC1+ #12 (199))H the power of 619987 raise& e0propriate& :efore the the propert" a& inistrati%e of >uan :o&iesH 1e"es na for use el": as the -e!reeH the !ourtBs tasDe0pression' woul& :e rele,ate& pro of ul,ate resolution' 3he onl" ,roun& upon of !onstitutionall"*prote!te& hel& in 3ana&a %' 3u%eraH 1#) SC1+ ##)H &ueto !ost !onstru!tion in the ri,ht or&inan!e as :asis for %iolate& thesai& har:or pilotsB to e0er!ise their the of Ce:u &oes notCoun!il ha%e patri onial !-e SU22ESTE! Pro"e%%5 ANS4ER: Urgent P-b i":e Need 619877 (:) NoH 3he" 3; Cit" Con,ress were isthe !onsi&erin, of &ue pro!ess a law of 3he a,ainst law as e inent &o ain is not !onfine& to a pu:li! arDet' 3he 8uni!ipal si pl" statin, the lower %alue ofe0propriation the propert"of as 5f whi!h a pro%in!ial :oar& a" &e!lare an" !o pensation for i to pro%e ents' fair pro!ess re?uires that the law pu:lishe&' profession an&&epri%e& their ri,ht &ue pro!ess of law propertiesH the re e&" of Carlos 3opi!o is to file a No' 3he 55: otion 3he to &is 8anila iss shoul& 3ransportation :e &enie&' +s Co hel& pan" in the &runDen 5n%esti,atin, &ri%in,' <n&er Co ittee the le,islationH was i properl" poli!e %ast tra!ts of the:" lan&' e0propriation the lot appropriate& PlH000H000'00 for the pur!hase of the &e!lare& either the3he owner or :" the of assessor' uni!ipal resolutionH or or&er in%ali& is arDet of a& the or&inan!e i pro%e ents a" not :e an& that%alue the sai& inistrati%e or&er was issue& petition for an&a us to !o pel it to appropriate !-e Pro"e%%5 Re$re%ented by a Non<La1yer applie& + i,a:le for %' upwar& Cuen!aH a&;ust #3 SC1+ ent of 300 its (1972)H rates :efore when !onstitute& authorities :e!ause a" asD it &i& an" not hearin,' in!lu&e &ri%er a to tea!her taDe in a to preser%e it as the eans :irthpla!e the of lot :ut to the 1e,ional 3rial CourtH on3he the :asis of the >ust !o pensation the %alue of foun&er the propert" when su!h resolutionH or&inan!e or or&er is e?ual the !ost of !onstru!tion' ori,inal !ost without prior noti!e an& 3he PP+ one" to satisf" the >u&, ent' 5n 8uni!ipalit" 2') 5n State %' of 8uroH 23)a SC1+ 202H 619887 3ransportation $o%ern ent 1e,ulator" e0propriates 9oar&' pri%ate Pen&in, propert" the representation C:reathal"=er testCH of a" the wherein tea!hersB the or,ani=ation &ri%er e0hales as the reli,ious se!t :e!ause his role in Philippine e%i&en!eH fi0e& %alue at P2H000H000'00' 1) at the ti e Prose!utors of the taDin,' 5t eans fair an& full of :e"on& the powers !onferre& upon the !oun!il or !onstru!tion :e lower than the fair arDet !ountere& that the a& inistrati%e or&er was %ali& %s' Court of +ppealsH 190 SC1+ 20)H No' 2: hel& Nor:erto 8alas as was of estafa it was that the &is is issal of a !ase the it 8aDati petitionH without pa"in, the !o 319H pensationH without ita!!use& pre%ious is &ee e& hearin,H to ha%e re?uire& se%eral ti:" es the into 8a,na a &e%i!e Carta whi!h for Pu:li! !an &eter S!hool ine histor" an& for a pu:li! purposeH 6hat a!tion !an >uan 1e"es taDe to e?ui%alent for!ulture the loss sustaine&' 3o without &eter ine presi&ent aDin, the e' Su!h not the %alueH sin!e !ost of !onstru!tion atis the ti213' e of as it le,al was issue& insa the e0er!ise of its the Supre e Court sai&: :enefit the :efore of a 1e,ional hearin, 3rial an& without Court ofan" 8anila' noti!e +fter to the ,rante& wai%e& a its ,eneral i use unit" nationwi&e fro suit' pro%isional AtherwiseH in!rease the 3ea!hers whether he (1'+' hasa" No' :een #)70H &ri%in, Se!' un&er 9)' the :e!ause pu:li! is no lon,er restri!te& to re?uires !onsi&eration of the !on&ition ofthe the e0propriation situation in this !ase' (8o&a" %' Court of influen!e +ppealsH ha%e in!rease&' a& inistrati%e !ontrol an& super%ision o%er C6here a Fe:ruar" uni!ipalit" falls orasD refusesH the trialH he was foun& ,uilt"' An appealH his SU22ESTE! the :alan!eL ANS4ER: 2) Can >uan 1e"es the prose!ution %iolate& &ue pro!ess' 7iDewiseH as of !onstitutional rates' 5n ,uarantee another Ar&erH that pri%ate 319 propert" re?uire& shall the of al!ohol' 3he results of the test !an!harterH :e use&H in tra&itional !on!ept' 3he fa!t that the e0propriation propert" an& its surroun&in,H its i pro%e ents an& !olle!t $'1' No' 10791)H 20H 1997) har:or pilots un&er PP+Bs le,islati%e an& without ;ustifia:le reasonH to effe!t pa" ent 3he were &epri%e& of &ue of oreH hel&:e !on%i!tion intaDen People was affir %' e& :" of the +ppealsH Court of 2)2 +ppeals' SC1+ 1e,ional 3rial !o not pan" to for pa" pu:li! the use unpai& without super%isor" pa" ent offees ;ust an" le,al pro!ee&in, a,ainst hi or 'pro!ess Further will :enefit the e Court :ers of the reli,ious se!t is !apa:ilities' that tea!hers in issuin, the or&er as a rule re,ulationH it of that a final one" ;u&, ent a,ainst ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: law' <n&er Court to Se!tion ,arnish 9e0e!uti%e of the the 8uni!ipalit"Bs 8a,na Carta a!!ount for +fter re!or&s of his !ase ha& :een re an&e& #22H the la!D of i partialit" of nu,ator"' the ;u&,e who will !olle!ti:le !o pensation un&er will the :e Pu:li! ren&ere& 7aw' +fter &ue &e!larin, the of a ren&ere& &ri%erBs li!ense erel" in!i&ental' 3he fa!t Ser%i!e that other :irthpla!es was perfor in, itsissuan!e or le,islati%eH an& itH the !lai ant a" a%ail of the e&" of with 3heathe taDin, 7an& of 9anDL theto !o SU22ESTE! er!ial is re ;ustifie& 1) Pu:li! S!hool 3ea!hersH one of !enter the e :ers of &e!i&e to thenot 1e,ional a !ase %iolates 3rial Court pro!e&ural for e0e!utionH &ue pro!ess' an& noti!e an& hearin,H on the :asis of the e%i&en!e ,i%es rise onl" a pri%ile,e toANS4ER: &ri%e otor ha%e :een e0propriate& is liDewise not a %ali& not ?uasi*>u&i!ial fun!tion' an&a us in or&er to !o pel the ena!t ent the 3o :" the !) !olle!t !o !on!ept 3he ittee the ?uestion :alan!e of ust in&ire!t :e of of awhether >u&, tea!her pu:li! entH :enefit there who asis state& is a sin!e ,enuine in itsa after the Court the ha& set the &ateCo for the presente& :" 8anila 3ransportation pan" %ehi!les on pu:li! roa&sH the law pro%i&es that :asis forlatter opposin, e0propriation' +s hel& an& in an& of the ne!essar" appropriation E+inent !o+ain5 !o+ain5 .-%t Indire"t Co+$en%ation P-b i" 619897 &ene#it representati%e operation ne!essit" 3o!o for %s' is appro%al inten&e& the 8uni!ipal of e0propriation the for the or &e%elop inof its of ChristinaBs a:sen!eH 5loiloH ent #9 of Phil' an" lot the or pro AppositorsH ul,ation of ;u&, entH the a!!use& file& a the 3an the 319 issue& an Ar&er re&u!in, &ri%er who refuses to taDe the test shall :e >'8' 3uason an& Co pan"H 5n!' %' 7an& 3enure -ue pro!ess of law lo!alH isCounsel !lassifie& into two Din&sH or&inan!eH an&has the !orrespon&in, !-e NoH Pro"e%%5 ): + law Pro*i%iona pro%i&es that Order in 619917 the e%ent of 619997 e0istin, pro%in!ial or national or,ani=ation of lots 22H %a!ant whether >uan portion the 1e"es uni!ipalit" fora" so!iali=e& le%" on patri other housin,H onial an& :etter whi!h is otion with the Court of +ppeals to set asi&e the rates applie& for :" auto ati!all" su:;e!t to a 90*&a" suspension of +& inistrationH 31one*fourth' SC1+ #13 (1970)H the na el"H pro!e&ural &ue pro!ess an& su:stanti%e &is:urse ent ofFa:ella uni!ipal fun&s therefor'C No 72: No' * 3he An 29 Cit" >ul" of 1991' Ce:u the passe& /ner," an 1e,ulator" or&inan!e e0propriationH the a ount to :e pai& a tea!hers' +!!or&in, to %' Court of5f there properties !learl" for the a purpose pu:li! of the 8uni!ipalit" is a atter of that +ntipolo' will was ha%e it to has :e entr" of ;u&, entH an& to re an& the !ase toto the his &ri%erBs li!enseH e0propriatin, authorit" is not re?uire& to a&here to &ue pro!ess ofpurpose' law' 6as thereH orH no 9oar& pro!lai (/19)H in, the in e0propriation response toon of pu:li! a either ten !la (10) orH lan&owner as !o pensation shall :e the +ppealsH 283 SC1+ 22) (1997)H to :ee0er!ise !onsi&ere& no resol%e& patri of onial :" the propertiesH Court in upon a!!or&an!e presentation with the of 1e,ional 3rial Court for new trial the ,roun& the poli!" of Call or noneC' %iolation the har:or pilotsB ri,ht to their Chara!teri=e the powers e0er!ise& :" the 319 in issue& he!tare a propert" resolution of Cappro%in, Co pan"H an& whi!h a&optin, propert" a this 8uni!ipalit" Cite E+inent two P2Q !o+ain5 possi:le .-%t !onstitutional Co+$en%ation o:;e!tions 619887 to sworn a&e :" the owner or the offi!ial the authori=e& representati%e su!h e%i&en!e :" of the 8aDati parties %s' to Court the !ase' of +ppealsH 190 that he%aluation ha& ;ust &is!o%ere& that C+tt"' 7eonilo profession an& their ri,ht to of &ue pro!ess of lawL ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: !ase an& &eter ine whether un&er the present No' 8: 8r' 1olan& 1i%era is the owner of four lots s!he&ule is alrea&" a for &e%elope& :rin,in, !o &own er!ial the !enter' pri!es of assess ent thereofH whi!he%er is lower' Can the this law' 1esol%e the o:;e!tions an& e0plain or,ani=ationH the tea!her ust :e !hosen :" the SC1+ 20)H the re e&" of >uan 1e"es is to file a 8apor aC who he ha& !hosen an& who ha&3he (2N) 1' @e !an file the one" !lai with the E+inent !o+ain5 Po1er to E,er"i%e 6899A7 sou,ht to :e su!h e0propriate& :"!an the /0port !onstitutional s"ste thea 3ransportation 1e,ulator" petroleu Cit" propose& pro&u!ts to operate o%er the perio& !o of!ourt er!ial one (1) !enter "ear whether an" infir ities !ure&' lan&owner su!!essfull" !hallen,e the law in or,ani=ation itself an& Se!retar" of petition for an&a us not to !o pel:e the 8uni!ipalit" a!te& as his !ounsel :efore the trial an& the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Co ission on +u&it' (10*2) 3he San,,unian, 9a"an of1esol%e& the 8uni!ipalit" SU22ESTE! Pro!essin, E+inent !o+ain5 .one ANS4ER: +uthorit" P-b i"the U%e for the 619877 e0pansion ofto the 9oar& !an :e %ali&l" !onferre& the powers e0er!ise& startin, in or&er 12 to +u,ust finan!e 1991H a housin, o%er the pro;e!t o:;e!tion for of !it" the !ourtL -is!uss :riefl" "our answer' /&u!ationH Culture an& Sports' Sin!e in fun&s of +ntipolo to appropriate ne!essar" Court of +ppealsH is not a law"er' the 3he ri,ht of the har:or pilots to &ue pro!ess was SU22ESTE! of SantaH ANS4ER: Sur passe& 1esolution 1 sai& Possi:le e0port No' ME5: pro!essin, 5n o:;e!tions >anuar" =one to 198#H the at law 9a,uio Pasa" are Cit" Cit"' that file& re?uirin, 3he sa a e :" it in issuin, the Ar&ers ,i%en a:o%e' /0plain' oilotion e !o plo"ees panies in whi!h the %a!ant !lai that portion the perio& of No' the !o%ere& a& inistrati%e pro!ee&in,sH &ue pro!ess re?uires satisf" the ;u&, ent' of 5lo!os the a!!use& with reasons' %iolate&' + hel& in Corona %s' <nite& @ar:or E+inent !o+ain5 Lega Intere%t 6199:7 OesH authori=in, thelon, lan&owner its to 8a"or !an to initiate su!!essfull" a the petition !hallen,e forof the &ri%er par!els e0propriation to of taDe lan& the pro!ee&in,s ha& :reathal"=er :een %alue& a,ainst test :" se%eral will the %iolate +ssessor his is too propert"' 3he or&inan!e pre;u&,e fi0e& an& foresee' pri!e 5s the the that the tri:unal :e %este& with ;uris&i!tion an& :e Pilots +sso!iation of the PhilippinesH 283 SC1+ NoH 2: 5n e0propriation pro!ee&in,s: 1) 6hat !-e SU22ESTE! the e0propriation law Pro"e%%5 in !ourt' of ANS4ER: Per+it a +!!or&in, lot owne& Carry to :" Christina Firear+ &e!ision as O-t%ide insite ri,ht at lan&owners P120'00 a,ainst per for self*in!ri s?uare the !onstru!tion eterH while that of an pro%i&in, 8r' a?ue&u!t 1i%era for ha& for so !onstitute& as to affor& a person !har,e& resolution lan& an& the %ali&L %alue ofto the i the pro%e ents to :e 31 (1997) pilota,e as a inationH profession is a propert" le,al interest shoul& :e use& in the !o putation SU22ESTE! 3he or&ers otion in shoul& this ANS4ER: !ase :e the ,rante& in%ol%e an& the e0er!ise the entr" of of Re%iden"e /0port for its Pro!essin, uni!ipal 6>?<899?7 sports .one !enter' +uthorit" 3his was -ula"H appro%e& 1#9 the pre%iousl" floo& suspension !ontrol fi0e& in a of the :aran,a"' his arDet &ri%erBs %alue Clearl"H li!ense of the onl" without sa the e an" at a& inistrati%el" a reasona:le ,uarantee of pai& C Co pan" on :asis of%s' the pre%ailin, ri,ht prote!te& :" the ,uarantee of &ue pro!ess' of interest on ;ust !o pensationL NoH ;u&, ;u&i!ial the ent fun!tion resolution shoul& :" :e an set in%ali&H a& asi&e' inistrati%e sin!e +n a!!use& the a,en!"H /ner," is an& 3' the SC1+ :" -oes 8a"or' 302H a su!h Per @owe%erH ais it law to is the Carr" un!onstitutional' San,,unian, Firear Autsi&e First of 2) Pursuant to the rulin, in Pasa" Cit" hearin, P100 resi&ents per %iolates s?uare of if that &ue :aran,a" eter' pro!essH 3he woul& 1e,ional an& :e that :enefite& 3rial the :" i partialit"H the tea!her who isof a e li!enses :er Court of the lan& %alue an& !ost of !onstru!tion' 3he pre*e%aluation !an!ellation the of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 1e,ulator" entitle& thereforeH to as :e 9oar& a hear& ,eneral issue& :" hi ruleH the self the resolution or !ar&inal !ounsel' without pri (+rt' ar" a 1esi&en!e (1) allH Panlalawi,an it %iolates +s (P3CFA1) !ounsel &ue of 5lo!os pro!essH for Sur !onstitute C :e!ause &isappro%e& Co pan"H a propert" it &enies the ,i%e to ri,ht two $o%ern ent %s' Court of First 5nstan!e of 8anilaH propose& &e!i&e& pro;e!t' for law e0propriation +s will !o %iolate pensationH the an& ri,ht or&ere& the a,ainst !it" offere& the pa" to ent !o ittee was not appointe& in a!!or&an!e with the har:or pilots e%er" "ear is unreasona:le an& +s hel& in National Power Corporation %s' +n,as' hearin,' 555H ri,hts se!' enu 1#(2))' 3he erate& resolution <nless in +n, he here is 3i:a" is not %' C51H a pro%isional )9 :" Phil' anthe !onstitutional the 1esolution lan&owner as there o:;e!tions the opportunit" i,ht still torepresente& the to pro%e %ali&it" that of the prote!te& :" the ConstitutionL (2'2N) 132 SC1+ 12)H sin!e the 8uni!ipalit" of +ntipolo unreasona:le to pa" 8r' onl" 1i%era the a at sear!hes ount the rate &e!lare& an& of P100 sei=uresH :" a the s?uare owners :e!ause eter in it the lawH an" pro!ee&in, :efore %iolate& their ri,ht to su:stanti%e &ue pro!ess' 208 SC1+ 2#2H in a!!or&an!e with +rti!le 2209 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: or&er attorne"H )32 (19#0) an&there therefore ust is :e a ,reat it o:ser%e&' !an&an,er onl" :e 5n Ei,art an" %aluation in the ta0 &e!laration isthat or&inan!e' has appropriate& P1H000H000 to pa" allows their ta0 poli!e authorities to interest 3he renewal is of the Ci%il Co&eH the le,al

Court (per EF-a !annot AB7one woul& a) a:ri&,e 3i 7oren=o Cow:o" 5n ti -/CS >ohann the NoH e es :ar -on&ee) an& a& a&&s !ri :e the %' Se!retar" ser%e topnot!her %s' was Prote"tion5 us' 7e%"BsH <nite& pla!e ent itte& hel& su:si&" inal /state life -ire!tor !har,e& :" as in on !ase i:" applie& the StatesH a Republic issue& prison 8on&a"s >eans of %ali& is who the ,o%ern a,ainst Sha:a==H of not with In*idio-% for @ealth' a!!use& :asis was #03 to per !o entH rape will the vs. at C9C <'S' in ent' pan"H for issi:le' an& 7:30 :lo!D the 107 Gingoyon in 20 for a &istin,uishin, 5t 713 at !ourt !i%"ri+ination noti!e Phil thereforeH pre a' &oes S' re!entl" the the ur&erH 5t (1971) Ct' ' 292H :ut will ises traffi! &urin, not of pre*trial' 2#00H H prior $1 foster the is) the in no' 298H the Supre e Court hel&: 619877 !on%i!te& !lass reli,ionH therefore 6ith release& the ille,alit" appl"in, &uration San %isitin, ,reater &a"s' 8i,uel sin!e of the an appl" prisoners their a + a&%ertise of PRO reason relati%e' ,roup the the a,ainst an& unauthori=e& s!hool R:O i retain (uiapo of then prison +tt"' tea!hersH ent pri%ate ;OCTRI<: ,i%es their 9arroso featurin, a" -istri!ts' ent a!tionH !ensorship parties' reli,ious ri,ht stu&ents :etween a:l" H to :ail or&ere& @e o&el free assiste& woul& an& in a ti897# es 1))#29H tape*re!or&e& to arrai,n 6hen -e!' ent shoul& 19H in%oDe& !on%ersation 2002H the his the ri,ht a!!use& SC hel& to !ontainin, preli that in%oDe inar" 1+ his the ALTERNATI(E C>u&i!ial noti!e ANS4ER: will :e taDen of the fa!t that No' !on%i!t e0er!ise pupils instru!tions of 1i!har& su,,este& the still e 8ariano :e 10: er,en!" to re?ueste& a who i9ur,os of CMCH atter the reli,ion' to e&iatel" is when a :e its a:le 7iwasan, of wearin, son the stu&ents' ;ustifie& ri,htH the to +t return Se!retar" of pa" latter the sin!e a 7e%"Bs 9onifa!ioH in the sa ri!h 9esi&esH to ,a%e the worDH it fine e that ;a!Dets is !ase fa ti a fa%ora:le an& state whi!h the" eH il"H an& itof will lawful a an& :roa&!ast applie& warne& :e !on%i!t has %iolate ent' ;eans to for now a& in%esti,ation' ission pri%ile,e re?uires a& 3his a,ainst full issi:le pa" was in self*in!ri &enie& ent e%i&en!eL :efore :" inationL the 6h"L ;u&,eH State (2N) an&a" SU22ESTE! lepros" is !o ANS4ER: onl" :elie%e& to :e an enrol who in!ar!eration e0e Sin!e an& :een the 3' e&ia prohi:ition a!!use&' @owe%erH hol&in, is pte& &esi,nate& of +9N sin!e ent una:le 5n i pro!ee&e&' posa:le fro an has with a their :rin,s 8ariano a& pa!D to in atten&in, a pa" Se!tion a free&o the inistrati%e fran!hiseH san!tions' Free&o of a:out it' 8arl:oro assaile& San 29P2>H the ne!essar" is ParDH so !ase it Carlos fla, 3he" !i,arettes' the +rti!le a" ewhat !ere for as in%esti,ation i,nore& :e li Se %enue E5 !onsi&ere& lesser on" alpra!ti!e itations of inar" this on the for in the in e0er!ise thusH trial proprietar" +fter ri,hts the in prose!ution an e0propriation 3he infe!tious tape*re!or&e& &isease !on%ersation ten&in, to !ause is not one a& issi:le of ,roun& Constitution an s!ope' the an& a,ent rall"' !lai an" !ontinue& the 3he that pri%ile,es in, of !an!ellation ian& atten&an!e the a,ainst that pa!t with ,o%ern he an& of their was the the ri,hts thereto use ent of &epri%e& %i:rant ass of :" li!ense ;ustifie& a!tion' pu:li! was !o spee!hH ofpl"in, a,ainst !ounsel fun&s :" 3he to the as pra!ti!e -/CS with to their of ai& the 8an&alu"on,H 8etro 8anila' 9e!ause he ha& pro!ee&in, presente& se%eral witnessesH aDin, the pre%ious >ohann throu,h rulin, o:iter !) 3he a!!use& has :een !on%i!te& of (2) An affli!te& the other with it han&H to :e shunne& in <nite& an& States e0!lu&e& e0 rel' !onsi&erations reli,ious reli,ion' >usti!e in Se!retar" e%i&en!e' his $utierre= 5n :elief' issue& 7e +s un&erl"in, on 3he hel& or&ers sai&H %s Se!retar" Gurt= in is Sal!e&o*Artane= for for!eful the their an' penal &enie& #03 pre%enti%e an& s"ste <'S' ithe re?uest' )02H %s' e&iate' 5n Court it :een law e&i!ine an& pre%iousl" file& refusin, a,ainst e0pelle& to CH air the fro the !o a&%ertise another plainant se entH inar" it &i!tu !ounselH ' !hoi!e' in%oDe& the ri,ht to :all an& file& a'!alle& ho fro i!i&e so!iet"H on a !har,e an& that of !o ur&er pulsor" an& senten!e& toit 3he 1' +sian -oes 9roa&!astin, the S8 ha%e NetworD a re (+9N)H e&" to a !ontest Pri%itera !onsi&erin, was <nliDe of suspension +ppealsH tea!hersH hel& rea&ers %s' that without the 232 GrossH finan!ial stu&ents of appropriate SC1+ the pa" 239 printe& assistan!e an& an& 111 F Supp :alan!e pupils !har,e& worDH (199#)' 118H to !on!erne& a ent' :etween a ra&io the 1epu:li! se!tarian it tea!hers was went hel& +!t ali,ne& C to the itself witness with stan&' the 6hen ,o%ern shoul& C 3hus in%oDe for s!holasti! &efi!ien!"H the 1e!tor of San Carlos otion thereforH whi!h was &enie& outri,ht :" the EF-a suffer 6as se,re,ation an Prote"tion5 in&eter the N95 of inate lepers A !orre!t ien penalt" E+$ as a in oy+ent of &is eans issin, of ei,ht 619897 (8) +tt"' pri%atel" &enial of its appli!ation tele%ision stationH for a per refuses itL (2'2N) to&ut" air that these to s!hool au&ien!e with Court ,ross the two %iolates to iowne& has fa!torsH position ha%e is!on&u!t lesser the the reasona:leness prohi:ition of opportunit" e su:si&iar" an& oran&u ,ross a,ainst to ne,le!t i fro shoul& !o,itateH !ir!ular prison the of :e ent the for No' #200 aDes the tape*re!or&in, of a telephone Se ren&ere& the pri%ile,e inar" itself &enie& a,ainst lia:le the self*in!ri appli!ation for a lawsuit inationL without whi!h ,i%in, is :ase& an" >u&,e' >ohann now files a petition for !ertiorari No unauthori=e& "ears 18: Santos pre%entin, an& +n one or&inan!e an& (1) the appointin, &a" sprea& of of the prision of Cit" +tt"' the of &isease a"orH 9arroso 8anila as is re?uires in his test' &e!lare& esta:lish anal"=e the for a&%ertise +!!o an& null ent re;e!t an& o&ation of ent a:an&on reli,ion %oi&' in the !o to utteran!e' -e!i&e reli,ious if plian!e it ent fosters the of with free&o (/astern tea!hin, !ase' an the e0!essi%e law' !an posts :e ina:ilit" !on%ersation to pa" &one a without fine &oes the authori=ation not %iolate e?ual of on a:ri&,e ent of the free&o of spee!h' <n&er ,roun&s for the &enial' +fter CMC was refuse& :efore the Court +ppeals ar,uin, that: 3) @e isall SU22ESTE! /0plain ini stea&L supporte& u "our Hwill to 5s twel%e answers 8arianoBs ANS4ER: :" hi,h to s!ientifi! state the three entH authorit"'C ?uestions' a&e with e%er" &esirin, to o:tain e plo" ent of ,o%ern 9roa&!astin, -e!i&e an& a&e a:sen!es ifalien the itent !onstitutionalit" entan,le not Corp without in%ol%e (-O1/) lea%e' ent sa!rifi!in, with of %H a) the -ansH reli,ion' +re law the e 137 in plo"ees interests Sin!e ?uestion' SC1+ the in prote!tionH :e!ause the punish ent shoul& :e the parties to the !on%ersationH ina& issi:le in a& +rti!le issionH 32 of the the 1e!tor Ci%il Co&eH a& itte& e%en another pri%ate appli!antH parties entitle& to :ail as a atter of ri,htH thus the >u&,e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: OesH assistan!e (12) S8 "ears has a an& re of four e&"' +tt"' (#) <n&er 9arrosoH onths 9'P' of a& 9i,' re!lusion issi:le 880 (3he in whate%er Din&H in!lu&in, !asual an& part*ti e of s!hool )#7 the se!urit" pu:li! (1982) se!tor an& )' 5n it its FCC allowe& will stu&ents ha%e %'poor Pa!ifi!a no to i taDe pa!t Foun&ationH at on least the three #38 tailore& e%i&en!e' to fit 5n the a&&itionH in&i%i&ualH the an& e?ual tapin, prote!tion of the a" :e lia:le for &a a,es for i er pair ent of the who is re?uires the son of a far who was also shoul& not ha%e &enie& his otion to fi0 :all Liberty (1) +s hel& o# Abode5 in 9a,a&ion, Te+$orary %H -e $u= 6199?7 anH 9# SC1+ 3he SU22ESTE! Pu:li! to e%i&en!eL te tea!hers +sse poralH unionsL as :l" (2N) ANS4ER: 3o an& a0i striDeL of the u 1982)H ' 6h"L stu&ents (3N) in the :) shoul& 3he e%ent of :e e for allo!ation hours <'S' plo" 72) a weeD entH (1978)H of the in of the resour!es reli,ious it +!t was !it" hel& to instru!tionsH of se!ure that the Cof penitentiar"' an all to e for ensure plo" s of 5n ent &oes not !o pel the era&i!ation of e%er" !on%ersation %iolate& the ,uarantee of pri%a!" of a!a&e free&o i!all" of spee!h' &efi!ient' outri,ht' -e!i&e' 90)H the &efen&ant taDe the witness stan& (a) e0e No 3he tea!hers 2: law pte& 3he is !lai fro !onstitutional' a ilitar" short that the their !o ar,u fla, ri,ht an&er*in 5t !ere ent is to !itin, a on"' %ali& !har,e rulesH +s e0er!ise hel& of lawsH the of in &enial of the appli!ation for a per itH the appli!ant per Prepare this that !aseH the it uni!ationH fro finan!ial pro%i&in, the it assistan!e Cit" isshoul& CMC :roa&!astin, 8a"or with a will an& eatless not whi!h to :e pa" use& &iet has a will for worD &isa&%anta,e !o uni!ations !ause& enun!iate& :" in&i,en!e' in Se!tion 3he 3H +rti!le &e!ision 555 5f SU22ESTE! an& ALTERNATI(E "ou pea!ea:l" o:;e!t were when ;u&,eH asse ANS4ER: ANS4ER: a ?uestion how :le an& woul& !allin, petition "ou for rule the an on the or operation poli!e !onstitutional powerH a,ainst :e!ause pro%isions re:el s oDin, in support is &ire!te& har of CMBsC ful the to /:ralina, a" !ontest %s' the -i%ision &e!ision Superinten&ent in,roups an appropriate of S!hools !ourt not reli,ious re!ei%e& !reate purposesH the a se!urit" ost li the pro:le ite& ,o%ern First or +ent un&ul" en& will ent ha%e in!rease to per it fee of P200' 5s the or&inan!e %ali&L was affir e& :" the <nite& States Cir!uit Court of of the Constitution' :) 3) 5f in!ri 3he the 5n Cow:o" ,o%ern N95 a!!or&an!e a!!use& inatin, was ent 7e%"Bs ?uestion not has for with !orre!t :een re&ress +rt' a" is !on%i!te& propoun&e&' in in%oDe 555' &is of se!' ,rie%an!es issin, the 13 of of ho <nliDe !onstitutional +tt"' the i!i&e has Santos in on issueL 6h"L inha:itants health' otion Ce:uH 5n for Posa&as 221 of re!onsi&eration the SC1+ islan& &e Puerto 2)9' whi!h of to 1i!o woul& the !o +sso!iates &enial :e pel the the of tar,et his %s' to the !on&u!t Prote!tion'C of law' !ost 3he a of !ontinuin, foo& !ourt :ein, ust sur%eillan!e' ser%e& &e!i&e to within the 3his prisoners' twent"*four in%ol%es 5n +ppeals in 3#2 F2& 233H an& <nite& States SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ,uarantee ConstitutionH a pro!ee&in,s an& !har,e :een appointin, of !urtaile&' of >ohann free&o ur&er +tt"' are an& +re 9arroso of a" !ri the" senten!e& spee!h :e inal !orre!tL &enie& in inof in his !hara!ter to its :ail stea&' suffer 6h"L fa%or' if the in +rti!le 5n First appli!ation' of 3ouris atta!D :" ,o%ern pan" of Puerto ent for!es 1i!oH to #78 e%a!uate <'S' 328H the it fa!tH parti!ipate e0!essi%e (2#) hours in the entan,le fro !ase inwhi!h the the of fla, AB &ate ent 7one !ere with of %s' filin, reli,ion' on" /state will the of %iolate !ase' Sai& their Supre eCo Court &enie& the petition for !ertiorari in SU22ESTE! I+$air+ent Pri*a"y o# Corre%$onden"e C ANS4ER: a-%e5 &a%i" H-+an 619987 Rig't% (a) NoH (2N) whi!h the 3he SU22ESTE! the or&inan!e !ontention a!!use& is !an ANS4ER: not that refuse %ali&' the to a) 5n taDin, testif"H Se!tion Eille,as the of 8H %s' pri%ate @iu e%i&en!e i National 555Hprison Se!tion 9anD of ent 12(1) his of of 9oston ,uilt fro of the is 8 %s' stron, to 1987 9ellottiH 12 "earsH !onsi&erin, Constitution #32 :ail <'S' is 7)2 that a re?uires Hilitar" it the was Sha:a==H free&o area was rule& an& of offere& it that reli,ion' was a note& the law Free&o resi&ents that prohi:itin, the of 8osle te reli,ion !ertain porar" prisoners !annot t"pes :e of &e!ision a" :e appeale& the appropriate 382 <'S' 911' 3his rulin, was a&opte& :" the 3he No E55' refusal *of 3he of poli!e the ha& se suspi!ions inar" to a& that it >uan CMC propert" Chion, 619987 +rti!le &efen&ant 555 3sai for the ust Pao the Constitution wait @oH purpose until 8) aSC1+ ?uestion allows of 270H !onstru!tin, e !allin, plo"ees it was for hel& in an an rule& !ri that atter e that with a of &is!retion' person this whi!h ,uarantee he un&er is <n&er !har,e& e0ten&s 1ule in%esti,ation is 11#H to punisha:le !orporations' Se!' 2H for :" par' the 5n were ha a&%ertise let' :ein, ents ,i%en is a %ali& &ifferent if it was eal whene%er a&opte& porD in the i !ourt paire& within e0!ept fort"*ei,ht upon the (#8) showin, hours after of a re!eipt !lear an& of 5llinois Supre e Court in People %s' 6illia sH 31 :) No' 2: 5finator" SheilaH the assistan!e an a!tressH woul& si,ne& :e a two*"ear in the for of !onstitutes Sa in!ri sonH in%i&ious e answer :er &is!ri is of a!tuall" the inationH asDe&' su:%ersi%e %iolati%e (Suare= of New the %' a?ue&u!t that the su!h an for se!tor or&inan!e floo& to !ontrol for %iolates unions' is not e?ual @owe%erH for pu:li! prote!tion' the" useC is 5t re!lusion 1 !o ofpu:li! the ission 1ules perpetua' of of an CourtH offense 5t is if thus the shall not &e!ision ha%e a atter of no the of less ri,ht trial than woul& :e ser%e&' present interest of &an,er the healthH of a su:stanti%e safet"H an& e%il welfare whi!h of the Eir,inia sa e' 5n all !asesH an" &e!ision a" :e +713& 920' ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: la:orator" !ontra!t Can with ilitar" e?uip Soli&ari&a& !o ent in an&er !he Fil sH for!e istr" 3he an& fil resi&ents ph"si!sH !o pan" it /?ual Proletarian 3on,!oH Prote!tion 2 SC1+ +r "H 71) Clause was (+rt' usin, 555H Se!' the 1) ail of the for untena:le* faile& !annot to ,o !onsi&er on 3he striDe' i&ea the +s that %ali& e0plaine& CP<975C su:stantial in So!ial <S/C &ifferen!es eans for !ourt State C!ohithe petent 9oar& !on%i!tin, to :e of an& release& Phar the in&epen&ent a!" a!!use& on %s' :ail Eir,inia !han,e& in !ounsel su!h Citi=ens !ase' prefera:l" the Consu nature 3he of er people' 5n Capital 9roa&!astin, Co pan" us' State appeale& has to a the ri,ht Supre to pre%ent' e Court 3he (9a"an refusal 8una the %' Freedo+ o# E,$re%%ion5 Cen%or%'i$ 6899:7 3he to Coun!il transfer suit 5n!'H shoul& their #22 <'S' pla!es :e &is 7#8 H of isse&' it+pril a:o&e was 3he hel& without Free that a this /0er!ise !ourt ri,ht will un&ertooD :e %ali&' to pro 3he ote purpose her !areer of the an& assistan!e to feature is Constitution' propa,an&a purposes 3he fa!tH in that ,ainin, the other new appli!ant a&herents is e0!lusi%el" a Se!urit" on, the S"ste use aliens :" / the re?uire& plo"ees pu:li! +sso!iation to has pa" :een the &is!ar&e&' %' fee' Court 3he !ourt of histhe own offense ust !hoi!e first fro aDe C non*:aila:le 3his a &eter is ination eant to :aila:leH to of the stress the the tea!hers 8it!hell 333 an& F the Supp stu&ents 282H a to law parti!ipate aDin, it in unlawful the fla, /r itaH $'1' No' 1)9838H 22H 200))' No (2) +s 5M hel& * 8a" in Cha%e= %' Court (CA8/7/C) of +ppealsH 2# prohi:it Clause e0ten&s of to the !o Constitution er!ial a&%ertise is essentiall" ents' a restraint 5n +"er se!ularH her or&erL as the /0plain' i'e'H lea&in, the la&" i :ein, pro%e in at least ent of four the o%ies' ?ualit" 5n of the to its son !ause' of athe 3he poor Chief far er of &oes Poli!e not of 9antolanH aDe the +s sa of lon, e a as on, 172 purpose SC1+ itCA8/7/C )8) of the !olle!te& P1989QH taDin, the is fro ter pu:li!H s e%er" an& stren,th appli!ation pri+ppeals' a!" of a!!or&e& the for :ail e%i&en!e to a" :e the on file& the %oluntariness an& :asis a!te& of e%i&en!e upon of the a&%ertise !i,arettes on an" e&iu of !ere on" &oes not pose a !lear an& present SU22ESTE! SC1+ ))3H in a ANS4ER: !ri inal !ase the a!!use& a" the postin, of &e!als an& sti!Ders on C o:ileC on Pro&u!tions ,o%ern Pt"H ental 7t&' interferen!e %s' Capulon,H 1)0 with SC1+ the 8)1 ri,ht H3he the of tertiar" turnH Sheila e&u!ation' pro ise& +n" thatH :enefit for the to reli,ion &uration is of the erel" &is!ri 7anao &el ination or&ere& an" less the in%i&ious Post aster sin!e of the the other town e0er!ise e !on&itions plo"e& ofSur of power alienH their e of whether e plo" inent ent &o he are ain fi0e& is is !asual ;ustifia:le' :" law' or alrea&" :" !hoi!e the appellate un&er presente& the !ourt' uni?uel" :" the +& prose!utionH stressful ission to !on&itions :ail unless is it of a &an,er' ele!troni! !o uni!ation was uphel&' NoH 2' alto,ether the -oes refuse ilitar" the !o to a%aila:ilit" taDe an&er the witness of !annot a Free&o an& !o refuse pel ParD the pla!esH pu:li! or pri%ateH su!h as on a pri%ate in&i%i&uals Supre e Court to worship hel& that as e%en the" if please' the pro&u!tion 5t is not of a in!i&ental' !ontra!tH she Sin!e shall the not e?uip ,et arrie& ent !an or ha%e onl" :e a use& appli!ant to inter!ept is an& also open a!a&e all i!all" ail a&&resse& &efi!ient' to an& 3he 6hate%er per / plo"ees anentH in part*ti a" the :e pu:li! :enefi!iall" e or se!tor full*ti !annot e e' 3he plo"e& striDe or&inan!e for to the &esires &is!retionar"' !usto&ial to in%esti,ationB present so e 3husH oreH the an& law"er ,i%e the !alle& to <nite& States Supre e Court su aril" Freedo+ o# Re igion5 F ag Sa -te 6899:7 resi&ents ;ustif" to answer the &enial an" transfer ?uestionH of S8Bs their :e!ause appli!ation pla!es of the a:o&e for purpose aaffir per without of itL %ehi!leH an& li it their lo!ation onl" to the a an&ate fil is a to !o the state er!ial to a!ti%it" taDe positi%eH that is e0pe!te& ati%e to for :a:"; a se!ular otherwiseH purposeH she shall it is :e reli,iousl" lia:le to refun& neutral' to +s re%erse !o in, fro &is!ri >uan ination Sa pra!ti!e& son in the :" interest the se of inar" the ,eneral also se!ure %iolates !on!essions welfare &ue satisfies pro!essH fro the their :e!ause re?uire e plo"er' ent it &oes of pu:li! not a!!use& :e present the &urin, opportunit" su!h in%esti,ation to present !ounter%ailin, shoul& :e as sustaine& this rulin, in CapitaV 9roa&!astin, Rig't% o# t'e A""-%ed5 Rig't to S$eedy Tria No !allin, 555 * hi Chil&ren as a witness who are for the e prose!ution :ers of a reli,ious has a (2'2N) !ourt or&er' <n&er Se!tion )H +rti!le 555 of the authori=e& postin, areas that the CA8/7/C itself a!tion "iel& profitsH to ena:le it is !o%ere& the in&i%i&ual :" to ,uarantee en;o" his of hel& the fil in 3ilton !o pan" %s' a 1i!har&sonH portion of its #03 pro <'S' otion )72H it will !annot national :e se!urit"' ;ustifie& 6as :e!ause the or&er unliDe of the the Chief ra!e of use' !ontain (@eirs an" of stan&ar& to ,ui&e the a"or in the e%i&en!e' far as reasona:l" 5f ha%in, &one possi:leH this the the !ourt !hoi!e fin&s the of the Co pan" usH +!tin, +ttorne" $eneral #02 <'S' >uan!ho +r&ona %' 1e"esH 123 SC1 + 220 (1983)) 689997 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: se!t no other ha%e purpose :een :ut e0pelle& to in!ri fro inate their hi 'or respe!ti%e ConstitutionH a lawful or&er of the !ourt is fi0esL /0plain' free&o '3he of 5t spee!h' woul& ha%e :een &ifferent the not e0penses' in%ol%e a) e0!essi%e -oes this !ontra!t ,o%ern inot ent pairH entan,le iha& pin,e ent pro:le Poli!e %ali&L in + (2N) eri!aH po%ert" is a !on&ition of e0er!ise of the power ,rante& to hi :" e%i&en!e in&i%i&ual not to un&er,oin, :e stron,H then ?uestionin,' it :e!o es the 3he 1000' law in ?uestion was ena!te& on the No ME' Char,e& :" Fran!is!o with li:elH Pa:lo SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: NoH the a%aila:ilit" of a free&o parD &oes not pu:li! s!hools for refusin,H on a!!ount of their re?uire& :efore the li:ert" of a:o&e an& of -ire!tor of Prisons prohi:ite& eatless &iets in the with uponH reli,ionH for the use of the e?uip ent will not inferiorit" nee&in, re&ress' or&inan!e' 3husH !onfers upon hi unrestri!te& ri,ht appoint of ent of to it :e +tt"' a& 9arroso itte& to :ail' is 3he ?uestiona:le :asis of>ohann the le,islati%e fin&in, that there iserror a nee& (:) 9ut the !ontention that Presi&ential -e!rees was arrai,ne& on >anuar" 3H 2000H was +!!or&in, NoH ;ustif" :' (3) 3he an" +s the the tea!hers in !onstitutionall" or&er a &enial to !ri +&ion, of inal !annot of the !aseH the Chief %' prote!te& !lai per CA8/7/C' C of !an it' that Poli!e 5t refuse li:ert" &oes their is ri,ht 207 to i !ere of not taDe pl" to SC1+ %ali&H that the reli,ious :eliefsH to taDe part in the fla, on" !han,in, the sa e !an :e ithe paire&' penal institution' re?uire sur%eillan!e' power to allow or pre%ent an a!ti%it" whi!h is the :e!ause trial !ourt he was lies in %isitin, outri,htl" a relati%e &en"in, worDin, the otion in the to prote!t pu:li! healthH :e!ause s Pre*trial oDin, !auses pro%i&in, !) 3he law that is !onstitutional' in &eter inin, 5t ;ust is a !o %ali& pensation e0er!ise the &ispense& with an& !ontinuous trial was set for EF-a ALTERNATI(E Prote"tion5 ANS4ER5 Po i"e Po1er 689997 SheilaL witness /0plain' stan& an& :) refuse 5f Soli&ari&a& to answer Fil an" s tries ?uestion' to 712 :e!ause no pea!ea:l" per P1992QH its there asse are the is re?uire& prohi:ition :le no an& law for whi!h petition a!ti%ities is un!onstitutional' authori=es for the in re&ress free&o hi to 5t whi!h in!lu&es pla"in, :" a :an& or sin,in, the lawful per se' for N95 :ail an& of >ohann' thus his in&epen&en!e is has &ou:tful' lun, &iseases' Cow:o" 7e%"Bs not poli!e powerH '''' %alue state& :" the owner in his ta0 &e!laration 8ar!h 7H 8 an& 9H 2000' An the first settin,H the No OesH 5E' the <n&aunte& ilitar" !o :" his an&er three !an failures !o pel in the the enfor!e 5n Pas!ual this %' 9oar& of 8e&i!al /0a inersH 28 !urtails or&er parDs' of ,rie%an!es <n&er the the free&o Post has 9'P' :een aster 9i,' of !urtaile&' 880H e0pression to the open +!!or&in, &enial of the in&i%i&uals a" letters to :e national anthe H salutin, the Philippine fla, an& 7aw"ers en,a,e& :" the poli!eH whate%eror o%erthrown this fin&in,' that &eter ine& :" the assessorH whi!he%er is lowerH prose!ution o%e& for its postpone ent an& Freedo+ !) 5n !ontra!t ,eneralH o# ;u&i!iall"H Re the igion5 ,i%in, Li+itation% this s!holarship !onstitutionall" 619987 %ou!hers National resi&ents SC1+ 3##H 8e&i!al to it transfer was hel& +& their that ission pla!es an 3est a& of inistrati%e a:o&e (N8+3)H without !ase Cru= who a&&resse& ;ustifie& 9an,alisan wish onl" to %' to an& Court if e0press there !o of in, +ppeals' isof their fro !lear >uan preferen!e 27) an& SC1+ Sa !on%in!in, son' )19 for +n a re!itin, the are patrioti! ple&,e' 3he stu&ents an& testi onials ,i%en will as proof of their pro:it" an& Freedo+ o# t'e Pre%%5 A"t-a 0a i"e 6899;7 in un!onstitutional is !orre!t' 5n /P.+ %' -ula"' !an!ellation of the other settin,s :e!ause its EF-a Rig't% o# Prote"tion5 t'e A""-%ed5 In*idio-% Rig't to !i%"ri+ination &ai 5 Ca$ita No to prote!te& stu&ents ME' * li:ert" + is reli,ious %ali&' pre%ailL Se!tion or,ani=ation /0plain' 2(3)H SU22ESTE! +rti!le has a M5E weeDl" of applie& a for !ourt alpra!ti!e or&er' to taDe 5f an& there it !an!ellation a,ain is no reasona:le :ut of he the was li!ense ti e refuse& to to ,et !an&i&ate offi!ial e%i&en!e (1997)H the" inthat :" the !an postin, e0er!ise /0e!uti%e pu:li! &e!als this asse -epart an& ri,ht :l" sti!Ders without will ent !reate on !annot their a their parents assail the e0pulsion on the ,roun& suppose& in&epen&en!eH are ,enerall" suspe!tH (2*a) 3he S3+1H national newspaperH prin!ipal an& pro:a:l" onl" witnessH the pri%ate Po i"e Po1er5 @oning Ordinan"e *%= Non< 619877 tele%ision ANS4ER: O##en%e 6>;<899?7 pro,ra a) OesH the 'a 3he !ontra!t pro,ra i &ail" pairs presents the ri,ht an& of the pra!ti!e Constitution e&i!ine re?uires is penal the in !hara!terH State to esta:lish :e!ause :e!ause a or&er of an& an the or&er !han,e of the of a:o&e -epart is%iolation ent erel" of !ars interfere !lear stoppa,e an& an& with to of present !on%in!e !lasses' the pri%a!" &an,er others to to !orrespon&en!e pu:li! a,ree or&erH with the pu:li! an& 'a 5t that the s!hool authorities ha%e a!te& in as!ourt in an" areasH the relationship :etween $'1' No' 29)03H +pril 29H 1987H it was hel& that !arrie& an e0!lusi%e report statin, that Senator No' State !o E5: plainant whether 8arina Fran!is!oH or NeptuniaH not the su&&enl" law &au,hter is !onstitutional' ha& of a to sea ,o !aptain I+$air+ent o# Contra"t% 619897 propa,ates s"ste Sheila an unfa%ora:le to of su:si&ies arr" its reli,iousH &e!ision an& to to pro!reate' &eser%in, woul& &o!trinesH result stu&ents 3he an& inof !ase the !o in of :oth pares /&u!ationH te porar"H :e!ause Culture an& of the Sports e0i,en!"H (-/CS) this &isallowin, e0er!ise is safet"H also uni!ation pu:li! o%er:roa&H !on%enien!eH in the :e!ause a:sen!e pu:li! it en!o orals a passes law or of their ri,ht to free pu:li! e&u!ationH free&o of law"ers an& law enfor!e ent authorities !an :e this etho& pres!ri:e& for as!ertainin, ;ust MM re!ei%e& a house an& lot lo!ate& OO StreetH No' Rig't a:roa& 12: to to Pe&ro A%%e+b fulfill :ou,ht a professional y5 P-b a par!el i" Tea"'er% !o of lan& itat ent' 689987 fro 3he S art an& /0plain sister :riefl"' to four arine offi!ers &e!i&e& as a No' !hil& their 7o%in, re%o!ation pra!ti!es %s' Eir,iniaH of the with li!ense those 388 <'S' of of the other 1 an& respon&ent reli,ions' .a:lo!Di to %s' an& pri%ate s!hools' @owe%erH the law is flunDers of fro power taDin, a" :e the ;ustifie&' test a fourth ti e' Cru= pri%ate authori=in, pu:li! health propert" hi (9a"an to an& &o 8una so !onstitutes or a %' lawful /r &epri%ation itaH or&er $'1' of the of spee!hH an& reli,ious free&o an& worship' s" poli!e :ioti!' Consi&erin, that 8ariano was &epri%e& !o pensation !onstitutes an i per issi:le 8aDatiH in !onsi&eration for his %ote !uttin, No 2' M *instea& 3en + law pu:li! &en"in, s!hool persons tea!hers !har,e& of Caloo!an with to CorporationH ;u&,e her a &is fatherBs realt" isse& fir footsteps' the en,a,e& !ase 5n for in failure &e%elopin, ,rowin, to up pra!ti!e e&i!ine' Conse?uentl"H he !an refuse to %a,ue 1e&hail an& #3# o%er*:roa&' <'S' 37# re!o,ni=e& <n&er itH aher stu&ent ri,ht to who file& suit assailin, this rule raisin, the propert" !ourt' 1)9838H Se!tion +pril without 22H 3(1)H &ue 200))' +rti!le pro!ess 555 of of law' the Awnership Constitution of -e!i&e the !ase' of follow !ounsel of his own !hoi!eH the state ent is en!roa!h ent on the prero,ati%es of !ourts' 5t !i,arette ta0es :" 20N' 3he Senator sue& the Cit" !ri es left punisha:le their :" re!lusion s to ;oin perpetua a striDeH whi!h or &eath an& prose!ute' sellin, a)!lassroo 6oul& lots to the the ,rant pu:li!' of the Ane otion of for the "ears taDe the she witness was as stan&' u!h at ho e on :oar& a of :oat arr" is a :asi! !i%il ri,ht' 7iDewiseH the !ase wants to stu&" for the priesthoo& !an appl" for !onstitutional ,roun&s of a!!essi:le ?ualit" propert" pro%i&es: in!lu&es the ri,ht to use' 3he prohi:ition ina& issi:le in e%i&en!e' (People %' >anuarioH ten&s to ren&er !ourts inutile in a atter whi!hH S3+1H its reporterH e&itor an& pu:lisher for li:elH SU22ESTE! Non<I+$ri%on+ent C3he pri%a!" ANS4ER: of #or !o Non<Pay+ent uni!ation an& o# !ebt +s 3' the 5s 8o%ie the re?uire an& ent 3ele%ision to appl" for 1e%iew a per an& ittoe laste& the ri,ht for to one :ail' (2N) onthH S<$$/S3/to asD for tea!hersB +NS6/1: as restri!tions postpone she was ent in in ha%e the the fa %iolate& &ee& il" ho of the e :" sale a!!use&Bs the whi!h sea' ri,ht 5n was ti SDinner su:si&" %s ADlaho an& use aH it 31) for <'S' his stu&ies' 232 re!o,ni=e& 3his will e&u!ationH a!a&e i! free&o an& e?ual is !ensorshipH whi!h !annot :e ;ustifie&' $'1' No' 98222H Fe:ruar" 7H 1997) un&er the ConstitutionH is reser%e& to the for final !lai in, report was !o pletel" false an& stu&ents !orrespon&en!e !annot :e shall e0pelle& :e in%iola:le fro s!hool' +s Classifi!ation 6199:7 to hol& a rall" 9oar& a prior (831C9) restraint foun& on free&o as offensi%e of :enefits' 3he law isthe in%ali& as it !ontra%enes Se!tion 13H annotate& spee&" trialL in to (2N) the title is that the lot shall :e use& she earne& a 9a!helor of S!ien!e &e,ree in that the ri,ht pro!reate is a :asi! !i%il ri,ht' in%ol%e usin, pu:li! fun&s to ai& reli,ion' prote!tion' 3he ,o%ern ent opposes thisH &eter ination' For althou,h un&er the &e!rees the ali!ious' +!!or&in, to(2'2N) the SenatorH there is no e0!ept upon lawful or&er of the !ourtH or No 12: Se!' 13 of P112 (3rust 1e!eipts 7aw) hel& in555 /:ralina, %' 3he -i%ision Superinten&ent se%eral spee!h an& episo&es asse of :l"L the pro,ra whi!h atta!De& +rti!le ofthe the 1987 Constitution whi!h pro%i&es 8arine :" the :u"er 3ransportationH e0!lusi%el" for a;or resi&ential in Na%i,ation purposes' an& 3hese ri,hts are part of the li:ert" prote!te& :" uphol&in, !onstitutionalit" of the rule on the !ourts still ha%e the power to &eter ine ;ust OO Street in 8aDatiH the ta0 !ut was onl" SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he -epart when ent pu:li! of /&u!ationH safet" or or&er Culture re?uires Sports Freedo+ pro%i&es that o# E,$re%%ion5 when the entrustee Prior Re%traint in a an& trust 619887 re!eipt of S!hools of Ce:u' 219 SC1+ 22) P1993QH to other reli,ionsH the 831C9 re?uire& the that Call personsH e0!ept those !har,e& with + ain hi,hwa" ha%in, :een !onstru!te& a!ross Sea anship' She ser%e& her apprenti!eship for a the &ue pro!ess !lause in Se!tion ,roun& of e0er!ise ofan& poli!e power' -e!i&e !o pensationH their tasD is re&u!e& to si pl" 20N' @e !lai e& one illion pesos in &a a,es' 3he ,rant of the otion for postpone ent woul& Freedo+ !har,e& ALTERNATI(E otherwise the o# a& ANS4ER: Re as inistrati%el"H igion5 pres!ri:e& Non<E%tab for :" whi!h law'C reason i%'+ent NoH the re?uire ent for a per it to hol& a rall" is a,ree fails to &eli%er the pro!ee&s of the sale pel stu&ents to taDe part in the fla, !ere on" or,ani=ation to su: it its tapes for re%iew prior to offenses punisha:le :" re!lusion perpetua when "ear the su:&i%isionH in ent a er!hant the area arine :e!a %essel e !o re,istere& er!ial for in !ase &is!ussin, the ,roun&s raise&' (2N) &eter inin, the lower %alue ofpasse& the propert" as 3he &efen&ants &enie& Ca!tual ali!eHC !lai in, not ha%e %iolate& the ri,ht of the a!!use& to SU22ESTE! No' 1' the" +rti!le N95 were 1): was 1 3he re?uire& of !orre!t the ANS4ER: Se!retar" Constitution' to in answer &is of issin, an& 3ransportation for +tt"' all" Santos an& as C a-%e a prior 619977 restraint on free&o of spee!h an& or to return the ,oo&s if not sol& to entrustee* when it is a,ainst their reli,ious :eliefs will %iolate airin,' e%i&en!e of ,uilt is stron,H shallH :efore !on%i!tionH nature' 3he uni!ipalit" later a =onin, forei,n tra&e an& another "ear onthe a er!hant &e!lare& either :" the owner or :" the assessor' pri%ile,e& !o uni!ation an& a:solute free&o spee&" trial' +s hel& 5n People %' 7e%isteH 222 +s Pri*a"y hel& in o#-epart Corre%$onden"e5 ent of .ai 619897 Culture an& No' in%esti,ate& he was #: in!o <pon :" petent' re?uest a !o 3he ittee of 1987 a !o ,roup Constitution pose& of of o%erseas the Co uni!ations has warne& ra&io station asse :l"' 3he Supre e Court has hel& that the :anDH the entrustee is lia:le for estafa un&er the their reli,ious free&o '/&u!ationH 3heir e0pulsion also :e :aila:le :" suffi!ient suretiesH or :e release& or&inan!e arine %essel &e!larin, re,istere& the for area !oastwise as a !o tra&e' er!ial 9ut C><S3 CA8P/NS+35ANC eans the %alue of the of the press to report on pu:li! offi!ials an& SC1+ 238 (199))' sin!e the otion for Sports No' 8: 6hile %' San -ie,oH180 senten!e SC1+ in 233 8untinlupa (1989)H the for 3he !ontra!t :) -i%ision re?uires OesH reli,ious the Superinten&ent !ounsel worDers !onstitutionall" or,ani=ation to in :e 9runeiH !o of S!hools prote!te& petent :rou,ht 1e%' an& Father as li:ert" the Chair !ase >uan of anH &e to operators a,ainst sellin, :lo!De& ti eH on per it re?uire ent is %ali&H referrin, to it as 1PC' -oes this pro%ision not %iolate the %iolates the &ut" of the State un&er +rti!le M5EH on re!o,ni=an!e as a" :e pro%i&e& :" law'C 3he :anD :uil&in, on his lot' S art Corporation went to :e!o e a ser%in, full*fle&,e& arine offi!er she ha& to propert" at the ti e of the taDin,' 5ts &eter ination atters of pu:li! !on!ern' 5f was an" errorH postpone ent was the first one re?ueste&H the rule !ri ison a e %ali& of theftH e0er!ise CMC sta::e& of poli!e &ea& power one to of ensure his !ourt Sheila the in&epen&ent' -i%ision will the pre%ailH Super%isor ,roun& +tt"' :e!ause 9arrosoH that as the it :ein, ethere in%ol%es :er a of an& :ar the :asi! topnot!her a 831C9 hu an la Cru=H a 1o an Catholi! priestH was sent to that !lai that the ti e !o%ere& there:" are often use& re,ulation of the ti eH pla!eH an& anner of !onstitutional ri,ht a,ainst ia!tion prison ent for non* Se!tion 1 of the Constitution to prote!t an& a!!use& a" not :e &epri%e& of his !onstitutional pass to !ourt the to appropriate stop !onstru!tion :oar& e0a as inations %iolati%e :efore of the re?uires that all fa!ts as to the !on&ition of the the S3+1 sai& it woul& pu:lish !orre!tion nee& for the offen&e& part" to atten& to a that ,uar&sH those CMC a& was itte& !har,e& to the with e&i!al ur&er' profession -urin, are his tea!herH a:l"those assiste& as another 8ariano e an& :er' there An is the no :asis showin, of the suppresses !ountr" ri,hts' 3he :" its wai%er the free&o Presi&ent of these of spee!h of :asi! the hu an& Philippines an interferes ri,hts is to :" :u"in, the to atta!D the present hol&in, pu:li! asse :ut not the !ontent of pa" ent of a &e:tL /0plain' pro ote the ri,ht of all !iti=ens to ?ualit" ri,ht to :ail e%en if !har,e& with a !apital offense :uil&in, restri!tions i :liesH pose& :" it' 3he !orporation she !oul& ,et her professional li!ense an& propert" an& its surroun&in,s an& its pro ptl"' 5s there Ca!tual ali!eC in S3+1BS professional !o it ent is a %ali& reasonH no ?ualifie&' trialH the prose!ution 3he ar,u ents intro&u!e& of Cru= as are e%i&en!e not a taDe e%i&en!e that his ha%in, a&&u!e& afree relati%e at the in for the al N95 in%esti,ation affe!te& his with %oi&' its 6hat ri,ht Soli&ari&a& to e0er!ise Fil s of is seeDin, reli,ion' to -e!i&e' re!o%er inister to their spiritual nee&s' 3he tra%el a& inistration' +ssu e that the &epart ent the spee!h itself' 3husH there is no prior restraintH e&u!ation an& aDe su!h e&u!ation a!!essi:le to where the e%i&en!e of ,uilt is not stron,' re,istration' !onten&s that She the applie& =onin, in or&inan!e >anuar" !annot 198) to nullif" pro%e ents an& !apa:ilities ust :e reporta,eL @ow is Ca!tual ali!eC &efine&L +re SU22ESTE! su:stantial ri,ht ANS4ER: of the a!!use& woul& :e letter eritorious' written 3he in prison ri,ht to :" ?ualit" CMC to his e&u!ation wife ten&in, an& to whi!h in&epen&en!e' aents pl" esta:lishe& 8oreo%erH their the a!!use& ,uiltH the has -ire!tor the P2NQ e0pensesH are pro otion per e0penses' &ie sH !lothin, 3hese in%ol%e allowan!e propert" an& i ple this warnin, an& or&ers owners an& sin!e the !ontent of the spee!h is not rele%ant to all' the !ontra!tual o:li,ation assu e& :" the :u"er' e0a ination for arine offi!ers :ut her appli!ation !onsi&ere&H an& this !an onl" :e &one in a ;u&i!ial &efen&ants lia:le for &a a,esL (2N) SU22ESTE! NoH pre;u&i!e&H Se!tion an& 13 ANS4ER: of the Presi&ential prose!ution -e!ree shoul& No' :e 112 a!a&e esta:lish i! that free&o the !ri are e not of a:solute' ur&er was <n&er the result ren&ere& final !hoi!e a &e!ision of !ounsel etin, as he out a" to re;e!t the the the one ri,hts' +s hel& in Philippine 9loo in, 8ills onthl" stipen& of P2H000 were or&ere& !har,e& operators of ra&io stations not to sell :lo!De& ti e the re,ulation (9a"an 8una %' /r itaH $'1' No' was -e!i&e re;e!te& the !ase' for the reason that the law 1e,ulatin, pro!ee&in,' 3he Freedo+ &oes reli,ious not %iolate o# or,ani=ation the Re !onstitutional igion5 !annot Non<E%tab in%oDe ri,ht a,ainst free&o i%'+ent Se!tion of affor&e& pre e&itation' 2(3)H a fair +rti!le opportunit" 3he M5E letter of to the was prose!ute ConstitutionH written its !aseH the penalt" !hosen of for re hi o%al an& fro asD for offi!e' another' 3he &e!ision + law"er was a,ainst / plo"ees the Ar,ani=ation Presi&entBs &is!retionar" %s' Philippine fun&' 9loo <pon in, to intereste& parties without prior !learan!e fro 1)9838H +pril 22H 200))' the Pra!ti!e of 8arine Profession in the Philippines of i SU22ESTE! prison spee!h ent an& for free&o ANS4ER: non*pa" of reli,ion ent of a as &e:t' ,roun&s +s hel& for ri,ht C %oluntaril"' the a-%e to otion !hoose 619887 shoul& 5n the a profession !ourse :e ,rante&' of inspe!tionH is su:;e!t to itsuperior was fairH affir pro%i&e& e& :" :" the the -/CS in%esti,ators Se!retar" is &ee an& the e& en,a,e& Ci%il 8illsH 5n!'H 21 SC1+ 189H !i%il ri,hts are to post au&it of the %ou!hers thereforH the -epart ent of 3ransportation an& (Pres' -e!' No' 97 (1973) ) spe!ifi!all" pres!ri:es E+inent FIRST ALTERNATI(E !o+ain5 So"ia ANS4ER: i)ed Ho-%ing 6199?7 ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: No' 3he 7: !ase * 3awi*3awi ust :e &is is a pre&o isse&' inantl" hel& 8osle in Arti,as refusin, in #' %s' +ssu to 1o&ilH su: in, it 172 the that SC1+ tapes &espite 100H to+s the the the 8o%ie &enial !ri inal an& of S8Bs reasona:le opene& an& an& rea& e?uita:le :" a war&en a& ission pursuant an& to the Ser%i!e :"7ee the a!!use& Co ission' where An he appealH raises no the" o:;e!tion reiterate& Co propert" ission ri,hts' on +u&it refuse& appro%al thereof uni!ations' that CNo person shall :e ?ualifie& for e0a ination No' Sin!e # * Senator 3he Cit" MM of is Pasi, a of pu:li! initiate& person e0propriation an& the !ontinuous trial !ases is re?uire& an& pro%in!e' an& Co pan"H 3he $o%ernorH 7i ite& Partnership the Ei!e*$o%ernorH %s' an& 3ele%ision lia:ilit" appli!ation Rig't% arises o# t'e 1e%iew for fro A""-%ed5 a per an& the itH %iolation Classifi!ation its Rig't e were to of :ers the &ai 9oar& hol& trust 5F/+35i a for rall"H a!a&e rules of i! &is!ipline re?uire of ents' the 9ureau 3he rule of &oes Prisons not an& %iolate the a,ainst ar,u the ents law"er the" &urin, raise& the :efore !ourse the of the !lai in, that the e0pen&itures in %iolation of as arine offi!er unless he is: pro!ee&in,s ?uestione& i on putation a one*he!tare is &ire!te& lot whi!h a,ainst is hi part in of sin!e the &ate of the initial hearin, was set upon Oou ALTERNATI(E 9anD e Constitution' are :ers an& approa!he& of 3rust its San,*,unian, Co ANS4ER5 pan"H :" an 9# intereste& SC1+ Panlalawi,an 233H part" su!h affe!te& are a re%iew re!eiptH !e$ortation prior whi!h to Ca%e is airin,' separate 619897 6hen an& the &istin!t reli,ious fro the e?ual !onsi&erin, pro ptin, prote!tion' the its !ontentsH poli!e 3here to is the a arrest su:stantial letter was the turne& ' &istin!tion +re the a& in%esti,ationH inistrati%e an& :o&iesH the a!!use& na el": thereafter the a his ten*he!tare pu:li! !apa!it"H par!el in of this lan& !ase &e%ote& a!tual to the ali!e a,ree ent of all partiesH in!lu&in, the a&%ersel" all 3he restri!tion 8osle wai%er :" in s' of the 5ts that the :u&,et !ontra!t or&er ri,ht to of pro%i&es !annot the arr" Se!retar" an& pre%ail the the $o%ernor o%er ri,ht of iso%er the to or,ani=ation loan se!ure& starte& :" it' Penali=in, presentin, su!h its pro,ra an a!t :etween o%er arrests to without the e&i!al prose!utor' ;u&i!ial stu&ents warrants 3he an& law"er other lawfulL of stu&ents' CMC (2'2N) su:s!ri:es to the truth of his state ent :efore the ,rowin, eans the of %e,eta:les' state ent was 3he purpose a&e with of the 3ransportation with pro!reate =onin, a !ertain or&inan!eH is %ali&' aan& ount /nfor!e :e!ause as his the ent ena!t of the !ontra!t ent tele%isionH itthe went into the real <nliDe o:;e!te& other to presentation of the letter an& swearin, offi!er' 3husH

pri%ate e0propriation professionsH Co &is!retionar" Dnowle&,e &oes a of SU22ESTE! (a) on!e o%e& %ali& a!tion' the 3heir not the or&inan!e uni!ations' e0er!ise !o for striDe entail prose!ution 3he its that plainantH the fun&s' return is ri,ht ANS4ER: was enfor!e it to of is was 6hat use e&i!al poli!e a to an on 1e!entl"H the %ali& shows a!t false the e0er!ise the woul& ;u&,e ent profession power' on e0er!ise lan& ,roun& or of oneBs there howe%erH with "ou properl" the as of (See a was their reli,ious that &o stipulation re!Dless of &ire!tl" relo!ation poli!e re,ar&in, also !o it &is the %iolates plian!e :elief isse& not 8arina 6as No' 12: the feels 8a" Co %er" an ission alien a,,rie%e& on in%oDe +u&it o%er !orre!t the the !onstitutional &enial in an& site affe!ts that is San,,unian, &isre,ar& to People power' 3he !onstitutional the with not ri,ht !ase for arr" :an the arrests a:solute the 200 5t %s' !onstitutional on of an& for is of li%es NitafanH CMC ha=ar&ous fa the failure are whether not ri,ht Panlalawi,an a,ainst an& ilies sale of unlawful' to the to to 207 is ha%e s?uattin, of it pea!eful prose!ute' su:;e!t re?uire people' to unlawful :lo!De& was SC1+ a health 6hat :a:"' false passe& to alon, asse 730) ent ti sear!h an& poli!e is or 5teL on is prohi:ite& not a the !o :l" li /0plain resolution pre* power an& (9or;a Pasi, ite& fort an& to to for an& %' a has &isallowin, ri,ht !o to :ail e to the &urin, "ou %ou!hers for the a&%i!e' pen&en!" in ?uestionL She wants of &eportation to Dnow: ri%er' (1) "our the appropriatin, SU22ESTE! Court refun& use sei=ure' petition interro,ation prote!tion the answer' a) of of 6hether the lot Can -e!i&e' +ppealsH aun&er for portion ,o%ern the a&%isoriesH P100H000 of resi&ential ANS4ER: owner the 301 ofent ,eneral 9oar& the SC1+ of as for a purposesH pro the !onfession a of re&ress welfare' spe!ial 1 /0a propert" otion I1999)' iners of sin!e e0penses &is!retionar" @en!e is ,rie%an!es' oppose Sin!e presu ha& a an" e& penali=e& Se!' 13 (a) an& 1# (a) of the 9'P' pro!ee&in,sL the plausi:le EF-a tapes fun& OesH there in!urre& Po hi,hwa" SU22ESTE! Rig't% to :e i"e of the %oluntar" is Prote"tion5 Po1er5 the a" no :" Co !rosses o# or :e proof $o%ernor Soli&ari&a& le,al t'e re?uire& ANS4ER: Abate+ent an& ission that the :asis A""-%ed5 Rig't the su:&i%ision to the on to for &e!larant Fil :e report +u&it :e to re;e!tin, spent o# s' Ed-"ation re%iewe& Se N-i%an"e was was an& :" :ears #<In"ri+ination !orre!t her hi pu:lishe& the prior the 6199;7 in area 6899;7 lea&in, in to as 9i, 880 is Cthe hol&in, of an" pu:li! asse :l" e0propriation on the ,roun& that onl" 200 appli!ation No' 5 airin,' a with (9*:) has 3he SU22ESTE! 619887 :ur&en pil,ri woul& 12; :e!o Dnowle&,e o:;e!tion an 3he of 3he a,e alien !hallen,e Cit" pro%in, e in -epart !o of 198)' of of ANS4ER: his that a" San the that pro%in!e er!ial' /0plain not it its ent 1afael law"er is his %ali&it" false in%oDe of !onfession /&u!ationH :riefl"' passe& ates or ust with the into :e !ourt an 8e!!aH re!Dless !onstitutional is sustaine&H Culture or&inan!e onSau&i an& the &isallowin, the e0pen&itures' Se!tion 29(2)H &efine& in this +!t :" an" lea&er or or,ani=er (2) In*o No' 3: out -ntary -r' 6hether of >uan the Ser*it-de Sto' ore the than 1987 3o 6199:7 as 10H000 Constitution is a pra!ti!in, s?uatter &entist Sports ,roun& +ra:iaH &isre,ar& authori=in, Se!tion (a) in%oluntar" ri,ht +!!or&in, to 5ssue& 5sla 3(1)H that :ail of an& the whether Bs &urin, it +rti!le aholiest Cit" untrue' to !ir!ular !onstitutes -e 8a"orH the 5E itla !it"' was + of &is?ualif"in, Cru= pen&en!" !onfession the assiste& false a%' 1987 prior Court or written notH of :" Constitution is an"one restraint of &eportation the a& the +ppealsH poli!eH issi:le who on +rti!le E5 of the Constitution prohi:its the without ha%in, first se!ure& that per it fa ilies in Pasi, Cit" will :enefit fro the ,uarantees 5n No' Po 5,lesia i"e 1); * Po1er5 >o"H ni her Cristo an the @oning 13C %s' ri,ht Court steno,rapherH to Ordinan"e a& of +ppealsH ission retire& to *%= 229 taDe Non< at the &efen&ants 302 in until 8ariDinaH the SC1+ a!!use& are 8etro 303 not su!!essfull" (1999)H lia:le 8anila' for the @e &a pro%es was ar,u a,e' !har,e& that ent it of was with the fails free&o to pro%i&es: pro!ee&in,s' re for o%e the of all fourth e0pression' a&%ertisin, 5n @ar%e" ti e inSu!h si,ns %s the Santia,oH National a &ispla"e& li itation /ntran!e 1)2 or is SC1+ %ali& e0pen&iture of pu:li! fun&s for the useH :enefitH or where a per it is re?uire& fro the offi!e C3he pri%a!" of !o uni!ation an& #CRA 256& 277& t'e #u+ e"e Cou t 'eld8 e0propriationL !o I+$air+ent in, >anuar" o#0 /0plain' Contra"t% 1988 :) arine Can 689917 offi!ers the -epart ent of a,e i ,i%en oralit" of as )2' a result :efore She left of the %iolen!eH unfinishe& 9oar& of inti -entistr" i&ationH trans!ription :" threat a la&" or of 3ests onl" e0pose& tea!hers 8#0H it in fro was e0!eptional to that a& pu:li! hel& the" ission that %iew were !asesH the to in athe !onstitutional Colle,e erel" su!h ain e0er!isin, of !it" as -entistr"' streetH where ,uarantee their for the M support of an" priest' 3he onl" e0!eption is when !on!erne& 0 0 Pro%i&e&H howe%erH that no shall :e in%iola:le e0!ept SECON! ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: +,rarian e0a 9-e Phil!onsaH No ME555 t'u% inations' 1efor 5n on e/ect the !onstitutional /0plain &ee&s +etitione an& of sale !ite ,roun&sH :% rele%ant toH +o%tulate an& has in file& the t'at lan& her pro !orrespon&en!e notes ise of in rewar& ato !ri or inal lenien!" !ase whi!h whi!h was are on not appeal' !onstitutional patientH who ri,ht !lai s to that pea!eful -r' Sto' asse 3o :l" as an& tooD to who purpose :ein, to :ail was offensi%e thus a" &is?ualifie&H not to pre%ent si,ht :e or in%oDe& otherwise ?uestions a!tual o:stru!tion ina the nuisan!e' &eportation to the priest is assi,ne& to the ar e& for!esH or to person !an :e punishe& or hel& !ri inall" lia:le upon lawful or&er of the !ourtH or when pu:li! Sin!e re?uire Senator the MM Cit" is of a pu:li! Pasi, person to first se!ure an& the pro%isions' suit titles present to of nullif" ho in this eowners the !ase' resolution +!!or&in,l"H of a resi&ential of the San,,unian, the su:&i%ision state ent is in It% 3he li:erties eligiou% Court with of her + +ppeals og person a" or&ere& i% an& +e Disse& %e >o" *eyond her to while trans!ri:e !onstitutionalit" re!ruit +8H petition pro!ee&in,sH whose ent the a&%ertisin, ,o%ern of :e!ause of ser%i!e the ent !ir!ular' the" a,en!" or for the &o re&ress 1) owns not sailin, -i& partaDe an& of the ,rie%an!e &ates !ir!ular rents ofshe the of an" penal institution or ,o%ern ent orphana,e or for parti!ipatin, in or atten&in, an otherwise safet" or or&er re?uires otherwise as SU22ESTE! authorit" fro ANS4ER: sai& -epart ent :efore ?uestione& it'e putation is &ire!te& a,ainst hitroopsH in Panlalawi,an Pasi, a& issi:le' Cit"H there ,i%in, are the restri!tions spe!ial &is!retionar" annotate& therein her notes' She refuse& to !o pl" with the or&er !annot was e,ie! un&er :e *y the sustaine&H treat e%+ondent ent :e!ause at the latterBs su!h d. It% !lini!' ri,hts +u*lic ust &epri%e transports out nature an" of her a of or !ri of the the her inal :ill:oar&s nu a!tion' :er or&ere& an& lo!ation re o%e& of :" leprosariu ' 3he sen&in, of aBoa priest to inister to pea!eful asse :l"'C pres!ri:e& :" law'C (People >ere=H $'1' No' 11#382H >anuar" 29H 1998) !on%ertin, the use the lan& (a)oadca%t his 3he pu:li! &is?ualifi!ation !apa!it"H in this of fe !ase ales a!tual the ali!e pra!ti!e fun& to the to %' the effe!t $o%ernor that for onl" the resi&ential state& purpose' houses @ow or reasonin, that she was no lon,er in the or the :e e0er!ise& for Cit" the 8a"orH purpose within !lai reasona:le s of that enfor!in, the Cit" li fro its' shoul& 6hen pri pa" su!h ar" for * spiritual on nee&s T; of o) o%erseas it% eligiou% !ontra!t + the og worDers a" a,ri!ultural to housin,L /0plain' SU22ESTE! !onstitutional 3husH Rig't% onl" o# t'e the ri,ht A""-%ed5 lea&er to e&u!ationL or Rig't or,ani=er 2) to -i& &ai of the 5 the 0atter rall" of arine profession !onstitutes as in%i&ious eans the state ent was a&e with Dnowle&,e woul& stru!tures "ou &e!i&e a" :e the :uilt !aseL or !onstru!te& $i%e "our reasons' on the lots' ,o%ern ent ser%i!e' 3he C+ &e!lare& >o" in ri,hts were e0er!ise& on re,ular s!hool &a"s re?uire the &estro"e& ents :ill:oar&s of &e!en!" at their or !urrent the se!urit" arDet of * &oes ing% not it fall out within o) t'e the *o%o" s!ope of o)an" inte of nal the *elie). 3here was no !ourt or&er whi!h authori=e& the Rig't% o# t'e A""-%ed5 Pre%-+$tion o# ANS4ER: +t o# Rig't the or initial a) a 0atter NoH hearin, the o# owner !i%"retion of of the propert" 6>7<899A7 a& inistrati%e !ir!ular without %iolate a per the it e?ual a" prote!tion :e arreste& without a &is!ri that it sin!e was ination false !on&e or with ne& re!Dless :" the &isre,ar& /?ual Prote!tion of @owe%erH the Cit" Coun!il Pasi, ena!te& an !onte pt of !ourt an& she was in!ar!erate&' >o" !o %alue instea& unit" of &urin, life' the Cit" (Near the has free %' appropriate& 8innesotaH ti e of the 283 tea!hersH the <'SH for)97 the e0!eptions' Tele,i%ion i% a "ediu" t'at eac'e% e,en war&en to rea& the letter of CMC' Neither is there Inno"en"e *%= Pre%-+$tion o# T'e#t 6899;7 a) State with reason(s) whether :ail is a atter !lause SU22ESTE! of the ConstitutionL ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! !annot !o plaintH oppose the the !o e0propriation plainantBs !ounsel on the ,roun& !alle& the warrant while the e :ers a" not :e arreste&H Clause of that Constitution (+rt' 5EH Se!' 1)t 5n the whether it was false or not (9or;al or&inan!e a en&in, the e0istin, =onin, or&inan!e file& a purpose petition for ha:eas !orpus ar,uin, that her tea!hers !o itte& a!ts pre;u&i!ial to the :est (1931))' pu:li! +tta!Ds of on !it" the :eautifi!ation' ,o%ern entH 3he on the 8a"or other t'e eye% and ea % o) c'ild en. T'e Cou an" law spe!ifi!all" authori=in, the 9ureau of (2*:) A. lost fi%e hea& !attle whi!h he reporte& of ri,ht or a atter of &is!retion in the %' Court of +ppealsH 301 SC1+ 1 I1999Q)' Sin!e it 3he Freedo+ resolution o# S$ee"'5 is un!onstitutional &an on Toba""o FirstH it A! %iolates ANS4ER: 1) NoH :e!ause it is a per issi%e that respon&ent onl" 200 as out his of first ore witness' than 10H000 3he s?uatter respon&ent as the" !an not :e punishe& or hel& !ri inall" <nite& StatesH un&er a si ilar pro%isionH while :" !han,in, the =one !lassifi!ation in that pla!e in!ar!eration is tanta ount to ille,al &etention han&H refuses interests !annot to of pa"H the ;ustif" so ser%i!e' +8 prior is suin, restraints' the Cit" For an& as the has eite ate% t'e ule t'at t'e exe ci%e o) Prisons to rea& the letter of CMCH <n&er Se!tion to the poli!e as stolen fro his :arn' @e re?ueste& followin, !ases: (#N) a) 3he i posa:le penalt" 619987 is a atter of pu:li! Dnowle&,e that there is no li art' itation E5H se!' to 29(2) ri,ht to of e&u!ationH Constitution as it is whi!h inten&e& to fa throu,h ilies in !ounselH Pasi, Cit" o:;e!te& will :enefit %i,orousl"H fro the !lai in, his lia:le for atten&in, the rall"' @owe%erH un&er earlier &e!isions of the Supre e Court uphel& fro purel" resi&ential to !o er!ial' an& to re?uire her to worD sans !o pensation :een 8a"or pointe& &a outH a,es Cthe arisin, interest fro of the so!iet" taDin, an& of his the eligion% ) eedo" can *e egulated *y t'e the 3(1)H 555 of the 1987 ConstitutionH to se%eral nei,h:orsH in!lu&in, 11H for help in looDin, for the !ri e No' OO Street 1: +rti!le Con,ress in 8aDatiH passes the pu:li!ation a law prohi:itin, was a&e prohi:its the appropriation of pu:li! one" or ensure that onl" those who are ?ualifie& to :e e0propriation' !onstitutional +s ri,ht hel& to in :e Philippine e0e pt Colu fro :ian :ein, a Se!tion 12 thereofH when the pu:li! asse :l" is %ali&it" of a statute prohi:itin, wo en fro woul& :e in%oluntar" ser%itu&e' -e!i&e' propert" aintenan!e without of &ue ,oo& pro!ess ,o%ern nor ent ;ust &e an& a full #tate !'en it !ill * ing a*out t'e CLEAR interfere with an" !orrespon&en!e when there is for the issin, ani als' +fter an e0tensi%e sear!hH !har,e& is rec'*sion perpe+*a an& the Rig't to Tra*e 5 Order o# Arre%t 619917 tele%ision stations fro airin, an" !o er!ial with re!Dless &isre,ar& of whether or not it is &entists propert"H are &ire!tl" a& itte& or in&ire!tl"H for enroll for ent'''' the useH :enefit +sso!iation witness a,ainst %s' PantsH hi self' 228 3he SC1+ 9oar& ))8H the note& the hel& without a per it where a per it is re?uire&H :arten&in, unless she was the wife or &au,hter of &is!ussion !o pensation' of pu:li! 6ill +8 affairs' prosperL Co 1eason plete li:ert" :riefl"' to AND PRE#ENT DANGER o) %o"e no !ourt or&erH there ust :e a law authori=in, it the poli!e foun& two hea& in 11Bs far ' 11 !oul& No' a!!use& ): 8r' /ste:an is a inor; Gron"H a Filipino !iti=enH is SU22ESTE! C+CH a lot ownerH ANS4ER: sol& his lot to a :anDin, fir an& a&%ertise false' 3he &efen&ants ent whi!h pro a" otes :e hel& to:a!!o lia:le or for in an" or support of an" s"ste of reli,ionH an&H se!on&H a!?uisition o:;e!tionH :ut of pri%ate rule& propert" that in the for so!iali=e& ne0t s!he&ule& the sai& pu:li! asse :l" a" :e pea!efull" a ale owner (3oesar+ /. C'eary( 445 6.7. ,%, (19, ) !o (2N) FIRST ent on ALTERNATI(E the !on&u!t of ANS4ER: pu:li! 3he en suit is a %u*%tanti,e e,il !'ic' t'e #tate i% duty in the interest of pu:li! safet" or or&er' not e0plain to the poli!e how the" ,ot hi&&en in a arreste& for the !ri e of s u,,lin,' @e posts :ail >o" !an :e in!ar!erate& for !onte pt of !ourt for the latter starte& !onstru!tin, a !o er!ial wa" ,la ori=es the !onsu ption of to:a!!o &a a,es' it !ontra%enes art' E5H se!H 22()) whi!h li its the housin, hearin,H is a for onth pu:li! an& use a half an& laterH the fa!t the that respon&ent onl" a &isperse&' an& &en"in, to wo en the ri,ht to pra!ti!e law s!alpel of +8 will in not the prosper' !ase i.e.& of 3he free reiou% spee!h' o%al of the 3he sharp *ound to + e,ent& %e det i"ent to re ote area of his far ' house 5nsistin, on his SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: for his release' Su:se?uentl"H he ;u ps :ail an& 2) NoH the !ir!ular &i& not %iolate the e?ual refusin, :uil&in, to on trans!ri:e the lot to her steno,raphi! ao) :anD insi&e notes' the +s pro&u!ts' appropriation of &is!retionar" fun&s onl" for pu:li! few woul& an& :e not !alle& e%er"one to testif" will as :enefit a witnessH fro the as the ri,ht (Brad&e'' /. 7+a+e( 4 6.7. (1% Wa'') 14$ (1 !4) H re!ent in!ision :ill:oar&s of is its not pro:e an e0er!ise relie%es of the the power a:s!esses of of t'e "e e o,e iding Inte e%t +u*lic inno!en!eH 11 !onsulte& a law"er who tol& hi 5f the a!!use& is a inor where the i posa:le Freedo+ Rig't to o# A%%e+b t'e Pre%%5 y5 4arti+e Per+it Cen%or%'i$ ReF-ire+ent% is a:out to lea%e the !ountr" when the prote!tion hel& 5n +&ora!ion !lause of %' the $at Constitution' aitanH )# 3here SC1+ is a 132H su:&i%ision' 3he su:&i%ision owner an& the purposes' 3he use of &is!retionar" fun&s for e0propriation he !lai s is &oes not not a%aila:le &etra!t fro in the a& nature inistrati%e of &e!isions ha%e in%ali&ate& statutes or re,ulations offi!ial&o e inent +u*lic &o' 8en ain"o :ut in pu:li! of poli!e power a" suffer (Chur!hill un&er a 'ealt'& al%& o life +u*lic !el)a e.9 he 3he rulin, of the <nite& States Supre e Court into has a ri,ht to :e presu e& inno!ent un&er the 9ill <o!e,e penalt" for &use' t'e the =o,ie !ri and e !har,e& Tele,i%ion is!an!els Re,ie! re!lusion 3his 619877 le,islation was passe& in response to 619987 -epart ent of Forei,n +ffairs (-F+) his su:stantial &istin!tion :etween &entistr" stu&ents her ho eownersB in!ar!eration asso!iation &oes file& not a!onstitute !ase in !ourt ille,al purel" reli,ious purpose is!ri thus un!onstitutionalH the in%esti,ationsH pu:li! :ut onl" in inal prose!utions' pro%i&in, for &ifferential treat ent of fe ales :ase& hostile an& an un;ust a!!usation; the woun& !an the !ase of Strou& %s' <nite& StatesH 221 of 9ut there is another presu ption of theft and No' perpetuaH M5E: Cla%%i)ication #: Al" 5n :ail pia woul& ornin, +!a&e Boa :e of a d "H +u,ust cannot atter a pri%ate 28H of *an ri,ht' 1987H t'e <n&er fin&in,s :" the -epart ent of @ealth a:out the passport' @e sues the -F+H !lai in, %iolation of &etention' other stu&ents' 5t is 3he lawfulH &ental :e!ause profession ituni%ersit"H &ire!tl" is the stop the !onstru!tion of the :uil&in, for :anDin, an& the fa!t that the &is:urse ent is a&e :" on1i,hts' nothin, stereot"pi!al an& ina!!urate :e assua,e& with the :al of a !lear <'S' 12 is not appli!a:le hereH :e!ause Se!tion arisin, fro his une0plaine& possession of stolen :) NoH the -epart ent of +,rarian 1efor !annot &urin, %' +rti!le 1affert"H )8 of hei,ht 32 the Phil' of 1e%ise& 280 *the P19120* fi,htin, Penal 3he at Co&eH Channel a:ate when # ent an& the of alar issue& in, a stu&ent rise in lun, re,ulation &iseases for in the aintainin, !ountr"' or&er 3he ina ta+e% his free&o on t'e to g tra%elH ound !itin, t'at t'ey the new attac(ed pro%ision in affe!ts the li%es an& health of people' Ather !onse?uen!e :usiness purposes of her an& &iso:e&ien!e to respe!t the of restri!tions the !ourt resolution a(<nite& lo!al le,islati%e :o&" an& not ,enerali=ations' 3he Court hel& that C!lassifi!ation !ons!ien!eHC States % 9ustosH 37 :" Phil' 3(1)H +rti!le 555 of the 1987 Constitution has no !attleR un&er the penal law' +re the two re?uire -r' Sto' Pasi, 3o as Cit" is to &e!i&e& first se!ure not to authorit" testif"' fro +s his it Ca nuisan!e offen&er s!hool elot @otelH is in a !a the inor the e0er!ise pus un&er an& ilitar" of to ei,hteen !lose& poli!e ensure power 1a&io "ears that &oes Station a!a&e of a,eH not i! 6orl& @ealth Ar,ani=ation has also reporte& that ot'e the 9ill eligion%. of 1i,hts of In the Igle%ia 1987 ni ConstitutionH C i%to ,%. Cou to wit: t professions or&er' Neither &o !an not in%ol%e she !lai the that sa to e &eli!ate re?uire her to e :o&ie& in the &ee& of sale :" the su:&i%ision Con,ress &oesliDe not !lassifi!ations aDe it an" less offensi%e :ase& on se0H :ase& upon to ra!eH 7#1 (1918))' !ounterpart in the + eri!an Constitution' @en!eH presu ptions !apa:le of re!on!iliation 5n this :efore law"erH !on%ertin, what woul& the "ou use &oL of 6h"L the lan& fro MMH !onstitute he is whi!h entitle& taDin, was to e0!ite&l" a of penalt"H propert" reportin, &epen&in, an& &oes the su!!esses not on his entitle a,eH the <'S' a!ti%ities to:a!!o shall !o :e !on&u!te& panies ha%e*shifte& effe!ti%el"' arDetin, CNeither shall the ri,ht to tra%el :e i paire& responsi:ilit" an& nee& not :e si ilarl" treate&' o) worD &e%eloper A++eal%&. without 526 the !o #CRA lot pensation ownersH 256& 27>& is as tanta t'e well ount as the to the Constitution' +:o%e allH the resolution aliena,eH orto national ori,inH are inherentl" suspe!tH in a!!or&an!e with Se!tion 3(2)H +rti!le 555 of the !aseL 5f soH how !an the" :e re!on!ile&L 5f notH 9E,en a %ide glance at #ection ? o) PD SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he parties a&%ersel" affe!te& a" also &isre,ar& a,ri!ultural to resi&ential' +!!or&in, to Pro%in!e of owner lower the :" re:els of one the propert" an& or two o%e &e,rees in%ol%e& ents than towar&s to!ourts !o that pensation' 8anila pres!ri:e& an& efforts to 3hir& 6orl& &ue to &win&lin, sales in e0!ept in the interest ofSin!e national se!urit"H pu:li! 3his in%oluntar" is in a!!or&an!e ser%itu&e' with the rulin, in -epart ha%e the ent #u+ annotation e"e Cou in the t titles' 'eld8 !onstitutes a !lear %iolation of the Non* an& ust therefore :e su:;e!te& to stri!t ;u&i!ial 1987 ConstitutionH the letter is ina& issi:le ina whi!h shoul& pre%ailL (2N) 5 will file petition for prohi:ition with pra"er for the No. re,ulation @6AB !ill as :ein, e,eal on t'at its it fa!e i% not %oi&' a"ong +s of Ca arines Sur %s' Court of +ppealsH 222 troops (+sso!iation :" law frien&l" for the of to !ri S the all e re:els' !o 7an&owners itte&' 3he reports 3he in the Constitution were PhilippinesH health*!ons!ious + eri!an arDet' safet"H ora pu:li! healthH as a" :e pro%i&e& :" /&u!ationH Culture an& Sports %s' San -ie,oH 5nherent power to 5ssue su!h or&ers as has are esta:lish ent Clause (art' 555H se!' 2) of the s!rutin"'C +!!or&in,l"H the Court in%ali&ate& e%i&en!e' 5f @en!eforthH "ou were e%er" the >u&,eH stu&ent how or,ani=ation woul& "ou inten&in, resol%e to preli inar" in;un!tion with the 1e,ional 3rial :een t'e hel&H g ound% Can" to s"ste /u%ti)y an of o prior de restraints of SC1+ 173H there is no ale pro%ision in 1987H the !orre!t 5n!' withhol&s %' Se!retar" an& the fa!tual' ,uarant" of +,rarian An A!to:er of ser%i!e :ail 1efor )H fro H 172 one after SC1+ who the is 3#3 law' -e!i&e the !ase' 180 ne!essar" SC1+ 233' for the a& inistration of >usti!eH Constitution' statute per ittin, a an to !lai his SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the hol& !aseL an" (2N) s" posiu H !on%o!ationH rall" or an" Court' 3he pri%ile,e a,ainst self in!ri ination is e0pression !o es to the !ourt :earin, a hea%" Co+ prehensi%e +,rarian 1efor 7aw whi!h nor P1989Q)' a!!use& o'i*iting al!" of ha& !apital returne& t'e * offense oadca%t an& the where $o%ern o) +etitione the ent e%i&en!e ha& :%her Court ofas +ppeals a" or&er her to trans!ri:e spouse aa &epen&ent to o:tain in!rease& ?uarter ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he !ase shoul& :e &is isse&' +n" person EF-a Cow:o" Prote"tion5 7e%"BsH a >eans S-b%idiary !o pan"H I+$ri%on+ent re!entl" asse :l" within s!hool propert" an& in%ol%in, at a%aila:le not onl" in ;u&i!ial pro!ee&in,s :ut also presu ption a,ainst its !onstitutional %ali&it"HC su:;e!ts the e0propriation a,ri!ultural lan&s :" full of tele,i%ion ,uilt !ontrol is stron,' of the + og situationH 3he a".9 o:%ious the National reason is that one steno,raphi! notes e%en ifof she is no lon,er 5n the allowan!eH re,ar&less of whether the wife is o:;e!tion of the law"er ust :e o%errule&' 5n 3he two presu ptions !an :e re!on!ile&' 3he un&er =o eo,e an or&er &;u&,eH t'e of * arrest oadca%t% is un&er do not restraint gi,e an& 619897 Freedo+ SECON! 5f 5a& were the o# ALTERNATI(E Re igion5 5Cthus woul& Non<E%tab &is iss i%'+ent the !ase' release& an a&%ertise ent featurin, o&el least 20 people ust fileH for the prior appro%al in inistrati%e in%esti,ations' 5n Pas!ual an& the ,o%ern ent !arries a hea%" :ur&en lo!al ,o%ern ent units to the !ontrol of the 3ele!o who fa!es uni!ations a pro:a:le Co &eath issionH senten!e without noti!e has aof ,o%ern ent ser%i!e' a!tuall" &epen&ent on hi HANS4ER: while &en"in, the sa+s e @u&son %s' Pal erH #)8 <'S' 217H it was hel& that presu ption of inno!en!e stan&s until the therefore he !an not !lai the ri,ht to tra%el' 5f he No' C 3he %' a-%e 9oar& i%e #: re to 619987 o%al a was of clea 8e&i!al senten!e& the and :ill:oar&s /0a + e%ent to inersH afor dange the 28 purpose of SC1+ 1 o) "ear a of 3## 1i!har& hel& inCMC Arti,as 9ur,os an& wearin, Co 7e%"Bs pan" 7i ;a!Dets ite& Partnership an& ;eans the -ean Stu&entsH an +ppli!ation settin, forth of showin, ;ustifi!ation for the ipenalt" position of su!h ain -epart ent of +,rarian 1efor an& to re?uire an& parti!ularl" hearin,H stron, :ut te erel" ptation on the to :asis flee' of 3his the reason report ri,ht to a ser%i!ewo an unless her hus:an& was the !onstitutional prohi:ition a,ainst ille,al !ontrar" is pro%e&' 5t a" :e o%er!o e :" a Liberty o# Abode5 Li+itation% 619987 No' :eautifi!ation is (19)9)H a& 10: 2 itte& it 1e!o,ni=in, onths was toper of hel& :ail prision anentl" that his the free&o the !orre!tional %alue &epri%e& re%o!ation e&u!ation of +8 an& o%e of of to a the pa" li!ense ent in a is %s' F/+35 9anD an& 3rust Co pan"' 9# SC1+ an& %u*%tanti,e hol&in, a pa!D e,il. of In 8arl:oro t'e ca%e !i,arettes' o) Igle%ia ni the ti eH pla!eH e0pe!te& si=e of the ,roupH an& the restraint'C (New OorD 3i es Co' %' <nite& StatesH appro%al fro the -epart ent +,rarian 1efor of &oes the not ilitar"H hol& !an!elle& where the fran!hise a!!use& of has station :een fa!t &epen&ent on her for o%er one half of his sear!hes an& sei=ures &oes not e0ten& to the !ontrar" presu ption foun&e& upon hu an No *713 >uan Casano%a !ontra!te& @ansenBs !onfine& aDin, the within Philippine the la:or !ountr"' arDet 3hereforeH attra!ti%e if to he fine ri,ht as aE555 of to P8H000'00H e&i!al use his pra!titioner propert" with su:si&iar" an& !an a :e ounts i526 an prison to its ,reater ent in )33 (1979)H the =onin, or&inan!e is a %ali& C i%to ,%. Cou t o) A++eal%& #CRA su:;e!t* atter an& purpose of the asse :l"' #03 <'S' (1971))' will ean that it is not the lo!al ,o%ern ent unit MM' esta:lishe& -is!uss without the le,alit" o:;e!tion of: to :e ae%en inor who support' (8ron+ierro / Ric-ardson( ,11 6.7. % ! !onfines of the prison' 5n Strou& %s' <nite& StatesH e0perien!e' 3he presu ption that 11 is the one &isease (lepros") with open lesions' + !ase forei,n taDin,' su:se?uentl" &epri%ation ofConse?uentl"H in%est sol%en!"' than ;u entH +fter ps the ere he :ailH ser%in, -epart forfeiture shoul& he his ent :e !annot prison of pai& of /&u!ationH propert"' ;ust &e ter an& Hlaw CMC 5n e0er!ise of poli!e power an& pre%ails o%er the 256& 2768 :ut the -epart ent of +,rarian 1efor who will :" law !annot :e senten!e& to &eath' (9ra%o %' 221 <'S' 12H the <nite& States Supre e Court hel& who stole the !attle of A. is lo,i!alH sin!e he was 9P io e%t aint on %+eec'& t'e 3he +sian 9roa&!astin, (+9N)H a re?uires that lepers :e isolate& upon petition of Culture passport an& whi!h Sports in offers will su:si&ies touse a!!re&ite& his es!ape asDe& !o so pensation' e aspe!ts the -ire!tor it (People is effe!t of si Prisons ilar %'NetworD Fa;ar&oH to fa!ilitate whether !ri including inal 10# Phil' pro!ee&in,s he !oul& ##3 !ontra!tual stipulation restri!tin, the of the lot &eter ine whether or not the e0propriation is for a 9or;aH $'1' No' 7*)2228H Fe:ruar" 18H 1982) that letters %oluntaril" written :" a prisoner an& (19!4)9 Accord Craig( /. Boren( ,#9 6.7. 19$ (19!%) foun& in possession of the stolen !attle' 11 !an (a) 3he a!tion taDen a,ainst the station on 3he eligiou% usual 7ea,ue presu %+eec'& of Nationalist ption cannot of %ali&it" Stu&ents *e /u%ti)ied that ?uestions inheres *y in pri%atel" owne& tele%ision stationH refuses to air the Cit" @ealth Affi!er' 3he wife of >uan alrea&" !olle,es fro an&H thereforeH the :e an& !ountr"; release&' uni%ersities the respon&ent he CMC is was in or&er in asDe& !an fa!t to not pro to lia:le pa" :e ote the to a&e fine :e to to resi&ential purposes' 11928Q)' pu:li! use' e0a ine& :" the war&en whi!h !ontaine& (pro%i&in, for sale of :eer to ales un&er 21 an& pro%e his inno!en!e :" presentin, e%i&en!e to (:) 3he !an!ellation of fran!hise of the +u,ust 28H 1987; le,islation the %ali&it" is of re%erse& the new re,ulation' in the !ase 1esol%e' of laws i Affi!er posin, a&%ertise ent in !o plian!e with the law' a) Casano%a wrote a )ea letter % *ut to the only Cit" *y @ealth t'e ?ualit" arreste& tertiar" an"ti e&u!ation' e' 5n&ee&H 3he the -/CS ri,ht ,rants to tra%el aitH of 'y+ot'etical testif" P2H000'00 as a witness an& he for sai& the he !o !oul& plainant' not affor& in!ri inator" state ents were a& issi:le to %'o!ing fe ales un&er 18); 1ee& %' 1ee&' #0# re:ut the presu ption' 3he :ur&en of e%i&en!e is in Po i"e Po1er5 &an on Toba""o A! 619987 E+inent station :) 3he ion posa:le !o+ain5 A!to:er penalt" )H 4rit 1987' o#a:ri&,es for Po%%e%%ion the !ri e 6199:7 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: prior restraint on free&o of e0pression' +ssu e that su!h refusal the to ha%e her o) a for %u*%tanti,e erl" philan&erin, and i""inent hus:an& :ein, su:si&" un&er an the to in&i,ent' a Constitution Catholi! 3he s!hool -ire!tor presupposes whi!h infor re?uires e& that hi its he the e%i&en!e' 3heir inspe!tion :" the prison authorities <'S' 71 (1971) (preferen!e ,i%en to en o%er shifte& to 11H :e!ause how he !a e into No' 1: Con,ress passes a law prohi:itin, !har,e& is life ino prison ent an& the NoH SU22ESTE! 2: 5n e0propriation ANS4ER: pro!ee&in,s: Can the Pri*a"y 3he free&o re,ulation o# Co++-ni"ation of spee!h' is %ali&' -oes +s hel& 689917 the 5n !onstitutional 1arnento us'of !onfine& in so isolate& leprosariu ' whi!h >uan stu&ents in&i%i&ual to is taDe un&er ate least restraint 3 hours su!h a weeD as that of has e,il to ser%e !'ic' an 'a% a&&itional ta(en t'e prison eality ter at al the eady rate &i& not the !onstitutional prohi:ition a,ainst woon en for appoint ent as a& inistrators of possession of the !attle is pe!uliarl" within his tele%ision stations fro airin, an" !o er!ial a!!use& is a inor; (a) Rig't% 3he !losin, o# t'e &own A""-%ed5 of 1a&io Se Station #<In"ri+ination MM &urin, ;u&,e No M55 prohi:ition %ali&l" *%iolate C+C has withhol& a,ainst a pesos telephone issuan!e the a:ri&,e line of with the ent writ an of e0tension' of the 8al*a:ananH 129 SC1+ 329H if an asse :l" will Casano%a !hallen,e& the !onstitutionalit" of the one reli,ious woul& &a" follow per instru!tion' ei,ht fro the a) fa!t 5s in the that a!!or&an!e su:si&" one has per a with pen&in, issi:leL +rti!le t'e g ound.9 ille,al sear!hes an& sei=ures' 3his is estates in%ali&)' Dnowle&,e' (-i=on*Pa intuan %' PeopleH 23# a&%ertise ent whi!h pro otes to:a!!o or in an" Freedo+ the fi,htin, free&o o# o# is of Re per Re spee!h igion5 igion5 issi:le' appl" FCo&eH ag Con*i"ted 6ith Sa to a!ts respe!t -te 619977 &one Pri%oner% news :" possession Ane 619997 &a"H C+C until was full talDin, pa" ent to C9C of the o%er final the %alue telephone' of :e hel& :" stu&ents in s!hool preun&er isesH per itan law as %iolatin, his li:ert" of a:o&e' 6ill the suit /0plainH !ri inal !ase :) Presu an& has in, :een that "ou pla!e& answer in the arrest' 39 of the 1e%ise& Penal 3he law"er of CMC esta:lishe& pra!ti!e reasona:l" &esi,ne& to SC1+ )3 (199#))' wa" ,la ori=es the !onsu ption of to:a!!o ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: +9NH No' e&iaH 12: #: a 3he warti pri%ate Se!tion pri%ile,e e !orporationL !ensorship 28' 3itle of self*in!ri E5H has Chapter /0plain' :een ination 9H :) uphel& of 8a" the ust on 619897 the C+C e0propriate& !onspire& with propert"L his frien& CCCH who was at:e the ust sou,ht fro the s!hool authoritiesH who prosperL P2NQ file& ne,ati%eH a:e petition for ha:eas !orpus !onten&in, that pro ote &is!ipline within the penitentiar"' (:) 5n a&&ition to the /?ual Prote!tion ClauseH the pro&u!ts' 5f the a!!use& a inor an& the i re?uest posa:le No' +& the SU22ESTE! ti el" ,roun& woul& inistrati%e 2: in%oDe&H CMC it that isaDe ANS4ER: Co&e otherwise Cwhen ser%in, a of &ifferen!e a 1987 nation his itto isre?uires prison &ee is if listenin, the ate& war su:si&" senten!e all wai%e&' an" in Cow:o" 7e%"BsH ais pri%ate !orporationH en& of the e0tension line to C+BsC are &e%oi& of the power &en" su!h further in!ar!eration of his !lient for unpai& Rig't% o# t'e A""-%ed5 Rig't to &ai 6199:7 1987 Constitution now re?uires the State to t'e A""-%ed5 Co-n%e o# 'i% C'oi"e penalt" ;u&,e for the !annot !ri e %ali&l" !har,e& is life i)H the prison issuan!e entH e&u!ational thin,s NoH in%oDe the were that suit ,i%en the will institutions i,ht free not solel" :e spee!h prosper' sai& in to the in o:ser%e ,uarantee tiwithhol& Se!tion for of of a pea!e la:orator" si in +rti!le ple its are an& 555 8untinlupa' @e :elon,s to ae reli,ious se!t that telephone !on%ersation with C9C in or&er to ar:itraril" or unreasona:l"' 5n ,rantin, su!h fines %iolates the e?ual prote!tion !lause of the No' 9: >ohann learne& that the poli!e were Censure the fun&a ental e?ualit" :efore the law of 3his le,islation was passe& in response to 6>8<899A7 :ail 1 woul& 5n a not C5E57 :e C+S/H a the of plaintiff ri,ht' 5n !alle& the the instant &i,nifie& e?uip fa%orL su!h of the aConstitution writ /0plain' hin&ran!e ent fla, of in possession !ere !he !) to 1e,ar&less pro%i&es: istr" on"H its atter efforts an& in!lu&in, until ph"si!sL full of that "our pa" the their answers !) pla"in, ent utteran!e of the or prohi:its the eatin, of eat' @e asDe& the o%erhear an& tape*re!or& the !on%ersation wherein per itH there a" :e !on&itions as to the ti e Constitution' -e!i&e' Rig't to A%%e+b y5 Per+it A$$ looDin, for hi in !onne!tion with the rape of an wo 8ariano en an& enC (+rt 55H Se!' 1#) an& to pro%i&e fin&in,s :" the -epart ent of @ealth a:out the (1) was arreste& :" the N95 as a &efen&ant C3he a hostile li:ert" witness of a:o&e an& an& announ!e& of !han,in, that final sin,in, Presu a:o%eH will !aseH not %alue assu &e!i&e :e eH of the on en&ure& of in, the Philippine that e0propriate& other so e%i&en!e lon, han&H National as that propert"' of en +nthe the ,uilt fi,ht stron,H +s an& H i"ation5 hel& that :ail in -ire!tor of Prisons that he :e ser%e& with C9C !onfi&entiall" a& itte& that with e%i&ent an& pla!e the asse :l" to a%oi& &isruption of Freedo+ ParI% 6>8<899?7 18*"ear ol& ,irlH a nei,h:or' @e went to the poli!e the with Csu!h fa!ilities an& opportunities that will alar in, rise in lun, &iseases in the !ountr"' 3he SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: suspe!t in the shoppin, all :o :in,s' +&%ise& of !onstitutionalit" &efen&ant su:si&" the sa is woul& ,i%en e within of :e in the the the asDe& law for li in its in!ri of ?uestion' pres!ri:e& s!holarship inatin, :" pursuant no shall Court :e !oul& to &enie& rules re,ar& to as :e pro as ul,ate& pri%ile,e& prote!te& :" the :" iti,atin, an" National Power Corporation %s' >o!sonH 20) eatless &iet' 3he -ire!tor refuse& an& CMC sue& pre e&itationH he (9) Dille& C-C for ha%in, !heate& !lasses or stoppa,e of worD of the nona!a&e i! 3he Sa ahan n, ,a 8ahihirap (S8) file& with station a weeD later an& presente& hi self to the enhan!e their welfare an& ena:le the to reali=e 6orl& @ealth Ar,ani=ation has also reporte& that (1) 3he petition shoul& :e ,rante&H :e!ause his ri,htsH 8ariano asDe& for the assistan!e of his SU22ESTE! ?uestions %ou!hers law in shall ,i%en ANS4ER: &ire!t not &ire!tl" :e e0a i a) paire& ination' to 3he the e0!ept !onstitutional stu&ent 6hen upon an& shoul& Se!retar" !onstitutional of /&u!ation' ri,ht'C 3he Culture se!urit" an& of !o SportsH unit" 3he SC1+ !ir!u stan!e 220' itthe is of the rninisterial inorit" is &ut" not of a%aila:le the >u&,e for the -ire!tor for &a a,es for %iolatin, hi in their :usiness partnership' C9C was not personnel' the Affi!e of the Cit" 8a"or of&eposit 8anila an &esD ser,eant' Coin!i&entall"' the rape %i!ti their full potential in the ser%i!e of spee!h the nation'C (+rt' <'S' to:a!!o !o ha%e*shifte& arDetin, +rti!le 39 of the 1e%ise& Penal Co&e is relati%eH +tt"' Santos' 3he N95 noti!e& that +tt"' lawful or&er of the !ourt'C prohi:ition the &efen&ant whi!h the a,ainst in%oDe stu&ent the the free&o !an pri%ile,e use for of a,ainst pa"in, tuition &oes self* not refusal life a" of :e a prote!te& tea!herH stu&ent a,ainst or in!ite pupil ents to atten& to a!ts %iolation of spe!ial laws penali=e& :" life to issue the writ of possession upon ofor the reli,ious free&o 'panies -e!i&e' aware that the telephone !on%ersation was :ein, appli!ation for per it to hol& a rall" on 8en&iola was in the pre ises e0e!utin, an e0tra;u&i!ial M555H Se!' 1#)' 3hese pro%isions put in serious efforts to the 3hir& 6orl& &ue to &win&lin, sales un!onstitutional' 5n 3ate %s' ShortH #01 <'S' 392H Santos was ine0perien!e&H petent an& SU22ESTE! Rig't to an" A%%e+b a!!re&ite& ANS4ER: y5 P-b s!hool i"in!o Tea"'er% of his !hoi!eH 689997 appl" in!ri inationL to +9NH a pri%ate !orporation' +s state& in in parti!ipate of %iolen!e in an& the the fla, o%erthrow !ere on" :" is for!e a ,roun& of or&erl" for pro%isional i prison ent' %alue of the e0propriate& propert" with tape*re!or&e&' Street on Septe :er 2H 200) fro 10:00 a' ' #2# to of state ent' >ohannH alon, with si0 &ou:t the %ali&it" of P97 li itin, the pra!ti!e of the health*!ons!ious + eri!an arDetH <nite& States Supre e Court hel& that inattenti%e' -ee in, hi unsuite& to prote!t the OesH 3he No M55 li:ert" the * 5n Pu:li! -ire!tor of a:o&e s!hool of Prison is tea!hers su:;e!t is lia:le to sta,e& the un&er poli!e for +rti!le &a"s @u&,ens 2 whether %s' a C1585N+7 National reli,ious 7a:or or C+S/H non*se!tarian' 1elations the prose!ution 9oar&H 6ill &is ,o%ern issal ent' after (Near &ue %' in%esti,ation' 8innesotaH 3he 283 Se!retar" <'S' )97 National or Pro%in!ial 3reasurer' 3:00 p' ' to protest the politi!al Dillin,s of ()) other suspe!tsH were pla!e& in a poli!e lineup arine profession to ales' i ass ALTERNATI(E position of :e su:si&iar" ANS4ER: i witness prison ent a of ri,hts of 8arianoH the N95 &is isse& +tt"' Santos' 32 "our power of207H answer the a!tions of the Ci%il State' at Co&e &ifferentL the 1e?uirin, -epart for %iolatin, ent the the of se,re,ation /&u!ationH reli,ious <'S' !alle& the the a!!use& !onstitutional to the ,uarantee stan& ofas free&o the first /&u!ation (1931)H ?uotin, Culture >usti!e an& Sports @ol eBs issue& opinion aupon in ;ournalists' @owe%erH Cit" 8a"or &enie& their an& the ,irl pointe& tothe hi as the rapist' >ohann +lthou,h the Constitution entions re!lusion !on%i!t who is poor toof pa" a fine %iolates ALTERNATI(E +ppointe& in his ANS4ER: pla!e was +tt"' 9arrosoH a free&o SU22ESTE! lepers Culture is an& of a %ali& CMC' Sports ANS4ER: +!!or&in, e0er!ise to press to poli!e for the the &e!ision power' ionl" e&iate of 5n the of witness spee!h in is %iew a ,uarantee of !ertain onl" fa!ts a,ainst S!hen!D e oran&u %' <nite& itoo ple StatesH entin, 2#9 sai& <'S' pro%ision #7 (1919); of law' appli!ation on the ,roun& that a rall" at the was arreste& an& lo!De& up in in a !ell' perpetuaH 1ule 11# of the 1ules of i! e?ual prote!tionH :e!ause e!ono status <nite& ,rant of States their &e Supre an& e for Court a&&itional the pa"' !ase 3he of +s New or&ere&H OorD the fla, !ere on"

pe!uliar hei,ht ille,al sear!hin, sear!hes an& s for wei,htH ellfirear an& an& upon his sei=ures s photo,raphsH in s?uee=in, the @ouse an& a,ainst felt of fin,erprints M liDe lo!ate& ille,al &rie& at to ALTERNATI(E sa%e proof' the Ane propose& &a"H ANS4ER: / law ilio fro :roDe un!onstitutionall" open the &esDto of on Cite two P2Q possi:le !onstitutional o:;e!tions !o 10 arrests' No' lea%es' parison Shaw @is (2N) !uriosit" an& 9oule%ar&H the results arouse&H Pasi,H of the the 8etro paraffin ana,er 8anilaH testH a&e the 5n a!!or&an!e ,roun& +l%in of &is!o%ere& &enial with the of &ue rulin,s a letter pro!essH in wherein <" Ge"tin it shoul& 1an&" %H this law' an& 1esol%e the o:;e!tions an& e0plain SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: assertin, foun&H an openin, instea& that onthese of one firear of were the sH pa!Da,es taDen ten Dilo,ra in %iolation an& s tooD of of his pro%i&e thanDe& for an +l%in i 88) for e&iate ha%in, hearin, passe& upon on suspension to hi )# EillarealH #2 Phil' an& People %' !ure&' S" >u!oH whether an" su!h infir ities !an :e ri,ht a,ainst +liens !o!aine' se%eral are ,ra entitle& self*in!ri s of the to the !ontents ination' ri,ht a,ainst thereof' 1ule on ille,al @e the tooD the SU22ESTE! of the %ital &ri%erBs tra&e li!ense' se!rets ANS4ER: of 3he / propose& ilio' /n!lose& lawin %iolates in the Phil' ))7H the unli!ense& firear s foun& the (1) 8a" the sai& operati%es lawfull" o:;e!tion' sear!hes pa!Da,es an& to (2N) sei=ures N95H poli!e an& an& inille,al the presen!e arrests' of +s Possi:le the ri,ht letter o:;e!tions was a !he!D unreasona:le to for theP20H000'00 law sear!hes arenot that &rawn re?uirin, an& house at a,ainst 12 Shaw 9oule%ar& a" :e lawfull" a SU22ESTE! sei=e the !o!aineL ANS4ER: "our answer' a,entsH opene& the applie& in People %'/0plain Chua @o SanH 307 SC1+ &ri%er sei=ures' a,ainst to taDe 5t will the the authori=e a!!ount :reathal"=er of poli!e 1an&" authorities test an& will pa"a:le %iolate to stop to his sei=e&H sin!e the" were not in!lu&e& in the (2) 8a" these M su!!essfull" the le,alit" :) 3he o:;e!tion of 9or;a is!hallen,e not tena:le' +s hel& #32 (1999)H ri,hts are a%aila:le to all an" +l%in' &ri%er / an& asD then hi &is to taDe isse& +l%in :reathal"=er fro his test ri,ht a,ainst self*in!ri inationH that pro%i&in, for &es!ription ofilio the arti!les to :e the sei=e& :" %irtue of of sear!h on the ,roun& that the pea!e in the People %'pa!Da,esH Pa"norH 2)1 )12 (199))H the la:orator" e%en e inplo" the warrant' a:sen!e ent'of / his ilioBs of &ri%erBs asear!h pro:a:le proof li!ense of +l%inBs !ause' perfi&" personsH in!lu&in, aliens' suspension without an" the sear!h 3he warrant &es!ri:e& the SC1+ !ontents of whi!h upon offi!ers &i&inationH not infor hi out a:out his ri,ht to of flowerin, ri,htse0a ,uarantee& :" Se!tion 12H +rti!le in the are the sai& an& !he!D are hearin, %iolates &ue pro!essH that the the arti!les to :eletter sei=e& as firear whi!h s an& in the house turne& to :e ari;uana topsH Sear"'e% re ain silent and an& Sei)-re%5 his ri,ht &reat'a to !ounselL y)er /0plain Te%t Constitution applies onl" a,ainst testi onial 7arr" to 10 as ina&%iolate issi:le the for ha%in, propose& will ri,ht :een a,ainst of Mo:;e!te& lo!ate&law at Shaw 9oule%ar&' was 619987 "our answer' Sear"'e% and Sei)-re%5 Contro e%i&en!e' +n a!!use& a" :e !o pelle& to :e o:taine& throu,h an ille,al sear!h' +l%in file& it unreasona:le sear!hes an&I++ediate sei=uresH :e!ause (3) Suppose the pea!e offi!ers were a:le to NoH 3; Con,ress !onsi&erin, a law a,ainst 619877 photo,raphe& oris easure&H his ,ar ents a" a suit assailin, his &isto issal' 1ule on the allows poli!e authorities re?uire a &ri%e to taDe fin& unli!ense& firear sthe in the in an &runDen &ri%in,' <n&er le,islationH poli!e No' Sear"'e% 555: CMC and a Consta:ular" Sei)-re%5 P if Affi!erH a"e o# Sear"' was arreste& issi:ilit" of thee%en letter an& !he!D' (2N) :e re o%e&H an& his :o&" a"house :e e0a ine&' the a& :reathal"=er test there is no pro:a:le a&;a!ent lotH that is' NoH Shaw 9oule%ar&H authorities a" asD an" 12 &ri%er to taDe a 689917 pursuant !ause' to a lawful !ourt or&er in 9a,uio Cit" for Rig't% t'eowne& A""-%ed5 Se #<In"ri+ination 6>7< whi!h iso# also :" M' 8a" the" lawfull" sei=e No M5 * +r e&was with :rou,ht a sear!h to an&8anila sei=urewhere warrantH C:reathal"=er testCH wherein the &ri%er e0hales ur&er' @e a 899?7 the sai&ti unli!ense& /0plain "our ine 1e?uirin, a sear!h &ri%er to a 91/+3@+7O./1 a tea of poli!e enwas le& taDe :" 5nspe!tor 3rias se%eral es into a firear &e%i!e sL whi!h !an &eter warrantless !on&u!te& in his offi!ial Sele!t the answer' :est an& e0plain' 3/S3 &oes ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: %iolate his sear!h ri,htthe a,ainst self* entere& a !o poun& an& house whether he has answer :een &ri%in, un&er the influen!e ?uarters at Canot p Cra eH sear!he& 3he tea foun& 1' al!ohol' +n a!!use&Bs ri,ht a,ainst self*in!ri is +s hel& in therein People %' 8arti ($'1' No' in!ri inationH :e!ause he is not :ein, !o St'H pelle& &es!ri:e& as No' 17 SpeaDer Pere= of 3he results of the test !an :eination use&H in an& sei=e& the ur&er weapon in 812)1H a &rawer of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: %iolate& in the followin, !ases: >anuar" 18H 1991)H !onstitutionH la"in, &own to ,i%e testi onial e%i&en!e' @eowne& isinan& erel" :ein, Sta' 8esa @ei,htsH (ue=on :" 8r' an" le,al pro!ee&in, a,ainst hi(2N) ' Further oreH CMC' Can CMC !lai the that theCit"H sear!h sei=ure 1 OesH6hen (1) the poli!e he is operati%es or&ere&of :" a" lawfull" trial !ourt sei=e to the prin!iples the ,o%ern ent an& ental asDe& to su:of it toreporte& ao%e ph"si!al test' 3his is /rnani PeletsH for a !a!he offun&a firear s not &e!larin, that the issuan!e athe &ri%erBs li!ense were ille,al an& for e0!lusion fro un&er,o the !o!aineH aonl" paraffin :e!ause it to is pro%e anto ite he whose is ,uilt" li:erties the peopleH &oes not ,uarantee ,o%ern !o%ere& :" the !onstitutional a,ainst a of unition' @owe%erH upon thorou,h sear!h ,i%es rise to a test pri%ile,e &ri%e otor of ur&er; an& e%i&en!e of the weapon sei=e&L /0plain' 2 possession 6hen prohi:ite& he is !o pelle& :" lawH toitpro&u!e was in plain his SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: relationships :etween in&i%i&uals' 3husH if the %s' self*in!ri ination' 3husH in nothin,' South -aDota of the houseH the poli!e foun& %ehi!les on is pu:li! roa&sH the law pro%i&es that a :anD:ooDs %iew an& it refuses was to :e onl" use& as e%i&en!e a,ainst in father OesH CMC !an &o at so' 3he sear!h !annot sear!h is a&e the :ehest initiati%e of the Ne%illeH #29 <'S' 223H itwarrantless wasor hel& for this reason &ri%er who toina&%ertentl" taDe the test &is!o%ere& shall :e his !har,e& the !ourse with of plun&er; a lawful to sear!h' 3hesuspension possessionof of :e an in!i&ent a for %ali& arrestH proprietor of aas pri%ate esta:lish ent its own that ;ustifie& re?uirin, a &ri%er to taDe aof :loo&*al!ohol test auto ati!all" su:;e!t a 90*&a" 3 !o!aine 6hen is prohi:ite& he is or&ere& :" Se!tion to pro&u!e 8 of the a sa ple of his 3henH a!tin, on a hun!hH the poli!e en :e!ause !onsi&era:le ti e ha& elapse& after his an& pri%ate purposes an& without the inter%ention is %ali&' his &ri%erBs li!enseH Cite two P2Q possi:le han&writin, -an,erous -ru,s to :e use& +!t' +s as hel& e%i&en!e in 8a,on!ia that he is %' the pro!ee&e& to a s aller house insi&e the sa e arrest in 9a,uio :efore the sear!h of his ?uarters of poli!e authoritiesH the ri,ht a,ainst !onstitutional o:;e!tions to this law' 1esol%e the author Pala!ioH of80 aan& letter Phil' 770H wherein an arti!le he a,ree& whose to possession Dill the %i!ti ; !o +s hel& in 8a!De" +fontr"a ##3 <'S' 1H poun& with a&&ress atsei=ure No' 17*+ SpeaDer in Ca p Cra eH %s' (ue=on Cit" was a&eH an& unreasona:le sear!h an& !annot :e:e!ause o:;e!tions e0plain whether an" su!h # is prohi:ite& 6hen :" the law presi&ent a" :e sei=e& of a !orporation without the is su:* of !o pellin, ,o%ern ent interest in safet" alon, Pere= St'H entere& itH an& !on&u!te& a sear!h :e!ause the &istan!e :etween the pla!e of arrest in%oDe& for onl" the a!t of pri%ate in&i%i&ualsH not infir ities !an :e !ure&' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: poenae& nee& of an" to pro&u!e sear!h warrant !ertain if &o!u it was ents &is!o%ere& as proofs he istherein the streetsH li!ense of &ri%er refuses to the ofa8r' who an&law theo%er pla!e of o:;e!tion sear!h ne,ates an"who that the enfor!ersH is in%ol%e&' 5n Pelets su H!lai +-e Possi:le o:;e!tions to the law are that re?uire re?uirin,ent a ,uilt" of &urin, a ille,al lawful re!ruit sear!h' ent' 3he a&&itional taDe the :reathal"=er test a" :e suspen&e& happene& to :e is the sa e owner of the first pla!e sear!he& within his Ci searc-es e&iate !ontrolC pro+ec+ion agains+ *nreasonab'e and so &ri%er to taDe the :reathal"=er test will %iolate his lai& &own in 1oan %' $on=alesH 1#2 SC1+ )87 i e&iatel" pen&in, a foun& post*suspension house' 3hereH the poli!e unli!ense& as to ;ustif" the apprehension that he hearin,H i,ht sei=*res canno+ be e>+ended +othe ac+s co00i++ed ri,htthe that a,ainst &is!o%er" self*in!ri of the inationH arti!le that ust pro%i&in, ha%e :een for :utPRI?AT: there ust :e unition a pro%ision post*suspension firear s or an& a the" were looDin, &estro" !on!eal e%i&en!e of a !ri e :efore by I<;I?I;6AL7 sofor as +o bring i+ for' &i+-ina the a&e suspension ina&%ertentl" of his was &ri%erBs also satisfie& li!ense without in this !ase' an" hearin,' 3husH to *n'a&)*' sa%e the propose& law 392 fro +s a result' /rnani Pelets was !ri inall" warrant !an :e o:taine&' (Chi el %' CaliforniaH +-e a0bi+ o) 8r' a''eged in+r*sion by +-e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: hearin, %iolates &ue pro!essH an& that the un!onstitutionall" the ,roun& of &enial of &ue !har,e& !ourt with possession of <'S' 722in(19)9) )on in 5lle,al Nolas!o %' Cru= PanoH 1#7 go/ern0en+. +!!or&in,l"H the letter an& !he!D are 3he :est law answer is !) the when he is or&ere& to propose& will %iolate ri,ht a,ainst pro!essH it shoul& pro%i&e for an Supre i -ru, e&iate firear s an& unition as penali=e& un&er SC1+ 209 (1987)H the e hearin, Court a& issi:le in a e%i&en!e' (6aterous Corp' %' (2) NoH Ma !annot su!!essfull" !hallen,e pro&u!e sa sear!hes ple of his han&writin, tothe :e use& P'-' as a 113271H en&e& :" 1+' 829#' +t the trialH unreasona:le an& sei=uresH :e!ause it upon18))H suspension of the &ri%erBs li!ense' re!onsi&ere& its pre%ious &e!ision hol&in, that3he a N71CH $'1' No' A!to:er 1)H 1997) le,alit" of the authorities sear!h si isto pl" :e!ause the as e%i&en!e that he the author of pea!e a he %ehe entl" o:;e!te& to the presentation of the allows poli!e re?uire a &ri%e to letter taDe propose& law %iolates the a,ainst warrantless sear!hH a&e after 30 ri,ht inutes fro offi!ers &i& infor hi the a:out ri,ht to+rti!le wherein he not a,ree& toe%en Dill %i!tihis ' <n&er e%i&en!e a,ainst hi an&H for in :ein, ina& issi:le' :lo!Ds 5s the :reathal"=er test if there is no pro:a:le unreasona:le sear!hes an& sei=ures' 5t 8r' will the ti e of arrestH a pla!e se%eral re silent 17 an& of his the ri,ht1987 to !ounsel' Se!tion Cno ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: @5H ain Se!tion ConstitutionH / anifro PeletBs !ontention notL 6h"L (2N) !ause authori=e poli!e authorities toor stop an" &ri%er an& awa" the pla!e of %ali& arrestH was %ali&' 5t hel& 12(1)H of the Constitution 3he letter is taDe ina& the issi:le in 3he person+rti!le shall 555:e !o 1987 pelle& to :e a pro%i&es: witness asD a hiwarrantless to :reathal"=er test e%en in of the that sear!h is e%i&en!e' li ite& to the sear!h Rig't% o# t'e A""-%ed5 Se #<In"ri+ination 1e?uirin, a &ri%er to taDe the a :reathal"=er &oes C+n" person un&er in%esti,ation for the test SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !onstitutional in;un!tion &e!larin, theepri%a!" of a,ainst hi self'C Sin!e pro%ision prohi:its a:sen!e of of a pro:a:le !ause' the person the arrestee at the ti an& in!i&ent 619987 not %iolate his a,ainst self*in!ri inationH !o ission ofri,ht an offense shall ha%e the ri,ht to 3he !ontention /rnani is %ali&' +s !o his uni!ation !orrespon&en!e to :e hel& inor pulsor" testi onial in!ri inationH it &oes not to arrest of an& for Pelet &an,erous weapons NoH 3; whether Con,ress is !onsi&erin, a law a,ainst :e!ause :e infor he e& is of not his :ein, ri,ht to !o re pelle& ain silent to ,i%e an& to or People %s' Court ofa" +ppealsH 291SC1+ #00 of it in%iola:le is no less appli!a:le si as pl" proof :e!ause atter the testi on" is taDen :" oral an"thin, whi!h :e use& the &runDen &ri%in,' <n&er le,islationH poli!e Rig't% o# t'e A""-%ed5 #<In"ri+ination testi ha%e !o onial petent e%i&en!e' an& in&epen&ent @e wa" isthe erel" !ounsel :ein, the asDe& to (1993)H the pla!e sear!he& isSe &ifferent fro is the e if+ plo"er who is the part" a,ainst who written eans as either it in%ol%es <S/ offense' !ontrar" rule woul& ;ustif" the poli!e in authorities prefera:l" his a"own asD !hoi!e'C an" &ri%er to purpose taDe 689997 su: it to aof ph"si!al test' 3his is not 3he !o%ere& :" a that state& the sear!h warrantH the e%i&en!e the !onstitutional pro%ision is an&H to :e enfor!e&' 3he AF 5N3/77/C3<+7 F+C<735/S' pro!urin, ain warrant of arrest :" %irtue thereofH +s hel& in People %' -"H 128 SC1+ 111' for No M5' :) + an was shot Dille& an& his Diller C:reathal"=er testCH the &ri%er e0hales the !onstitutional ,uarantee a,ainst self* sei=e& is ina& issi:le' 3hean& poli!e an !annot onl" e0!eption to the prohi:ition in also the of the pri%ile,e is to wherein a%oi& an& prohi:it there:" not onl" arrest the person :ut sear!h his this pro%ision toaappl"H a suspe!t ust :e ine fle&' 8o ents after the shootin,H an e"ewitness se%eral ti es 3husH into &e%i!e whi!h &eter in!ri ination' in South -aDota %s' Ne%illeH o&if" the pla!e to :e sear!he& set outas in the Constitution is if there is a lawful or&er fro the the repetition an& re!urren!e of !an !o pellin, a &wellin,' + warrant re?uires thatas all fa!ts to the un&er in%esti,ation' 3here was no in%esti,ation &es!ri:e& to the the poli!e that the wore white whether he :een un&er the influen!e #29 <'S' 223H it was hel& forother this reason that sear!h !ourt orwarrant' when pu:li! safet" or or&er re?uires personH in a has !ri inal or&ri%in, an" !aseH to furnish !on&ition of propert" an& itssla"er surroun&in,s an& in%ol%e& in this pantsH a shirt with floral &esi,nH ha& :oots of al!ohol' results ofathe test !an :etest use&H in re?uirin, a 3he &ri%er to!ase' taDe :loo&*al!ohol ishis otherwiseH as pres!ri:e& law' +n" %iolation of :e the issin, e%i&en!e ne!essar" for its i pro%e ents an& :" !apa:ilities ustan& Sear"'e% Sei)-re%5 %ear"' +ade by was pro%ision a:out and 70 Dilos an& an" le,al pro!ee&in, hi ' Further oreH %ali&' this ren&ers the onl" e%i&en!e o:taine& !on%i!tion (9er u&e= a,ainst %' CastilloH Per 1e!' No' !onsi&ere&H an& this !an :e &one in aa ;u&i!ial (3) 3he >ul" unli!ense& firear s store& at 12 Shaw 1')2 issi:le $ri*ate eters' "iti)en 9or;aH 6199:7 fit the &es!ription ,i%enH &e!larin, that the issuan!e of %' a Sa &ri%erBs li!ense ina& for an"who purpose in an" pro!ee&in,' 71#*+H 2)H 1937; 9eltran sonH $'1' pro!ee&in,' +s 9oule%ar& hel& in 8a!De" a" lawfull" %s' :e sei=e& ##3 sin!e their 1H was #: No' seen 7arr" near:"' was an @e o%erni,ht was taDen ,uest into in !usto&" a otel' an& ,i%es rise onl" to a+fontr"a pri%ile,e to<'S' &ri%e otor (.ulueta %' Court of +ppealsH $'1' No' 107383H No' 32022H Septe :er 23H1929)' :e!ause possession of !o is ille,al' pellin, +s ,o%ern hel& 8a,on!ia entpro%i&es interest a in :rou,ht +fter he to !he!De& the poli!e out pre!in!t the followin, where &a"H his the pantsH %ehi!les on pu:li! roa&sH thein law that a Fe:ruar" 20H 199)) Sear"'e% and Sei)-re5 Pri*ate Indi*id-a % safet" Pala!ioH 80 Phil' the streetsH 770H when an li!ense in&i%i&ual a &ri%er shirt an& !ha :er :oots ai& foun& were an for!i:l" atta!he taDen !ase an& whi!h he was she &ri%er alon, who refuses to the taDe the of test shall :e Sear"'e% and Sei)-re%5 In"identa to (a it id 6>8<899A7 who possesses !ontra:an& tosu:;e!t taDe the (unli!ense& :reathal"=er test sa" :eof and Sei)-re%5 A ien% 689917 wei,he&H sur ise& was easure&H left :ehin& photo,raphe&H :" 7arr"' She fin,erprinte& turne& auto refuses ati!all" to a 90*&a" firear suspension (2) ilio ha& lon, suspe!te& that Sear"' 619997 suspen&e& :elon, to this i !ate,or")H e&iatel" pen&in, he is !o a +l%inH post* ittin,his a !ri e No * the + is an alien' State whetherH in the an&5E o%er su:;e!te& to ana,er to paraffin whoH testin,' to &eter +t ine his the trialH na 9or;a e his / &ri%erBs li!enseH No' 9; Soto e poli!e operati%esH a!tin, un&er e plo"eeH :een :ut passin, se!rets to his suspension an& he !anha& :e hearin,H arreste& without theretra&e a ust warrant :e a an& the PhilippinesH he: 5s entitle& the ri,ht a,ainst o:;e!te& an& a&&ress the of a& the ownerH ission to in opene& e%i&en!e the of atta!he the a lawfull" issue& warrant for the purpose !o petitorH 1an&"H :ut he ha& no pro%ision !ontra:an& for !an a post*suspension :e sei=e&' hearin,' 3husH apparelH !ase an& his saw pa!Da,es whi!h ha& a of

shown :) Sear"'e% ,o%ern + warrantless inent so and ofein!o Sei)-re%5 !ases sear!h e :" ta0es their a" 4arrant for :e the effe!te& e "ears e%% :ership Arre%t% in 192) the in the to possession were e?uip (2) of the 6hether foun& Philippines ent' 3he after of prohi:ite& or warrant a(+rt' not ore Fer&ieBs 5EH parti!ularl" e0tensi%e &ru,s se!' 1(3))' a!t an&of sear!h was &es!ri:es <n&er filin, of his +rt' the the 6199:7 1929' Sai& &e!ision of thetheir 3a0 Court was e& followin, le,islati%e !ases: Ouan a) Sear!hes after in!i&ental naturali=ation to affir a as !on%i!te&' %arious ele!troni! !ertifi!ate 5EH se!H !o 2 he of e?uip An part !an&i&a!" isappeal also ent ents &ee an& he of !onstitutes !onten&s the e& spe!ifies a !ar' natural*:orn +s that wai%er thehel& pro%isions * of inhis No' :" the 9: Supre >ohann e Philippines' Court learne& in 19)9' that 9etween the poli!e 19)0 were lawful !iti=ens arrest: of the :) Sear!hes of 3he o%in, prohi:ition %ehi!les; &oes !) Eal of status !iti=en' the onte 3ariff as a %s' per an& -eCusto anent EillaH 182 resi&ent s Co&e SC1+ of whi!h ))2H the <nite& were for su!h a looDin, an& 1970H for /n=o hi in ha& !onne!tion a!?uire& su:stantial with the %iew: rape real an sear!h to %iolate& States' :" :e the %ali&H i portation' there ust :e a pro:a:le Sear!hes not appl" of in prohi:ite& situations arti!les :rou,ht in plain a:out :"of &) &ual propert" 5n the 2' 3he re?uiresH a no on, other thin,sH 18*"ear ,irlH a nei,h:or' @e to the in poli!e (1) !ause' SU22ESTE! 3heConstitution 5n this !aseH ANS4ER: plasti! there :a, was an& its pro:a:le !ontents !auseH are /nfor!e ol& !iti=enshipH ent su!h ofPhilippinesH !usto as s the law; one e) went Consente& in%ol%e& the (1) @asa the for !an!ellation of /n=oBs that a !an&i&ate for e in&i!ate :er ofi the @ouse of station later an& presente& hi self to &ual the ina& as 3he 1) +!!or&in, there warrant issi:le was in was to nothin, e%i&en!e the ser%e& rulin, to :ein, an& in Coast that ple %s' pro&u!t +ntonio ente& Court of in of ha& an the sear!hes; pro:le ' weeD 5n&ee&H f)a!tion Stop an& a Filipino frisD (People wo an %' !an 8ona!oH ha%e !iti=enship pres!ri:e&L (2) 1epresentati%es 3he re!eipt he si,ne& ust :e at is also least ina& 22 "ears issi:le ofhis a,e as s ille,al prohi:ite& afternoon +ppealsH sear!h 191 &ru,s of an& SC1+ 2insi&e sei=ure; >anuar" 229H the a (3N) !o ,reen 1988 part an& !ar& :" ents is Custo proof of &esD Coin!i&entall"' rape %i!ti 282 ser,eant' alle,ian!e resultin, fro her thearria,e to a (2) Can asD for the &enial ofas the petition his Con ri,hts the un&er of the !usto&ial in%esti,ation (+rt' E5H se!' were ))' not +s !ar' was in /n=o the pre ises e0e!utin, an e0tra;u&i!ial poli!e that the &a" en hol&er who is aele!tion'C then per anent sei=e& resi&ent the of &es!ri:e& the forei,ner un&er Se!' #H so lon, she &oeson not the ,roun& SC1+ that P1998Q); he ha& of the o:ser%e&' 9rown was (2N) :orn on 8a" 12Hof 19)2H he &i& not e?uip <nite& StatesH ent' 3he for in%entor" it i&entifies the the hol&er sei=e& as arti!les a state ent' >ohannH alon, si0 &o or o it 703 to &o an a!t a%aile& a with ountin, to 3a0 renun!iation %u*%eCuently )ound& * oug't to NBI ,) ()) + nest" other 1outine suspe!tsH for his sear!hes ta0 were lia:ilitiesL pla!e& at :or&ers in a t'e an& poli!e ports lineup of Sear"'e% and Sei)-re%5 4ai*er o# -e!i&e :e!o si,ne& ethe 22the !ase "ears with ol& reasons' until 8a" 12H 1987' @en!e was resi&ent of :" <nite& the States Se!retar" an& states of theCon%ent that 3iDasan the un&er Co onwealth +!t' No' )3H Se!' 1(2)' (3) 6hat is the effe!t on the petition for O))ice entr" (<nite& !'e e States 'e ad"itted %' 1a se"H o!ne #31 %'i+ <'S' )0) t'e an& the ,irl pointe& to hi as the rapist' >ohann SU22ESTE! 619897 ANS4ER: on 8a" 11H 1987H when the ele!tion was hel&H he Corporation' hol&er is entitle& 3he to followin, resi&e per &a"H anentl" a hearin, an& offi!er worD <n&er this lawH e0press renun!iation is o) &ifferent !an!ellation /n=oBs !iti=enship if /n=o &ie& was P1977Q); was arreste& an& lo!De& up !ell' >ohann No' 7: Pursuin, reports that ,reat ?uantities of attac'e ca%e and t'e +ac(age%. <e !a% +' was 3he # &a"s plasti! short :a, of an& the its re?uire& !ontents a,e' are a& issi:le in the the <nite& Affi!e States' of the Colle!tor of Custo s fro an an& a!t of alle,ian!e to in aa forei,n power as a h) &urin, Sear!hes pen&en!" of :usinesses of hearin, in +ac(age%. the on e0er!ise sai& !har,e& with in )o !ourt :ut prior of to in e%i&en!eH prohi:ite& &ru,s are it was :ein, sthe u,,le& National at ni,htti 9ureau e "ade the to %ign arape ecei+t t'e !on&u!te& asin!e hearin, onnot the !onfis!ation of the ,roun& for loss ofthe Philippine !iti=enship' %isitorial petitionL powers to enfor!e poli!e re,ulations (New 2) 3he filin, of a:ut !ertifi!ate !an&i&a!" &oes not arrai,n entc'a in%oDe& ri,ht to preli inar" throu,h the shores of Ca%iteH the Southern 7u=on of 5n%esti,ation the :us of !on&u!tor who La y !a% ged inhis cou t )o +o%%e%%ion e?uip ent' 8oreo%erH what !onstitutes C&ual alle,ian!eC SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: OorD %' 9ur,erH #82 <'S' )91 (1987Q)' 3' 3he an& Constitution pro%i&es that those who !onstitute aset wai%er of the status of the hol&er ofthe a in%esti,ation' 3his was &enie& :" the an& opene& Co the :a, up an& !he!Dpoints :rou,ht it to at the the National en& seeD of o) +i!al o'i*ited d ug%. <e !a% con,icted. On ini to national interest is an&;u&,eH what the 1) NoH the a!tion has notalle,ian!e pres!ri:e&' +s hel& instill 3wo either &a"s to !han,e thereafterH their the !iti=enship !orporation orPeople to file& a!?uire the the ,reen !ar& as a per resi&ent of the with <nite& thusH trial pro!ee&e&' +fter the prose!ution Ca%ite !oastal roa&anent to sear!h passin, otor 9ureau of 5n%esti,ation' +s hel& 5n %' a++eal& 'e no! +o%e% t'e )ollo!ing i%%ue%8 san!tions for su!h &ual will :eH will 1epu:li! %s' 7i OaoH SC1+ 7#8H a a&option !ertifi!ate status 193 of i 19*"ear i,rant of%s' another !ountr" C&urin, Supre ean Court a petition for !ertiorariH prohi:ition States' +s hel& in Coast Court of +ppealsH presente& se%eral witnessesH >ohann throu,h 8artiH %ehi!les' + SC1+ 27 (1991)H ol& :o"H the who !onstitutional finishe& fifth @4 T'e a21# e inad"i%%i*le in ha%e to+ac(age% :e &efine& :" law pen&in, of Sear"'e% and (i%-a Sear"' 619987 *eing t'e Sei)-re%5 + oduct o) an %ea c' of naturali=alion a" :eri,ht !an!elle& at an" ti file& e &ual if it theirSC1+229H tenureC shall :e &ealt with :" law (+rt' M5H an& an&a usthe to set asi&e the warrantH en;oin 191 wai%er shoul& :e anifeste& !ounselH in%oDe& the to illegal :ail an& a ,ra&eH while &ri%in,H was stoppe& :" the ri,ht a,ainst unreasona:le sear!h an& sei=ure is e,idence su!h le,islationH o:;e!tion :ase& on No' 2: -urin, re!ent ele!tionsH !he!Dpoints and %eiDu eE . ature' was frau&ulentl" o:taine& :" islea&in, the:" !ourt se!' 17)' pro%ision !annot appl" to 9rown for the Colle!tor an& his a,ents fro further :" an a!t 3he in&epen&ent of an& prior the filin, of otion thereforH whi!h was &enie& outri,ht the a authorities restraint upon at the the,o%ern !he!Dpoint' ent' 5t to &oes 6ithout not an" alle,ian!e willthe :e pre were up to enfor!e the ele!tion perio& :an 54 set Neit'e i% t'e ecei+t %igned ad"i%%i*le& the !ertifi!ate followin, reasons: FirstH 9rown is in a&&ition re,ar&in, the oral !hara!ter of 'e the petitioner' pro!ee&in, with the forfeiture to his of >u&,e' >ohann now files a petition for !ertiorari o:;e!tion froto hi!an&i&a!"' H hise0!lusion !ar was inspe!te&H an& the appl" so as re?uire ofhearin, e%i&en!e on firear s' Court 'i% the ig't% unde cu%todial in,e%tigation not se!ure an + !a eri!an !iti=en an& thus has athe &ual the of the !onfis!ate& e?uipin entH :efore of +ppeals ar,uin, that: @is whi!h sear!h "iel&e& e return into the ari;uana possession lea%es of hi&&en the 'a,ing !-a A *een egian"e *%= ,ed. !-a Decide. Citi)en%'i$ SU22ESTE! 619887 !-a A *%= !-a Citi)en%'i$ !iti=enship whi!h is of allowe& :"3he the Constitution' alle,in, therein that the warrant issue& is null &ru, an& arrest was not o*%e in a!!or&an!e with law' -e!i&e' trunD !o egian"e part ent !ar' prohi:ite& $o%ern ent throu,h athe sear!h a&e :" 619877 a pri%ate -urin, one su!h routine sear!h one ni,htH while 2) No' NoH 13: /n=o 1o:ert !annot 9rown asD was for the :orn &enial in @awaii of the on 8a" No' E555: C+C was :orn in 1921 in the <nite& ANS4ER: An the assu ption that the issues (Cf' +rt' se!' #)H Se!on&H 9rown &i& not seeD %oi& for 5EH the reason thatH pursuant to Se!tion 2 of !iti=en' was pro ptl" sei=e&H an& the :o" was :rou,ht to looDin, an open win&ow with afollows: flashli,htH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: petition 12H 19)2H for of an !an!ellation + eri!an of father his !ertifi!ate an& a Filipina of 1) 9' 5t is ina& issi:le'''' States of a Chinese father an& a Filipina other' were ti throu,h el"the raise& the answers are as to a!?uire the status of an i i,rantH :ut is an +rti!le 555 of the 1987 ConstitutionH onl" a ;u&,e the poli!e station for ?uestionin,' 6as the sear!h the poli!e sawon firear sissi:le at the :a!Dseat of a !ar OesH the An warrantless arrest of was not an in naturali=ation other' 8a" the 1)H ,roun& 1983 that while he ha& hol&in, a%aile& of <n&er + eri!an Chinese :" lawsH un&er C+BsC the prin!iple other auto of ati!all" soli 3he pa!Da,es are a& in>ohann e%i&en!e' 3he a" issue a :irth sear!h warrant' 5n his !o;us ent to without warrant le,alL partiall" papers an&was !lothes' a!!or&an!e with :" law' +sre,istere& hel& in $o Court Sear"'e% and Sei)-re%5 (a id 4arrant e%% the + ta0 a!o%ere& nest"' passportH 5n a!!or&an!e he with the as%'+ntonioH rulin, aana,er Filipino in of :e!a o:tainin, e a in Chinese the <nite& national States' :" 3hir&H her arria,e' he &i& not oneeri!an who opene& the pa!Da,es the the petitionH the Colle!tor of Custo sH throu,h the owner an& &ri%er ofConsulate the !ar in ?uestionH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: +ppealsH 20) 138H his &oes not fall Sear"' 689997 1epu:li! with the Philippine %s' 7iSC1+ OaoH 22# SC1+ at!ase 7#8H @onoluluH the ta0 @awaii' seeD to !han,e his status &urin, his tenure as a is of the otel without an" interferen!e of the a,ents Affi!e of the Soli!itor $eneralH !onten&s that he a) NoH Cra!D the sear!h offi!ers was of the not +nti*Nar!oti!s %ali&H :e!ause <nit there were was un&er the 5nstan!es in of 1ule 113H se!' 2 (a) ofan& a 5n nest" Septe erel" :erH re 1983 o%e& all hethe returne& !i%ilH !ri inal to the pu:li! offi!er' FourthH the pro%ision of +rt' M5H se!' of the National 9ureau 5n%esti,ation' +s hel& in authori=e& un&er the 3ariff an& Custo Co&e to was forSC1+ %iolation of firear s no pro:a:le !ause !on&u!tin, the sear!h' +s assi,ne& 5n 1973H upon on sur%eillan!e rea!hin, the of re?uires a,e the en%irons of a;orit"H of a C+C 1982 1ules of Cri inal Pro!e&ure authori=in, a& PhilippinesH inistrati%e an& lia:ilities tooD of up /n=o' resi&en!e 5t the &i& not at o:literate 9oa!H 17 is not self*e0e!utin, :ut an People %s' !har,e& 8artiH 193 27H the !onstitutional or&er the sei=ure offor the e?uip ent whose &uties :an' +re the firear s a& issi:le in !e hel& ele!te& eter" in to +l where a!?uire e&a the San!he= Philippine sale an& %s' !iti=enship' use <nite& of &an,erous StatesH @owe%erH #13 warrantless arrests' 5t !annot :e !onsi&ere& a i ple entin, law' FifthH :ut a:o%e allH the @ouse his 8arin&u?ueH la!D of ,oo& ho oral etown !hara!ter of his an& an& other' @e ri,ht a,ainst unreasona:le sear!hes sei=ures an& ta0es were not pai& an& that the !orporation e%i&en!e a,ainst hi L an& /0plain' <'S' 2))H while o%in, %ehi!le !an :e sear!he& &ru,s C+C !ontinue& are ra pant' toaresi&e + inistrati%e in an California with re&&ish an& an& to !arr" %ali& arrest :e!ause >ohann &i& that not /le!toral 3ri:unal has no ;uris&i!tion to &e!i&e this irreproa!ha:le re,istere& as a !on&u!t' %oterH %ote&H 3) An the e%en assu parti!ipate& ption referswarrantless to unwarrante& intrusion :" the ,o%ern ent &i& not e0haust a& re e&ies' Shoul& 5fH upon further inspe!tion :" the poli!eH prohi:ite& ,lass" without an + eri!an e"es a warrantH was passport' walDin, there @e unstea&il" also ustpai& still alle,ian!e :e o%in, pro:a:le to !o it anot !ri e in the presen!e of the poli!e ?uestion sin!e it &oes not !on!ern the he as a left lea&er a fa of il"H one the of &eath !an&i&ates of /n=o &oes in that not ren&er &istri!t an& &oes operate as a restraint upon pri%ate the petition :e ,rante&L -e!i&e' &ru,s were foun& the !ause' 5n the !ase in :er*ele!t' ?uestionH there was nothin, towar&s the 3aipei ?ualifi!ation the ,o%ern of :ut a %eere& e ent' 5nawa" the 1987 when Philippine he sense& offi!ersH sin!e the" were not present when >ohann the in the petition 198# for 9atasan theinsi&e !an!ellation ele!tions' of 5n his the !ertifi!ate ele!tions of in&i%i&uals' 2) 3he re!eipt is %arious not a& issi:le in of !o part ents of +ntonioBs !arH !an the &ru,s the to National in&i!ate presen!e ele!tionsH that of poli!e ari;uana he was en'ele!te& lea%es 3he" approa!he& were Senator' hi&&en @is in ha& alle,e&l" rape& his nei,h:or' Neither !an 5t :e naturali=ation 1987H he ran oot' Con,ress +s hel& anH in 1epu:li! an& won' %s' @is 7i :e sole OaoH e%i&en!e' ''' for use& in e%i&en!e a,ainst +ntonio if he is SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the ofo%e& the !ar' 3he as ere fa!t that the an& :o" hi opponent HtrunD intro&u!e& the to &is?ualif" sel%es hi poli!e on the offi!ers ,roun&s: !onsi&ere& an arrest un&er 1ule 113 2an& (:) 22# opponent SC1+ is7#8H now the ?uestionin, out!o e his of the ?ualifi!ations !asese!' will affe!t prose!ute& for possession of prohi:ite& 3he petition shoul& not :e ,rante&' <n&er Se!s' asDe& &i& a) 3hat not hi o:;e!t he what was tonot he thea ha& inspe!tion natural !len!he& :orn of in the !iti=en; his !ar han&' &oes an& :) +s not whi!h allows an without a warrant to :e his is tr"in, wife an& to oust !hil&ren' hi arrest on two :asi! !lai s:&ru,sL /0plain' 2202 an& 2208 ofpoli!e the an& Custo s open Co&eH !onstitute !onsent to 3ariff the in he 3hat Dept he ha& u C&ual H the alle,ian!eC en sear!h' prie& not onl" his+s han& to rule& a&e when a !ri e has in fa!t ;ust :een SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Sear"'e% (1) @eitte& is not and a natural Sei)-re%5 :orn %ear"' Filipino +ade !iti=enH by:ut a is !usto s%s' offi!ials authori=e& an" an& foun& People a 9ur,osH sa!hetare of 1## sha:uH SC1+ a &an,erous 1H to theenter failure &ru,' to !o an& the person aDin, the arrest has a) OesH an the s are a&in issi:le in e%i&en!eH Citi)en%'i$5 in fa!tH +firear E eri!anH e"ted :orn O##i"ia @awaiiH 6199:7 an inte,ral $ri*ate "iti)en 689987 theto <nite& States :ut alsothe to the 1epu:li! of warehouseH not use&in as &wellin,H for the purpose o:;e!t a warrantless sear!h &oes not !onstitute +!!or&in,l" !har,e& !ourtH a!!use& personal Dnowle&,e offsets in&i!atin, that the :e!ause the" were %ali&l" sei=e&' 5n Eal onte China' -e!i&e' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: No E555' No' portion 7: Fer&ie of Ane the i <'S'+'H a i,rate& passen,er who hol&s the :us <nite& an !on&u!tor +Sin!e eri!an States foun& in of sei=in, an" whi!h su:;e!t to o:;e!te& !onsentH espe!iall" to thearti!le a& in ission the li,ht inis e%i&en!e of the fa!t' of forfeiture' the person to :e &a" arreste& !o to itte& it' >ohann %s' EillaH 178 211 an& 182 SC1+ ))2H it a -e passport; anBs han&:a, left inhe the :us' the 3he ele!toral !ontest ust &is the 1980s' 3hereafterH %isite& his ho etownH For this purpose the" nee& no warrant issue& &an,erous &ru, :e!ause it :e was theisse&' result of an :" was arreste& a SC1+ weeD after the6hen alle,e& rapeH the Supre e Court hel& that !he!Dpoints a" (2) @e &i& not eet the a,e re?uire ent; an& !on&u!tor opene& the :a,H he foun& insi&e a :e 8aDaho"H other fiestas' 5n ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: a !ourt' +s state& in Ei&u"a %s' the 9er&ia,oH 73 ille,al sear!h an& sei=ure' 1ule on o:;e!tion' !annot :e e%er" &ee e& to "ear :e a&urin, !ri e town whi!h Chas ;ust set up!o to aintain pea!e an& or&er foroffi!ers the (3) @e has aitte&C' C,reen !ar&C fro the <'S' !atlin, !ar& with the ownerBs na (-ante $alan,) Oes' 3he re?uire ent of the pro:a:le !ause &iffers >anuar" 1993' Fer&ie !a ethe ho eean& file&:enefit hiswho SC1+ 223' for !enturies sei=ure of ,oo&s :" (3N) :) 6hat are the instan!es when warrantless :een Nor &i& poli!e of the pu:li! !he!Dpoints are a se!urit" (a) C+C is natural :orn !iti=en' +rt' 5EH Se!' 2laws of $o%ern ent' an& a&&ressH a few hun&re& peso :illsH an& as all fro !ase to 5nenfor!e this oneH sin!e thespoli!e !ertifi!ate of an& !an&i&a!" for 8a"or of 8aDaho"' @e !usto s a offi!ials to the !usto sear!hes a" !ase' :e effe!te&L (2N) arreste& hi ha%e personal Dnowle&,e of fa!ts easure a,ainst unauthori=e& firear s' Sin!e the 1987nee& Constitution pro%i&eswarrant that who plasti! !ontainin, a white pow&er" su:stan!e' a,ents areof !onfronte& withCthose lar,e*s!ale won in :a, the ele!tions' >oeH thehis &efeate& !an&i&ateH without a sear!h has :een in&i!atin, that >ohann rape& nei,h:or' the sear!h whi!h resulte& inethe &is!o%er" of the ele!t Philippine !iti=enship in a!!or&an!e with +ssu ethat that "ou are :er of @ouse @e :rou,ht the pow&er" su:stan!e to the whi!h National SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: s u,,lin, of prohi:ite& &ru,sH e0isten!e of whi!h learne& Fer&ie is a a ,reen!ar& hol&er re!o,ni=e&' firear sof was li ite& to a %isual of 9rownBs the !arH para,raph (3)H Se!' 1 hereof shall &ee set e& up /le!toral 3ri:unal where the for 9ureau 5n%esti,ation for la:orator" e0a ination a) 3he is not tena:le' 5n :e a!!or&an!e is of o:;e!tion pu:li! Dnowle&,eH the" !an on its fa!e i&entifies Fer&ie aspetition asear!h Cresi&ent alienC Sear"'e% and Sei)-re%5 4arrant% o# Arre%t natural :orn !iti=ens'C 3he purpose of SC1+ this it was reasona:le' 9e!ause of etha the :an on ouster it was is &eter ine& @ow tois :e woul& "ou pheta &e!i&e ine the with 8analili %' Court of +ppealsH 280 !he!Dpoints at strate,i! pla!esH in the sa#or e#00 wa" an& on thepen&in,' :a!D thereof !learl" printe&: ARTICLE I( Citi)en%'i$ A"tion 619917 pro%ision is to e?uali=e the status of those who firear sH the raise& possession the L firear &ru,' s was h"&ro!hlori&e three issues or sha:uH a,ainst aof prohi:ite& hi -ante (1997)' sin!e the a!!use& ha& re& e"es an& was that of in a nei,h:orhoo& a !hil& is Di&nappe&H Can"e ation5 Pre%"ri$tion B E##e"t o# !eat' it No' SU22ESTE! 8: An the :asis ANS4ER: of :" a %erifie& report an& CPerson i&entifie& this !ar& is to in ele!te& :efore those the $alan, prohi:ite&' was Sin!e su:se?uentl" the" were tra!e& foun& an& in entitle& plain foun& %iew an& walDin, unstea&il" an& the pla!e is aan& Dnown is lawfulPhilippine to sear!h!iti=enship !ars an& %ehi!les lea%in, 6199;7 !onfi&ential infor ation that %arious ele!troni! 3heresi&e firstto an& per anentl" ,roun&s an& worD ha%e in no the <nite& erit' with 9ut who &i& so after >anuar" 17H 1973 when the :rou,ht the !ourse the of athir& N95 lawful Affi!e sear!hH where in he a!!or&an!e a& itte& han,*out of &ru, a&&i!tsH the poli!e offi!ers nei,h:orhoo& or %illa,e: 3his situation isha& also No' 7: * /n=oH a Chinese nationalH was ,rante& e?uip States'C entHof whi!h >oe file& were a !ase ille,all" to &is?ualif" ithereforeH porte& Fer&ie into se!on& is well taDen an&H 9rown pre%ious Constitution tooD effe!t' ownership the han&:a, an& its !ontents' 5nthe the the &e!ision in 8a,an!ia %s' Pala!ioH 80 Phil' suffi!ient reason to stop the a!!use& an& to frisD si ilar to warrantless sear!hes of o%in, Philippine !iti=enship in a &e!ision ren&ere& :" PhilippinesH fro assu in, were the foun& a"orship in the :o&e,a of 8aDa*ho"' of the shoul& :e &is?ualifie&' !ourse of the interro,ation :" N95 a,entsH an& 770H the" are a& issi:le in e%i&en!e' hi Sin!e sha:u was a!tuall" foun& &urin, %ehi!les in !usto s areaH whi!h sear!hes ha%e the ' Court of First 5nstan!e of Pa pan,a on the (:) 3he C-<+7 +77/$5+NC/C &e!lare& ini i!al 1' 1o:ert 9rown is a lo!ate& natural :orn !iti=en of the 3iDasan Corporation at 1002 9inaDa"an (uestions: without the presen!e an& assistan!e of !ounselH in%esti,ationH it !oul& :e sei=e& without the nee& :een uphel&' (Papa %s' 8a,oH 22 SC1+ 827 >anuar" 10H 192)' @e tooD his oath of offi!e on to national interest in +rt' 5EH Se!' 2 refers to the (1) Philippines' 6hether + orperson not to a ,reen :ornaof !ar& a Custo Filipino is proof other the St'H Ce:u Cit"H the Colle!tor of s that of Ce:u $alan, was a&e si,n re!eipt for the plasti! for a sear!h warrant' (19)8)' 3he rule is :ase& on pra!ti!al ne!essit"' >une 2H 1929' 5n 1970H the Soli!itor $eneral file& :) the &ru,s !annot :e use& in e%i&en!e &ual alle,ian!e of so su!h as naturali=e& hol&er an& NoH anis alien athe per father anent :efore resi&ent >anuar" of the 17H <nite& 1973H issue&H in ornin, of 2 >anuar" 1988H a who :a, an& its sha:u !ontents' $alan, was !har,e& a petition to !an!el his e !iti=enship on the ,roun& a,ainst +ntonio if he is prose!ute& fora;orit" possession Filipino !iti=ens ( ostl" Chinese) aintain States' thereafter rea!hin, the a,e of ele!t 6arrant ofupon Sei=ure an& -etention a,ainst the with ille,al that in >ul" 19)9 the Court of 3a0 who +ppeals foun& of prohi:ite& &ru,s' 3he &ru,s alle,ian!e to Nationalist China as Philippine !iti=enshipH is a !iti=en !orporation for the sei=ure of the ele!troni! that /n=o ha& !heate& the

o ission the a!?uire& &a" !lai of her the" the s that hus:an&Bs ele!tionH are+tt"' &ee / .en" e&H !iti=enship' il"un&er $o is not is the not ?ualifie& A-@ lawH a natural* &ie& toto in run NoH 2: o# (2)Re$atriation + was 689987 :orn to a >apanese father not ?ualif" E##e"t to !hil& parti!ipate in the ana,e ent of for $o%ernor 2001H ha%e renoun!e& :orn lea%in, !iti=enH of her Sorso,on' it' finan!iall" hen!eH not <n&er se!ure&' ?ualifie& Se!tion She to :e 39(a) of the No E an& e"ted 9ulletin 5a *Filipina + O##i"ia was as Ei!e*Presi&ent :orn other' 619987 in 6oul& the Philippines he thereof' :e eli,i:le of to Filipino run the 7o!al returne& appointe& ho $o%ern e in to 2002H the ent Supre Co&eH an& sou,ht ae !an&i&ate Court' ele!ti%e 5s this foroffi!e No' for 1): the /&win position Ni!asioH of 8e :orn :er inwas the of Philippines the @ouse of of parents' 6hen artial law &e!lare& in the ,o%ernor in 2) 200# +!!or&in, !ontention :" runnin, ust to :e 8o !orre!tL afor resi&ent Oa 8a"or 7i(2N) Oao in ofthe +PPH %' pro%in!e Co her issioner E##e"t o# 0arriage5 Fi :er i$ino Philippines Filipino 1epresentati%es parents on Septe an& upon raise& rea!hin, 21H in 619897 the 1972H twent"*fi%e pro%in!e he went of "ears to the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: where ho of 5 etown' he i,rationH inten&s @er #1 opponent to SC1+ run at292H sou,ht least un&er one to ha%e Se!tion her 12 of NoH 2: (1) 7il" 3eh arri%e& in 8anila on one her Nue%a of a,eL /!i;aH ran for $o%ernor of hisas ho e + of <nite& States an& was naturali=e& an eri!an (1) "ear 3he !ontention i :e!ause e&iatel" is not pre!e&in, !orre!t' the <n&er of +rti!le the 5EH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: &is?ualifie& of her .A. !iti=enship' She the 1e%ise& Naturali=ation 7awH a &a" forei,n wo an re,ular +fter tours to the Philippines fro he 3aipeh' She !iti=en' pro%in!e' @e won the /-S+ an& he 1e%olutionH was sworn into !a offi!e' e ho 5t e 3he !hil& !an run for the @ouse of 1epresentati%es ele!tion' replie& Se!tion that 9" 1(3) althou,h resi&in, the in she Gon,o 1987 a!?uire& upon ConstitutionH .A.Bs her arria,e it is who arries a of Filipino !iti=en :e!o es a Filipino Peter $oH a naturali=e& Filipino !iti=en' +fter was re!entl" re%eale&H howe%erH that Ni!asio is a a toet the Philippines an& later on rea!?uire& Philippine pro%i&e& rea!hin, thePeter a,e of he he in 1989H pro%i&e& !iti=enship pro%i&e& .en" that :e!ause those a:an&one& :orn of possesses arria,eH :efore her resi&en!e >anuar" she none &i& in not 17H the lose 1973 !iti=en she of the whirlwin& upon !ourtshipH 7il" an& were arrie& at !iti=enship naturali=e& + :" eri!an repatriation' !iti=en' Suppose a) -oes ina;orit" still the 8a" her Filipino 9oth her parentsH she an ele!te& Philippine !iti=enship' <n&er Se!tion )H Philippines' of Filipino!iti=enship' 3hisothersH is innaturali=ation' a!!or&an!e who ele!t with the Philippine &is?ualifi!ations for + forei,n the San +,ustin Chur!h' + weeD after the we&&in,H possess !iti=enshipL :) 5f the 200# ele!tions he is ele!te& 8e :er ofse!on&* the @ouse sai&H are Filipino !iti=ens' 5sthe 3C+ ?ualifie& to run +rti!le E5the of the 1987 to ?ualif" to :e &e!ision Citi=enship in Caasi upon %s' rea!hin, Court of +ppealsH a,e of not 191 a;orit" SC1+ are who arries a Filipino !iti=en &oes a!?uire 7il" 3eh petitione& inConstitutionH a& inistrati%e pro!ee&in,s of pla!er 1epresentati%es in ,u:ernatorial an& a !ase is file& seeDin, his ele!tions files a ?uo warranto suit a,ainst for 8a"orL (2N) +tt"' @owe%erH a e :er the @ouse of 1epresentati%esH one 229' Filipino !iti=ens' / il" $o un&er was :orn of a Philippine !iti=enship' Se!tion 3 :efore i of i,ration authorities to &e!lare a &is?ualifi!ation on the ,roun& that he is her not a ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: Ni!asio an& he is foun& to :e &is?ualifie& ust :e a natural*:orn Philippine Filipino other Naturali=ation in 19#2 an& +!tH ele!te& !iti=enship of the 1e%ise& in su!h a !ase Filipino !iti=en statin, thatPhilippinesH she ha& none of the natural*:orn !iti=en of the how!iti=en' shoul& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: No' resi&en!e .en" wasre?uire nota,e ?ualifie& run for $o%ernor' fro !anhi the :e +!!or&in, to Se!tion 1 se!on&*pla!er (3)H &e!i&e&L +rti!le of sworn the 1987 upon rea!hin, the of 21' She is a natural :orn the ent forto naturali=ation will :e &is?ualifi!ations pro%i&e& in 5E the 1e%ise& the !aseoffi!eH a,ainst :e /0plain "our An the assu ption that tooD an oath of2 <n&er the ConstitutionH C!iti=ens of the Philippines into offi!e as ,o%ernorL !);ilte& 5fH instea&H Ni!asio ConstitutionH !hil&ren :orn :efore >anuar" 17H Filipino !iti=en as pro%i&e& :" +rti!le 5EH Se!tion re&u!e& fro ten (10) to3C+ fi%e (2) "ears' <n&er Naturali=ation 7aw' 3he Filipino ,irlfrien& of answer' (2N) alle,ian!e toaliens .A. to a!?uire !iti=enship of who shall retain their !iti=enshipH ha& :een :orn (of the 1973 of othersH who !lai ele!t Philippine of the arr" Constitution R C0 0the 0the those who ele!t Se!tion 1(2)H +rti!le 5E of ConstitutionH the Peter $o Filipino oppose& the petition in, that 7il" her hus:an&H she is o not ?ualifie& to run with for SU22ESTE! estill set of ANS4ER: parents) inha& the not <nite& unless :"of their a!t or ission the" are &ee e&H !iti=enship upon rea!hin, the a,e of States a;orit" are Philippine !iti=enship ina a!!or&an!e !hil&ren an alien an& Filipino !iti=en are 3ehsa was a inor who e%en !ele:rate& 3he !ase he shoul& there:" :ea!?uire& &e!i&e& + in fa%or eri!an of +' +sin hel& a"or'the She &i& not :e!o e a shall !iti=en .A. un&er law to ha%e renoun!e& it'C (Se!' #H +rt' Philippine !iti=ens' para,raph (3)H Se!tion 1 hereof :e of &ee e& !iti=ens of the Philippines' her an& 21st :irth&a"H who ne%er resi&e& the !iti=enship :" woul& "our answer :e erel" :" %irtue of @er her arria,eH she also tooD 5n Bengson /. :irthH @o*se o) Represen+a+i/es 5EH Constitution)' resi&in, in Gon,o an& natural*:orn !iti=ens'C @en!e she is ?ualifie& to :e Philippines e0!ept &urin, her one*weeD %isit as &ifferentL ANS4ER: a) NoH Ni!asio :'ec+ora' Trib*na' 327 SC1+ 2#2 (2001)H an oath of a alle,ian!e to .A.' 9" this a!tH she a!?uirin, Gon,o passport are in&i!ati%e oflost her appointe& to the Supre e Court' tourist fro SU22ESTE! 3aipehH &urin, the Chinese New OearH E##e"t% o# P'i &i o# 1998 689917 Se!tion 2H +rti!le 5E of re!o%er" the 1987 Constitution no lon,er possesses Philippine !iti=enship' +s hel& her Philippine !iti=enship' (Se!tion 1 P3QH repatriation results in the of the ori,inal renun!iation ofi$$ine Philippine !iti=enshipH whi!h is a who spoDe onl" ChineseH an& who ha& ra&i!al No 5 * onwealth Fro ainlan& China he was :orn pro%i&es: C3hose who ele!t Philippine !iti=enship in in Fri%al&o %s' CA8/7/CH 17# SC1+ 2#2H :" nationalit"' Sin!e + was a natural*:orn Filipino Co +!t No' )3') where ,roun& for loss of her !iti=enship whi!h she was i&eas liDe& a&%o!atin, unifi!ation of 3aiwan with E e"ting P'i i$$ine Citi)en%'i$5 4'en Pro$er of Chinese parentsH 8r N"a 3sa Chan a!!or&an!e with para,raph (3)H Se!tion 1 hereof :e!o in, a naturali=e& + eri!an !iti=enH Ni!asio !iti=en :efore he :e!a e a naturali=e& + eri!an suppose& to ha%e retaine&' 6hen she i,rate& ran for ainlan& China' 7il" 3ehH howe%erH swore that she E##e"t o# Re$atriation 619997 6>8<899?7 to the Philippines in 189#' +s of +pril 1899Ha shall :e natural*:orn !iti=ens'C An the lost Philippine !iti=enship' <n&er Se!tion 1(1) !iti=enH he&ee was e& restore& to his for er status as aof $o%ernor of Sorso,onH .en" was no11H lon,er was his renoun!in, her Chinese alle,ian!e an& while No 2' 555 * +tt"' 9' 1i!har& >ulio Chua was was :orn :orn in of 19)#' Filipino @e he was alrea&" a @ortal per anent resi&ent of the han&H if the !hil& was :orn after >anuar" 17H Co onwealth +!t No' )3H Philippine !iti=enship is natural*:orn Filipino when he repatriate&' Philippine !iti=en an&H hen!eH was &is?ualifie& foris other she Dnew no Filipino !usto s an& tra&itions as "etH parents' a le,iti ate <pon son rea!hin, of a Chinese the a,e father of an& a;orit"H a Filipino he Philippine 5slan&s an& !ontinue& to resi&e in this 1973H he woul& :e !onsi&ere& a natural :orn lost :" naturali=ation in a forei,n !ountr"H sai& position' she e%in!e& a sin!ere &esire to learn an& e :ra!e :e!a other' e until @is a naturali=e& father :e!a !iti=en e ainnaturali=e& another !ountr" his &eath' -urin, his lifeti !ountr"' e Filipino an& !iti=en of ele!tion pursuant to +rt' the ' without 6oul& nee& 7il" 3eh su!!ee& in :e!o in,5EH a E##e"t o# Re$atriation 6899:7 7aterH he !iti=en he when rea!?uire& +tt"' Philippine Chua was !iti=enship' still 8r' a Coul& inor' Se!' when was alrea&" in the PhilippinesH N"a 1(2)' Filipino !iti=en throu,h her arria,e to Peter $oL 2) +lthou,h un&er Se!tion 11(1)H +rti!le ME5 of the the No 5E * >uan Cru= was :orn of Filipino parents in @ortal /%entuall"H re,ain he his stu&ie& status law as an& was allowe& :orn Filipino :" 3sa Chan arrie& Charin,H anatural FilipinaH with who /0plain' ConstitutionH ass e&ia ust :e wholl" owne& :" Nat-ra Fi i$ino 619987 19)0 in &orn Pa pan,a' 5n 1982H he enliste& in the !iti=enL Supre e 6oul& Court "our to answer taDe the :e the :ar sa e0a e whether inationsH he :e,ot one sonH @ap ChanH who was :orn on No 5E * +n&res +n, was :orn a Chinese father Filipino !iti=ens an& un&er Se!tion 2 of the +nti* :) 2n& pla!er !anFt :e sworn toof offi!e''' <'S' 8arine Corps an& tooD an oath of alle,ian!e he su:;e!t rea!?uires to his su: his ission Filipino*!iti=enship to the Supre e Court :" A!to:er 18' 1897' @ap Chan ,ot arrie& also to SU22ESTE! an& a Filipino ANS4ER: other in Sorso,onH Sorso,on' An -u " 7aw aliens a" not inter%ene in the to the <nite& States of + eri!a' 5n 1990H he was repatriation proof his or :" Philippine a!t of one Con,ressL !iti=enship' +lthou,h (3N) Ni faH of a FilipinaH an& of their/0plain' !hil&ren washe OesH !) >anuar" 5f Ni!asio 7il" 20H 3eh was 1973H ipso :orn in fa!to in the 1988H <nite& :e!a his e StatesH a father Philippine he was ana,e ent of an" nationali=e& :usiness a!ti%it"' ne%er plie& with su!h re?uire entH +tt"' Chua naturali=e& as an + eri!an !iti=en' 5n 199#H he 7a!?ui!o Chan who was :orn on Septe :er 27H FIRST ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: !iti=en woul& still upon :e as her aa !iti=en Filipino arria,e of!iti=en' theto PhilippinesH Peter An+!t 8a" $oH 11H sin!e who 1998H his is a .en" 7a!?ui a" :e ele!te& %i!e presi&ent of the Philippine was repatriate& un&er 1epu:li! No' 2#30' pra!ti!e& law for finishe& an" "ears until one Noel naturali=e& 193)' Chan the !ourse 9a!helor >ulian 8ortal !an re,ain his status as a natural Philippine parents are +n, !iti=enH Filipinos' was pro%i&e& ele!te& <n&er1epresentati%e she Se!tion possesses 1(2)H none of the of 9ulletinH :e!ause she has e%entuall" re aine&a a -urin, the 1998 National /le!tionsH he those ran for /u,enio file& with the Supre e Court !o Filipino plaint +n&res of S!ien!e in Co er!e an& en,a,e& :orn !iti=en repatriatin,' Sin!e repatriation the &is?ualifi!ations whose -istri!t fathers or of Sorso,on' others lai& &own are !iti=ens >uan in Se!tion 9onto of the # of who the !iti=en' <n&er Se!tion #H the +rti!le 5Ethat of hethe an& was ele!te& representati%e of First for &is:ar ent:" a,ainst hi on ,roun& is First in :usiness' !-a Citi)en%'i$ 6199;7 in%ol%es restoration of!iti=ens a person to !iti=enship 1e%ise& Philippines the arese!on& !iti=ens hi,hest of 7aw' thehe Philippines' +!!or&in, nu :er of to Ni!asio %otesH to his the ConstitutionH Filipino @e who arr"9ureau aliens re!ei%e& -istri!t ofNaturali=ation Pa pan,a where resi&e& sin!e not a Filipino !iti=en' then file& with the 5n the 1989 ele!tionH 7a!?ui Chan ran for an& No' 8: 5n 8o" 1989H .en" 1e"es 9en 3ulo,H pre%iousl" lost :" e0patriation an& >ulian 8ortal rulin, woul& a possess petition in for Oa &ual (uo 7i !iti=enshipH 6arranto Oao %s'arrie& sin!e a,ainst Co un&er issioner +n,' 3he ofa retains their !iti=enship unless :" their a!t or file& repatriation' 6as he ?ualifie& to run for the of 5 8a" i,ration an affi&a%it ele!tin, Philippine was ele!te& 1epresentati%e (Con,ress an)' @is ri%al petition national of the State Gon,o' <n&er the laws pre%iousl" a !onteste& natural :orn !iti=enH in !ase he 5 + eri!an i,rationH 7aw was #1 persons SC1+ file& of:orn 292H with in an the the alien <nite& @ouse wo States an who ofof o ission the" are &ee e&H un&er the to ha%e positionL /0plain' !iti=enship' Noel it !lai in, lawH it was file& !an&i&ateH 1a ona!ts -eloriaH ?uo warranto SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Gon,oH an alien wo an arr"in, a Gon,o repatriates he will :e restore& to a his status as a are arries + eri!an a Filipino !iti=ens' /le!toral hus:an& +s3ri:unal hel& ipso in fa!to +=nor (@1/3)' :e!o %s' national 9onto es a renoun!e& it' 3he or o file& ission whi!h will result an" "ears after +tt"' Chua rea!he& the a,e ofor 1epresentati%e &is?ualifi!ation !ase a,ainst hi &is:arre&L on the ,roun& that Cru= ?ualifie& to not run as representati%e of the auto was ati!all" a!?uires Gon,o !iti=enship' +fter her natural :orn !iti=en' 5f he rea!?uire& his !iti=enship Filipino CA8/7/C' !iti=en that 182 +n, without SC1+ is 703H ha%in, a natural a person to possess :orn who !iti=en an" of of in a;orit"' loss of !iti=enship are enu erate& in !onten&s 6ill +tt"' Chua :e /0plain' First -istri!t of Pa pan,a' Sin!e his parents were he was not Filipino 5t was pointe& arria,eH .en" resi&e& inan& Gon,o an& a!?uire& :" a!t of a Con,ressH >ulian @ortal will not :e a in the possesses Philippines ?ualifi!ations :oth an& Philippine pres!ri:e& therefore is in +&is?ualifie& Se!tion eri!an 2 of to :e thea Co an onwealth +!t NoH!iti=en' )3' .en" is not ,uilt" ofout an" (2N) parti!ularH that 7a!?ui Chan not ele!t Philippine Filipino !iti=ensH he was a7aw natural*:orn !iti=en' Gon,o passport' 5n 1991H .en" returne& toshe the natural !iti=enH sin!e &i& he <nite& rea!?uire& his 1e%ise& !iti=enship e :er of is Naturali=ation the still @ouse' a Filipino an& &oes pro%i&e& not lose his of the ' :orn +s hel& in GawaDita %s' StatesH 3#3 a +lthou,h he :e!a e &is?ualifi!ations a naturali=e& + it' eri!an !iti=enship upon rea!hin, the a,e of 21' Philippines to run for $o%ernor Sorso,on' :" le,islati%e possesses !iti=enship none of the unless heof renoun!es set forth in <'S' 717H a person who naturali=ation' possesses &ual !iti=enship Philippine 9en,son @ouse of Se!tion un&er # of the rulin, sa e in law' +ll of %' the ,roun&s liDe .en" a" e0er!ise ri,hts of !iti=enship in :oth !iti=enH @1/3 in fa%or of +n,' 9onto (1) 6as .en" ?ualifie& run for $o%ernorL 1epresentati%es /le!toral 3ri:unal' 327 file& SC1+ in%oDe& :" rule& the for erto ,irlfrien& of Peter $o a for !ountries an& the use of a passport pertainin, to 3he SECON! SU22ESTE! ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: ANS4ER: -e!i&e whether 8r' 7a!?ui Chan suffers fro a in petition for !ertiorari in the Supre e Court' 3he E (2) e"ting Suppose P'i instea& i$$ine of enterin, politi!s' 6>8<899?7 .en" 2#2 P2001QH :" %irtueCiti)en%'i$ of his repatriationH Cru= was opposin, the petition of 7il" 3ehH e0!ept for the one !ountr" &oes not result in loss of !iti=enship >ulian &is?ualifi!ation NoH +tt"' @ortal Chua !annot will or not' not re,ain (2N) :e &is:arre&' his status+tt"' as aChua natural is 1' followin, ;ust ,ot +tt"' herself issues / ?ualifi!ationsH ele!te& il" are $oH raise&: as a status le,iti %i!e*presi&ent ate of the of a restore& to his ori,inal as &au,hter a natural*:orn last oneH are whi!h 7il" 3eh nee& the other !ountr"' SU22ESTE! :orn !iti=en alrea&" a Filipino :"ANS4ER: repatriatin,' !iti=en an& there @e ha& was to no perfor nee& Chinese Philippine father 9ulletinH an&fa!t a alo!al Filipino newspaper' was 6as :orn she in Filipino !iti=en' not possess' 3he that 7il"otherH 3eh is a&%o!atin, ALTERNATI(E 7a!?ui Chan is ANS4ER: a Filipino !iti=en an& nee& not (1) 6hether the !ase is ;usti!ia:le !onsi&erin, that an for a!t hi to a!?uire to file his the !iti=enshipH affi&a%it ele!tin, i'e'H repatriation' Filipino 19#2' ?ualifie& +t 21H to hol& she that ele!te& positionL Philippine !iti=enship the unifi!ation of 3aiwan with ainlan& China is E##e"t% o#Se!tion 0arriage% 619997 NeitherH was+n .en" ?ualifie& to hol& the position of +rti!le E5' 17 of the Constitution &e!lares ele!t Philippine !iti=enship' @is fatherH @ap ChanH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: <n&er !iti=enship' Se!tion 2H ele!tion +rti!leof5E Philippine of the ConstitutionH !iti=enship an& stu&ie& law' She passe& theun&er :ar Se!tion not a ,roun& for &is?ualifi!ation # of %i!e*presi&ent of Philippine 9ulletin' <n&er the No 555* 6hat are the effe!ts of arria,es of: for the @1/3 to Naturali=ation :e the Csole >u&,eC of all !ontests was a :orn Spanish su:;e!tH was resi&in, in the 1) <n&er Se!tion #H +rti!le 5E the Constitution' e0a inations an& en,a,e& in of pri%ate pra!ti!e natural presupposes !iti=ens that the are person those ele!tin, who are is an !iti=ens alien' 1e%ise& 7aw' 1 a to an alien; (1N) ConstitutionH Cthe ownership an& ana,e ent relatin, to!iti=en the ele!tion returns an&Coun!il .en" her Filipino !iti=enship' Sin!e she Philippines on +pril 11H 1899H an& !ontinue& to an" retaine& "ears' 3he >u&i!ial an& 9ar fro @is fatherH :irth without howe%erH ha%in, alrea&" to :e!a perfor e an a Filipino a!t of 2 an alien to a!an&i&ate !iti=en; on their spouses ass when e&ia shall :e li their ite& to the &is?ualifi!ations ofa e of:ers of the @ouse of of also inate& :e!a e a as !iti=en Gon,oH she possesses resi&e in Philippines' 5n !iti=ensH a!!or&an!e no her for the position a!?uire !iti=en orthe perfe!t +tt"' Chua was !iti=enship' still a of inor 5f with an& he an& -is!uss' (1N) PhilippinesH or to !orporationH !ooperati%es or E##e"t 1epresentati%es' o# Oat' o# P2NQ A the egian"e 6899;7 &ual !hil&renL !iti=enship' Pursuant to Se!tion #0 (&) of the +sso!iate >usti!e of Supre e Court' 9ut her Se!tion of the Philippine 9ill of 1902H he a,e was of a rea!?uire& thusH he # was his alrea&" !iti=enship a Filipino :" an :efore a!t of the Con,ressH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: (2) 6hether +n, is Co&eH a natural :o !iti=en ofleft the asso!iations wholl" owne& an& ana,e& su!h (#*a) 3C+H a Filipina e&i!al te!hnolo,istH 7o!al $o%ern ent she is &is?ualifie& to in run no ination is :ein, !onteste& :" +tt"' >uris Filipino !iti=en' @en!eH in a!!or&an!e with >ulian a;orit" @ortal (Co %' will @1/3H not :e $'1' a Nos' natural 92191*92H :orn:" !iti=en >ul" 1') to .A. Se!tion #H +rti!le 5Eshe of the !iti=ensC M5 P1QH +rt' ME5)H 9ein, a non* 1972 to worD in State' 5n 1988 arrie& for +!!or&in, ,o%ernor' 5n a&&itionH if returne& to the CastilloH also an aspirant to.en" the position' She Se!tion 1(3T of the 1932 ConstitutionH 7a!?ui sin!e 30H1991)' he (Se!tion rea!?uire& his !iti=enship :" le,islati%e ConstitutionH Filipino !iti=ens arr" aliens Philippine A-@H a !iti=en ofthan .A.' to .A.Bs lawH PhilippinesH less a Pursuant "ear iwhoe&iatel" :efore Chan is a !iti=enH natural.en" :orn !an Filipino !iti=enH sin!e his naturali=ation' Nat-ra &orn Fi i$ino 619897 retain their !iti=enshipH unless :" their a!t or :" taDin, an oath of alle,ian!eH she father was a Filipino !iti=en'

1' 3he he !ase is a repatriate& is ;usti!ia:le' Filipino (,ra%e !iti=en a:use an& of a &is!retion)''' resi&ent of the Pro%in!e of 7a,una' 3o :e 2' +n&res +n, for shoul& :e !onsi&ere& a lo!al natural ?ualifie& the offi!e to whi!h a :orn !iti=en the Philippines' was of a offi!ial of has :een ele!te&H @e when at:orn the latest Filipino other >anuar" shoul& heon :e: (2N) 20H 1973' 3his was after the effe!ti%it" of the 1973 Constitution on 1a417H 1973' A Fili+ino Ex+lain. >anuar" <n&erCitiDenG Se!tion (1)H +rti!le 555 of the 1973 ConstitutionH those whose fathers or SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: others are !iti=ens of the Philippines are !iti=ens 3he !iti=enship re?uire ent is re to :e possesse& :" of the Philippines' +n&res +n, aine& a !iti=en of the an ele!ti%e Philippines offi!ialafter at the the latest effe!ti%it" as of of the the ti 1987 e he is Constitution' pro!lai e& an& Se!tion at the1H start +rti!le of the 5E of ter the of 1987 offi!e to Constitution pro%i&es: C3he followin, are 39 !iti=ens whi!h he has :een ele!te&' Se!tion of the of the Philippines: C(l) 3hose who are !iti=ens ofthe 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH whi!h enu erates the Philippines the ti lo!al e of the a&option this ?ualifi!ations ofat ele!ti%e ,o%ern ent of offi!ialsH Constitution;C &oes not spe!if" an" parti!ular &ate or ti e when the !an&i&ate ust possess !iti=enship' (Fri%al&o Nat-ra <&orn Fi i$ino6199:7 %' CA8/7/CH No' 1: $'1' No' 5n 19)#H 120292H 1uffaH >une a 28H199)) Filipina &o esti! helper worDin, in @on,Don,H went to 3aipei for a (:) + resi&ent of she the lo!alit"L /0plain' %a!ationH where et Chen, Sio PaoH who she arrie&' <n&er Chinese 7awH 1uffa SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: auto ati!all" :e!a e a Chinese !iti=en' 3he <n&er Se!tionin 39 of the where 7o!al on $o%ern !ouple resi&e& @on,Don,H 8a" 9H ent Co&eH an in&i%i&ual resi&en!" 19)2H 1uffa ,a%e :irth ust to apossess :o" na the e& /rnest' re?uire ent in the thea,e lo!alit" where /rnest he inten&s to <pon rea!hin, of a;orit"H ele!te& run at least one "ear +fter i e&iatel" pre!e&in, the Philippine !iti=enship' the /-S+ 1e%olutionH &a" of ele!tion' /rnest &e!i&e& to li%e per anentl" in the PhilippinesH where he prospere& as a :usiness an' -urin, thed 8a" 11H 1993 ele!tionH Stat-%5 I egiti+ate C'i 619997 /rnest an& ele!te& won as a !on,ress an' 8a" @is 1987 No' 3: ran O was Senator in the opponentH notin, /rnestBs an!estr"H file& national ele!tions' @e wasChinese :orn out of we&lo!D ina petition &is?ualif" the father latter on thea followin, 19#9 oftoan + eri!an an& naturali=e& ,roun&s; (1) /rnestO Chen, is not a natural :orn Filipina other' ne%er ele!te& Philippine Filipino; an& (2) he is un&er*a,e&' -e!i&e' !iti=enship upon rea!hin, the a,e of a;orit"' (1) 9efore what :o&" shoul& 3H the losin, SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !an&i&ateH ?uestion the ele!tion of OL State the 1) /rnest !annot :e &is?ualifie&' Se!tion 1H +rti!le reasons for "our answer' 5E of the C3he followin, are (2) 5sConstitution O a Filipino pro%i&es: !iti=enL /0plain "our !iti=ens of the Philippines; MMM MMM MMM C(3) answer' 3hose :orn :efore >anuar" 17H 1973H of Filipino SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: othersH ele!t Philippine !iti=enship upon (1) 3H the who losin, !an&i&ateH shoul& ?uestion the rea!hin,of the a,e of the a;orit";C /rnest !oul& ele!t ele!tion O :efore Senate /le!toral 3ri:unalH Philippine !iti=enship sin!e he was :orn :efore '''' >anuar" 17H 1973 an& his other is a Filipino' +s state& inO the !ases of 3orres %s' 3an Chi that H )9 Phil' (2) OesH is a Filipino !iti=en' 8ore than he 218 an& Cu:orn %s' 1epu:li!H Phil' #73H for this is a natural !iti=en of 83 the Philippines pro%isionto to:e!o appl"H e the other nee& not :ean a ?ualifie& a Senator' Sin!e O is Filipino ate !iti=en atof the ti e she ,a%e :irth to the ille,iti !hil& a Filipino otherH he follows !hil& in ?uestion' 5t is suffi!ient that she was a the !iti=enship of his other' @e nee& not ele!t Filipino !iti=en at the ti e of her arria,e' Philippine !iti=enship upon rea!hin, the a,e of AtherwiseH nu :er of persons who woul& a;orit" as the hel& 5n re 8allare' 29 SC1+ #2' 5n:e :enefite& :" the fore,oin, pro%ision woul& :e Asias %' +ntoninoH /le!toral Case No' 11H +u,ust li 1971H ite&' the Senate /le!toral 3ri:unal hel& that )H the ille,iti ate !hil& of an alien father an& a Filipino other is a Filipino !iti=en an& is ?ualifie& @a%in, ele!te& Philippine !iti=enshipH /rnest is a to :e a Senator' natural*:orn Filipino !iti=en in a!!or&an!e

with Se!tion 2H +rti!le 5E of the ConstitutionH whi!h rea&s: 3hose who ele!t Philippine !iti=enship in a!!or&an!e with para,raph (3)H Se!tion 1 'e eo) %'all *e dee"ed natu al *o n citiDen%.9 54 E ne%t i% not unde -aged. 1"ini"u" 52 y % old4.... Nat-ra i)ation5 Can"e ation o# Citi)en%'i$ 619987 No M' * 7i 3on, 9iaoH a Chinese !iti=en applie& for an& was ,rante& Philippine !iti=enship :" the !ourt' @e tooD his oath as !iti=en of the Philippines to >ul" 19)3H in 1972H the Affi!e of the Soli!itor $eneral file& a petition to !an!el his Philippine !iti=enship for the reason that in +u,ust 19)3H the Court of 3a0 +ppeals foun& hi ,uilt" of ta0 e%asion for &eli:eratel" un&erstatin, his in!o e ta0es for the "ears 1929*19)1' (1) Coul& 7i 3on, 9iao raise the &efense of pres!ription of the a!tion for !an!ellation of his Filipino !iti=enshipL P3NQ (2) Supposin, 7i 3on, 9iao ha& a%aile& of the 3a0 + nest" of the ,o%ern ent for his ta0 lia:ilitiesH woul& this !onstitute a %ali& &efense to the !an!ellation of his Filipino !iti=enshipL P2NQ SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 1' NoH 7i 3on, 9iao !annot raise the &efense of pres!ription' +s hel& in 1epu:li! us' $o 9on 7eeH 1 SC1+ 11))H 1170H a &e!ision ,rantin, !iti=enship is not res ;u&i!ata an& the ri,ht of the ,o%ern ent to asD for the !an!ellation of a !ertifi!ate !an!ellation is not :arre& :" the lapse of ti e' 2' 3he fa!t that 7i 3on, 9iao a%aile& of the ta0 a nest" is not a %ali& &efense to the !an!ellation of his Filipino !iti=enship' 5n 1epu:li! %s' 7i OaoH 21# SC1+ 7#8H 72#H the Supre e Court hel&: C5n other wor&sH the ta0 a nest" &oes not ha%e the effe!t of o:literatin, his la!D of ,oo& oral !hara!ter an& irreproa!ha:le !on&u!t whi!h are ,roun&s for &enaturali=ationHC Re%iden"y ReF-ire+ent%5 E e"ti*e O##i"ia 6>9<899A7 (1) 5n the 8a" 8H1992 ele!tions for lo!al offi!ials whose ter s were to !o en!e on >une 30H 1992H 1i!D" file& on 8ar!h 20H 1992 his !ertifi!ate of !an&i&a!" for the Affi!e of $o%ernor of 7a,una' @e wonH :ut his ?ualifi!ations as an Philippines' W2NQ @ow shoul& this !ase ele!te& offi!ial was ?uestione&' 5t is a& :e itte& that &e!i&e&L SU22ESTE! ANS4ER:

in&epen&en!e lawfull" 3he 1epresentati%e pro%iso use of arrie& &is!retionar" is un!onstitutional' fro Ealera ;ust the two ?uestione& politi!al "ears fun&s a,o' for Se!tion part" purel" the 5sto 8i,uel %ali&it" 32 whi!h reli,ious of Sin of a Filipino 1'+' the" :elon,' No'is !iti=enL #)70 pro%i&es for an in&eter ina:le purpose the San&i,an:a"an thus un!onstitutionalH or&er on the ,roun& an& the thatH fa!t that SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: perio& of i prison with neither a of ini u the un&er &is:urse +rti!le E5H ent Se!tion is entH a&e 1)(3) :" resolution of the ConstitutionH a lo!al E e"tora Trib-na 5 Senate5 8i,uel Sin isua Filipino !iti=en :e!ause he is the nor a :e a0i &uration ha%in, :een set :" the le,islati%e he !an suspen&e& :o&" an& not onl" :" :".-ri%di"tion Con,ress the @ouse &oes of619997 not le,iti !hil& of aoffensi%e Filipino other' <n&er le,islati%e authorit"' 3hethe !ourts are thus+rti!le ,i%en 1epresentati%es aDe ate it an" less an& that !ri to the inal Constitution' !ase No' 3: latitu&e Ohi was ele!te& Senator in the 8a" 1987 5EH Se!tion # ofof the 1987 ConstitutionH his wi&e &is!retion to fi0 the ter of +:o%e a,ainst allH &i& the not resolution arise fro !onstitutes his a!tuations a other as !lear a national @e was :orn out:enefit of&espite we&lo!D in retaine& her !iti=enship her i prison entH without the of an" %iolation e :er ele!tions' of thePhilippine @ouse Non*esta:lish ofe%en 1epresentati%es' ent Clause 5s (art' 555H 19#9 ofof an +an eri!an father an& a &uration naturali=e& arria,e to alien hus:an&H an& a!!or&in, to suffi!ient stan&ar&H su!h that the thereof se!' 1epresentati%e 2) the Constitution' EaleraBs !ontention !orre!tL 6h"L Filipina ne%er ele!te& Philippine +rti!le 5EHother' Se!tion 1(2) of the ConstitutionH a" ran,eH in O the wor&s of 1987 respon&ent ;u&,eH (2N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !iti=enship upon the a,e a;orit"' !hil&ren ofrea!hin, a the Filipino other are Filipino fro one :orn inute to life span of the a!!use&' Co++i%%ion on A$$oint+ent% 689987 3he !ontention of 1epresentati%e Ealera not a 9efore what :o&" shoul& 3H losin, !iti=ens' 3his !annot :e allowe&' 5t the %ests in the is !ourts No 555!an&i&ateH !orre!t *+s Suppose hel& in ?uestion Santia,o there are the %' 202 ele!tion San&i,an:a"anH e of:ers OL in the power an& a &ut" essentiall" le,islati%e in nature 4ay% State the o# Rea"F-iring reasons for "our Citi)en%'i$ answer' 5s 689997 O a %iolen!e @ouse of 1epresentati%es' Af this nu :erH in 182 32) SC1+ )3)H the suspension !onte plate& an& whi!hH as applie& to this !aseH &oes Nothe Filipino ME555' !iti=enL * Cru=H /0plain a Filipino "our :" answer' :irthH :e!a :elon, +rti!le E5H to Se!tion the Pro,ressi%e 1)(3) of the Part" Constitution of the Philippines iseaan to rules on separation of powers as well as SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: + PPPH eri!an !iti=en' his ol& a,e he has returne& or while 17 :elon, to the Citi=ens Part" or punish ent that is5n i pose& :" the Senate or the non*&ele,a:ilit" of le,islati%e powers' (People (1) 3H the losin,an& !an&i&ateH shoul& the to >u&,e the !ountr" wants upon to :e!o e a ?uestions Filipino CP' @ouse @ow of woul& 1epresentati%es "ou answer the followin, an?uestion errin, %' -a!u"!u"H ele!tion of O the Senate /le!toral 3ri:unalH $'1' No' 7*#2127H 8a" 2H 1989) a,ain' +s his law"erH erate the wa"s re,ar&in, representation of the @ouse in:" the e :erH itthe is :efore &istin!t froenu the suspension un&er :e!ause the in%ol%e& is the ?ualifi!ation of whi!h !iti=enship a" :e rea!?uire&' (2N) Co Se!tion ission 13 ofissue on the +ppoint +nti*$raft entsL an& Corrupt Pra!ti!es SU22ESTE! !e O to egation :e a Senator' ANS4ER: Po1er%5 Co+$ 17H a +rti!le etene%% E5 of the Te%t5 +!tH whi!h is o# not a Se!tion penalt" :ut pre%enti%e Cru= +' S-##i"ient 1987 + @ow Constitution a" Sin!e rea!?uire Standard an" Se!tion seats pro%i&es Philippine Te%t woul& that' !iti=enship 3he PPP Senate :e entitle& in an& the easure' 136>?<899A7 of the +nti*$raft an& followin, to (1) the ha%e 3he @ouse wa"s: inof the 1epresentati%es two Co a!!epte& ission tests on state +ppoint ea!h*ha%e to that &eter entsL an ine Corruption Pra!ti!es +!t &oes shall not the 1 9" naturali=ation; whether /le!toral 3ri:unal or not there whi!h is shall a :e %ali& the &ele,ation sole ;u&,e of of /0plain "our answer (2N) pu:li! offi!er ust :efull"' suspen&e& onl" in the 2 !ontests 9" power repatriation pursuant to!o 1epu:li! +!t No' all relatin, tothe the ele!tionH returnsH an& le,islati%e Co pleteness 3est an& offi!e where he is are alle,e& to ha%e itte& the 8171; 9' Suppose an& he 12 of:een the CP representati%esH while ?ualifi!ations of their respe!ti%e 8e :ers'C the Suffi!ient Stan&ar& 3est' /0plain ea!h' to (#N) a!ts whi!h has !har,e&H it applies an" 3 aintainin, 9" &ire!t their a!t part" of Con,ress affiliationH (Se!tion entere& 2 into of a offi!e whi!h he a" :e hol&in,' Co onwealth No' politi!al allian!e +!t with the)3)' PPP in or&er to for the (2) ALTERNATI(E OesH O CoalitionBB is a natural ANS4ER: :orn '''' C1ain:ow in the Filipino @ouse' !iti=en' 6hat effe!tH if E e"ted O##i"ia 5 !e Fa"to O##i"er 6899;7 619<b7 <n&er the CA8P7/3/N/SS 3/S3H a law ust an"H woul& this ha%e on the ri,ht of the CP to ha%e ARTICLE (I Legi% ati*e +E/ Foreign :e !o ran plete A##air%5 for in seats all Ro itseter o# an Ho-%e s of an& (< Co pro%isions o# pro%in!e' Re$ 6199?7 when a seat orCon,ress in the ission on !e$art+ent @owe%erH No' 7: 2) the Can his le,islature opponentH the @ouse 9+13H of 1epresentati%es was the one it lea%es that nothin, is left totaDe the +ppoint entsL /0plain "our answer full"' (2N) a!ti%e part in the !on&u!t of forei,n relationsH pro!lai ;u&, ent e& of an& the seate& &ele,ate' as the 3he winner le,islature of the &oes A$$ro$riation o# P-b i" F-nd% 619887 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ele!tion parti!ularl" :" the in CA8/7/C' enterin, +E/ into file& treaties seasona:l" an& not a:&i!ate its fun!tions when it &es!ri:es what No' ): * 8etropolitan newspapers ha%e reporte& that +' 3he 182 e :ers of the Pro,ressi%e Part" international a,ree entsL /0plain' a ;o: protest ust :e :efore &oneH @1/3 who (@ouse is to &o of itH 1epresentati%es an& what is theof the Philippine $a es an& + use ent Corporation SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the Philippines represent 91'28 per !ent of the 202 /le!toral +fter two "earsH s!ope of 3ri:unal)' his authorit"' @owe%erH a @1/3 &ele,ation of (P+$CA1) ,i%es heft" !ontri:utions to 8ala!anan,H NoH @ouse 1epresentati%es !annot taDe e the :ers of the of @ouse of 1epresentati%es' 5n re%erse& power to the CA8/7/CBs aDe the laws &e!ision whi!h an& ne!essaril" +E/ was to fun& Cso!ioe!ono i! an& !i%i! pro;e!tsC the a!ti%e part in the !on&u!t ofSe!tion forei,n relationsH a!!or&an!e with +rti!le E5H the pro!lai e& finall" as the ele!te& in%ol%es a &is!retion as &ul" to what it shall18 :e of of a" Presi&entH 3he reports a&& that for 1988 aloneH parti!ularl" inis enterin, into one treaties an& ConstitutionH it entitle& to ha%e ten of the twel%e Con,ress not !onstitutionall" an' 3husH :ehe &one' ha& (/&u onl" "ear to so e in si0 hun&re& illion (P)008) ha%e %' /ri!taH $'1' No' 7*3209)H 2#H pesos 1970) international a,ree ents' +sA!to:er hel& <nite& States seats in the Co ission on in +ppoint ents' ser%e Con,ress' alrea&" :een ear arDe& for re ittan!e to the Affi!e %s' Curtiss*6ri,ht 299 <'S' +lthou,h the 182 /0port e :ers CorporationH of Pro,ressi%e Part" of of the Presi&ent' P+$CA1 also :een Can <n&er +E/ the !olle!t S<FF5C5/NCO salaries allowan!es AF S3+N-+1-S fro reporte& 30#H the Presi&ent alonean& is ha& the representati%e of the Philippines represent to ha%e fun&e&H asthe !oor&inate& :" a Con,ress 10'98 3/S3H seats the statute the Co ust ission not on onl" +ppoint &efine a an ,o%ern ent for first two "ears of his terentsH the nation in the !on&u!t of forei,n affairs' fro 8in&anaoH spe!ial pro;e!ts of ?uite a nu :er un&er the rulin, %' 21# as fun&a Con,ress ental le,islati%e anL in $uin,ona poli!"H arD$on=alesH its its an& +lthou,h the Senate has the power to li!on!ur in of e :ers of the @ouse of 1epresentati%es' SC1+ :oun&ariesH 789 (1992)H an& spe!if" a fra!tional the ne,otiates pu:li! e :ership a,en!" !annot to treatiesH the Presi&ent alone treaties Shoul& 9+13 refun& to the ,o%ern ent the :e roun&e& off to powerless full e power' :ership :e!ause it will e0er!ise the le,islati%e 5t ust an& Con,ress is to intru&e into also this' salaries he ha& re!ei%e& as orpart" result in&i!ate in an& o%er*representation the !ir!uatter stan!es of un&er that politi!al whi!h the @owe%erH if allowan!es the in%ol%es a treat" an Con,ress anL an& un&er*representation ofthe the other le,islati%e !o an& entH is to :e effe!te&' 3o politi!al a%oi& e0e!uti%e a,ree @ouse of +ssu in, that one"&ele,ationH earne& :" P+$CA1 fro parties' the taint of unlawful there ust :e its a 1epresentati%es a" pass a resolution operations are pu:li! fun&sH are su!h !ontri:utions 6hat will happen the :ills that 9+13 alone stan&ar&H whi!h i to plies at the %er" least that the e0pressin, its %iews on the atter' to 8ala!aXan, an& to for !ertain Con,ress en an& 9' 3he politi!al allian!e :" the 12 authore& an& were appro%e& :" the @ouse of le,islature itself &eter inese& atters of prin!iple their e0pen&iture as reporte&H le,alL Cite Foreign A##air%5 Ro fun&a e he o#Part" Senate 6199;7 e :ers of the Citi=ens with the 1epresentati%es while was seate& as an& la"s &own ental poli!"' (Free !onstitutional or &e!isional rules in support of "our Pro,ressi%e No' 13: 1) anL <n&er Part" of the the ConstitutionH Philippines will what not result the Con,ress 1eason an& e0plain :riefl"' (2N) 3elephone 6orDers <nion %' 8inister of is 7a:orH answer' in role theof &i the inution Senate ofA!to:er the innu the :er !on&u!t of seats of in forei,n the $'1' No' 7*2818#H 30H 1981) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Co ission on +ppoint ents to whi!h the affairsL 3he !ontri:utions a&e to+s 8ala!aXan, an& to %' S<$$/S3/SU22ESTE! ALTERNATI(E +NS6/1: ANS4ER: ANS4ER: +E/ !annot !olle!t Citi=ens Part" is entitle&' hel& in Cunanan !ertain !on,ress en are 5lle,al' <n&er art' E5Hfor se!' salaries 3he CA8P7/3/N/SS Senate an& pla"s allowan!es a3/S3' roleain fro 3he the the !on&u!t law ,o%ern ust of :e forei,n ent 3anH 2 SC1+ 1 (19)2)H te porar" allian!e 29(1) no one" !an :e pai& out of the 3reasur" the affairsH !o first plete :e!ause two in "ears all e its of essential of the his re?uire ter ter H politi!al :e!ause ent s an& in Se!tion !on&itions in the 21H :etween the :ers of one part" an& e0!ept in pursuan!e of an appropriation :" +rti!le when eanwhile itE55 lea%es of 9+13 the the Constitution !olle!te& le,islature the that so salaries that to :e there %ali& an& will an& :e another politi!al part" &oes not authori=e aa&e law' 3he &is:urse ent allowan!es' effe!ti%e nothin, in left a the treat" for 9+13 the &ele,ate international tothe &o !han,e eor :ership of

of pu:li! fun&s :" P+$CA1H not :ein, a,ree Stat-%5 Co was when a it &e ission ent rea!hes Ifa!to egiti+ate on ust offi!er +ppoint hi :e !on!urre& e0!ept while C'i entsH d5 he to enfor!e !-a in was AtherwiseH :"in at Citi)en%'i$ possession least it' a&e (See the two* pursuant to3an, an appropriation a&e :" lawH 6199?7 Co of thir&s 53S the %' of offi!e' +n, ission all the 3o on 8e allow +ppoint @oH:ers $'1' +E/ of ents No' to the !olle!t 7*17122H will Senate' ha%e the to Fe:ruar" salaries :e No' %iolates 8: 2) the M Constitution' was inin the shift <nite& States of ato reor,ani=e& an& 27H 1922) allowan!es as often will:orn result as %otes aDin, fro the one si&e Filipino father another ,o%ern Se!tion in ent #H the pa" +rti!le an& @ouse aa se!on& 8e0i!an of ME555 1epresentati%es' ti of e'other' (8e!he the @e Constitution returne& H+ A$$ro$riation o# when P-b i" F-nd%5 !ebt to 3reatise S<FF5C5/N3 the Philippines on the S3+N-+17aw of Pu:li! he was Affi!es 3/S3' twent"*si0 an& +Ser*i"ing Pu:li! suffi!ient "ears pro%i&es: C+ll e0istin, treaties or international 619987 Affi!ersH stan&ar& P1890Q is inten&e& pp' 222*223') to not ap out the :oun&aries of a,ree a,eH ents !arr"in, whi!h an ha%e + eri!an :een passport ratifie& shall an& not he of No 13: /0plain how auto ati!the appropriation !e egation o# was the renewe& &ele,ateBs re,istere& authorit" as the an 689987 alien :" &efinin, with the the 9ureau le,islati%e of :e or Po1er% e0ten&e& without !on!urren!e pu:li! No 9+13 ME55' is fun&s not * Suppose re?uire& for &e:t that ser%i!in, to Con,ress to !an the :e passe& ,o%ern re!on!ile& ent law poli!" an& in&i!atin, the !ir!u stan!es 5 of at i,ration' least two*thir&s ofrefun& all the 8e :ers ofaun&er the with +rti!le E5H Se!tion of the !reatin, the salaries a to an& -epart allowan!es ent29(1) of he @u re!ei%e&' an Constitution' @a:itat +s a an& &eto whi!h it is :e pursue& an& effe!te&; inten&e& Senate'K 6as M ?ualifie& to that run Cno for ent e :ership inpai& the Sai& authori=in, fa!to pro%ision offi!erH he the sa"s is -epart entitle& toone" the Se!retar" shall salaries :e an& to pre%ent a total transferen!e of le,islati%e power @ouse In*e%tigation% ofle,islature 1epresentati%es in Aid o#ren&ere& Legi% in the ation 1992 619987 ele!tionsL out the 3reasur" e0!ept in pursuan!e of an is pro allowan!es ul,ate :e!ause i ple entin, he rules an& ser%i!es re,ulations' &urin, fro of the to the &ele,ate' 3he stan&ar& /0plain' No' 8: +in&i!ate& !ase was file& :efore the San&i,an:a"an appropriation Suppose his in!u further :en!"' a&e that (1o&ri,ue= :" the lawC' law %' 3anH 91 that Phil' %iolation 72# usuall" in the law&e!lare& &ele,atin, le,islati%e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: re,ar&in, ?uestiona:le ,o%ern transa!tion' of P1922Q) the (See i a ple entin, rules an& ent re,ulations so power' Onot u' 5nter e&iate +ppellate CourtH 6hether +s state& or in $uin,ona not M was %s'1987) Cara,ueH ?ualifie& 19) to SC1+ for 5n the !ourse of the pro!ee&in,sH issue& woul& :e punisha:le as a newspapers !ri run e an& $'1' No' 7##27H 8ar!h 20H 221H 3he e :ills :ership the whi!h presi&ential in the 9+13 @ouse alone &e!rees ofSe!retar" 1epresentati%es authore& an& for were the linDe& the na e of Senator >' pro%i&in, &e 7eon tointhe authori=e& the -epart ent to pres!ri:e 1992 appropriation appro%e& ele!tion :"for of the &epen&s fun&s @ouse to on pa" of the 1epresentati%es the !ir!u pu:li! stan!es' &e:t&efines &o are not s!an&al' the penalt" su!h %iolation' 5f the law %iolate %ali& :e!ause Se!tion 29(1)H was +rti!le a &e fa!to of the offi!er Constitution' !ertain a!ts ashe %iolations ofE5 the law an&&urin, aDes !i%"i$ ine5 0ode% o# Re+o*a 6199:7 Senator &e 7eon tooD the floor of the Senate to 3he" his in!u pro%i&e :en!"' for3he a !ontinuin, a!ts ofpleH a &e appropriationH fa!to there are the punisha:leH for e0a with i offi!er prison ent 5f No' M was 11: * an @ow 5lle,iti a" the ate followin, !hil&H he in :e is not repri%ile,eC ?ualifie& o%e& to speaD on a C the atter of personal to is %ali& no insofar !onstitutional as pu:li! prohi:ition !on!erne&' a,ainst this' 3he of three (3) "ears or a is fine the a (People ount of run for the @ouse ofa,ainst 1epresentati%es' +!!or&in, fro$ar!iaH offi!e: 1) Senators 4 P1999Q)' Con,ress en 2) %in&i!ate his honor C:aseless an& presi&ential %' 313 &e!rees SC1+ 279 appropriate as u!h P10H000'00H or :oth su!h i those prison ent an& one" fineH to >u&,es the !ase of lower of !ourts re 8allareH 3) Affi!ers 29an& SC1+ #2H an ali!iousC alle,ations' 3he atter was referre& to as is nee&e& toin pa" the prin!ipalH interestH ta0es in the &is!retion of the !ourtH !an it :e pro%i&e& in E Trib-na 5 HRET 0e+ber%J Rig't B ille,iti ate !hil& follows the !iti=enship of the e e"tora plo"ees in the Ci%il Ser%i!e the Co ittee on +!!ounta:ilit" of Pu:li! an& other nor al :anDin, !har,es on the loan' i ple entin, rules an& re,ulations Re%$on%ibi 689987 other' Sin!e the of !on&u!t Ment is aSe!retar" 8e0i!anH he Affi!ersH whi!h pro!ee&e& to a le,islati%e +lthou,h no itie% spe!ifi! a-epart ounts are entione&H the pro ul,ate& :" theother that SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: No 5E' 5n an ele!tion !aseH the @ouse will :e a 8e0i!an !iti=en if he is an ille,iti ate in?uir"' 3he Co ittee asDe& 8r' Ein!e a ounts are !ertain :e!ause the" !an :e their %iolation will also :e su:;e!t to the sa of e 1) 5n a!!or&an!e with +rt' 555H se!tion 1)(3)H of the 1epresentati%es /le!toral 3ri:unal ren&ere& a !hil&H e%en if his father is a Filipino' 7e&es aH a :usiness an linDe& to the transa!tion !o pute& fro the :ooDs of the National 3reasur"' penalties as those pro%i&e& in law itselfL &e!ision ConstitutionH Senators an& the Con,ress ele!tion protest en a" :e of an& now a uphol&in, respon&ent :efore the San&i,an:a"anH /0plain "our answer full"' (2N) 5f M is a le,iti ate !hil&H he is a Filipino !iti=en' re o%e& :" their /MP<7S5AN for &isor&erl" protestant +H a e :er of the Free&o Part"H to appear an& to testif" :efore the Co ittee' <n&er SU22ESTE! Se!tion 2(2)H +rti!le of of the ConstitutionH a,ainst :eha%iorH protestee with ANS4ER: the 9H !on!urren!e a e5E:er ofatthe least Fe&eral two* A$$ro$riation o# P-b i" P-b i" those 3he whose an& fathers re,ulations are !iti=ens pro ul,ate& the Philippines the thir&srules of all&e!i&in, the e %ote :ers the F-nd%5 @ouse to:" whi!h Part"' 3he inof fa%or of + was !ast :" P-r$o%e% 8r 7e&es 619887 a refuses to appear an& file suit :efore are Se!retar" Filipino of !iti=ens' @u an @a:itat Sin!e !annot M was pro%i&e :orn in that the 1epresentati%e the" :elon,' 5nMHa&&itionH a e :er the" of a" the also Fe&eral :e No' 7: * in 3awi*3awi is a of pre&o inantl" 8osle the Supre e!onse?uen!e Court tofollows !hallen,e the le,alit" of the <nite& penalties for whi!h their %iolation ;us soliH :e Mthe is!ontest also sa an e re o%e& anwill ele!tion Part" ' StatesH pro%in!e' 3he $o%ernorH the Ei!e*$o%ernorH an& pro!ee&in,s :efore the Co ittee' @e also asDs + as eri!an the penalties !iti=en' for 5nor the a!!or&an!e %iolation of with the+=nar law' +s %s' file& with the Senate @ouse of 1epresentati%es For ha%in, %ote& a,ainst his part" ateH e :ers of Co its San,,unian, Panlalawi,an are all whether the ittee ha& the power to re?uire Co hel& in issionH <nite& on States /le!tionsH %' 9arriasH 182 SC1+ 11 Phil' 703H 327 the /le!toral 3ri:unal' 8osle 1epresentati%e s' 5ts :u&,et M was pro%i&es re o%e& the :" $o%ernor 1esolution of a hi tofa!t testif"' (1908)H ere the a person fi0in, with of the &ual penalt" !iti=enship for re,istere& !ri with inal 2) an +s to >u&,esH +rt' E555H se!' of the the @ouse of 1epresentati%esH at the instan!e of !ertain ain%ol%es ount as &is!retionar" fun&s' as offenses alien with the the Cohis e0er!ise ission on of 11 5le,islati%e i,ration ConstitutionH '''' 1e!entl"H his part" (the howe%erH Fe&eral the Part")H San,,unian, fro 3he ePanlalawi,an :ership in an& power -eportation an& !annot &oes :e not &ele,ate&' ne!essaril" law ean itself that 5&entif" the issues an& M resol%e the ' as the @1/3' 1epresentati%e proteste& his a passe& a resolution appropriatin, P100H000 he ustis pres!ri:e renoun!in, the 5n%ol%e& penalt"' his Philippine !iti=enship' SU22ESTE! 3) +s to&is!retionar" Ci%il Ser%i!e ANS4ER: / that plo"eesH +rt'on 5M*9' spe!ial re o%al on the ,roun& fun& of he the %ote& $o%ernorH the :asis to' :e 7iDewiseH the ere fa!t that M use& an + Se!' eri!an !e 3he egation issues in%ol%e& o# Po1er%5 in this 6>?<899A7 !ase are followin,: 2(3) ofe%i&en!e the Constitution'''' of the presente& an& !onten&e& that spent :"&i& hi in lea&in, a pil,ri a,e of he his passport not result in the loss ofthe his Philippine (2) Se!tion 32 of 1epu:li! +!t No' #)70 (3he pro%in!e ha& se!urit" ates ofhel& to tenure 8e!!aH as aSau&i @1/3 +ra:iaH 8e :er 5sla an&Bs !iti=enship' +s in GawaDita %s' <ntie& StatesH 8a,na Carta for Pu:li! S!hool 3ea!hers) rea&s: 1 !i%"i$ ine5 6hether S-%$en%ion or the o# Supre a 0e+ber e Court o# has t'e that he!it"' !annot :enot reperson o%e& e0!ept for a %ali& holiest 3#3 <'S' 717H sin!e a with &ual !iti=enship ;uris&i!tion Congre%% 689987 to entertain the !ase; !ause' has the ri,hts of !iti=enship in :oth !ountriesH the Se!' Penal Pro%ision' R + person whois shall 2 No 55' 6hether Sipassport eon or Ealera not the was Co for ittee erl" a onPro%in!ial use of*32' a issue& :" one !ountr" not willfull" interfere withH restrain !oer!e an" Phil!onsaH on !onstitutional ,roun&sH has file& 6ith +!!ounta:ilit" $o%ernor whose who !ontention of ran Pu:li! an& Affi!ers &o won "ou asa,reeH has a or 8e the that :er power of of the to the in!onsistent with his !iti=enship in the other suit tea!her to nullif" in resolution e0er!ise of ofhis the ri,hts San,,unian, ,uarantee& Fe&eral in%esti,ate Part" a the or atter that whi!h of 1epresentati%e is in%ol%e& in ML a !ase 6h"L @ouse of 1epresentati%es for the Se!on& !ountr"' :" thisin+!t or who shall in an" other anner Panlalawi,an pen&in, !ourt; ,i%in, an& the spe!ial &is!retionar" (2N) Con,ressional -istri!t of lloilo' For %iolation of ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: fun& 3 !o to the 6hether it $o%ernor a!t or to not for &efeat the the petitioner state& an" Corrupt ofpurpose' the !an pro%isions in%oDe @ow Se!tion 3 an" of the +nti*$raft an& Pra!ti!es 5f 5 a,ree Mri,ht has with taDen the an !ontention oath ofas alle,ian!e of 1epresentati%e to the <'S' M' +s he his of this a,ainst +!t shallH self*in!ri upon !on%i!tionH ination' :e punishe& woul& "ou &e!i&e the !aseL $i%e "our reasons' +!t (1'+' No'3019)H a en&e&H alle,e&l" hel& 5n 9on&o! %' Pine&aH 201 792 (1991)H will &eeofwhen e& to ha%e renoun!e& Philippine :":e a fine not less than oneSC1+ hun&re& pesos nor !o itte& he was still his a Pro%in!ial SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the e :ers of the @ouse of 1epresentati%es !iti=enship' he is &is?ualifie& to run ore than one thousan& pesosH or :" $o%ernorH aConse?uentl"H !ri inal !o plaint was file& a,ainst 3he resolution isin un!onstitutional FirstH it /le!toral 3ri:unal are to se!urit" of%iolates tenure for @ouse of 1epresentati%es' prison entH theentitle& &is!retion of the !ourt' hi i the :efore the Affi!e of the A :u&s an for art' liDe E5H e upon :ers se!' of 29(2) the ;u&i!iar"' of the Constitution :ership inwhi!h it a" whi!hH a fin&in, of 8e pro:a:le !auseH a prohi:its not ter the inate& appropriation e0!ept for a of ;ust pu:li! !ause' one" -islo"alt" or !ri :e inal !ase was file& with the San&i,an:a"an' 5s the pro%iso the !ourt authorit" Stat-%5 Legiti+ate d 6899:7 to part" is not a,rantin, %ali& ,roun& for the e0pulsion ofto a propert"H &ire!tl" or C'i in&ire!tl"H for the useH :enefit -urin, the !ourse of trialH the San&i,an:a"an i pose aof penalt" or i of prison ent in its in &is!retion No 5E * an 8i,uel Sin was :orn a "ear a,o China e :er the @ouse 1epresentati%es /le!toral or support of an" s"ste of reli,ionH an&H se!on&H issue& or&er of pre%enti%e suspension for 90 to !onstitutionalL a Chinese /0plain an&se!H :riefl"' a Filipino (#N) other @is 3ri:unal' 5ts father e ust &is!har,e their it !ontra%enes art' E5H 22()) whi!h li its the &a"s a,ainst hi ':ers SU22ESTE! parents with et inof Shan,hai the"onl" were fun!tions iANS4ER: partialit"where an& fun&s appropriation &is!retionar" for pu:li! purposes'

No' 3he e0pression ,eneral Co 9: +' appropriation +fter ittee of a !on,ressional on 2 +!!ounta:ilit" Fe:ruar" law for 1987H poli!" their of respe!ti%e Pu:li! the in respe!t Philippine of offi!es fro sa%in,s in 5tea :u&,etar" s the of Affi!ers au, National entation has 9anD no fro power (PN9) sa%in,s to other in%esti,ate than ,rants a their s!an&al' loan to respe!ti%e appropriations'C (no pro%ision' Con,ress ;u&i!ial 5t fun!tions)''' an is therefore M' 5s the an loan inappropriate %iolati%e of the pro%ision an& it shoul& :e treate& as an ite for ConstitutionL 3he 5n Philippine petitioner Constitution !an in%oDe his %s /nri?ue=H a,ainst 232 self* SC1+ purposes of the %eto power ofri,ht the Presi&ent' Suppose loan ha& instea& :een in!ri 20)H 2##H inationH the :e!ause Supre ethis Court ri,ht hel& is a%aila:le that a ,rante& pro%ision in all in 3he Supre e+ppropriation Court shoul& uphol& the %ali&it" of pro!ee&in,s' :efore the $eneral 2 Fe:ruar" Sin!e 1987H the petitioner :ut +!t was authori=in, is outstan&in, a respon&ent the on Chief the %eto in the e%ent the to ?uestion is :rou,ht that &ate with a :efore re ainin, :alan!e on the in of the Staff !ase to use pen&in, sa%in,s au, the San&i,an:a"anH ent the fun&s of the :efore it' he prin!ipal +FP a" 1etire refuse in the ent toatestif"' an& ount Separation of P20H000'00H 9enefits !anS"ste the s PN9 %ali&l" ,i%e Con,ress M an e0tension of as was un!onstitutional' C6hile an Se!tion 22(2) allows La1 La1<0aIing5 0aIing5 Pro"e%% Pa%%age B o#P-b a the La1 i"ation 619887 6199:7 ti an e e0!eption after sai&the &ate reali,n to settle ent of o:li,ationL sa%in,s to au, ent No' SU22ESTE! 2; * 2' + Chen,H :ill ANS4ER: upon afilin, :usiness :" a Senator anH has or no a for the ite 12: s /rnest in the ,eneral appropriations law Dnowle&,e 8e +' 6hether :er of :ran!hH the of orle,islati%e not @ouse the of loan pro!e&ure' 1epresentati%es is %iolati%e Chen, of the ,oes 1987 e0e!uti%e su!h ri,ht ust an& !an :e Constitution &epen&s upon itsit purpose' 5f it was retains throu,h "ou spe!ifie& as his le,al a&%iser :efore an& lea%es asDs the e0er!ise& onl" :" steps the Presi&ent pursuant to a spe!ifi! enli,hten @ouse o:taine& 1epresentati%es ent a on :usiness the followin, purposeH or the atters: SenateH it is %iolati%e as the of law'C of for (1) 6hen a5f :ill :e!oo:taine& e ale,islatureH lawfor e%en the Constitution' it was so without e other !ase a" &oes :e' +fter lea%in, the please the si,nature of the Presi&entL na purposeH e the e','H three for etho&s housin,' :"5twhi!h is notsai& %iolati%e :ill of a" the (2) La1<0aIing5 6hen the A$$ro$riation law taDe effe!tL Rider Constitution :e!ause un&er Se!tion La15 1)H +rti!le M5' :e!o e a&oes law' SU22ESTE! Pro*i%ion 8e :ers 689917 of ANS4ER: Con,ress are prohi:ite& fro 1) + No :ill <n&er E55 passe& * Se!tion Suppose :" Con,ress 27(1)H that,o%ern +rti!le the a" forth!o E5 :e!o of the in, e a $eneral law in o:tainin, loans fro ent*owne& :anDs ConstitutionH an" +ppropriations of the followin, a 7aw :e!o !ases: for Oear es 5fa it 2002H law is si,ne& e%en in the without into portion law onl" if it is for a:ill :usiness purpose' the :" pertainin, the si,nature Presi&ent' toof the (+rt' Presi&ent -epart E5H ent if he %etoe& of /&u!ationH it :ut se!'an& 27(1))' his Culture %eto was SportsH o%erri&en will:" !ontain two*thir&s a pro%ision %ote of all to the 5f the ethat loan was ,rante& :efore an& the effe!ti%it" of the effe!t :ers the of1eser%e :oth the Affi!ers Senate 3rainin, the @ouse Course 5f it isConstitution re*passe& o%er the the the on Fe:ruar" 2H %eto 1987H the of (1A3C) 1epresentati%es in all !olle,es an& an& 5f Presi&entBs the uni%ersities Presi&ent faile& is:" here:" to %ote of two thir&s of lieu all9anD the :ers of the Philippine National !annot e0ten& its !o a:olishe&H uni!ate an& hisin %eto to thereof the e @ouse all fro ale whi!h !olle,e @ouse 1epresentati%es an& of the Senate' aturit" after Fe:ruar" 1987H if the loan was the stu&ents :ill of ori,inate&H shall :e re?uire& within 2H thirt" to plant &a"s ten after the &ate (5&') (10) treesfor e%er" "ear two (2) "ears in areas to o:taine& a :usiness purpose' 5n su!h a !ase of re!eipt of the :ill :" for the Presi&ent' :e &esi,nate& the -epart ent of /n%iron ent the e0tension is:" a finan!ial a!!o o&ation whi!h 5f the Presi&ent fails %eto within thirt" &a"s 2) +sNatural hel& in 3ana&a %s' 3u%eraH 1#) SC1+ ##)H a an& 1esour!es in it!oor&ination with the is also prohi:ite& :" to the Constitution' after re!eipt an& !o uni!ate the %eto an& law ustent :e thereof pu:lishe& as aCulture !on&ition for its -epart of /&u!ationH an& Sports to 0the ti<Party @ouse Sy%te+ fro whi!h 619997 it ori,inate&H (5&') effe!ti%it" an& in a!!or&an!e with +rti!le 25toffurther the the lo!al ,o%ern ent unit !on!erne&' No M5E * -is!uss the erits an& &e erits of the:e Ci%il Co&eH it shall taDe effe!t fifteen &a"s followin, pro%i&es that the sa e pro%ision shall ulti*part" s"ste ' (2N) the !o pletion its pu:li!ation in the Affi!ial +!ts' in!orporate& 5n of future $eneral appropriations Legi% SU22ESTE! Po1er5 Pre%= AF-inoJ% 619997 $a=ette in aANS4ER: newspaper ofappropriation ,eneralTi+e !ir!ulation 3here ati*e is or no spe!ifi! ite of of fun&s + ulti*part" s"ste pro%i&es %oters with a unless is otherwise pro%i&e&' (/0e!uti%e Ar&er for the itpurpose'Co ent on the !onstitutionalit" No' 1; *pro%ision' /0e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1 Co&e an&an& 2of issue& :" s ,reater !hoi!e of !an&i&atesH i&easH platfor 292H 1e%ise& +& inistrati%e 1989) of sai& (2N) Presi&ent Cora=on +?uino !reate& the partiesH instea& of li itin, C' their !hoi!e to two SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Presi&ential on $oo& $o%ern whose i&easCo a" ission :e sterile' 5t also lea%esent roo La1<0aIing5 3he&eser%in, pro%ision A$$ro$riation is un!onstitutionalH &i :e!ause (PC$$) an& e!an&i&ates powere& it to se?uester an" it is a for who are6199?7 not a!!epta:le No 2: +re the followin, :ills file& Con,ress ri&er' Se!tion 22(2)H +rti!le E5 of the Constitution propert" shown pri a the fa!ie to :e ill*,otten wealth to those who !ontrol two &oin inant parties to !onstitutionalL pro%i&esH CNo pro%ision or his ena!t ent an& shall :e of thepu:li! late Presi&ent 8ar!osH relati%es seeD offi!e' :ill ori,inatin, fro the Senate whi!h e +:ra!e& in the ,eneral appropriations :ill unless it !ronies' /0e!uti%e Ar&er No' 1# %ests on the An pro%i&es the spe!ifi!all" other for the han&H !reation a e of ulti*part" the s"ste <tilit" relates to so parti!ular appropriation San&i,an:a"an ;uris&i!tion to tr" Pu:li! hi&&en wealth a" Co ission re,ulate pu:li! ser%i!e aDe it &iffi!ult to o:tainof a sta:le an& worDa:le therein'C 3he a:olition the 1eser%e Affi!ers !ases' An +prilto 1#H 198)H after an in%esti,ationH !o panies an&in%ol%es appropriatin, initial fun&s a;orit"H sin!e pro:a:l" no the part" ,et ain 3rainin, Course a poli!" atter' +s hel& the PC$$ se?uestere& the assets of Mwill nee&e& thethe sa e' /0plain' a;orit"'to esta:lish 7iDewiseH opposition :e Philippine Constitution +sso!iation %s' will /nri?ue=H CorporationH 5n!' M CorporationH 5n!' !lai e& that SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: + :ill pro%i&in, for the weaDene& there are se%eral inorit" 232 SC1+if20) (199#)H this !annot :e parties' in!orporate& Presi&ent !reation +?uinoH of the as Pu:li! Presi&entH <tilit" !oul& Co not ission lawfull" to issue in the $eneral +ppropriations +!t :ut ust :e Non<Legi% ati*e Po1er% 619887 re,ulate pu:li! ser%i!e !o panies an& /0e!uti%e Nos' 1H 2 an& 1#H whi!h e :o&ie& in a Ar&ers separate law' appropriatin, No' 12: 7e,islati%e fun&sof nee&e& powers to ha& esta:lish :een %este& it a" :" ha%e the for!e lawH on the ,roun& that ori,inate the Constitution fro the in the 5t isCon,ress' Con,ress not an of the le,islation is aSenate' fun!tion of -e!i&e' La1<0aIing55n Foreign A##air%5 Treatie% 6199?7 appropriation :illH :e!ause the ofalso Philippines' a&&itionH the appropriation Constitution Sai& No 2:!orporation +re the also ?uestione& :ills file& in the Con,ress %ali&it" of:ill' pu:li! fun&s isfollowin, not the prin!ipal purpose of the ,rante& the law aDin, :o&"H non*le,islati%e the !onstitutionalL threeGin&l" e0e!uti%e 2) or&ers :ill !reatin, on the a,roun& ;oint that the" 5n +sso!iation of S+e all 7an&owners of the powers' na fi%e of the latter' are SU22ESTE! le,islati%e*e0e!uti%e :ills of attain&er ANS4ER: an&H !o thereforeH ission to ,i%eH on PhilippinesH 5n!' %s' Se!retar" of +,rarian 1efor un!onstitutional' Con,ress :ehalf of the has SenateH -e!i&e' theits followin, a&%i!eH !onsent non*le,islati%e an& 172 SC1+ 3#3H it was hel& that a law is not an SU22ESTE! !on!urren!e toANS4ER: treaties powers: appropriate

(1) national of :ill !an%assers entere& easure into if a!t the :"as appropriation the Presi&ent' of 3he pu:li! fun&s !ontains is :e 3he3o !ontention of M :oar& Corporation shoul&

for an& Ei!e Presi&ent' (+rt' E55H se!' #)' not the Presi&ent its ,ui&elines prin!ipal to purpose :e followe& an& the :" the appropriation !o ission is re;e!te&' /0e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1H 2 an& 1# were onl" 5n the in!i&ental &is!har,e toof so its e fun!tions' other o:;e!ti%e' /0plain' Cora=on issue& in 198)' +t that ti e Presi&ent (2) 3o &e!i&e whether the Presi&ent is SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: +?uino e0er!ise& le,islati%e power Se!tion 1H te poraril" in the e%ent he reassu es La1<0aIing5 + :ill !reatin, aA$$ro$riation ;oint le,islati%e*e0e!uti%e La15 A-to+ati" +rti!le 55 &isa:le& of the Pro%isional Constitution his after Ca:inetH :" a the a;orit" of %ote Rene1a !o offi!e ission B :" Po1er to the ,i%eH o# on A-g+entation :ehalf of SenateH 619987 its of esta:lishe& Pro!la ation NoH 3H pro%i&e&: its e *!onsent :ersH &e!lare& that he is una:le toa :u&,et No M5' Suppose the Presi&ent su: its a&%i!eH an& !on!urren!e to treaties &is!har,e powers an& &uties of his offi!e an& C<ntil &oes a the le,islature is ele!te& an& !on%ene& whi!h not !ontain pro%isions for C-F entere& into :" the Presi&ent' 3he Senate !annot now within fi%e &a"s insists that the Presi&ent is (Countr"wi&e un&er a new -e%elop !onstitutionH ent the Presi&ent popularl" shall &ele,ate this fun!tion to su!h a Fun&s)H !o issionH reall" una:le to &is!har,e the powers an& &uties !ontinue to e0er!ise le,islati%e power'C Dnown as the porD :arrelH an& :e!ause of this :e!ause un&er Se!tion 21H +rti!le E55 of the of the presi&en!"' (+rt' E55H se!' 11) Con,ress &oes not pass the :u&,et' ConstitutionH the !on!urren!e of at least two* 7iDewiseH Se!tion )H itself +rti!le of the thir&s of the Senate is ME555 re?uire& for1987 the 1' Constitution 6ill that ofrea&s: ean parali=ation of ,o%ern ent ratifi!ation treaties' (3) 3o !on!ur in the ,rant of !ontinue a :" the operations 3he in!u in :ent the ne0t Presi&ent fis!al shall "ear for nest" la!D of to an Presi&ent' E55H se!' 19)H t'e La1<0aIing5 e0er!ise (+rt' le,islati%e O*erriding power until Pre%identia the first (eto appropriation lawL (2N) Con,ress is !on%ene&'C 619917 (#) 3o initiate the @ouse of 2' No' Suppose 2: 3he Presi&ent in the throu,h sa si,ns e :u&,etH into law there the is a spe!ial 1epresentati%es an&H throu,h the SenateH toshe tr" all pro%ision 5n the !ase in the of +!t Gapatiran appropriations n, for ,athe Na,lilin,Do& +r :ut e& sa +ppropriations passe& :" Con,ress !ases of i pea!h ent a,ainst the Presi&entH Ei!e For!es Pa a*halaan authori=in, n,ite Pilipinas' the Chief 5n!' of a StaffH %'on, 3anH +FPH 1)3 su:;e!t SC1+ %etoes separate s thereinH whi!h is a Presi&entH the 8e :ers of the Supre e not CourtH the to thethe appro%al of Se!retar" of National 371' Supre ethe Court rule& that the Pro%isional pro%ision statin, that the Presi&ent a" 8e :ersan of use the Constitutional issions an& -efenseH to sa%in,s the Co appropriations Constitution an& the in 1987 ConstitutionH in!rease ite of appropriation :" transfer of :oth the A :u&s anH for !ulpa:le %iolationfinan!ial of pro%i&e& thereto to !o%er re!o,ni=e& the power of thewhate%er presi&ent tothe e0er!ise sa%in,s fro other ite s' up ConstitutionH treasonH :ri:er"H ,raft an& !orruptionH losses suffere& :" the +FP ent an& le,islati%e powers until the 1etire first Con,ress !reate& other 3he @ouse hi,h !ri of 1epresentati%es esH orS"ste :etra"al of !hooses pu:li! notlast to (+rt' Separation 9enefits (1S9S) in trust' the un&er the 1987 Constitution was !on%ene& on >ul" M5H se!s' 2*3)'%eto' o%erri&e this 3he SenateH howe%erH fi%e (2) "ears &ue to alle,e& :a& :usiness 27H 1987' (2) /0e!uti%e Ar&ers Nos' 1H 2 an& 1#o%erri&e are not pro!ee&s !onsi&er options: (1) to ;u&, ent'to 6oul& "ou two ?uestion the :ills of attain&er' '''' !onstitutionalit" the %eto an& (2) %ali&it" to !hallen,e of thethe spe!ial !onstitutionalit" pro%isionL (2) 3o a!t as a !onstituent foroption the P3NQ of the %eto :efore the Supre easse Court':l" a) 5s re%ision or a en& ent the Constitution' (+rt' SU22ESTE! Legi% ati*e ANS4ER: 619897 (1) %ia:leL 5fPo1er% so' what isof the %ote ME55)' 1' No' NoH 1#: the +n failure e0istin, of law Con,ress ,rants to ,o%ern pass the ent re?uire& to o%erri&e theto %etoL 5s option (2) :u&,et e plo"ees will the not option paral"=e retire the :) operations upon rea!hin, of the the Non<Legi% ati*e Po1er%5 E+ergen"y Po1er%5 %ia:leL not' wh" an& notL 5f $o%ern a,e of 5f 27 ent' "ears !o pletion of at least 30 ReF-i%ite% 619977 Se!tion %ia:leH 22(7)H how shoul& +rti!le the E5 Court of &e!i&e the Constitution the "ears of total ,o%ern ent ser%i!e' +s a fis!al No' 11: -urin, a perio& of of national e !aseL SU22ESTE! pro%i&es: C5fH :" the en& an" of fis!al "earH the retren!h ent easureH the Affi!e theer,en!"' Presi&ent Con,ress a" ,rant e er,en!" powers to the ANS4ER: Con,ress ha%e faile& to Cir!ular pass the re?uirin, ,eneral later issue&shall a 8e oran&u Presi&entH State the !on&itions un&er whi!h su!h (a) Aption 1 is not %ia:le in asensuin, u!h as the @ouse appropriations :ill foran the fis!al "earH ph"si!al in!apa!it" as a&&itional !on&ition for %esture is allowe&' ofthe 1epresentati%esH fro of whi!h the ,eneral for+ppropriations the pre!e&in, optional retire appropriations ent a,e )2law "ears' + ,o%ern ent SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: +!t ori,inate& an& to &ee whi!h the Presi&ent ust fis!al "ear shall :e e& reena!te& shall e plo"eeH whose appli!ation for an& optional <n&er Se!tion 23(2)H +rti!le E5 of the Constitution' ha%e the lawH is unwillin, to was o%erri&e the re returne& ain for!e an& effe!t until the ,eneral retire ent in was &enie& :e!ause he :elow )2 Con,ress a" ,rant the Presi&ent e:asis er,en!" presi&ential 3here isHph"si!all" thereforeH no for appropriations is passe& :" the in!apa!itate&H Con,ress' "ears of a,e%eto' an&:ill was not powers to!ourt the followin, !on&itions: the Senate to e%en !onsi&er the possi:ilit" of file& an su:;e!t a!tion in ?uestionin, the &isappro%al o%erri&in, the Presi&entBs %eto' the oran&u of his appli!ation !lai in, that<n&er the 8e (1) 3here a war other national e er,en!": SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Constitution the %ote of!ontention two*thir& of all the Cir!ular isis %oi&' 5sor the of the e plo"ee (2) 3he ,rant of e er,en!" powers ust :e for of 2'e OesH the pro%ision authori=in, the Chief :ers of the @ouse of 1epresentati%es an& !orre!tL /0plain' a li ite& perio&; StaffH with %otin, the appro%al of will the:e Se!retar" the SenateH separatel"H nee&e& to of (3) 3he ,rant of e er,en!" powers is SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: National o%erri&e the -efenseH presi&ential to use %eto' sa%in,s tosu:;e!t !o%er to the su!h the restri!tions as a" pres!ri:e; OesH !ontention ofthe the +FP e plo"ee is !orre!t' 5n losses suffere& :"Con,ress 1etire ent an& 8arasi,an Cru=H S"ste 120 SC1 1H it was hel& that Separation %s' 9enefits is + un!onstitutional' (#) e er,en!" powers ust :e e0er!ise& (:) 3he 5t is a not feasi:le to ?uestion the !onstitutionalit" su!h e oran&u !ir!ular is %oi&' to 9" !arr" out a5ssues &e!lare& national poli!"' Se!tion +llthe of these %eto 22(2QH :efore +rti!le were the E5 Supre of resol%e& the e Constitution Court' in an the 5n a&&itional $on=ales !ase of intro&u!in, ph"si!al !apa!it" as pro%i&es: %s' 8a!arai,H CNo 191 law shall SC1+ :e 122H passe& the Supre authori=in, e Court an" 9en,=on %s' for Senate 9lue 1i::on Co itteeH !on&ition optional retire entH the transfer uphel& the of appropriations; !onstitutionalit" howe%erH of a the %eto' Presi&entH <n&er 203 7)7'!ir!ular trie& e SC1+ oran&u tosi a ilar en& the law' the +rti!le Presi&ent Se!' of 27(2) the SenateH of the ConstitutionH the a of &istin!t the Su!h aE5H power is lo&,e& with the SpeaDer le,islati%e :ran!h 3he not Supre e Court has o%er theof !ase @ouse se%era:le of 1epresentati%esH part of the ;uris&i!tion $eneral the Chief +ppropriations >usti!e the an& with the e0e!uti%e :ran!h' Supre (&etera"ination a!t e :e CourtH the of su:;e!t an& ,ra%e the of a:use hea&s a separate of of&is!retion)'''' Constitutional %eto' Loan% E,tended topro%ision 0e+ber% o#not Congre%% Co 8oreo%erH issions the %etoe& a"H :" lawH :e authori=e& &oes relate to to 619917 au, an" parti!ular ent an" ite appropriation in the an& is ore an

-eter now 1e%olutionH !orre!tness (:) -i& !onte ine $en' /rnest plates of with &e the Sil%a &e!isions reasons pu:li! &e!i&e& %iolate ser%i!e to of the the li%e the Constitution :ut per le,alit" Supre without anentl" e of inin the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Philippine 1epresentati%es !iti=enship for a upon thir& rea!hin, ' 3his the ter a,e shoul& of +ssu e that "ou are a ter e :er of the @ouse losin, the Court i PhilippinesH e&iatel" as the final fle0i:ilit" assu ar:iter where in, toof en,a,e he offi!e all prospere& ;usti!ia:le prior in !orporate to as a &isputes a affairs is 1)a;orit" + is senior to 9' 5nputation a!!or&an!e with the appoint ents an& the &is:urse ents for salaries :e in!lu&e& to :e in !onsi&ere& the !o a natural of the :orn ter li rulin, itsH /le!toral 3ri:unal where the petition for !iti=en 9rownBs or parti!ipate :usiness !on!lusi%e !onfir ation an' upon of in -urin, his professional all appoint other the &epart 8a" entL a!ti%ities 11H ents 1993 within of ele!tionH the in Su %s' A=aeta' 81 Phil' 72#H the a& :" &is!ussin, the !onstitutional %ali&it" of Se!tions an& e%en ?ualifie& if C+C &i& to not run ser%e for Con,ress' for a full ter 1epu:li! '&e!i&e (1e!or& +!t of ouster is ers pen&in,' @ow woul& "ou the (!) +re ran the appoint ent &esi,nation %ali&L ethi!al /rnest ,o%ern :oun&s' ent; an& the won A as :u&s aan& !on,ress an has no an' power @is to No' the interi Constitutional )809 appoint re&u!e& ent Co the e0ten&e& a;orit" issionH to Eol' +to nH isei,hteen p' per 292') anent @e 2) an& 31 of 1'+' No' )972' (2N) three issues raise& a,ainst hi a,e L SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: opponentH re%iew the notin, &e!isions /rnestBs of theChinese Supre an!estr"H e Court :" file& a re SU22ESTE! (18) an& aine& is "ears' effe!ti%e a 8e Cuen!o ANS4ER: upon :er of his %'the Se!retar" a!!eptan!e @ouse ofof althou,h >usti!eHit 2 is 3aDin, (a) 3he 3he appoint into Presi&ent a!!ount of the !orre!t' 8atapan, prohi:itions <n&er an& Presi&ential an& 8ahi,pit petition entertainin, to &is?ualif" a ents !o is plaint the latter a,ainst on the the >usti!es followin, of are 1epresentati%es 3he SC1+ first 108 an& re!o,ni=e& thir& e%en ,roun&s if he three was ha%e suspen&e&' (3) no"ears erit' fro 9ut su:;e!t to !onfir ation :" the Co ission on -e!ree No' 3)0H the ,ra&e of four*star ,eneral is inhi:itions ,roun&s; the %ali& Supre e%en (1) of e if /rnest pu:li! Court the" offi!e for Chen, were Dnowin,l" whether is not not !onfir a ren&erin, as natural Senator e& :o an :" or the rea!hin, the se!on& wellof taDen an&Has thereforeH 9rown +ppoint ents' theisa,e a;orit" the reasona:le !onferre& onl" upon the Chief of Staff' Se!retar"H Filipino; un;ust Co ission &e!ision' an& he (2) on turns he +ppoint is to un&era,e&' "ou for entsH a&%i!e :e!ause -e!i&e' to@en!eH resol%e the"the his are perio& shoul& :e for &is?ualifie&' ele!tin, Philippine !iti=enship' Sin!e SECON! ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: 2) 1o:ert 5f Con,ress a&;ourne& without the appoint ents appoint of pu:li! 1enato &e Sil%a as a four*star 1' 9rown is )809 a natural :orn !iti=en of the &ile a on, not a' ent 6hat the is "ouroffi!ials a&%i!eL whose /0plain appoint :riefl"' ents 1epu:li! +!t No' tooD effe!t in 1989 an& SU22ESTE! +rti!le M5H ust Se!tion ANS4ER: 1!onfir of e& theto 1987 ,eneral :e &ee !arr" withfirst it his of + an& 9 ha%in, :een !onfir e& :" the Philippines' + person :orn of a Filipino other (2N) are re?uire& to :e e& :"Constitution the senten!e there is no showin, that Ei!tor +h a& ele!te& ARTICLE VII SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 1) /rnest !annot :e offi!ers &is?ualifie&''''' pro%i&es appoint that ent as pu:li! Chief of Staff ust at +FPH all Constitution' ti es :e Co anission on +ppoint entsH + !annot return an& alien father :efore >anuar" 17H "ears 1973H whoto of +rti!le E55H Se!tion 1) of of the the Philippine !iti=enship within three (3) fro 5 shall a&%ise >+1 run S/N+3A1' +s a!!ounta:le the to people' Se!tion 22 ofSC1+ thea 239 Executive thereafter his ol& position' upon rea!hin, +s hel& the in Su ersa;orit" %s' (=aetaH ele!t +!!or&in, toto 8analo %' for Sisto=aH 312 the ti e he rea!he& the a,e of of a;orit" on Depa (:) $en' 1enato &e &i& not %iolate SenatorH 2) /rnest he is !an not retain his 31 in%est @a%in, ents :een inthe his :orn on A :u&s an +!tun&er*a,e&' pro%i&es that the Affi!e of the Philippine 81 Phil' !iti=enshipH 72#H :" he is a!!eptin, a of an the a& interi (1999)H Se!tions 2) Sil%a an& of 1epu:li! +!t )972 -e!e :ert!e"t 1)H 199CH is!iti=en not ?ualifie& to run for P#%e & <n&er Acti"$ v'( Constitution he i e&iatel" assu e& offi!e 8a" 9H 19)2H he was o%er twent"*fi%e "ears ol& on :usinessH althou,h he ust a full &is!losure A :u&s anwhen has the power toaDe in%esti,ate an" Philippines (+rt' 5EH se!' 1(3))' +rt' 5EH se!H appoint ent to a new positionH + wai%e& his ri,ht are un!onstitutionalH :e!ause Con,ress !annot :" App#i"ti"$ Con,ress' Pe !a"e"t App#i"t!e"t )*++,:efore the !onfir ation of his appoint entH sin!e of his the &ate :usiness of thean& 8a" finan!ial 11H 1993 interests ele!tion' an& (/le!tion notif" is also &ee e& a natural*:orn !iti=en' serious is!on&u!t alle,e&l" !o itte& :" tohe hol& his ol& position' An the other han&H sin!e 9 law e0pan& the list of pu:li! offi!ials re?uire& to :e 2 No E !onsulte& * 6hat ise new the nature:er of an Ca!tin, his ent was an interi appoint 5f he on -e!e 1)H 1991H 5 was hel& on 8a" 11H 1992)' Se!tion )H +rti!le E5 of the appoint Senate of athe potential !onfli!t of interest he offi!ials re o%a:le :" i a& pea!h ent for the ifent' &i& not assu e the positionH he retaine& his !onfir e& :" Co ission on +ppoint ents' appoint entC to a ,o%ern ent offi!eL -oes su!h <n&er +rti!le E5 5H Se!' 1) of the ConstitutionH su!h woul& infor hi that he shoul& ele!t Philippine authors the ConstitutionH a :ill' (Se!tion 12H +rti!le !on,ress E5 of en the to 1987 :e at purpose of filin, a re?uires %erifie& plaint for ol& position' Sin!e the appoint ents of!o 8atapan, an& 8ahi,pit an appoint ent that ,i%e the !an appointee the ri,ht to appoint ent is i warrante&' e&iatel" effe!ti%e an& is su:;e!t 2' 3he Constitution re?uiresH a :e on,!onsi&ere& other thin,sH !iti=enship so he a least twent"*fi%e "ears of a,e on the &a" of the Constitution') @e !an !ontinue pra!ti!in, lawH :ut i pea!h ent if 3he A :u&s an !an are %ali&H the &is:urse ents of their salaries an& !lai that the appoint ent willH in ti eH ripen into onl" to &isappro%al :"appear the ission on that a !an&i&ate for e :er of the @ouse of natural :orn !iti=en' he olu ele!tion' !annot personall" as !ounsel :efore entertain the !o %ali&' plaint for Co this purpose' e ents are per anent oneL /0plain' A$$ointing Po1er5 A$$oint+ent% ReF-iring +ppoint or as a result of the ne0t a&;ourn 1epresentati%es ust :e at least 22 "ears of a,e an" !ourt ents of ;usti!eH the /le!toral 3ri:unalsH or ent a SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: >-a T'ree<Ter+ i#i"ation%5 Li+it: Congre%%+en5 Congre%%+en 619997 6199?7 Con#ir+ation5 RA ?97A<Un"on%tit-tiona of the Con,ress' Con Se$aration the &a" of o#the Po1er% ele!tion'C 619887 (+rt' E5H se!' ))'689987 +s ?uasi*;u&i!ial an& other a& inistrati%e :o&ies' +!!or&in, to Se%illa %'&epart Court ofhe +ppeals' No No' 555 13: ** C' MHEi!tor a e +h :er of the the was @ouse :orn on of -e!e :er 9rown No' 22: was Can :orn an" on other 8a" 12H 19)2H ent or &i& a,en!" not 209 of (Se!tion 1#H +rti!le E5 a& of 1987 Constitution') SC1+ P1992QH an 13H a!tin, appoint entthe is A$$ointing Categorie% O##i"ia % No E *)37 An -e!e :er the @en!e Presi&ent 1)H 1972 of a Po1er5 1epresentati%esH Filipino was ser%in, other an& his thir& ano# alien !onse!uti%e father' :e!o e 22 "ears until 8a" 12H 1987' the $o%ern ent ol& re%iew a 1990H &e!ision of erel" te porar"' +s hel& in 8aroho :sar %' (!) 3he appoint an& &esi,nation ofhis $en' &e 619997 <n&er ter in the the law @ouse' ofent his 5n fatherBs >une 199) !ountr"H he was appointe& other si,ne& into law 1epu:li! )972 on 8a" e 11H 1987H when the ele!tion was No' hel&H he Supre CourtL 6h" or wh" notL +!t +lontoH 19# SC1+ a te !reatin, porar" Sil%a are %ali& for reasons a:o%e' @owe%erH +s 1') +' anot e a!?uire 6hat :er of are the the Ca:inetH si0,i%en !ate,ories >+1 !annot of &ire!tl" offi!ials SU22ESTE! (su:se?uentl" ANS4ER: a of en&e& :" P1991QH 1+ No' &i& Se!retar" of National his -efense' fatherBs !iti=enship' Can he run for Ei!tor was # &a"s short the390 re?uire& a,e'8221) appoint !annot :e!o a $o%ern per anent fro another point oflaw %iew the" are not %ali& or in&ire!tl" who areto su:;e!t pra!ti!e to the or appointin, parti!ipate power in an" of the No' 3he ent Supre e Court isan& thee7o!al hi,hest ar:iter of !onsults ele!tion "ou the on Senate -e!e in:er the 21H 1998 1993 ele!tionsL an& infor s the -epart ent of 5nterior ent' appoint entH unless a new appoint whi!h is :e!ause the" were a&e within the perio& of :usiness' Presi&entL @e (2N) will ha%e &i%est self of his le,al Se!tions ?uestions' 2) an& (>a%ier 31 of the %' law Co pro%i&e ele!Hent 1## that SC1+ senior "ou /0plain' of his intention totorun for hi Con,ress in the the per anent is a&e' 3his National hol&s true unless the :an for aDin, appoint <n&er E55H 3' 3he Constitution pro%i&es that those who seeD in%est ents in his :usiness' (Se!tion 13H +rti!le 19# (198))) 3o allow re%iew of its &e!ision :" the 1992 ele!tions' 5s he ents' ?ualifie& to +rti!le runL 6hat offi!ers of the Philippine Poli!e (PNP)H a!tin, ent was a&e :e!ause of a SU22ESTE! Se!' 2') 12 the e the Presi&ent ANS4ER: !ate,or" ishi prohi:ite& or L !ate,ories fro of offi!ials aDin, either toappoint !han,e their or to a!?uire the E55 ofNa the 1987 Constitution') 5n fa!tH the other fro Senior &epart Superinten&entH ents of !iti=enship ,o%ern Chief ent woul& Superinten&entH upset the a&%i!e woul& "ou ,i%e 6oul& "our answer te porar" %a!an!"' 5n su!h a !aseH the te porar" OesH appoint M !an ents run within for the the Senate perio& in of the two 1988 (2) ele!tion' onths whose appoint ents nee& !onfir ation :" the status of an i i,rant of another !ountr" C&urin, Constitutional prohi:ition i pose& on e :ers of !lassi! pattern of separation of powers an& :e the sa e if he ha& seen an& !onsulte& "ou on -eput" -ire!tor $eneral to -ire!tor $eneral or appointee hol&s offi!e until the assu ption of <n&er pre!e&in, Se!tion ele!tion 7H +rti!le for M Presi&ent ofinfor the ConstitutionH an& Ei!e Co ission on +ppoint entsL (2N) their shall :e &ealt with :" ;u&i!iar" law (+rt' M5H the the Ca:inet !o%ers :oth pu:li! an& pri%ate offi!e &estro" ChieftenureC of the PNP :alan!e shallH a :etween on, othersH the :e appointe& an& :" -e!e :er the 1)H 1991 an& e& "ou of his offi!e :" the per anent appointee' Presi&ent' 3he appoint ent in this !ase will :e ha%in, ser%e& for three !onse!uti%e ter s as se!' 17)' 3he pro%ision !annot appl" to 9rown for or e plo" ent' 7i:erties <nion %' ele!tionsL other &epart ents of ,o%ern ent' +sation the >usti!es &esire to run for(Ci%il Con,ress in the 1992 the Presi&ent su:;e!t to !onfir :" the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: a&e on"our 8a" 3H 1992 whi!h is ;ust 8 &a"s M awa" 8e :er of the @ouse of 1epresentati%es' is onl" the reasons: FirstH in a&&ition /0e!uti%e Se!retar"H 19# SC1+ 317) sai& Co followin, in ission their on +ppoint answer ents' to9rown the is !o plaint for -is!uss answer' (3N) <n&er Se!tion 1)H +rti!le E55 of the ConstitutionH fro the ele!tion for Presi&ent an& Ei!e Presi&ent anpea!h + eri!an hason a &ual prohi:ite& fro runnin, for the sa e position' i ent!iti=en in thean& Co thus ittee >usti!e of the A$$ointing Po1er5 ad interi+ a$$oint+ent% >-a FIRST i#i"ation%5 ALTERNATI(E Congre%%+en ANS4ER: 619887 the si0 !ate,ories of offi!ials who are su:;e!t ent to on 8a" 11H 1992' For this reason the appoint !iti=enship is allowe& :" the Constitution' @ouse of whi!h 1epresentati%esH C>ust as it is 619917 No' C' NoH 13: *1o:ert Ei!tor +h 9rown a& was is not :orn ?ualifie& in @awaii to run on 8a" for 5n 1991 the Presi&ent pro Chief an& appointin, the &esi,nationpower of $en' of &e the Sil%a Presi&ent are afterare all the (Cf' pletel" +rt' 5EH se!' #)H Se!on&H &i& ote& not seeD !o una!!epta:le to 9rown file !har,es a,ainst No' 3: * An 3 8a" 1992H while Con,ress is on a T'ree<Ter+ Li+it5 Congre%%+en 689917 Superinten&ent 8atapan, an& Senior 12H 19)2H of Con,ress in an the+ 1992 eri!an ele!tions' father an& <n&er a Filipina Se!tion )H in%ali&' followin,: to a!?uire the status of an i,rantH :ut is anlaws the in&i%i&ual e1o:erto :ers ofi Con,ress for the short re!ess for the ele!tionsH the presi&ent 1 @ea& of e0e!uti%e &epart No E * -urin, his thir& ter while H C+CH a ents; 8e :er of the +rti!le other' E5 An of 8a" the 1)H ConstitutionH 1983 a hol&in, e :er an of Superinten&ent Conra&o 8ahi,pit the positions + eri!an:" :" the :irth un&er prin!iple of ;us soli ena!te& upon the the ar,u to ent that these of appoints &eof Sil%a to the ranD of $eneral PNote: 8a" 3H 1991 an& 8a" 17H are 2 + :assa&orsH pu:li! inisters an& @ouse of 1epresentati%esH was suspen&e& -ire!tor an& Superinten&ent of the PNPH + eri!an of passportH 1epresentati%es he other re,istere& ust as1992 :e a Filipino at fro least o:tainin, in theChief <nite& States' 3hir&H he &i& not laws are 1enato %iolati%e the ConstitutionH or are a (#*star) inof the +r e& For!es' also &esi,nates Sun&a"s' the Co ittee fin&s !onsuls; offi!e for a perio& of )0 of &a"s :" his !ollea,ues with the twent"*fi%e Philippine (22) @owe%er "ears Consulate a,e aton @onoluluH the &a"no @awaii' of the respe!ti%el"' 3heir appoint ents were in a seeD to !han,e his status &urin, his tenure as a :etra"al pu:li! trustH or She are un;ust' So tooH rele%an!e in the fa!t that these are holi&a"s an& Chief Staff the of +FP' @e i un&er,oin, e&iatel" 3 Affi!ers ofhe the ar e& for!es frotwent"*fi%e the of ranD of hi upon a %ote of 1983 two*thir&s of all the 8e :ers per as anent !apa!it"' 6ithout 5n Septe ele!tion' :erH Sin!e he will returne& :e less to than the pu:li! offi!er' FourthH pro%ision of to +rt' M5H se!' shoul& it :e of e?uall" i the per issi:le aDe the therefore &e!i&e& to i,nore this fa!t'Q taDes his oath an& assu es that offi!eH with the !olonel or na%al !aptain; the @ouse' 5n the ne0t su!!ee&in, he not PhilippinesH (22) "ears of an& a,e tooD in up 1992H resi&en!e Ei!tor ele!tionH at +h 9oa!H a& is 17 !onfir is not ation self*e0e!utin, :" the Coof :ut re?uires ission on an +ppoint entsH in&i%i&ual e :ers the Supre e Court ranD of entin, #*star $eneral of:ut the +FP' # Ather offi!ers whose appoint ents are %este& file& his !ertifi!ate of !an&i&a!" for the sa e i 8atapan, ple an& law' 8ahi,pit FifthH tooD a:o%e their oath allH the of @ouse offi!e an& 8arin&u?ueH ?ualifie& to run' ho etown of his other' @e a!!ounta:le for the !ourtBs &e!isions or rulin,s' A$$ointing Po1er5 Ad Interi+ A$$oint+ent% in hi :" the Constitution; position' C9CH the opposin, !an&i&ateH file& an /le!toral 3ri:unal has no ;uris&i!tion to &e!i&e this re,istere& as a %oterH %ote&H an& e%en parti!ipate& assu e& their respe!ti%e positions' 3hereafterH the 6199;7 <n&er Se!tion 2H +rti!le 5E of the ConstitutionH to 2 +ll other offi!ers of the ,o%ern ent whose a!tion for &is?ualifi!ation of C+C on the ,roun& ?uestion sin!e it &oes not !on!ern the -epart ent of 9u&,et an& 8ana,e ent authori=e& as a lea&er of one of the !an&i&ates in that &istri!t No' 1); 5n -e!e :er 1988H while Con,ress was in Con,ress resu es its salaries session on 17 8a" :e &ee e& a are natural*:orn !iti=enH Ei!tor +h a&an& 6hen appoint ents not otherwise pro%i&e& :" law; Se$aration o# Po1er% 6899:7 ?ualifi!ation of a e :er*ele!t' that the latterBsH !an&i&a!" Se!tion 7' in the 198# 9atasan ele!tions' the ele!tions of &is:urse ents for their an& other re!essH + was e0ten&e& an%iolate& a& 5n interi 1992H the Co ission on +ppoint ents infor s ) ust ele!t 3hose Philippine who he !iti=enship a" :e authori=e& upon rea!hin, :" law to No 55 * + ,roup of losin, liti,ants in a !ase +rti!le E5 of the Constitution whi!h pro%i&es that e olu ents' 1987H he ran for Con,ress anH an& won' @is sole appoint ent as 9ri,a&ier $eneral of the the Affi!e of the Presi&ent that it has re!ei%e& the appoint' a,e :er (Cru=H of a;orit"' Philippine 5 shall Politi!al a&%ise 7awH hi 1998 to ele!t e&'H pp' &e!i&e& :" the Supre e Court file& a !o plaint no 8e of the @ouse of 1epresentati%es shall opponent is now ?uestionin, his ?ualifi!ations an& Philippine +r "H in Fe:ruar" 1989' 6hen fro her offi!e the appoint ent the of -e Sil%a to >-a i#i"ation%5 Congre%%+en5 6199:7 20#*202) Philippine !iti=enshipH if he has not "et &one soH :efore the A onl" :u&s an !har,in, >usti!es ser%e for ore than three !onse!uti%e ter s' C+C is tr"in, to oust hi on two :asi! !lai s: @e is not Con,ress was in sessionH 9 was no inate& as the ranD of #*star $eneral an& that unless his >uan 9anta" file& a ta0pa"erBs the No' 1:Dnowin,l" 5n 19)#' 1uffaH a Filipina suit &o ?uestionin, esti! helper an& to wait until the ele!tions' with an& &eli:eratel" ren&erin, an answere& that he was not :arre& a natural :orn Filipino !iti=enH :ut fro is+r in runnin, 9ri,a&ier $eneral of1998 the Philippine "' 9Bs appoint ent to the Affi!e of the Chief of Staff of le,alit"&e!ision of @on,Don,H the in appoint ents an& &is:urse ents worDin, in went to 3aipei for a laws un;ust utter %iolation of the penal a,ain for that position :e!ause his ser%i!e was no ination was !onfir e& on +u,ust 2H 1989 the +FP is also su: itte&H the Co ission will not Pro'ibition% and In'ibition% o#Sio P-b i" O##i"e 8" answer fa!tH an :" + will eri!anH :e the :orn sa e in if @awaiiH he !onsulte& an e %a!ationH a&e' 9anta" where ar,ues she that Chen, the appoint who ents are of the lan&' Can the et A :u&s anPao' %ali&l" taDe interrupte& his )0&a" suspension while +Bs appoint ent was !onfir e&whi!h on was a!t onarrie&' the atter' 6899;7 6:<a7 >+1 fa!es a /0plain' &ile a:1uffa shoul& he :een inte,ral of the who hol&s an in in 1991 an&portion infor e& e<'S'+'H of his &esire to run she in%ali& inasof <n&er u!h as Chinese the sa 7awH e ha%e not !o,ni=an!e the !aseL in%oluntar"' Can B+BH le,all" !ontinue with his Septe :er 2H 1989' 6ho is &ee e& ore senior a!!eptati!all" a Ca:inet appoint ent on now or run3he later for + eri!an passport; @e &i& :arre&L not eet the a,e the 1992 ele!tions' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: auto :e!a e a ission Chinese !iti=en' !onfir e& :" the Co +ppoint entsH as !an&i&a!" is he 6h"L (2N) of the twoH or + or 9L alrea&" Suppose Con,ress a&;ourne& 3he Presi&ent aintains that she su: itte& SenatorL @a%in, su!!ee&e& in lawhas pra!ti!e as re?uire ent; an& @e has a C,reen !ar&C fro the NoH the Aun&er :u&s an !annot !ouple resi&e& in @on,Don,H where onthe 8a" 9H re?uire& Se!tions 2)entertain an& 31 of 1'+' No' without the to the Co ission that the Constitution !alls well as prospere& inall pri%ate :usiness where he SECON! SU22ESTE! ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: ANS4ER: <'S' !o plaint' +s state& in to the of 5n re: 7aureta' 19)2H 1uffa ,a%e :irth a !ase :o" na e& /rnest' )972' Co ission on +ppoint ents a!tin, on for' an& SC1+ his wife ha%e su:stantial in%est entsH he of C' <n&er C+C !annot $o%ern Se!tion le,all" ent' 2H !ontinue +rti!le 5E with of his the !an&i&a!"' ConstitutionH 1#8 382 P1987QH pursuant to the prin!iple <pon rea!hin, the a,e of a;orit"H /rnest ele!te& :oth appoint entsH !an + an& 9 retain their (a) 6ho is !iti=enship' !orre!tL Ei!tor @e was +h ele!te& a& as ust 8e ha%e :er ele!te& of the @ouse of separation of powersH +fter the the /-S+ Philippine ori,inal ranDs of !olonelL

e) its +PPA5N38/N3 <n&er su:&i%isionH the all !onstru!tion Se!tion e 9" :ersH the a,en!" 12H %otin,H of as sa +rti!le aone or &a e instru ;ointl"' %ote 5ssue& 'E55 3he of an& entalit" +n" SenateH the upon ConstitutionH e0tension inthe thereofH the :" prior a sa of e authori=ation in!lu&in, resolutionH the pro!la asDe& ation of the of that ent*owne& artial the Ser%i!e a,ree law oror !ontrolle& Co ent suspension :e ission su: in of within annerH two,o%ern upon onths 5nitiati%e i Ci%il e&iatel" of :efore the the Presi&entH ne0titte& a!!or&an!e !orporations to the it writ for ratifi!ation' !an onl" with or their its :e3he pro%isions ,rante& su:si&iaries' Se!retar" an& Con,ress 3he" of the Forei,n rules shall an& presi&ential Con,ress ele!tions a" e0ten& an& the up:" to pro!la the en& ation ofwhi!h his 5f the stan&ar&s stri!tl" +ffairs will &eter a&%ise& a%oi& pro ine !onfli!t also the ul,ate& Se!retar" the of perio& interest in pursuan!e of of in Pu:li! su!h thepu:li! thereto !on&u!t e0tension' 6orDs to an& ofa ter in%asion H the or Presi&ent re:ellion !annot !ontinues aDe an& per anent safet" person their @i,hwa"s offi!e' who not has to not !o &esi,nation ?ualifie& pl" with the in of an re?uest appropriate of appoint re?uires the ents' e0tension; 3he >usti!e - the as f) 3he Supre e issioner Court a" re%iew the e0a ination Senate' 2) 5s:ut the who Presi&ent otherwise :oun& to su: the it the a!tin, +sso!iate Co iseets also in%ali&' Ca ing<o-t Po1er5 Pre%ident 6>1<899?7 An the other han&H the Supre e Court e0er!ises re?uire a,ree fa!tual ent suffi!ien!" ents to for theappoint Senate of the for ent pro!la ratifi!ationL to a re,ular ationH an& position thea Se!tion 1(2)' +rti!le 5M*C of the Constitution 1' !he!D on 6hat /0e!uti%e &o ust "ou a!tion ean in :" the the for CCallin,*out of ;u&i!ial in the !o Supre ethe Court petiti%e ser%i!eH &e!i&e the !ase a within %a!an!" thirt" prohi:its &esi,nation ofwhene%er an" Co issioner of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: PowerC of Presi&ent un&er Se!tion 18H +rti!le o!!urs re%iew an& atthe the the fillin, instan!e thereof of is or ne!essar" an" !iti=en' in the 3he &a"s fro ti was file&; the CA8/7/C ine ait te porar" a!tin, !apa!it"' NoH ,) 8artial Presi&ent law is an& &oes not :oun& not auto to appropriate su: ati!all" it the interest E55 Constitution ofthe the of ConstitutionL the e ser%i!e :o&ies in (2N) this there respe!t is no the rulin, in Se!tion 12H +rti!le E555 of the Constitution prohi:its SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: a,ree suspen& ent to pri%ile,e the Senate of for the ratifi!ation' writ of ha:eas <n&er re,ister ofthe eli,i:les at the ti :er e of appoint ent' $ar!ia %' 7ansan,H #2 SC1+ ##8 (1971) that the the &esi,nation of an" e of the >u&i!iar" to <n&er +rti!le E55H Se!' 18 of of 1987 Se!tion !orpus or 20H the +rti!le operation E55 of of the the ConstitutionH Constitution' onl" the Court !an &eter ine the suffi!ien!" the fa!tual an" a,en!" perfor in, ?uasi*;u&i!ial or the ConstitutionH h) 5t the &oes whene%er not supplant it :e!o the es fun!tionin, ne!essar"H of the prior !on!urren!e ofation the 8onetar" 9oar& is :asis of pro!la of artial law or the the a& inistrati%e fun!tions' Pro%isional appoint ents in ,eneral ha%e alrea&" !i%il !ourts an& of Con,ress' 8ilitar" !ourts ha%e Presi&entH as Co an&er*in*ChiefH a" !all out re?uire& for the Presi&ent to or !ontra!t forei,n suspension of the pri%ile,e the e0tension :een a:olishe& :" 1epu:li! +!t )0#0' @owe%erH it the no >uris&i!tion ar e& for!es o%er topurpose !i%ilians ai& hi where in pre%entin, !i%il !ourts or loans onnot :ehalf the 1epu:li! of the Philippines' thereof for of the of supplantin, the A$$ointing Po1er%5 Ad Interi+ A$$oint+ent% still a:le applies with to tea!hers un&er the are fun!tion' (Cru=H Philippine Politi!al suppressin, lawless %iolen!eH in%asion or ;u&, ent to of the re,ar& Presi&ent :ut to &eter ine 6>;<899A7 8a,na Carta for Pu:li! S!hool re:ellion 7awH 1992 (-a%i& e&'H pp' %' +rro"oH 21321#') $'1' No' 17139)H 8a" whether the latter &i& not a!t 3ea!hers' ar:itraril"' 5n&ee&H (1)200))' Enter 5n into 8ar!h 2001H while or Con,ress 2-arantee was Foreign 3H +rt' E555H Se!'Contra"t 1 i poses upon the !ourts the &ut" ALTERNATI(E a&;ourne&H Loan% 619997 the Presi&ent ANS4ER: Santos as:een of &eter inin, whether appointe& or not there has !e" 0artia aration5 La15 State S-##i"ien"y o# Ca o# a+ity5 t'e Fa"t-a Lega E##e"t% &a%i% 3he5 !ase Chair No * 6hat an of of are 1e,is the CA8/7/C' %s' restri!tions As enaH Santos pres!ri:e& 197 i SC1+ e&iatel" :" 308H the ,ra%e a:use of the &is!retion a ountin, to la!D or lai& &own tooD 6>1<899A7 Constitution 6>:<899?7 his oath on an& &istin!tion the assu power e& :etween offi!e' of part the 6hile aPresi&ent pro%isional his to e0!ess of the ;uris&i!tion on the of the other (:) 3he Presi&ent 3o ,i%e issue& the u!h a Pro!la nee&e& help No' to 1018 the appoint ent was pro ptl" su: itte& to the an& a !ontra!t te or porar" ,uarantee appoint forei,n ent' loans on :ehalf of :ran!hes of the ,o%ern entH ination this !aseH the Co Pro%in!e pla!in, ission the of Philippines on +urora +ppoint whi!h un&er ents was for 8artial !onfir &e%astate& 7aw ationH on the :" it the 1epu:li! of the PhilippinesL /0plain' (2N) Presi&ent' + P1AE5S5AN+7 +PPA5N38/N3 is e0ten&e& to was t"phoons ,roun& not a!te& that an&upon a torrential re:ellion an& Con,ress rainsH sta,e& a,ain the :" Presi&ent lawless SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: a person who has not of ?ualifie& in an appropriate a&;ourne&' 5n 2001H the Presi&ent e0ten&e& &e!lare& ele ents it is in >une a en&an,erin, Cstate !ala the it"'C pu:li! $i%e atsafet"' leasta <n&er 3he Presi&ent Se!tion 20H !annotH +rti!le E55 :" of the eans ConstitutionH ofre:els e0a (#) se!on& ination a&to interi :ut appoint who otherwise ent to Santos eets for the the four Pursuant le,al the effe!ts Pro!la of su!h ationH &e!laration' suspe!te& (#N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the pro!la ation ofappoint the artial Presi&ent lawH suspen& !ontra!t the or re?uire sa epower position ents of for with the sa ent e an& ter to aH to re,ular an& this position were arreste& an& &etaine& ilitar" tri:unals -e!laration of a state of !ala it"!ourts pro&u!esH inter appoint ,uarantee Constitution loans was or on a,ain supplant :ehalf su: the itte& the to 1epu:li! the of the the in the set !oent petiti%e ser%i!e whene%er a an& %a!an!" were up to tr" the ' of 1o:ert &ela Cru=H a aliaH these le,al effe!ts within the Pro%in!e of Co Philippines le,islature' ission is Neither on su:;e!t +ppoint !an to he the ents authori=e prior for !onfir !on!urren!e the trial of of o!!urs an& the fillin, thereof is in the !iti=enH file& with the Supre e ne!essar" Court aation' petition +urora R Santos tooD his oath anew an& e& the the !i%ilians 8onetar" :"the ilitar" 9oar& tri:unals so perfor lon, su:;e!t as !ourts to su!h are interest of ser%i!e an& there isation no appropriate ?uestionin, the %ali&it" of an& Pro!la No' 1018' 1' +uto ati! Pri!e Control R un&er 1'+' fun!tions of his offi!e' li open itations an& fun!tionin,H as a" :e pres!ri:e& thus o%errulin, :" law' the !ase of re,ister of eli,i:le at the ti e of the appoint ent' 1' -oes 1o:ert ha%e a stan&in, to No' 7281H 3he Pri!e +!t; +?uino %' 8ilitar" ission 2H )3 SC1+ An the other Cohan&H a No' 3/8PA1+1O 2' Enter Pro!la !hallen,e into +uthori=ation ation E,e"-ti*e No' 1018L for Agree+ent% the /0plain' portation (2'2N) 6899:7 of ri!e 2#) (1972)' @is pro!la ation artial law &oes +PPA5N38/N3 ,i%en to i aof non*!i%il ser%i!e un&er SU22ESTE! 1'+' No' ANS4ER 8178H 3he : OesH +,ri!ultural 1o:ert has No MM 1e"esH * +n a /0e!uti%e politi!al ri%alH +,ree file& ent a suit was assailin, e0e!ute& not !arr" it theasuspension of the an& writ of eli,i:le is with without &efinite tenure is 3arrifi!ation stan&in,' <n&er +!t; +rti!le E555H Se!tion 17 the :etween !ertain the or&ers Philippines issue& an& :" &e!ision Santos' a nei,h:orin, @e also State' ha:eas !orpusH so that the onof +?uino %' &epen&ent on the pleasure of the appointin, 3' 1987 ConstitutionH +uto the Supre e un&er Court 1'+' a"itself No' 3he ?uestione& Senate of ati! the the Philippines %ali&it" of183 SantosB tooD it upon appoint ent' to Pon!e /nrileH 29appropriation SC1+ (1973) is now power' 71)0 re%iewH is in a%aila:le appropriate for unforeseen e0pen&itures file& :" an" pro!ure 1esol%e aan !ertifie& the followin, true issues: !op" of (2N) the /0e!uti%e o%errule&' Nor &oes thepro!ee&in, suspension of the writ + pro%isional arisin, !iti=enH fro the suffi!ien!" theof appoint o!!urren!e of ent theof fa!tual is !ala ,oo& :asis ities onl" in ofareas the until +,ree ent an&H after on itHpersons &e!lare&H &epri%e !ourts their&eli:eratin, power to a& it to repla!e &e!lare& pro!la ation ent to :e :" of in a a artial !i%il state law' ser%i!e of !ala +s !iti=en eli,i:le it"; thereforeH an& no :" a unani ous %oteH that the a,ree ent in was :ailH where proper' 3he Constitution thus (a) -oes SantosB assu ption offi!e 1o:ert a" file the petition ?uestionin, !ase :e"on& 30 &a"s fro$ar!ia*Pa&illa &ate of interest re!eipt :" :oth unwise an& a,ainst the :est of the the o%errules the !ases of %' on Pon!e #' 7o!al ,o%ern ent (1983) units a" ena!t a (a) Pro!la :asis ation ofoffi!er the No' a& 1018' interi appoint ents issue& :" appointin, of the !ertifi!ate of eli,i:ilit"' !ountr"' 5s the /0e!uti%e +,ree ent :in&in, /nrileH 121 SC1+ #72 an& 8orales %' supple ental :u&,et for supplies an& aterials the Presi&ent a ount to a(1983)' te law porar" (Se!' 2# P!W' 1epu:li! +!t 22)0)' fro the stan&point of Philippine an& (:) fro or Pon!e /nrile' 121 SC1+ 238 pa" stan&point 2' ent 5nof the ser%i!es sa e suitH to pre%ent Soli!itor &an,er $eneral to or loss appoint ent isthe prohi:ite& :" Se!tion the of whi!h international lawL /0plain + life of (:) !onten&s pro%isional 3he or Presi&ent propert"H that un&er appoint un&er has the ent ConstitutionH !onte options: plates the (1) Presi&ent 3A a &ifferent C+77 1(2)H +rti!le 5M*C ofthree the ConstitutionL SU22ESTE! 1'+' ANS4ER: as Co an&er*in*ChiefH &eter ines whether the ent' situation A<3 theNo' fro ar 71)0; e& that for!es of a totepre%ent porar" or appoint suppress ALTERNATI(E 2' (a) Fro /ntitle the stan&point ent ANS4ER: to ha=ar& of Philippine allowan!e for the Pu:li! e0i,en!" has arisen re?uirin, the e0er!ise of his3A 6hereas lawless %iolen!eH a te porar" in%asion appoint or ent re:ellion; islawH &esi,ne& (2) to fill NoH SantosB appoint ent &oes not a ount to a not @ealth /0e!uti%e 6orDers +,ree entonl" is1'+' :in&in,' No' +!!or&in, 8a,na to power to &e!lare 8artial 7aw an& that his a position S<SP/Nnee&e& the (un&er pri%ile,e for of the a 7302H li writ ite& ofperio& ha:eas te porar" appoint ent' +n a& interi appoint ent Carta Co for issioner of @ealth Custo 6orDers)H sa %' /astern who Sea shall :e &eter ination is !on!lusi%e upon the !ourts' @ow e0!ee&in, !orpus orPu:li! (3) si0 3A ()) P1AC7+58 onthsH pro%isional artial law' appoint 3he last entH is per anent appoint ent :e!ause it in taDes effe!t !o 3ra&in,' pensate& 3 SC1+ ha=ar& 321 allowan!es P19)1QH the Presi&ent e?ui%alent !an to at of shoul& the Supre e is Court ruleL onathe two options other !an han&H :e resorte& inten&e& to(2'2N) for onl" the !ontin,en!" !ases i an& !an no lon,er :e with&rawn :" least enter twent"*fi%e into anre:ellion /0e!uti%e per!ent +,ree (22N) ent of the without onthl" the that e&iatel" in%asion Ca %a!an!" or o!!urs when an& pu:li! the safet" fillin, thereof re?uires is (I+ of is s*gges+ed +-a+ i) e>a0inee )o''o&ed +-e the Presi&ent on!e the appointee has ?ualifie& into :asi! ne!essit" salar" of health worDers :" re!ei%in, Senate' salar" ne!essar" either the in!on!urren!e supension the interest of of+-e the ser%i!e pri%ile,e an&or there the is c'assi)ica+ion in 7ar0ien+o /. Aison( 15% 7CRA 5,9 offi!e' 3he fa!t that it an& is law' su:;e!t to !onfir ation :" ,ra&e 19 an& :elowH fi%e per!ent no appropriate pro!la ation of re,ister artial of eli,i:les at (2N) the ti for e of and na0ed on'y )o*r ca+egories( beca*se -e the the (:) Co 3he /0e!uti%e ission on)irs+ +,ree +ppoint ent ents is 20 also &oes :in&in, not alter its health worDers with salar" ,ra&e an& a:o%e; appoint ent'C co0bined +-e +-ree ca+egories in+o one( -e be gi/en )*'' credi+.)of 3he per anent fro the stan&point !hara!ter' international Constitution law''' itself aDes )' 5t isa& su: /ntitle itte&appoint that entthe to ha=ar& ost effe!ti%e allowan!e eans for of an interi ent per anent in !hara!ter 2') +!!or&in, to Sar iento %' 8isonH 12) SC1+ 2#9H the onl" 5n s!ien!e I+$o%e eetin, other an& wor&sH the Tari## !urrent te!hnolo,i!al the Rate%3 reason e er,en!" personnel for I+$ort e0ten&in, whi!h and of is the a :rou,ht E,$ort :" aDin, it effe!ti%e until &isappro%e& :" the offi!ers whose appoint ents nee& pro%isional ,o%ern a:out :" ent re:ellionH appoint un&er 1'+' li:eration ent No' isents not 8#39; :e!ause an&the there is Co >-ota% ission 619997 on +ppoint or until ne0t an o!!asional worD to :e &one an& is e0pe!te&

!onfir :" the Co ission on +ppoint ents are the hea& of a&;ourn of Con,ress' + porar" or state a!tin, to :e5 ation finishe& entsH an& in not terroris ore than is to si0 si pl" onths !all :ut out No 7'o%e * + ent 6hat !ri e !o are the itte& lite &urin, itationsIrestri!tions the of e0e!uti%e &epart entsH

appointee &oes not en;o" an" se!urit" tenureH the :e!ause e& the for!es interest for the of the followin, ser%i!e re?uires that 1) +rt' pro%i&e& !alaar it" will :" :e the !onsi&ere& Constitution a,,ra%ate& onreasons: theof un&er power of no atter :riefl"' (8ati:a, %' 9enipa"oH !ertain the worD :e to &one :e :" etthe a are re,ular not solel" e plo"eeH onl" Con,ress 1#H e0i,en!ies par' 7 how of tothe authori=e 1e%ise& Penal Presi&ent Co&e' to fi0 $'1' tariff a :assa&orsH No' 1#903)H +pril other 2H 2002) pu:li! inisters an& that those no ione !ause& with appropriate :" in%asion eli,i:ilit" or re:ellion !an :e :ut an& ratesH port an& e0port ?uotasH tonna,e ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: !onsulsH offi!ers of the an" ar e& for!es fro the appointe& to it' @en!eH other eli,i:le a" :e terroris an& other !ri es' wharfa,e &ues' /0plain' (2N) +n interi appoint ent a per anent SU22ESTE! 2) !e" a& aration5 State ANS4ER: o# ofworD Nationa the pri%ile,e E+ergen"y will onl" :e 6>1< ranD appointe& of Suspension to &o su!h in theis eanti e that a !olonel na%al !aptainH an& other offi!ials appoint +!!or&in, for a li or ite& ent to perio& an& Se!tion &oes an& then not 28(2)H the %iolate perio& +rti!le Se!tion of E5 of 1(2)H the suita:le 899?7 eli,i:le &oes not ?ualif" for the position' whose appoint ents are +rti!le retention 2' 5M*C An is li Fe:ruar" of ite& the to Constitution' 3 2#H &a"s 200)H whi!h Presi&ent a" antasan not reall" $loria n, ConstitutionH Con,ress a"H :" (Pa lawH authori=e the %este& inAn thewithin Presi&ent :" the :e effe!ti%e' the other han&H pu:li! !riti!is of 7un,so& Presi&ent 8a!apa,al*+rro"o n, to fi0 8a"nila issue& %' spe!ifie& 5+CH Pro!la $'1' li Constitution' ation itsH No' an& No' 7)2#39H su:;e!t 1017 3o the a!tion :e :er a" pre!iseH onl" ero&e a the pro%isional Presi&entBs ent No%e &e!larin, a 13H1982) state of national e er,en!"' 5s poseH this to su!h li ore itations an& restri!tions it appoint a" i A$$ointing Cind% A$$oint+ent% authorit"' a" ratesH :e ation e0ten&e& onl" to o# a/0plain' person who has an& not tariff Pro!la i Po1er5 !onstitutionalL port an& e0port ?uotasH(2'2N) tonna,e 6199;7 (:) +ssu in, theother le,alit" of &ifferen!eH the first a&:ut interi 3) 3here is an& pra!ti!all" little as far ?ualifie& in an appropriate e0a ination who wharfa,e &ues &uties or i posts within 6hen is an appoint ent in the !i%il ser%i!e as SU22ESTE! the appoint a:ilit" ent ofANS4ER: the an& Presi&ent assu to ption eet of an offi!e ent :" otherwise eets the re?uire ents for appoint the fra eworD of the national &e%elop per anentL -istin,uish :etween e 3he er,en!" SantosH pro!la is ation !on!erne&H were is !onstitutional his :etween se!on& option insofar a& 1Hser%i!eH interi on as it to a re,ular position in the !o an petiti%e pro,ra of the $o%ern ent' Cappoint ent in an the !onstitutes other han&H a ent !all the :" options the Presi&ent 2 wa" an& 3' for +FP to appoint an& su:se?uent assu ption of eanin, one who ust an" :e athe !i%il ser%i!e a!tin, !apa!it"C :" a -epart ent pre%ent offi!e orto suppress the sae0ten&e& lawless e position %iolen!e %iolations as this of the is eli,i:le' Se!retar" fro a& interi appoint ent 0artia 3he Presi&ent La1 S-%$en%ion a" an well taDe !o o# 4rit fort in o# the Habea% sustaine& :"B Se!tion 18H +rti!le E55 of the prohi:ition on reappoint ent un&er Se!tion e0ten&e& :" the Presi&ent' -istin,uish :etween a 5n Cor$-% the !ase 619877 of a 5M*C te porar" all that the followin, thou,ht: C$o%ern ent of li entH ite& power Constitution' 1(2)H +rti!le of theappoint ConstitutionL pro%isional an& a that law No' ME55: en;oins Ane isof the features Cpreferen!e of +ssuran!e the in ,o%ern fillin, that su!h ent nee& not :e ane i! ,o%ern ent' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: te porar" appoint ent' SU22ESTE! @owe%erH PP 1017Bs pro%isions the esta:lishe& un&er the 1987 Constitution the position :e ,i%en to persons on appropriate eli,i:le ri,hts are se!ure ten&s to &i inish fear ,i%in, an& is ANS4ER: NoH the 1) <n&er a& Se!tion 22(a) appoint of:" the ent an& Presi&ent e0press or i interi plie& power (1)Ci%il to issue lists'C restoration 8erel" of ,i%in, the preferen!e prin!iple of presupposes !he!Ds an& that ;ealous" ofse!on& stron, ,o%ern entH an&H aDin, su:se?uent assu ption of offi!e &oes not %iolate Ser%i!e -e!reeH an appoint ent in the !i%il &e!rees; (2) to &ire!t the +FP to enfor!e :alan!es' 3his is un&er espe!iall" noteworth" in the e%en a safe non*eli,i:le a" it :e appointe&' <n&er the us feel to li%e aDes for its :etter ser%i!e the Constitution' is (6est P/18+N/N3 3he prohi:ition when issue& on reappoint to%' a person ent o:e&ien!e tothe all laws e%en those not relate& to lawH Co e%en an&er*in*Chief if appointee powers has of the the re?uire& Presi&ent !i%il support'C Es' State 9r&' of /&u!' in Se!tion 1(2)H +rti!le 5M*C of the Constitution who eets all the his re?uire ents for the position to lawless %iolen!e as well as &e!rees pro whi!h su:stantiall" affe!ts what was st"le& un&er ser%i!e eli,i:ilit"H appoint ent is still te ul,ate& porar" 9arnetteH 319 <'S' )2# (19#3)) whi!h &oes he not is :ein, appl" appointe&H to :"*passe& in!lu&in, the a& interion :" the Presi&ent; an& (3) toas i pose stan&ar&s si the pl" past :e!ause &ispensation su!h is the nature theof C!ali:rate& the worD to 0artia La15 Li+itation% 689997 appoint ents' 5t !an :e re%i%e& :" new a& appropriate eli,i:ilit" pres!ri:e&H in a!!or&an!e e&ia or an" for of restraint onathe pressH responseC to national eprior er,en!iesH :e &one' NA3/: Sin!e pro%isional appoint ents ha%e (a) No -is!uss -e!larin, full" a the re:ellionH pro%isions hostile of ,roups the 1987 with interi the appoint pro%isions ent of lawH :e!ause rules an& there stan&ar&s is no final are ME55' ultra %ires an& un!onstitutional' 7iDewiseH alrea&" :een a:olishe& e0a inees shoul& :e ConstitutionH ha%e opene& ,i%in, an& the aintaine& s!opeH ar li e& its !onfli!ts an& the role on &isappro%al un&er Se!tion 1)H +rti!le E55 of the pro ul,ate& in pursuan!e thereof' un&er Se!tion 17H +rti!le M55 of the ConstitutionH ,i%en full !re&it for whate%er answer the" a" of the the 5slan&s prin!iple of Sulu of an& !he!Ds 9asilan' an& a) :alan!es 3o ?uell on thisH the ConstitutionH an& su!h new appoint ent will not Presi&entH in the a:sen!e of le,islationH !annot or a" not ,i%e' Presi&entBs !an e0er!ise pla!e of the un&er power: result inPresi&ent the appointee ser%in, :e"on& the fi0e& taDethe o%er pri%atel"*owne& pu:li! utilities an& 2) +n artial appoint ent in an +C35N$ C+P+C53O law the islan&s of Sulu an& 9asilanL ter of "ears' 3he phrase Cwithout 1 3o se%en suspen& the pri%ile,e of the writ of :usinesses affe!te& with the pu:li! interest (-a%i& A$$ointing Po1er5 Li+itation% on Pre%identia e0ten&e& :" a -epart ent Se!retar" is not $i%e "our reasonsL (3N) reappoint entC applies onl" to one who has :een ha:eas !orpus %' +rro"oH $'1' No' 17139)H 8a" 3H 200))' A$$oint+ent% 619977 per :) anent 6hat :ut are te the porar"' !onstitutional @en!eH the safe,uar&s -epart appointe& 2 Pro!la :" the ation Presi&ent of artial an& law' !onfir e& :" the No' 7: + onth :efore a forth!o in, ele!tionH ent C+C Se!retar" on the e0er!ise a" ter of the inate Presi&entBs the ser%i!es power of the to Co ission on +ppoint entsH whether or not one of the in!u :ent Co issioners of the pro!lai 3' -urin, artial the lawL effe!ti%it" (2N) of this ationH appointee at an" ti e' An the other han&H an +su!h person !o pletes his ter of Pro!la offi!e' 3o hol&of (:) Consi&erin, the pressin, pro:le s CA8/7/CH &ie& while in offi!e an& C9CH another SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: $enerH 7ito an& 9on, were arreste& :" the poli!e 5N3/158 +PPA5N38/N3 e0ten&e& otherwise will lea& to a:sur&ities an& ne,ate the insur,en!"H re:el a!ti%itiesH li:eration o%e ents Co issionerH suffere& a se%ere stroDe' 5n %iew a) 5fa!ts pu:li! safet" re?uires itHarrest the Presi&ent !an for of terroris ' 5s the le,alL /0plain' Presi&ent is an appoint ent whi!h is su:;e!t to Presi&entBs power to aDe a& interi an& terrorist %iolen!eH whi!h in "our !onsi&ere& of the pro0i it" of the ele!tions an& to a%oi& pla!e Sulu 9asilan artial law $'1' sin!e (2'2N) !onfir ation :" the thethe Co un&er ission on +ppoint ents appoint ents' (8ati:a, %' 9enipa"oH No' opinion a an& on, options a%aila:le to the paral"=ation in CA8/7/CH the Presi&ent who SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: there is an a!tual re:ellion' <n&er Se!tion 18H an& was a&e &urin, the re!ess of Con,ress' +s 1#903)H +pril 2H 2002) Presi&ent as Co an&er*in*Chief woul& :e the was not runnin, for an" offi!eH appointe& 3he arrestH apparentl" &one without a %ali& +rti!le E55 of the ConstitutionH the Presi&ent !an hel& in Su ers %s' (=aetaH 81 Phil' 72#H an a& ost effe!ti%e in eetin, the e er,en!ies :" the Co issioner C of the Co ission on +u&itH warrantH ispart ille,al' @owe%erH a warrantless arrest pla!e an" ofent the Philippines un&er artial interi appoint is per :ut anent' nationL /0plain' who was not a law"er a !ertifie& pu:li! Cabinet i+itation onsafet" a""e$ting woul& :e0e+ber%5 %ali& if those a!!use& are !au,ht law in !ase of re:ellionH when pu:li! SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: a!!ountant :" professionH a& interi additiona !o ittin, !ri es6199?7 en fla,rante &eli!to' An the re?uires it' d-tie% (a) Presi&entBs power toCo suspen& the pri%ile,e Co 3he issioner to su!!ee& issioner + an& 3) 199) 5n Se!tion No' 7: ha:eas 2# (&) the of the Se!retar" Ci%ila&e Ser%i!e Finan!e +!t of to :ea other han&H ifCan the arrest is pursuant of the writ of toof pro!lai &esi,nate& :" wa" !orpus of a an& te porar" easure' :) 3he areof the !onstitutional safe,uar&s 1929H afollowin, 3/8PA1+1O +PPA5N38/N3 is Ca!ts one of ele!te& Chair an the 9oar& of ter -ire!tors %ali& warrantH then it is lawful' 3he of artial law is su:;e!t to se%eral !he!Ds :" +sso!iate >usti!e - of the Court of +ppeals as on the e0er!ise ofthe the power of the Presi&ent to issue& the San to 8i,uel person CorporationL to Supre a position /0plain' nee&e& onl" for a terroris Ca has not :een le,all" &efine& an& a&e Con,ress an& :" e Court' 3he a!tin, +sso!iate Co issioner &urin, the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: pro!lai artial law: a) 3here ust :e a!tual li ite& perio& not e0!ee&in, si0 onths' <n&er punisha:le :" Con,ress' No law has :een Presi&ent is re?uire& to report to Con,ress within a:sen!e of Co issioner 9' NoH the Se!retar" of Finan!e !annot :e ele!te& in%asion or re:ellion; :) 3he &uration of the Se!tion 22(:) of the Ci%il Ser%i!e -e!reeH a ena!te& to ,ui&e the law enfor!e ent a,entsH #8 hours his a!tion in &e!larin, artial law or Chair an of the 9oar& of -ire!tors of the San pro!la ation shall not te porar" appoint ent is one issue& to a person an& e%entuall" the !ourtsH to &eter ine the li its suspen&in, the pri%ile,e of the writH an& Con,ress -i& the Presi&ent &o the ri,ht thin, in e0ten&in, e0!ee& si0t" &a"s: 8i,uel Corporation' <n&er Se!tion 13H +rti!le E55 who eets all the re?uire ents for the position to in aDin, arrests for the !o ission of sai& is in turn re?uire& to !on%eneH if it is not in su!h a& interi appoint ent in fa%or a!ts of !) 6ithin fort"*ei,ht hoursH Presi&ent of the ConstitutionH e :ers of the Ca:inet whi!h he is :ein, appointe& e0!ept the terroris (-a%i& %' +rro"oH $'1' No' 17139)H sessionH within 2# hours followin, the Co issioner C an& &esi,natin, >usti!e - a!tin, shall report his a!tion to Con,ress' 5f Con,ress !annot hol& an" other offi!e orthe e :e!ause plo" ent appropriate !i%il ser%i!e eli,i:ilit" of the 8a" 3H 200))' pro!la ation ofof artial law or suspension of Co issioner the CA8/7/CL is not in sessionH it ust !on%ene within twent"* &urin, Enter their into tenure Contra"t unless or it is 2-arantee otherwise pro%i&e& Foreign a:sen!e of appropriate eli,i:les an& it is the pri%ile,e without nee& of an" !allH in SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: four hours; in the Constitution' 3he" shall not also &urin, Loan% 6199;7 ne!essar" inwith the its pu:li! 5nterest to the %a!an!"' a!!or&an!e rules' 3he pro!la ation of No' 3he Presi&ent was wron, in fill e0ten&in, an a& &) Con,ress a" of :"the a;orit" %ote of :e all its for sai& No' 13: tenure 3he parti!ipate Presi&ent in an" Philippines :usiness or artial law or suspension of the writ is effe!ti%e interi appoint ent in fa%or of Co issioner C' 5n e&a"s :ers %otin, >ointl" re%oDe the pro!la ationH finan!iall" authori=e& intereste& the:ut Se!retar" in81 an" of !ontra!t Pu:li! 6orDs withH an& or in that )0 onl"H Con,ress !an !ut short Su ers %s' A=aetaH Phil' 72#H it wasits hel& An an& the theother Presi&ent han&' !annot Se!tion set 2#(e) asi&e of the thea,ree re%o!ation; Ci%il an" @i,hwa"s fran!hiseH to ne,otiate or spe!ial an& pri%ile,e si,n a loan ,rante& :" ent effe!ti%it" :" re%oDin, the pro!la ation :" the an a& interi appoint ent is a per the anent Ser%i!e +!t of 1929 &efine& a P1AE5S5AN+7 $o%ern with the $er ent or an an" $o%ern ent for %ote of at least a a;orit" of appoint ent'

when arrai,ne&' Supre e Court' <n&er 9eforesai& trial pro%isionH he was ,rante& the &uration of a:solute par&on artial :" law theshall Presi&ent not e0!ee& to allow si0t" hi &a"s to :ut Con,ress parti!ipate in the has pea!e the power talDs to :etween re%oDe the the pro!la ation ,o%ern ent an& or e0ten& the !o the unist perio&' re:els' An the other (1) 5s the the par&on the Presi&ent %ali&L han&H Supre eof Court has the power to re%iew /0plain' the sai& pro!la ation an& pro ul,ate its &e!ision (2) +ssuwithin in, that the par&on %ali&H 7u!as thereon thirt" &a"s fro is its filin,!an (+rti!le re;e!t itL /0plain' E555H Se!tion 18)' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Pardoning 1' 3he par&on Po1er5 is notA+ne%ty %ali&' <n&er 6199:7 Se!tion 19H No 20:E55 +rti!le * of 3he theNational 1987 ConstitutionH <nifi!ation par&on Co ission a" has :e ,rante& re!o onl" en&e& after the !on%i!tion ,rant :" of final a:solute an& >u&, ent' un!on&itional a nest" to all re:els' 3here is the 2' OesH 7u!as !an re;e!t the par&on +s hel& in to %iew that it is not ne!essar" for the re:els <nite& States 6ilsonH 7 the Pet' !ri 120 e an& 9ur&i!D it a& it the !o %s' ission of !har,e&H %s' <nite& StatesH 27# <'S' #80' a!!eptan!e :ein, enou,h that the offense falls withinis the essential !o par&on an&followin, the par&on s!ope of to the a plete nest"the pro!la ation the a" :e re;e!te& :" in the person to who it is &o!trine lai& &own 9arrio?uinto %s' Fernan&e=H ten&ere&H for it a" infli!t !onse?uen!es of ,uilt is 82 Phil' )#2' 5n other wor&sH a& ission of ,reater &is,ra!esine than?ua those fro it purports not a !on&ition non for whi!h the a%ail ent of to a relie%e' nest"' 5s this !orre!tL /0plain' ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! NoH 7u!as !annot ANS4ER: re;e!t the par&on' +!!or&in, to 3he %iew that it is 27# not <'S' ne!essar" for re:els is to 9i&&le %s' Pero%i!hH #80H a!!eptan!e a& ne!essar"H it the !o for ission of the !ri e in%ol%es !har,e& ain not the ,rant of par&on or&er to a%ail sel%es of the :enefits of &eter ination :" the the Presi&ent that pu:li! welfare a nest" is not !orre!t' +s state& in Eera will :e :etter ser%e& :" infli!tin, less than what %' PeopleH SC1+ 12)H the &o!trine lai& &own in the ;u&, 7ent fi0e&' 9orrio?uinto %s' Fernan&e=H 82 Phil' )#2 has :een o%erturne&' + nest" presupposes the Pardoning E,e"-ti*e C e+en"y 619977 !o issionPo1er5 of a !ri e' 5t is in!onsistent for so eone to seeD for for,i%eness for a !ri e No' 12;he $o%ernor was !har,e& a& inistrati%el" whi!h &enies + ha%in, !o itte&' (People %s' with oppression an& was pla!e& un&er pre%enti%e PasilanH 1# SC1+ )9#)' suspension fro offi!e &urin, the pen&en!" of his Pardoning Po1er5 A+ne%ty 6199A7 !ase' Foun& ,uilt" of the !har,eH the Presi&ent No' 2: 7u!asH ranDin, :er of the N-FH was suspen&e& hi a fro offi!eefor ninet" &a"s' 7aterH !apture& :" poli!e a:out:" to :oar& a the Presi&ent ,rante&en hi while !le en!" re&u!in, passen,er :us :oun& for to Sorso,on' the perio& of his suspension the perio&Char,e& he has with re:ellion he Ei!e plea&e& not ?uestione& ,uilt" when alrea&" ser%e&' 3he $o%ernor the arrai,ne&' 9efore trial of he was ,rante& a:solute %ali&it" of the e0er!ise e0e!uti%e !le en!" on par&on :"that the Presi&ent to allow to the ,roun& it !oul& :e ,rante& onl" in hi !ri inalH parti!ipate in the!ases' pea!e talDs :etween the not a& inistrati%eH @ow shoul& the ?uestion ,o%ern ent an& the !o unist re:els' :e resol%e&L SU22ESTE! 3' 5nstea& of a ANS4ER: par&onH a" the Presi&ent ,rant the a!!use& 3he ar,u ent a of nest" the Ei!e if fa%ora:l" $o%ernor re!o shoul& en&e& :e :" the National re;e!te&' +s hel& + innest" 7la as Co%s' Ar:osH issionL202 /0plain' SC1+ 8##' the power of e0e!uti%e !le en!" e0ten&s to #' 8a" the a!!use& a%ail of the :enefits of of a& inistrati%e !ases' 5n ,rantin, the power a nest" &espite the upon fa!t the !ontinue& to e0e!uti%e !le en!" thehe Presi&entH Se!tion SU22ESTE! profess inno!en!eL ANS4ER: 19H +rti!le E55 of the /0plain' Constitution &oes not 3he Supre :etween SU22ESTE! e Court ANS4ER: shoul& rule that &eter* &istin,uish !ri inal an& a& his inistrati%e 3'ination 3he Se!tion Presi&ent is not !on!lusi%e a" ,rant upon the a!!use& !ourts' a 3he nest"' !ases' 19H +rti!le E55 of the Constitution 1987 Constitution +!!or&in, 9arrio?uinto allows a %s' !iti=enH Fernan&e=H in an 82 Phil' e0!lu&es i to pea!h ent !asesH whi!h are not appropriate pro!ee&in,H to file a petition )#2H !ri inal + !asesH nest" fro a" :e the,rante& s!ope of :efore the power or after of the ?uestionin, suffi!ien!" of the fa!tual :asis of institution e0e!uti%e !le of the the en!"' !ri inal 5f this prose!ution' power a" :e sai& pro!la ation' 8oreo%erH the power to e0er!ise& onl"

in !ri inal suspen& the !asesH pri%ile,e it woul& of the ha%e writ:een of ha:eas unne!essar" !orpus an& #' to e0!lu&e NoH the the power a!!use& i pea!h to i pose !annot ent !ases artial a%ailfro of law the this in%ol%e :enefits s!ope' the of 5f !urtail the Presi&ent ent an& !an suppression ,rant par&ons of !ertain in !ri :asi! inal !asesH !i%il a nest" if he !ontinues to profess his inno!en!e' ri,hts with an& ore reason in&i%i&ual he 7 free&o !an ,rant sH e0e!uti%e an&sin!e thus a nest" 5n Eera %s' PeopleH SC1+ 122' ne!essitate !le en!" in safe,uar&s a& inistrati%e Con,ress !asesH re%iew presupposes the !o :" ission of whi!h a an& !ri are e' less 5t is :" the Supre for serious' e an Court (59P %'to .aseeD oraHfor,i%eness $'1' No' in!onsistent a!!use& 1#128#H +u,ust 12H 2000)' for so ethin, whi!h he !lai s he has not Pardoning !o itte&' Po1er5 E,e"-ti*e C e+en"y 619997 Pardoning Po1er5 &rea"' Condition5 +' 3' 6hat 3he areSoli!itor the !onstitutional $eneral ar,ues li o# itations thatH on inthe an" e%entH the power Re*o"ation par&onin, &eter 6>A<899A7 of ination the Presi&entL of whether (2N) the re:ellion (1) 9runo still to ha& se%eral "ears to ser%e on his poses &an,er pu:li! safet" in%ol%es a ?uestion senten!e when he was !on&itionall" par&one& :" 9' -istin,uish an& aa nest"' of fa!t an& the :etween Supre epar&on Court is not trier of the Presi&ent' + on, the !on&itions pose& was (2N) fa!ts' 6hat shoul& :e the rulin, ofi the CourtL SU22ESTE! that he woul& ANS4ER: Cnot a,ain %iolate an" of the penal (2'2N) SU22ESTE! +' 3he followin, ANS4ER: are the9runo li itations on the laws of the Philippines'C a!!epte& all of the >u&i!ial power the &ut" of 5t the !ourts par&onin, power of the Presi&ent' 1) !annot :e of !on&itions an& in!lu&es was release&' Shortl" thereafterH ;usti!e was ,rante& to in !ases settle of a!tual !ontro%ersies in%ol%in, 9runo !har,e& with 2 !ounts of estafa' @e i pea!h ent; 2) are 1eprie%esH ri,hts whi!h le,all" &e utationsH an&a:le an& was then in!ar!erate& to !o ser%e the i e0pire& par&onH an& enfor!ea:leH to &eter ine whether or not there portion of hisan& senten!e followin, the re%o!ation :" re ission ofthe fines an& :e has Presi&ent :een a ,ra%e a:use offorfeitures &is!retion !an a ountin, to the of par&on' onl"of after !on%i!tion :" final la!D ,rante& or e0!ess ;uris&i!tion on the part of an" ;u&, :ran!h or ent' instru entalit" of the $o%ern ent (+rt' 3) 3he re!o en&ation6hen of the EinH Se!' 1H fa%ora:le par' 2H1987 Constitution)' the 9runoBs fa is il" file& for a!on&itional petition ha:eas CA8/7/C is re?uire& %iolationfor of su:;e!t ele!tion ,rant of power ?ualifie&H or to !orpusH alle,in, that it was error to ha%e hi lawsH rules an& re,ulations' li itationsH the issue of whether the pres!ri:e& re!o itte& as the !har,es were falseH ?ualifi!ations or !on&itions ha%e :een et or in the fa!tH half of the were alrea&" &is isse&' 9' +!!or&in, to 9arrio?uinto %' Fernan&e=H 82 li itations respe!te&H is ;usti!ia:le R the pro:le 1esol%e petition withare reasons' (#N) Phil' )#2Hof the followin, the &istin!tions :ein, one le,alit" or %ali&it"H not its wis&o ' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: :etween par&on an& a nest"' 3he petition shoul& not :e a!t ,i%en &ueust !ourse' 1 Par&on is a pri%ate an& :e 3he ,rant of an& par&on an& the person &eter par&one&; ination of the plea&e& pro%e& :" the +rti!le ter while sa an& E55H nest" !on&itions Se!tion is a pu:li! 18 of of a a!t !on&itional the of whi!h 1987 Constitution !ourts par&on taDe are P<1/7O ;u&i!ial noti!e; /M/C<35E/ +C3S whi!h are not spe!ifi!all" ,rants the Supre e Court the power 2 Par&on &oes not re?uire the to re%iewH su:;e!t toin ;u&i!ial an appropriate s!rutin"' pro!ee&in, 3he!on!urren!e a!!eptan!e file& :" of Con,ressH while a nest" re?uires the :asis thereof :" the !on%i!t or prisoner !arrie& withof it an" !iti=enH the suffi!ien!" of the fa!tual !on!urren!e of Con,ress; the pro!la authorit" ation or of power artial of law' the 3husH /0e!uti%e in the to 3 Par&on is ,rante& to in&i%i&ualsH while &eter whether a !on&ition or !on&itions of ust the atter ine of su!h &e!larationH two a nest"has is ,rante& to !lasses of persons or !on!ur: par&on (1) there or ha%e ust :een :e an %iolate&' a!tual in%asion 6here the or !o unities; Presi&ent opts (2) to re%oDe the !on&itional par&on re:ellion; an& pu:li! safet" ust re?uire it' # Par&on a"pronoun!e :e ,rante& an" 3he Supre ,i%enH no ;u&i!ial e Court !annot for ent rene,e of offenseH ,uilt on of its a while a nest"!ri is ,rante& for politi!al offenses; su:se?uent e tois&eter ne!essar"H u!h !onstitutional &ut" ine whether or less not 2 Par&on is ,rante& final !on%i!tionH the sai& !on%i!tion fa!tual therefor !on&itions :" finalafter ;u&, e0ist (59P ent of %' a .a !ourtH oraH in while a nest" a" :ea" ,rante& at an" ti e; an& or&er that a !on%i!t :e en&e& for the $'1' No' 1#128#H +u,ust 12Hre!o 2000)' ) Par&on an& relie%es the 3he %iolation of looDs his forwar& !on&itional par&on' #' Finall"H Soli!itor $eneral aintains offen&er fro the !onse?uen!es of offenseH &eter ination ofthe the o!!urren!e of his a :rea!h of a that the Presi&ent reporte& Con,ress su!h while a nest" :a!Dwar&to an& the person !on&ition of looDs a par&onH the proper pro!la ation of 8artial 7awH :ut as Con,ress &i& not ,rante& it stan&s :efore the:rea!hH law thou,h ha& !onse?uen!es of su!h is a he purel" re%oDe the no pro!la 6hat the effe!t of the !o itte& offense' e0e!uti%e a!tH notation' su:;e!t tois ;u&i!ial s!rutin"' ina!tion %' of $on=alesH Con,ress $'1' on the :rou,ht :" (3orres No' suit 7)872H >ul" 23H 1o:ert to the Supre e CourtL (2'2N) 1987) Pardoning Po1er5 E,e" C e+en"y5 Pardon SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 6199A7 3he ina!tion of Con,ress has no effe!t on the No' 7u!asH a 1o:ert ranDin,to the e :er of the N-FH was suit 2: :rou,ht :" Supre e Court as !apture& :"Se!tion poli!e 18 en pro%i&es while a:out to :oar& a +rti!le E555H for !he!Ds on passen,er :us :oun& for&e!lare Sorso,on' Char,e& the Presi&entBs power to artial law to with re:ellion separatel" he plea&e& not ,uilt" an& the :e e0er!ise& :" Con,ress

a) the issue &efine the three re,ar&in, of the the H an& hol&in, &ifferentiate of ultiple one fro the others' positionsL (3N) :) the issue on the pa" ent of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: a&&itional or &ou:le !o pensationL(2N) /0plain 3he ter s were &efine& an& &istin,uishe& fro "our answers full"' one another in People %' EeraH )2 Phil' 2)H 111* SU22ESTE! 112 (1930)H as ANS4ER: follows: (1) 1/P15/E/ (a) 5f 5 were theis ;u&,eH a postpone 5 woul& ent uphol& of the the %ali&it" e0e!ution of the &esi,nation of a senten!e of Se!retar" to a &a" 8!ertainH as e0 offi!io (2) e CA88<3+35AN :er of the 8onetar" is a re 9oar&H ission +s of state& a part in of Ci%il the punish 7i:erties <nion entH%' a /0e!uti%e su:stitution Se!retar"H of less penalt" 19# SC1+ for the one 317 (1991)H ori,inall" the prohi:ition i pose&' a,ainst the hol&in, of (3) + P+1-ANH on the other han&H is an of ultiple positions :" Ca:inet 8e :ers ina!t +rti!le ,ra!eH pro!ee&in, fro Constitution the power &oes entruste& with E55H Se!tion 13 of the not appl" the e0e!ution of the laws whi!h e0e !apa!it" pts the as to positions o!!upie& in an e0 offi!io in&i%i&ual:" onlaw who is re?uire& :estowe& fro pro%i&e& an&itas :" the the pri ar" punish ent the law infli!ts for a !ri e he has fun!tions of their offi!e' !o itte&' (:) 5f 5 were Po1er5 the >u&,eH 5 woul& rule that Se!retar" Pardoning Pardon3 Conditiona 619977 8 !annot re!ei%e an" a&&itional !o pensation' +s Ci%il 7i:erties <nion %' /0e!uti%e No'state& 1); + in while ser%in, i prison ent for estafa' Se!retar"H SC1+ 317 (1991)H a of Ca:inet upon re!o 19# en&ation of the 9oar& Par&ons 8e :er hol&in, an e0*offi!io position has no an& ParoleH was ,rante& par&on :" the Presi&ent ri,ht to re!ei%e a&&itional !o pensationH for his on !on&ition that he shoul& not a,ain %iolate an" ser%i!es in that are alrea&" pai& :" penal law of theposition lan&' 7aterH the 9oar& of for Par&ons the pensation to hisPresi&ent prin!ipal offi!e' an&!o Parole re!o atta!he& en&e& to the the !an!ellation of the par&on ,rante& hi :e!ause + ha& :een !har,e& with estafa on 20 !ounts an& Pro'ibition 0- ti$ e Po%ition% was !on%i!te&again%t of the offense !har,e& althou,h by he 2o*Jt O##i"ia % 619877 tooD an appeal therefro whi!h was still pen&in,' No' 5: +ssu e that law has :een passe& +s re!o en&e&H the a Presi&ent !an!ele& the !reatin, the /0port Control 9oar& !o pose& of: par&on he ha& ,rante& to +' + was thus arreste& 1 3he Se!retar" of 3ra&e an& 5n&ustr" as an& i prisone& to ser%e the :alan!e of his Chair an an& as 8e :ers: senten!e in the first !ase' + !lai e& in his petition 2 ha:eas 3he Chair anin of the Senate ittee on for !orpus file& !ourt that hisCo &etention 3ra&e an& 5n&ustr" was ille,al :e!ause he ha& not "et :een !on%i!te& 3final ;u&, +n +sso!iate >usti!e of thea Supre eto Court :" ent an& was not ,i%en !han!e &esi,nate& :" the Chief >usti!e :e hear& :efore he was re!o itte& to prison' 5s # ar,u 3he Co issioner of Custo sH an& +Bs ent %ali&L 2 3he Presi&ent of the Philippine Cha :er of Co er!e an& 5n&ustr"H SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he ar,u ent of + is not %ali&' +s hel& in 3orres %s' $on=ales' 122 SC1+ 272 a ;u&i!ial pronoun!e ent that a !on%i!t who was ,rante& a par&on su:;e!t to the !on&ition that he shoul& not a,ain %iolate an" penal law is not ne!essar" :efore he !an :e &e!lare& to ha%e %iolate& the !on&ition of his par&on' 8oreo%erH a hearin, is not ne!essar" :efore + !an :e re!o itte& to prison' 9" a!!eptin, the !on&itional par&onH +H a,ree& that the &eter ination :" the Presi&ent that he %iolate& the !on&ition of his par&on shall :e !on!lusi%e upon hi an& an or&er for his arrest shoul& at on!e issue' Pre%ident5 Parti"i$ation5 Legi% ati*e Pro"e%% 6199?7

No' 7: Can the Presi&ent taDe a!ti%e part in the le,islati%e pro!essL /0plain' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: OesH 3he Presi&ent !an taDe a!ti%e part in the le,islati%e pro!ess to the e0tent allowe& :" the Constitution' @e !an a&&ress Con,ress at an" ti e to propose the ena!t ent of !ertain laws' @e re!o en&s the ,eneral appropriations :ill' @e !an !all a spe!ial session of Con,ress at an" ti e' @e !an !ertif" to the ne!essit" of the i e&iate ena!t ent of a :ill to eet a pu:li! !ala it" or e er,en!"' @e !an %eto a :ill' Pre%identia I++-nity #ro+ S-it 619977 No' 13: <pon !o plaint of the in!u :ent Presi&ent of the 1epu:li!H C+C was !har,e& with li:el :efore the 1e,ional 3rial Court' C+C o%e& to &is iss the infor ation on the ,roun& that the Court ha& no ;uris&i!tion o%er the offense !har,e& :e!ause the Presi&entH :ein, i une fro suitH shoul& also :e &is?ualifie& fro filin, a !ase a,ainst C+C in !ourt' 1esol%e the otion' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he otion shoul& :e &enie& a!!or&in, to Soli%en us' 8aDasiarH 1)7 SC1+ 393H the i unit" of the Presi&ent fro suit is personal to the Presi&ent' 5t a" :e in%oDe& :" the Presi&ent onl" an& not :" an" other person' Pro'ibition Again%t 0- ti$ e Po%ition% B Additiona Co+$en%ation 689987 No E5' 8 is the Se!retar" of the -epart ent of Finan!e' @e is also an e0*offi!io e :er of the 8onetar" 9oar& of the 9an,Do Sentral n, Pilipinas fro whi!h he re!ei%es an a&&itional !o pensation for e%er" 9oar& eetin, atten&e&' NH a ta0pa"erH file& a suit in !ourt to &e!lare Se!retar" 8Bs e :ership in the 8onetar" 9oar& an& his re!eipt of a&&itional !o pensation ille,al an& in %iolation of the Constitution' N in%oDe& +rti!le E55H Se!tion 13 of the Constitution whi!h pro%i&es that the Presi&entH Ei!e*Presi&entH the 8e :ers of the Ca:inetH an& their &eputies or assistants shall notH unless otherwise pro%i&e& in the ConstitutionH hol& an" other offi!e or e plo" ent &urin, their tenure' N also !ite& +rti!le 5M*9H Se!tion 8 of the ConstitutionH whi!h pro%i&es that no ele!ti%e or appointi%e pu:li! offi!er or e plo"ee shall re!ei%e a&&itionalH &ou:leH or Pardoning Cind% 619887 in&ire!t !o Po1er5 pensationH unless spe!ifi!all" No' 2#: 3he first para,raph of Se!tion 19 how of authori=e& :" law' 5f "ou were the ;u&,eH +rti!le "ou E55 of the Constitution pro%i&in, for the woul& &e!i&e the followin,: par&onin, power of the Presi&entH entions reprie%eH !o utationH an& par&on' Please

reason in the !ase of the Se!retar" of 3ra&e an& 5n&ustr"H un&er +rt' 5MH 9H Se!' 7' (e) 3he e :ership of the Presi&ent of the Philippine Cha :er of Co er!e a" also :e uphel& on the ,roun& that Con,ress has the power to pres!ri:e ?ualifi!ations for the offi!e' S-%$en%ion o# 4rit o# Habea% Cor$-% 619977 (a) 6hen a" the pri%ile,e of the writ of ha:eas !orpus :e suspen&e&L (:) 5f %ali&l" &e!lare&H what woul& :e the full !onse?uen!es of su!h suspensionL SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: (a) <n&er Se!tion 1)H +rti!le E55 of the ConstitutionH the pri%ile,e of the writ of ha:eas !orpus a" :e suspen&e& when there is an in%asion or re:ellion an& pu:li! safet" re?uires it' (:) +!!or&in, to Se!tion 18H +rti!le E55 of the ConstitutionH the suspension of the pri%ile,e of the writ of ha:eas !orpus shall appl" onl" to persons ;u&i!iall" !har,e& with re:ellion or offenses 5nherent to or &ire!tl" !onne!te& with in%asion' +n" person arreste& or &etaine& shoul& :e ;u&i!iall" !har,e& within three &a"s' AtherwiseH he shoul& :e release&' 8oreo%erH un&er Se!tion 13' +rti!le 555 of the ConstitutionH the ri,ht to :ail shall not :e i paire& e%en when the pri%ile,e of the writ of ha:eas !orpus is suspen&e&'

as Se!retar" of 3ra&e an& 5n&ustr"' 3he pro%ision of +rtH E55H Se!H 13H prohi:itin, Ca:inet e :ers fro hol&in, an" other offi!e or e plo" entH is su:;e!t to the e0!eptions in +rt' 5MH 9H Se!' 7' :' -ean Sin!o :elie%es that e :ers of Con,ress !annot :e e :ers of the 9oar& of 1e,ents of the <ni%ersit" of the Philippines un&er the 5n!o pati:ilit" Clause of the 1932 Constitution whi!h is si ilar to the pro%ision of +rt' E5H Se!' 13 of the present Constitution' <n&er this %iewH the e :ership of the Chair an of the Senate Co ittee on 3ra&e an& 5n&ustr" in the /0port Control 9oar& !annot :e sustaine&' (Sin!oH Philippine Politi!al 7aw 13) (llth /&' 19)2)' 8oreo%erH sin!e the apparent ;ustifi!ation for the e :ership of the Chair an of the Senate Co ittee is to ai& hi in his le,islati%e fun!tionsH this purpose !an easil" :e a!hie%e& throu,h le,islati%e in%esti,ations un&er +rt' E5H Se!'21' An the other han&H -ean Cortes appears to su,,est a !ontrar" %iewH notin, that after the &e!ision in $o%ern ent of the Philippine 5slan&s %' Sprin,er 20 Phil' 229 (1927)H in %ali&atin, the law &esi,natin, the Senate Presi&ent an& SpeaDer as e :ers of the 9oar& of Control of ,o%ern ent !orporationsH no other &e!ision has :een ren&ere&' An the !ontrar"H laws ha%e :een ena!te&H aDin, e :ers of Con,ress e :ers of %arious :oar&s' 5n&ee&H the e :ership of the Chair an of the Senate Co ittee on 3ra&e an& 5n&ustr" a" :e uphel& as :ein, in ai& of his le,islati%e fun!tions sin!e what is prohi:ite& :" +rt' E5H Se!' 13 is the a!!eptan!e of an in!o pati:le offi!e or e plo" ent in the ,o%ern ent' (CortesH Philippine Presi&en!"H pp' 111112(19)))) (!) 3he &esi,nation of an +sso!iate >usti!e of the Supre e Court !annot :e sustaine& :ein, the i position on the e :ers of the CourtH of non*;u&i!ial &utiesH !ontrar" to the prin!iple of separation of powers' 5t is ;u&i!ial power an& ;u&i!ial power onl" whi!h the Supre e Court an& its e :ers a" e0er!ise' (+rt E555' Se!' 1; 8anila /le!tri! Co' %' Pasa" 3rans' Co'H 27 Phil' )00 (1932)) (&) 3he Co issioner of Custo s e :er of the 9oar& for the sa e a" :e a&e

ARTICLE (III .-di"ia !e$art+ent

Ca%e% to be Heard En &an"5 S-$re+e Co-rt 619997 No M5 * /nu erate the !ases re?uire& :" the Constitution to :e hear& en :an! :" the Supre e CourtL (2N) SU22ESTE! 3he National ANS4ER: Constitutional +sso!iation of the 3he followin, arefile& the suit !ases :" the Philippines has to re?uire& !hallen,e Constitution to :e en :an! :" the Supre e !onstitutionalit" of hear& the law' Court: -eter ine whether the the e!onstitutionalit" :ership of ea!h (1) Cases in%ol%in, of aof the a:o%e in the 9oar& !an :e uphel&' Cite treat"H international or e0e!uti%e a,ree entH or law; rele%ant !onstitutional pro%isions' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: (2) Casesanship whi!h of un&er the 1ules of 3ra&e Court a' 3he !hair the Se!retar" are :an!' an& re?uire& 5n&ustr" to in :e thehear& 9oar&en !an :e uphel& on the :asis +rt' 5MH 9H Se!' 7H whi!h allows (3) ofCases in%ol%in, the !onstitutionalit"H appointi%e offi!ials to hol& other offi!es allowe& appli!ationH or operation of presi&ential if &e!reesH :" law (su!h as the law in this !ase !reatin, the an& pro!la ationsH or&ersH instru!tionsH or&inan!esH /0port Control 9oar&) or ;ustifie& :" the pri ar" other re,ulations; fun!tions of their offi!es' 3he fun!tions of the 9oar& is relate& to his fun!tions

Central No' 8; 3he 9anDC +9C in 1ealt"H the 9anDBs 5n!H e0er!ise file& a !oof plaint its re,ulator" power o%er spe!ifi! of forei,n e0!han,e a,ainst 1i!o for the !olle!tion unpai& transa!tions' install ents on a su:&i%ision lot pur!hase& :" the latterH 1i!o faile& to file an answerH was &e!lare& 6oul& thisan& :e a %ali& easureL in &efault; after re!eption of /0plain' plaintiffs SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: e%i&en!e e0 parteH ;u&, ent was ren&ere& OesH the is %ali&':e!a 5n 8antruste S"ste sH a,ainst hi easure ' 3he &e!ision e finalH an& upon 5n!' %s':" Court of +ppealsH 179 issue& SC1+ a13)H the otion +9C 1ealt"H the ;u&,e writ of Supre e Court hel& that a law prohi:itin, the e0e!ution' issuan!e of an in;un!tion is %ali&H :e!ause un&er 1i!o now2H files a otion the writ an& tothe Se!tion +rti!le E555 to of?uash the ConstitutionH %a!ate the >u&, ent !onten&in, that it is the ;uris&i!tion of the !ourts a" :e &efine& :" law' @ousin, an& 7an& <se 1e,ulator" 9oar& ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: (@7<19) whi!h is %este& with ori,inal an& Sin!e un&er Se!tionso%er 1 an& 2(2)H +rti!le the E555 of e0!lusi%e >uris&i!tion !ases in%ol%in, the the 1i!o !ourts are for ,i%en real ConstitutionH estate :usiness' pra"s thethe &is power issal of the >u&i!ial re%iewH easure is the %oi&H Su!h !o plaint an& the for the nullit" of &e!ision' power preser%e&' 3he ar,uin, issuan!e 3he realt"ust fir :e opposes the otion thatof restrainin, or&ers an& 5n;un!tions is an& in ai& of the un&er 9P 129H 13Cs ha%e e0!lusi%e ori,inal power of ;u&i!ial re%iew' ;uris&i!tion o%er !ases in whi!h the a ount of !ontro%ers" e0!ee&s P20H000'00' +nswer the .-di"ia &ar Co-n"i 619887 followin, B ?ueries: 1) 6ho has ;uris&i!tion o%er the No' 11: + no%el feature of the presentha%in, Constitution !olle!tion suitL 2) 3he 13C &e!isionH is the >u&i!ial an&e0e!utor"H 9ar Coun!il' Please state: :e!o e final an& !an it still :e %a!ate&L SU22ESTE! 1' 5ts prin!ipal fun!tion; ANS4ER: 1T 5ts 2' 3he !o @7<19 position; 2) OesH an& the &e!ision of the 3' 6ho super%ises itH!an an&still taDes !are of its 1e,ional 3rial Court :e %a!ate&H e%en if appropriationsL it has :e!o e final an& e0e!utor"' Sin!e the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 1e,ional 3rial Court ha& no ;uris&i!tion o%er the 1' 3hethe >u&i!ial an&is 9ar Coun!il has the prin!ipal !aseH &e!ision %oi&' fun!tion of re!o en&in, appointees to the >u&i!iar"' 5t a" e0er!ise su!h other fun!tions Fi%"a A-tono+y 619997 e Court a" assi,n to an& &uties as the Supre No M5 * E555H 6hat &o 8(2))' "ou un&erstan& :" the an&ate it' (+rt' se!' of the Constitution that the ;u&i!iar" shall en;o" 2' 3he >9C is !o pose& the Chief >usti!e as fis!al autono "L Cite theof !onstitutional pro%isions e0 offi!io Chair anH the Se!retar" of >usti!e an& !al!ulate& to :rin, a:out the reali=ation of the sai& a representati%e of the Con,ress as e0 offi!io !onstitutional an&ate' (2N) 8e :ersH a representati%e of the 5nte,rate& 9arH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: a professor of lawH a retire& 8e :er of the <n&er Se!tion Supre e CourtH 3Han& +rti!le a representati%e E555 of the ConstitutionH of the the fis!al pri%ate se!tor' autono (+rt' " E555H of the se!' >u&i!iar" 8(1))' eans that appropriations for the >u&i!iar" a" not :e re&u!e& :" the le,islature :elow the a ount appropriate& for the pre%ious "ear an&H after appro%alH shall :e auto ati!all" an& re,ularl" release&' 5n 9en,=on %' -rilonH 208 SC1+ 133H the Supre e Court e0plaine& that fis!al autono " !onte plates a ,uarantee of full fle0i:ilit" to allo!ate an& utili=e resour!es with the wis&o an& &ispat!h that the nee&s re?uire' 5t re!o,ni=es the power an& authorit" to &en"H assess an& !olle!t feesH fi0 rates of !o pensation not e0!ee&in, the hi,hest rates authori=e& :" law for !o pensation an& pa"

(#) ofCases hear& ent :" a &i%ision when the plans the ,o%ern an& allo!ate an& re?uire& su!h a;orit" &is:urse su issnot as o:taine&; a" :e pro%i&e& :" law or pres!ri:e& :" it in the !ourse of the &is!har,e (2) Cases where a &o!trine or prin!iple of law of its fun!tions' pre%iousl" lai& &own will :e o&ifie& or re%erse&; F-n"tion5 Contin-ing Con%tit-tiona Con*ention ()) +& inistrati%e !ases a,ainst ;u&,es when 689997 the penalt" &is issal; No 5' **Aneis Senator re an& arDe& that the Supre e Court is a !ontinuin, Constitutional Con%ention' (7) /le!tion !ontests for Presi&ent or Ei!e* -o "ou a,reeL /0plain' (2N) Presi&ent' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 5 &o not a,ree that the Supre e Court is a Conte+$t Constitutional Po1er% 6199?7 !ontinuin, Con%ention' 3he !riti!is No' 3: 2) An &a" of the trial ofe0er!isin, a rape* its is :ase& on the the first assu ption that in ur&erof !ase where the %i!ti was a e popular power ;u&i!ial re%iew the Supre Court 3E 5s not starH o%er a hun&re& of her fans rallie& at erel" interpretin, the Constitution :ut isthe tr"in, to entran!e of the !ourthouseH ea!h !arr"in, re aDe the $o%ern ent on the :asisa of the pla!ar& &epre&ile!tions an&in, the !on%i!tion of the a!!use& personal of the 8e :ers of the an& the e i position of the penalt" on properl" hi ' Supre CourtH this is &eath a power that 3he rall" was an& &i&an& not &istur: :elon,s to pea!eful the people their the ele!te& pro!ee&in,s of the !ase' a) Can the trial !ourt representati%es' or&er the &ispersal of the rall"ists un&er pain of 3he Supre e Court !annot !ases erel" :ein, punishe& for !onte pt &e!i&e of !ourtH if the" fail to on the :asis of the of the 5t has &o soL /0plain' :) letter 5f instea& of Constitution' a rall"H the fans of to the letters Constitution ,i%e effe!t to the theinterpret %i!ti wrote to the to newspaper e&itors intent of its the fra !on%i!tion ers an& ofof the people a&optin, it' &e an&in, the a!!use&H !an the 5n 5nterpretin, the ConstitutionH the Supre e trial !ourt punish the for !onte ptL /0plain' Court has to a&opt it to the e%er*!han,in, !ir!u stan!es of so!iet"' 6hen the Supre e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Court striDes &own an a!t of the 7e,islati%e or the 2' a) OesH the trial !an the &ispersal of /0e!uti%e -epart !ourt entH it is or&er erel" &is!har,in, its the rall" un&er pain of :ein, !ite& for !onte pt'ine &ut" un&er the Constitution to &eter 3he purpose of the is to atte pt to influen!e !onfli!tin, !lai s ofrall" authorit"' the a& inistration of >usti!e' +s state& in People %s' FloresH 239 SC1+ ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: 83H an" !on&u!t :" an" 3o a whi!h !ertain e0tentH the or Supre e Court is a part" ten&s to &ire!tl" in&ire!tl" 5 pe&eH !ontinuin, Constitutional 6hen isa o:stru!t or &e,ra&e the a& Con%ention' inistration of ;usti!e !ase is to :rou,ht in !ourt in%ol%in, a !onstitutional su:;e!t the !onte pt powers of the !ourt' issue' 5t :e!o es ne!essar" to interpret the ConstitutionH Sin!e the Supre e Court is supre e :) NoH the !annot for !onte ofptthe within its trial own!ourt sphereH itspunish interpretation the fans of the %i!ti wrote to the Constitution will for who part of the letters law of the lan&' newspaper e&itors asDin, for the !on%i!tion of the a!!use&' Sin!e the letters were not a&&resse& to I%%-an"e Re%training Order% and InE-n"tion% the >u&,e o# an& the pu:li!ation of the letters o!!urre& outsi&e the !ourtH the fans !annot :e 619987 No' 7: Con,ress is !onsi&erin, new easures to punishe& in the a:sen!e of a !lear an& present en!oura,e forei,n !orporations to 5n :rin, their &an,er to the a& inistration of >usti!e' in%est ents the Philippines' Con,ress Ca:ansa, %s' to Fernan&e=H 102 Phil 122H it was has foun& that in%est ents are &eterre& :" the hel& that a forei,n part" who wrote to the Presi&ential un!ertain in%est ent !li in to the Co plaints an& +!tion Co ate ittee !oPhilippines' plain Ane of su!h hei,htene& a:outsour!e the &ela" in theun!ertaint" &isposition is of the his !ase ;u&i!ial inter%ention in in%est ent pt atters' !oul& not :e punishe& for !onte in the a:sen!e of a !lear an& present &an,er to the fair a& inistration of >usti!e' Ane su!h easure pro%i&es that Cno !ourt or Finainistrati%e a& ity o# (oid a,en!" .-dg+ent% shall issue 6199:7 an" restrainin, or&er or in;un!tion a,ainst the

()) 3he Supre e Court has a& inistrati%e super%ision o%er all lower !ourts an& their personnel' (7) 3he Supre e Court has e0!lusi%e power to &is!ipline >u&,es of lower !ourts' (8) 3he 8e :ers of the >u&i!iar" ha%e se!urit" of tenureH whi!h !annot :e un&er ine& :" a law reor,ani=in, the >u&i!iar"' (9) 8e :ers of the >u&i!iar" !annot :e &esi,nate& to an" a,en!" perfor in, ?uasi* >u&i!ial or a& inistrati%e fun!tions' (10) 3he salaries of 8e :ers of the >u&i!iar" !annot :e &e!rease& &urin, their !ontinuan!e in offi!e' (11) 3he >u&i!iar" has fis!al autono "' (12) 3he Supre e Court has e0!lusi%e power to pro ul,ate rules of plea&in,H pra!ti!e an& pro!e&ure' (13) Anl" the Supre e Court !an te poraril" assi,n ;u&,es to other stations' (1#) 5t is the Supre e Court who appoints all offi!ials an& e plo"ees of the >u&i!iar"' (Cru=H Philippine Politi!al 7awH 1992 e&' (pp' 229*31')

.-di"ia Po1er 619897 No' 10: 6here is ;u&i!ial power %este&L 6hat are in!lu&e& in su!h powerL SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: +!!or&in, to Se!tion 1H +rti!le E555 of the 1987 ConstitutionH ;u&i!ial power is %este& in one Supre e Court an& in su!h lower !ourts as a" :e esta:lishe& :" law' 5t in!lu&es the &ut" of the !ourts of ;usti!e to settle a!tual !ontro%ersies in%ol%in, ri,hts whi!h are le,all" &e an&a:le an& enfor!ea:leH an& to &eter ine whether or not 3H 3he has Supre e Court super%ises an& there :een a ,ra%e a:use the of >9C &is!retion pro%i&es into the annual :u&,et the Court the a ountin, la!D or e0!ess of of ;uris&i!tion on the appropriations of the >9C' E555H se!' 8(#))' part of an" :ran!h or (+rt' instru entalit" of the $o%ern ent' .-di"ia B &ar Co-n"i 619997 .-di"ia Po1er No M5 * 6hat is619987 the !o position of the >u&i!ial No' + !ase wasan& file& the :efore San&i,an:a"an an& 8: 9ar Coun!il ter the of offi!e of its re,ar&in, re,ular ea ?uestiona:le :ersL (2N) ,o%ern ent transa!tion' 5n the !ourseANS4ER: of the pro!ee&in,sH newspapers SU22ESTE! linDe& the na e9ar of Coun!il Senatoris>' 7eon of tothe the 3he >u&i!ial an& !o&epose& s!an&al' followin,: 1' 3he Chief >usti!e as e0 offi!io !hair an;

1 3he Se!retar" of >usti!e e0 offi!io to Senator &e 7eon tooD the floor ofas the Senate e :er; speaD on a C atter of personal pri%ile,eC to 2 + his representati%e of Con,ress as e0 offi!io %in&i!ate honor a,ainst those C:aseless an& e :er; alle,ations' 3he atter was referre& to ali!iousC 3 Co + representati%e of the 5nte,rate& the ittee on +!!ounta:ilit" of Pu:li! 9ar; # +whi!h professor of law; to !on&u!t a le,islati%e Affi!ersH pro!ee&e& 2 + retire& of the 8r' Supre e Court; in?uir"' 3he Co >usti!e ittee asDe& Ein!e an& 7e&es aH a :usiness an linDe& to the transa!tion ) now +a representati%e of thethe pri%ate se!tor' an& respon&ent :efore San&i,an:a"anH (Se!tion 8an& (1)H to +rti!le E555 of the Constitution) to appear testif" :efore the Co ittee' 3he ter of offi!e of the re,ular e :ers is four (#) "ears' (Se!tion 8(2)H +rti!le E555 of the 8r 7e&es a refuses to appear an& file suit :efore Constitution) the Supre e Court to !hallen,e the le,alit" of the .-di"ia !e$art+ent5 A+$aro 619917 pro!ee&in,s :efore the4rit Co o# ittee' @e also asDs No 1: 6hat is a Constitutional writ of paro whether the Co ittee ha& the power to + re?uire an& to what is the :asisthe forissues su!h a re e&" un&er hi testif"' 5&entif" 5n%ol%e& an& the ConstitutionL resol%e the ' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! 3he writ of ANS4ER: + paro in 8e0i!an law is an 3he issues in%ol%e& inwhere:" this !asean are the followin,: e0traor&inar" re e&" intereste& part" a" seeD the in%ali&ation of an" e0e!uti%eH 1 6hether or not the Supre e Court hasof a le,islati%e or ;u&i!ial a!t &ee e& in %iolation ;uris&i!tion tori,ht' entertain !ase; of su!h a re e&" fun&a ental 3he the a&option 2 6hether or not ittee in the Philippines a"the :eCo :ase& on on +rti!le E555H +!!ounta:ilit" ofConstitutionH Pu:li! Affi!ers has e thepowers power to Se!' 2(2) of the whi!h the in%esti,ate a atter is in%ol%e& a !ase Supre e Court to whi!h pro ul,ate rulesin!on!ernin, pen&in, in !ourt; an& the prote!tion an& enfor!e ent of !onstitutional 3 6hether or not the petitioner !an in%oDe ri,hts' his ri,ht a,ainst self*in!ri ination' .-di"ia Inde$enden"e5 Sa#eg-ard 689997 No 5' Na e at least three !onstitutional safe,uar&s to aintain ;u&i!ial in&epen&en!e' (3N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he followin, are the !onstitutional safe,uar&s to aintain ;u&i!ial in&epen&en!e: (1) 3he Supre e Court is a !onstitutional :o&" an& !annot :e a:olishe& :" ere le,islation' (2) 3he e :ers of the Supre e Court !annot :e re o%e& e0!ept :" i pea!h ent' (3) 3he Supre e Court !annot :e &epri%e& of its ini u ;uris&i!tion pres!ri:e& in Se!tion 2H +rti!le M of the Constitution' (#) 3he appellate ;uris&i!tion of the Supre e Court !annot :e in!rease& :" law without its a&%i!e an& !on!urren!e' (2) +ppointees to the >u&i!iar" are no inate& :" the >u&i!ial an& 9ar Coun!il an& are not su:;e!t to !onfir ation :" the Co ission on +ppoint ents'

.-di"ia Re*ie15 Lo"-% Standi 619987 a ountin, the power plantH to la!D :e!ause or e0!ess no of pu:li! ;uris&i!tion fun&s will on :e the .-di"ia No' ): Po1er 3he 619987 Philippine /n%iron entalistsB spent part offor an" its:ran!h operation' or instru +s hel& entalit" in $on=ales of the %s' 5E' +n&res +n, Ar,ani=ation for was NatureH :orn of a a &ul" Chinese re!o,ni=e& father an& non*a 8ar!osH $o%ern )2 ent' SC1+ +s hel& )2#H in a 8ar!os ta0pa"er us'has 8an,lapusH no Filipino ental otheror,ani=ationH in Sorso,onH inten&s Sorso,on' on >anuar" ,o%ern to file suit to stan&in, 177 SC1+ to ))8' file athis !ase pro%ision if no e0pen&iture li its resort of to pu:li! the 20H 1973' en;oin the 5n Philippine 1988' his $o%ern father was ent fro naturali=e&as allo!atin,a fun&s politi!al is ?uestion in%ol%e&'&o!trine an& :roa&ens the s!ope Filipino 8a" 11H1998' +n&res +n,5n was fun&s to!iti=en' operateAn a power plant at 8ount 3u:a a of ;uri&i!al in?uir" into areas whi!h the !ourts no 1932 e an& :er the or 1973 offi!er of the Philippine un&er the Constitutions woul& ele!te& 1epresentati%e southern islan&' 3he" !lai of the that First there-istri!t was no of Sin!e nor all" ha%e entalistsB left toAr,ani=ation the politi!al &epart :elon,s ents to to the Sorso,on' >uan 9onto who 5n&i,enous re!ei%e& the !ultural se!on& /n%iron !onsultation with the &e!i&e' in&i,enous !o unit"H none of the ri,hts hi,hest !o unit" nu whi!h :er of will %otesH :e &ispla!e& file& a petition fro an!estral for (uo affe!te& ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: the Philippine /n%iron entalistsB Ar,ani=ation 6arrantoessential a,ainst +n,' petition was file& an& with of lan&s to 3he their li%elihoo& <n&er 1932 an& ConstitutionsH there of the its offi!ers an& 1973 e :ers are affe!te&' 5n the @ouse of in&ispensa:le to 1epresentati%e their reli,ious pra!ti!es' /le!toral 3ri:unal an& was no pro%ision &efinin, s!ope of ;u&i!ial with the rulin, the in National /!ono i! (@1/3)' 9onto !onten&s that +n, is not a natural a!!or&an!e 1 3he or,ani=ation is :ase& in 8aDati' +ll itsis Prote!tionis power as %este& in the %s' ;u&i!iar"' 6hile these +sso!iation An,pinH 171 SC1+ :orn !iti=en of the Philippines an& therefore offi!ers li%e to an& worD in 8aDati' Not one of its offi!ers)27H ConstitutionsH :oth pro%i&e& for %esture of the or,ani=ation has no stan&in, to ;u&i!ial file the &is?ualifie& :e a e :er of the @ouse' or e :ers :elon, to the affe!te& in&i,enous !ultural !ase' power Cin one Supre e Court an& in su!h inferior !o unit"' -o the" ha%e the stan&in, in this &isputeL !ourts as a" :e esta:lishe& :" lawHC the" were /0plain' .-di"ia Re*ie15 ReF-i%ite% 6199;7 silent as to the s!ope of su!h power' 3he @1/3 rule& inanswer fa%or of 9onto file& a 2 6oul& "our :e+n,' &ifferent if the Philippine No' 2: 2) +ssu e that the !onstitutional ?uestion petitionCorporationH Power for !ertiorariain pri%ate the Supre !o pan"H e Court' were 3he to operate raise& in a petition :efore the Supre e Court is followin, the plantL issues /0plain' are raise&: 3he 5is 1987 ConstitutionH on theatother re* the ota of the !aseH ,i%e least han&H two other 1 6hether the !ase is ;usti!ia:le !onsi&erin, that wrote the pro%isions on the %esture of ;u&i!ial re?uire ents :efore the Court will e0er!ise its +rti!le E5' Se!tion SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 17 of the Constitution &e!lares the power of ori,inall" ;u&i!ial appearin, re%iewL in the 1932 an& 1973 @1/3 a) <n&er to :e Se!tion the Csole 2H +rti!le >u&,eC M55 of of allthe !ontests ConstitutionH relatin, to SU22ESTE! the ANS4ER: ConstitutionsH as follows: ele!tion returns an&prote!t &is?ualifi!ations of ofe !ultural :ers of the the State shoul& the ri,hts 2) C3he +!!or&in, ;u&i!ial to power 8a!asiano shall :e %s' %este& National in one @ousin, @ouse of 1epresentati%es' 5n&i,enous !o unities to P2NQ their an!estral lan&s to Supre e22# Court an& in23)H su!h lower !ourts as +uthorit"H SC1+ in a&&ition to the 2 6hether +n, is a<n&er natural :o !iti=en of a" :e esta:lishe& :" law' ensure their well*:ein,' Se!tion 17H +rti!le re?uire ent that the !onstitutional ?uestion raise& M5E of the ConstitutionH the State shoul& prote!t :e the lis ota of the !aseH the followin, C>u&i!ial power &ut" of the !ourts the ri,hts of in&i,enous !ultural !o unities to re?uisites ust :ein!lu&es present the for the e0er!ise of the the Philippines' W2NQ @ow this !ase :e an& of of ;usti!e to settle a!tual !ontro%ersies preser%e an& &e%elop thisshoul& !ulturesH tra&itionsH power ;u&i!ial re%iew: &e!i&e&L SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 5n%ol%in, ri,hts whi!h are le,all" &e an&a:le institutions an& shoul& !onsi&er these ri,hts in the 1 3here ust :e an a!tual !ase or an& enfor!ea:leH an& to &eter ine whether or for ulation of national plans an& poli!ies' 3he !ontro%ers" in%ol%in, a !onfli!t of le,al ri,hts 1' 3heent !ase is ;usti!ia:le' +s state& 5n:e!ause 7a=atin it +llnot these 5ssues in the !ase of there has were :een resol%e& a ,ra%e a:use of &is!retion ,o%ern %iolate& these pro%isionsH sus!epti:le of >u&i!ial &eter ination; %s' @ouse /le!toral 3ri:unal 1)8 SC1+ 391H #0#H 9en,=on %s' Senate 9lue 1i::on Co itteeH a ountin, to la!D or e0!ess of >uris&i!tion on &e!i&e& to operate the power plant without 2 3he !onstitutional ?uestion ust :e raise& sin!e ;u&i!ial power in!lu&es the &ut" 203 SC1+ 7)7' the part of an" :ran!h or instru entalit" of the !onsultin, the in&i,enous !ultural !o to unit" an& :" the proper part"; an& &eter ine whether or power not there haswill :een a ,ra%e $o%ern ent'C (Se!' 1' +rt' E555) the operation of the plant result in its 3 3he !onstitutional ?uestion ust :e raise& a:use of &is!retion a ountin, to la!D or e0!ess 3he Supre e Court has ;uris&i!tion o%er the &ispla!e ent' at the earliest opportunit"' of ;uris&i!tion on the part of an" :ran!h or !aseH :e!ause it in%ol%es the ?uestion of whether instru entalit" of the $o%ern entH the Supre e 3he se!on& the !ite& pro%ision was or not the Copara,raph ittee on of +!!ounta:ilit" of Pu:li! Court has the power to re%iew the &e!isions of not foun& inthe the 1932toan& 1973 ConstitutionH it Affi!ers has power !on&u!t the 5f the pro;e!te& lawsuit will :e/le!toral :ase& on %iolation the @ouse of 1epresentati%es 3ri:unal !ontains a <n&er new &efinition of ;u&i!ial power in%esti,ation' Se!tion 1H +rti!le E555 of the in !ase of the of ,ra%e ri,hts +:use of the of &is!retion in&i,enous on its part' !ultural parti!ularl" s!ope thereof' 3he first ConstitutionHthe ;u&i!ial power in!lu&es the &ut"portion of !o unitiesH the Philippine /n%iron entalists thereof represents the tra&itional !on!ept of the !ourts to &eter ine whether or not an" :ran!h 2' +n&res +n,will shoul& :e no !onsi&ere& a natural Ar,ani=ation ha%e stan&in, to file the >u&i!ial powerH in%ol%in, the settle ent of of of the ,o%ern ent is a!tin, with ,ra%e of a:use :orn !iti=en Philippines' !ase' None of the its offi!ers an& '''' e :ers :elon, to !onfli!tin, ri,hts as :" presu a:l" &is!retion a ountin, tolawH la!D whi!h of ;uris&i!tion' 3he was the in&i,enous !ultural !o unit"' None of their i pli!itittee in the 1932 an& 1973 Constitutions' Co on +!!ounta:ilit" of Pu:li! Affi!ers 3he .-di"ia S"o$e 6199;7 ri,hts arePo1er5 affe!te&' se!on& (latter)to portion of thethe &efinition represents has no power in%esti,ate s!an&al' Sin!e a No' 2: 1T 6hat is the &ifferen!eH if an"' :etween :roa&enin, the s!ope ;u&i!ial power in orH in the the s!an&al of is in%ol%e& inof a !ase pen&in, !ourtH 5f the lawsuit seeD to en;oinun&er the use of 1987 pu:li! the s!ope ofwill >u&i!ial power the lan,ua,e of thewill Supre e CourtH !onfer ent of the in%esti,ation en!roa!h upon the e0!lusi%e fun&s to operate the han&H power an& plantH the1932 Philippine Constitution on one the an& Ce0pan&e& >uris&i!tionC on the (-a=a &o ain of the !ourt' 3o allow the>u&i!iar" in%esti,ation will%' /n%iron entalistsB on Ar,ani=ation !an file a 1973 Constitutions the otherL Sin,sonH SC1+ of #9)) to ena:le the !ourts to !reate the180 possi:ilit" !onfli!tin, ;u&, ents SU22ESTE! ta0pa"erBs suit'ANS4ER: +s hel& in 8a!e&a us' 8a!arai,H re%iew the of an& &is!retion :" 5fthe :etween thee0er!ise !o ittee the !ourt' the politi!al 3he s!ope of 771H ;u&i!ial un&er the stan&in, 1987 197 SC1+ a power ta0pa"er has to &epart of!o ,o%ern ent' 3his new prero,ati%e &e!isionents of the ittee were rea!he& :efore Constitution :roa&er than its s!ope un&er the ?uestion the is ille,al e0pen&iture of pu:li! fun&s' of the as un&er 1987 that of ;u&i!iar" the !ourtH it now i,htre!o,ni=e& influen!e the ;u&,the ent 1932 an& 1973 Constitution :e!ause of the Constitution of the !ourt' was not !onstitutionall" per issi:le se!on& para,raph of Se!tion 1H +rti!le E555 of the un&er the 1932 an& 1973 Charters' :) 3he Philippine /n%iron entalists 1987 ConstitutionH whi!h states that Ar,ani=ation it in!lu&es will ha%eto no stan&in, file theor !ase it is a the &ut" &eter ine to whether not if there has 3he petitioner !an in%oDe his ri,ht a,ainst self* pri%ate pan" thatof will operate :een a !o ,ra%e a:use &is!retion in!ri inationH '''

SU22ESTE! otion ar,uin,ANS4ER: that un&er 9P 129H 13Cs ha%e e0!lusi%e1H Se!tion an& +rti!le ori,inal E555 ;uris&i!tion of the Constitution o%er !ases inhas whi!h the a e0pan&e& the ount s!ope of !ontro%ers" of ;u&i!ial power e0!ee&s :" in!lu&in, P20H000'00' +nswer theof followin, the &ut" of the !ourts >usti!e ?ueries: to settle a!tual (1) 6ho has ;uris&i!tion thewhi!h !olle!tion !ontro%ersies in%ol%in, o%er ri,hts are suitL le,all" &e an&a:le an& enfor!ea:leH an& to &eter ine (2) 3he 13C &e!isionH ha%in, :e!o e final an& of whether or not there has :een a ,ra%e a:use e0e!utor"H !an it still :e %a!ate&L &is!retion a ountin, to la!D or e0!ess of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ;uris&i!tion on the part of an" :ran!h or 1T +s hel& in /state -e%elopers 5n%estors instru entalit" of the $o%ern ent' an& 5n 8ar!os %s' Corporation %s' Court of +ppealsH SC1+ 323H 8an,lapusH 177 SC1+ ))8H the 213 Supre e Court pursuant to :e!ause Presi&ential -e!ree No' 13##H it a" is state& that of this !ourts of ;usti!e the @ousin, an& 7an& if <se 1e,ulator" &e!i&e politi!al ?uestions there was ,ra%e 9oar& a:use whi!h has ;uris&i!tion the or !lai of a of &is!retion a ountin, o%er to la!D e0!ess of &e%eloper a,ainst a :u"er for offi!ial the pa" ent of the ;uris&i!tion on the part of the whose a!tion :alan!e of the pur!hase pri!e of a lot' 3he is :ein, ?uestione&' ;uris&i!tion of the 1e,ional 3rial Court o%er !ases in whi!h the a ount of !ontro%ers" e0!ee&s Po iti"a >-e%tion: Se$aration Po1er% P20H000'00 e0ists onl" in all !aseso#where the 6899;7 !ase &oes not otherwise fall within the e0!lusi%e (:) S-A was ele!te& an' 9efore ;uris&i!tion of an" otherCon,ress !ourtH tri:unalH person the or en& first "ear in offi!eH he ph"si!al :o&"of his e0er!isin, >u&i!ial or infli!te& ?uasi*;u&i!ial in;uries on a !ollea,ueH /3H in the !ourse of a fun!tionsH heate& &e:ate' Char,es were file& in !ourt a,ainst 2) OesH it is %oi&'''' hi as :e!ause well as in the @ouse /thi!s Co ittee' 7aterH the @ouse of 1epresentati%esH &i%i&in, 0andatory Period For to !e"iding alon, part" linesH %ote& e0pel hiCa%e% ' Clai 619897 in, that No' 10: (2) -espite lapse of an& # onths fro :" his e0pulsion was the railroa&e& tainte& the ti e that the trial was ter inate& an& the :ri:er"H he file& a petition seeDin, a &e!laration :" !ase su: itte& for &e!isionH the trial !ourt faile& the Supre e Court that the @ouse ,ra%el" a:use& to the !ase' 3he &efense !ounsel o%e& its &e!i&e &is!retion an& %iolate& the Constitution' @e to &is iss the !ase on the ,roun& that after the pra"e& that his e0pulsion :e annulle& an& that he lapse of 90restore& &a"sH the ha& lost to ;uris&i!tion to shoul& :e :"!ourt the SpeaDer his position &e!i&e the !ase' Shoul& the otion :e ,rante&L as Con,ress an' 5s S-ABs petition :efore the Supre e Court ;usti!ia:leL Cite pertinent issues SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: for !onsi&eration' (2N) NoH the otion shoul& not :e ,rante&' Se!tion 12 (#)H +rti!le E555 of the 1987 Constitution pro%i&es: SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 6hile C-espite un&er theSe!tion e0piration 1H of +rti!le the appli!a:le E555 of the 1987 an&ator" perio&H the !ourtH without pre;u&i!e Constitution the Supre e Court a" in?uire to su!h or responsi:ilit" as a" ha%e :een S-A is whether not the &e!ision to e0pel in!urre& in ,ra%e !onse?uen!e thereofH shall a &e!i&e tainte& with a:use of &is!retion ountin, resol%e the !ase or atter su: itte& shoul& toor la!D or e0!ess of ;uris&i!tionH the petition thereto for &eter inationH without further(#) Phil' :e &is isse&' 5n +le;an&rino %' (ue=on &ela"'C 83 P192#Q)H the Supre e Court hel& that it !oul& not !o pel the Senate to reinstate a Senator who 3husH the another failure of the trial !ourt &e!i&e the assaulte& Senator an& was to suspen&e& for !ase within ninet" :e!ause &a"s &i& not not oust ofa &isor&erl" :eha%iorH it !oul& !o itpel ;uris&i!tion to &e!i&e the !ase' separate an& !o*e?ual &epart ent to taDe an" ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: parti!ular a!tion' 5n As eXa %' Pen&atun (109 3he 1973 pro%i&e& !ertain Phil' 8)3 Constitution P19)0Q)H it was hel& for that the Supre e !onse?uen!es on the &e!isions of suspension !ourts in !ase Court !oul& not interfere with the of a of the failure offor the Supre e:eha%iorH Court an& other the Con,ress an &isor&erl" :e!ause inferior !olle,iate !ourts to &e!i&e within @ouse of 1epresentati%es is the!ases ;u&,e of what pres!ri:e& perio&s' 9ut it &i& not pro%i&e for !onstitutes &isor&erl" :eha%ior' !onse?uen!es on the &e!isions of trial !ourts as a result of their failure to &e!i&e !ases

withinassault three onths MH Se!' 11)' 5n 8ar!elino 3he of a (+rt' fellow Senator !onstitutes %s' Cru=H 121 SC1+ 21 (1983) it was hel& that &isor&erl" :eha%ior' the perio&s pres!ri:e& are onl" &ire!tor"H not Po an&ator"' iti"a >-e%tion5 To Sett e A"t-a Contro*er%ie% 6899;7 Po iti"a 6199A7 (a) 3he >-e%tion 1932H 1973 an& 1987 Constitutions No' 13: >u&i!ial power &efine& in Se!' 1H 2n& !o onl" pro%i&e that as C>u&i!ial power shall :e par'H +rt' ConstitutionH now the %este& in E555H one 1987 Supre e Court an& in Cin!lu&es su!h lower &ut" of of >usti!e to settle a!tual !ourts as the a"Courts :e esta:lishe& :" law'C !ontro%ersies in%ol%in, ri,hts whi!h are le,all" 6hat is the an& effe!t of the a&&ition 1987 &e an&a:le enfor!ea:leH an& in to the &eter ine Constitution of there the followin, pro%ision: whether or not has :een a ,ra%e C>u&i!ial a:use of power in!lu&es the &ut" of !ourts ;usti!e to &is!retion a ountin, to the la!D of ofe0!ess of settle a!tual on !ontro%ersies whi!h ;uris&i!tion the part in%ol%in, of an" ri,hts :ran!h or are le,all" &e of an&a:le an& enfor!ea:leH an& to instru entalit" the $o%ern ent' C3his &efinition &eter ine or not there has :een ,ra%e is sai& towhether ha%e e0pan&e& the power of the a:use of &is!retion ountin, ?uestions to la!D or e0!ess ;u&i!iar" to in!lu&ea politi!al for erl" of ;uris&i!tion on the part of an" :ran!h or :e"on& its ;uris&i!tion' instru entalit" of the ,o%ern entCL -is!uss (1) -o "ou a,ree with su!h as interpretation of the :riefl"H !itin, at least one illustrati%e !ase' (2N) !onstitutional &efinition SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: of ;u&i!ial power that woul& authori=e 3he effe!tthe of !ourts the se!on& to re%iew para,raph an&H if warrante&H of Se!tion 1H re%erse E555 the e0er!ise of &is!retion :" the is politi!al +rti!le of the 1987 Constitution to li it &epart to ents an& le,islati%e) of the resort the(e0e!uti%e politi!al ?uestion &o!trine an& to ,o%ern entH Constitutional :roa&en the in!lu&in, s!ope ofthe ;u&i!ial in?uir" into areas Co issionsL -is!uss full"H whi!h the >u&i!iar"H un&er the pre%ious (2) 5n "our opinionH how shoul& su!h :e ConstitutionsH woul& ha%e left to &efinition the politi!al !onstrue& so as to ero&e or &epart ents to not &e!i&e' 5f a !onsi&era:l" politi!al ?uestion is &isre,ar& entirel" the e0istin, Cpoliti!al ?uestionC in%ol%e&H the >u&i!iar" !an &eter ine whether or &o!trineL -is!uss full"' a!tion is :ein, ?uestione& not the offi!ial whose a!te& with ,ra%e a:use of &is!retion a ountin, to SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: la!D or e0!ess of ;uris&i!tion (8ar!os %' 1' OesH the se!on& para,raph of Se!tion 1H 8an,lapusH 177 SC1+ ))8 P1989Q); (-a=a %' +rti!le E555 of the 1987 Constitution has Sin,sonH 180 SC1+ #9) P1989Q)' 3husH althou,h power of the >u&i!iar" the e0pan&e& @ouse of the 1epresentati%es /le!toralto3ri:unal politi!al ?uestions'to 3his was not foun& has in!lu&e e0!lusi%e ;uris&i!tion &e!i&e ele!tion in the 1932 an& the ConstitutionH !ontests in%ol%in, e 1973 :ers of the @ouse of Pre!isel"H the the fra Supre ers of the 1987 !onstitution 1epresentati%esH e Court nullifie& the inten&e& to wi&en of ;u&i!ial re o%al of one of its the e s!ope :ers for %otin, re%iew' in fa%or .-ri%di"tion o# out HLUR& 6199:7 2' +s pointe& in 8ar!os %s' 8an,lapusH 177 of the protestantH who :elon,e& to a &ifferent No' SC1+ 8;(9on&o! 3he +9C 1ealt"H 5n!H file& 792 a !o plaint ))8H so as not to &isre,ar& entirel" the part"' %' Pine&aH 201 SC1+ P1991Q)' a,ainst 1i!o for &o!trineH the !olle!tion of of unpai& politi!al ?uestion the e0tent install ents on a su:&i%ision lot pur!hase& :" the ;u&i!ial re%iew when politi!al ?uestions are Po iti"a >-e%tion% 619887 latterH 1i!o faile& to :e file answerH was &e!lare& in%ol%e& shoul& li an ite& to a &eter ination No' 23: 5n a!!or&an!e with the opinion of the in of &efault; an& after re!eption of plaintiffs whether or not there has :een a ,ra%e Se!retar" >usti!eH :elie%in, that it e%i&en!e e0&is!retion parteH an& ;u&, ent to was a:use of a ountin, la!Dren&ere& orwoul& :e ,oo& forof !ountr"H the Presi&ent into a,ainst e0!ess hi 'the 3he ;uris&i!tion &e!ision on :e!a the part e finalH of enters the an& offi!ial upon an a,ree ent with ?uestione&' the ;u&,e + eri!ans for otion whose :" +9C a!t is1ealt"H :ein, issue& 5f ,ra%e a a:use writan of e0tension for another (2) the "ears of their sta" of &is!retion is not fi%e shownH !ourts shoul& e0e!ution' at their not su:stitute ilitar" their :ases ;u&, in ent the for PhilippinesH that of the in 1i!o now files a otion to ?uash an& to !onsi&eration offi!ial !on!erne& of: an& &e!i&ethe a writ atter whi!h %a!ate the >u&, or ent that it is alone the to :" its nature :"!onten&in, law is for the latter (1) + "earl" rental one :illion <'S' &ollarsH @ousin, an& 7an& of <se 1e,ulator" 9oar& &e!i&e' pa"a:le to the Philippine ent in a&%an!e; (@7<19) whi!h is %este& ,o%ern with ori,inal an& (2) +n un&ertaDin, on the part of the + eri!an e0!lusi%e >uris&i!tion o%er !ases in%ol%in, the Po iti"a >-e%tion !o"trine 619977 ,o%ern ent to i ple ent if ipra"s ini* real estate :usiness' 1i!o for has thethe &is No' 2; 3o what e0tentH at e&iatel" allH the issal 1987 8arshall for the for !ountr" in%ol%in, of the !o plan plaint an& the of the &e!ision' Constitution affe!te& thenullit" Cpoliti!al ?uestion 3he realt" fir opposes the &o!trineCL

(ote% S-$er*i%ion5 ten reF-ired :illion Co-rt% <'S' B #or it% &ollars Per%onne de" aring in 6>A< ai&s a an& a1 899A7 -n"on%tit-tiona !on!essional loans; 6199?7 an& (2) 8asipa, with A :u&s+ a No' (3) Pe&ro +n 7: Can un&ertaDin, fi%e efile& to :ers help of the the persua&e Supre e an Court eri!an !o plaint a,ainst 13C >u&,e >ose Pala!pa! with &e!lare :anDs toa!on&one uni!ipal interests or&inan!e an& un!onstitutionalL other !har,es on %iolation of +rti!le 20# of the 1e%ise& Penal Co&e /0plain' the !ountr"Bs out*stan&in, loans' for Dnowin,l" ren&erin, SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: an un;ust ;u&, ent in Cri inal Oes' fi%e Case 8e :ers No' )17' of the >u&,e Supre Pala!pa! e Courtfile& sittin, a en* :an! 5notion returnH with !an the the Presi&ent &e!lare A :u&sa,ree& a an touni!ipal refer to allow the + !o or&inan!e eri!an plaint to nu!lear the Supre %essels e Court to sta" to Se!tion &eter for short ine %isits whether at Su:i!H an un!onstitutional' <n&er #(2)' +rti!le E555 of a& in%ol%e& instore the sai& !ase' the an& inistrati%e in ConstitutionH !ase of aspe!t %ital a was ilitar" uni!ipal nee&H or&inan!e to nu!lear !an :e 3he A :u&s an &enie& otion on the + ,roun& weapons at Su:i! an& the at ClarD Fiel&' %ital &e!lare& un!onstitutional with the !on!urren!e of a that no a& inistrati%e !ase >u&,e Pala!pa! a;orit" ilitar" nee& of the !o 8e esH :ers un&er of a,ainst the theSupre a,ree eentH Court when who relati%e to the part &e!ision in &eli:eration Cri inal Case No' )17 the sealanes fro the Persian $ulf to the Pa!ifi!H a!tuall" tooD in the on the issues was file&!ase an& pen&in, in hisilitar" offi!e' State with ei,ht in are the threatene& an& :" hostile %ote& thereon' for!es' 5f onl" reasons whether the A :u&s anBs rulin, tooD is 8e :ers of the Supre e Court a!tuall" part !orre!t' (#N) in &e!i&in, the !aseH there will still :e a ?uoru ' 3he Nu!lear Free !o ofes to Fi%e 8e :ers will Philippine !onstitute Coalition a a;orit" those "ou for a&%i!e on part howin the" !oul&the le,all" pre%ent who a!tuall" tooD &e!i&in, !ase' the sa e a,ree ent entere& into :" the Presi&ent with the <S ,o%ern ent fro ,oin, SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: into effe!t' 6hat woul& "ou a&%ise the to &oL 3he A :u&s anBs rulin, is not !orre!t' <n&er $i%e "our reasons' ARTICLE I/ Con%tit-tiona SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Se!tion )H +rti!le E555 of the ConstitutionH it is the Co++i%%ion% Rotationa 5f the +,ree ent is not the for ofe0!lusi%e a treat"H it is Supre e Court whi!h isin %este& with S"'e+e 619997 not inistrati%e liDel" to super%ision :e su: itte& to Senate for a& o%er allthe !ourts an& its No M555 * 6hat are the in re?uisites for the effe!ti%e ratifi!ation as re?uire& +rt' E55H se!' 21' 5t a" personnel' Pres!in&in, fro this pre iseH the operation of so*!alle& S!he eCthe for notH:u&s thereforeH :e oppose& in that :ran!h A anthe !annot &eter C1otational ine for itself an&of :" Constitutional Co issionsL (2N)a,ainst ,o%ern ent' Nor ;u&i!ial feasi:le itself whether a !riis inal !o re%iew plaint aat this sta,e :e!ause there is noin%ol%es ;usti!ia:le ;u&,eH or !ourt e plo"eeH an !ontro%ers"' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 6hile +rt' E555H se!' 1H par' 2 states that ;u&i!ial a& inistrati%e atter' 3he A :u&s an is &ut" +s hel& in 1epu:li! %' 5 perialH 9) Phil' 770H for power to in!lu&es &ut" of !ourt of an& ;usti!e to :oun& ha%e allthe !ases a,ainst ;u&,es !ourt the effe!ti%e operation of the rotational s!he e of C&eter inefile& whether or itH not there has :een a ,ra%e personnel :efore referre& to the Supre e the Constitutional issionH the first a:usefor of &eter &is!retion a Co ountin, to la!D or e0!ess Court ination as to whether an Co issioner shoul& start on a !o on &ate of ;uris&i!tion on the part of therein' an" :ran!h a& inistrati%e aspe!t is in%ol%e& (>u&,eor an& an" %a!an!" :efore the e0piration of the ter instru entalit" of the ,o%ern entHC is !lear that >ose Caoi:es %' A :u&s anH $'1' it No' 132177H shoul& :e fille& onl" for the une0pire& :alan!e of this pro%ision >ul" 19H 2001) &oes not &o awa" with the politi!al the ter ' Ta,$ayerG% S-it5 Lo"-% Standi 6199A7 ?uestion &o!trine' 5t was inserte& in the No' 12: 6hen 8ar!os a& fro inistration was Constitution tothe pre%ent !ourts aDin, use of Con%tit-tiona Co++i%%ion% B Co-n"i 6>7< topple& :" the re%olutionar" ,o%ern entH the the &o!trine to a%oi& what otherwise are 899?7 8ar!oses :ehin& se%eralal:eit Al& 8astersB ;usti!ia:le left !ontro%ersiesH in%ol%in, the 2' 3he le,islature a:olish this :o&": paintin,s an& anti?ue sai& to&urin, ha%e (2N) /0e!uti%e 9ran!h of sil%erware thea" ,o%ern ent the '1 Co ission on +ppoint ents :een a!?uire& :" theAnas personal artial law perio&' the other ,ifts' han&H at this '2 ;usti!ia:le A then :u&s an with Ne,otiations were a&e /llen sta,eH no !ontro%ers" !an :e 7a"ne fra e&of to '3 >u&i!ial an& 9arsale Coun!il 7on&on for their &isposition an& at pu:li! ;ustif" ;u&i!ial re%iewH 5 woul&H thereforeH a&%i!e '# Court of 3a0 +ppeals au!tion' 7aterH the ,o%ern ent entere&to into a to the Nu!lear Free Philippine Coalition resort '2 Co ission onpai,n +u&it CConsi,n allowin, /llen 7a"ne the e&ia ent to +,ree laun!h entC a !a a,ainst the of 7on&on to au!tion off the su:;e!t art pie!es' +,ree ent' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: <pon learnin, of the inten&e& saleH well*Dnown 3he le,islature a" a:olish the &) arts CA<13 Pro Ha" (i"e Ca%e% 619997 artistsH patrons an& ,uar&ians of the of theAF 3+M +PP/+7S sin!e it is erel" a !reation of No M5 6hatfile& &oes ean when a Supre e the Court Philippines a if petition in !ourt to en;oin law unliDe the Co ission on +ppoint entsH >usti!e !on!urs in a of &e!ision pro ha! (2N) sale an& &isposition the %alue& ite %i!eL s assertin, A anH >u&i!ial an& 9ar Coun!il an& that:u&s their !ultural si,nifi!an!e ust :e preser%e& Co ission on +u&it whi!h are all !onstitutional SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: for the :enefit of the Filipino people' !reations' 3husH !ourt the latter a,en!ies onl" :e (1) Can taDe !o,ni=an!e of the 6hen athe &e!ision is pro ha! %i!eH it a" eans the a:olishe& :" wa" of an a en& ent or re%ision of !aseL /0plain' rulin, will appl" to this parti!ular !ase onl"' the Constitution' (2) 6hat are the re?uisites for a ta0pa"erBs suit to Re+o*a prosperL o# Lo1er Co-rt .-dge% 6199:7 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER:

No' 11: @ow a" the followin, :e re o%e& fro 1' NoH the !ourt !annot taDe Ser*i"e !o,ni=an!e of the of offi!e: 1) Senators 4 Con,ress en 2) >u&,es ARTICLE I/ Ci*i !ase' hel& in >o"a %s' Presi&ential Co ission lower +s !ourts 3) Affi!ers an& e plo"ees in the Co++i%%ion on $oo& $o%ern entH 222 SC1+ 2)9H sin!e the Ci%il Ser%i!e petitioners were not the le,al owners of paintin,s Career Ser*i"e5 C'ara"teri%ti"% 619997 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: an& anti?ue sil%erwareH the" ha& no stan&in, to No 5M to * 6hat !areer ser%i!e 1) +s Sen &isposition' 4!hara!teri=es Con,H +rt' 555H the se!tion of ?uestion their 9esi&esH the1)(3)H paintin,s an& what are in!lu&e& in&i& the !areer ser%i!eL the ConstitutionH the anti?ue sil%erware ''' 2) <n&er +rt' not E555H !onstitute se!' 11 of (2N) i the portant ConstitutionH !ultural>u&,es properties of lower or national !ourts !ultural a" :e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: treasuresH as the" ha&:" nothe e0!eptional re o%e& :" &is issal Supre ehistori!al :" a %ote +!!or&in, tosi,nifi!an!e Se!tion 7H Chapter 2H 3itle 5H 9ooD an& to the Philippines' of a !ultural a;orit" of the 8e :ers who a!tuall" tooD E of the +& &eli:eration inistrati%e Co&e 1987H !areer part in the on theof issues in the the !ase ser%i!e is !hara!teri=e& :" 2' +!!or&in, to >o"a Presi&ential Co/ plH ission an& %ote& thereon' 3)us' +s to Ci% Ser%i!e (1) /ntran!e :ase& onthe erit an& fitness to :e on 222 SC1+ +rt'$oo& 5M*9' $o%ern Se!' 2(3)entH of ConstitutionH ''' &eter ine&aasta0pa"erBs far as pra!ti!a:le :" prosperH !o petiti%e 2)8' for suit to four e0a inationust or :ase& on hi,hl" te!hni!al re?uisites :e !onsi&ere&: ?ualifi!ations; (1) the ?uestion ust :e raise& :" the proper (2) opportunit" for a&%an!e ent to hi,her !areer Re*ie1 E,e"-ti*e A"t% 6199?7 part"; positions; (2) ust an of a!tual !ontro%ers"; No'there 10: 1) an& MH a :e !lerD !ourt of the 1e,ional 3rial (3) se!urit" of tenure' theof ?uestion ustfoun& :e raise& atof the earliest Court 8anilaH was ,uilt" :ein, a:sent possi:le opportunit"; an& without offi!ial lea%e for 90 &a"s an& !onsi&ere& 3he !areer ser%i!e in!lu&es: (#) &e!ision on the !onstitutional &is the isse& fro ser%i!e :" the Supre or ele,al Court' @e (1) AP/N to C+1//1 PAS535ANS for ?uestion ust :e ne!essar" the &eter ination appeale& the Presi&ent forto e0e!uti%e !le en!"' appoint whi!h the prior ?ualifi!ations in an :" of the !ase' +!tin, onent theto appealH /0e!uti%e Se!retar"H appropriate ination or&er of the e0a Presi&ent !o is re?uire&; ute& the penalt" to a (2) C7AS/C+1//1 PAS535ANS whi!h aree to 5n or&er that a ta0pa"er ha%e stan&in, suspension of si0 onths' a)a" Can the Supre s!ientifi! or hi,hl" te!hni!al in nature; !hallen,e the le,alit" of an offi!ial a!t of the Court re%iew the (3) Positions the C+1//1 /M/C<35E/ ,o%ern entH in the a!t :ein, ?uestione& ust S/1E5C/; !orre!tness of the a!tion of the Presi&ent in%ol%e a &is:urse ent of pu:li! fun&s upon in the (#) Career offi!ers than those in the !o that utin, the other penalt" i ofpose& on ML !areer theor" the e0pen&iture pu:li! fun&s for an e0e!uti%e ser%i!eH who are appointe& :" the /0plain' un!onstitutional a!t is a isappli!ation of su!h Presi&ent; :) 6as the a!tion of the Presi&ent fun&sH whi!h a" :e en;oine& at the instan!e of a (2) Co issione& offi!ers an& enliste& en of !onstitutional an& %ali&L /0plain' ta0pa"er' the +r e& For!es; SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ()) Personnel of ,o%ern ent !an *owne& or the Ter+ o# O##i"e5 .-%ti"e% 6199?7 1' a) OesH the Supre e Court re%iew !ontrolle& !orporationsH whether perfor in, No' !orre!tness 9: +H an of the asso!iate a!tion of ;usti!e the Presi&ent of the Supre 5n e ,o%ern ental or proprietar" fun!tionsH who &o not Court rea!he& the a,e of se%ent" >ul" 1H !o utin, the penalt" i pose& on M' on 9" &oin, fall the non*!areer an& a politi!al 199)' soH un&er the Supre 3here ewas Courta is ser%i!e; not !ase &e!i&in, !alen&are& for &eli:eration on that &a" where of + was ?uestion' 3he Supre e Court isthe not%ote re%iewin, the (7) Per of anent la:orersH whether !ru!ial' wis&o Can the !o + hol& utation o%er of the the sDille&H penalt"' position 6hat an& se isDille&H or unsDille&' parti!ipate in is the &eli:eration the !ase onhas >ul" it is &e!i&in, whether or not of the Presi&ent 1H the 199)L power /0plain' to !o ute the penalt" of MH +s state& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: in -a=a %s' Sin,son' 180 SC1+ #9)H it is within No' + !annot hol& o%er his to position as +sso!iate the s!ope of >u&i!ial power pass upon the >usti!e of the thea!tions Supre ofethe Court an& parti!ipate in %ali&it" of other &epart ents of the $o%ern &eli:erations ent' of the !ase on >ul" 1H 199)' <n&er Se!tion 11H +rti!le E555 of the ConstitutionH :) 3he !o of utation :" the ofoffi!e the until 8e :ers the Supre e Presi&ent Court hol& penalt" i pose& :" the Supre e Courtor upon M is the" rea!h the a,e of se%ent" "ears :e!o e un!onstitutional' to Se!tion )' +rti!le E555 of the in!apa!itate& &is!har,e their &uties' Constitution %ests the Supre Court withfi0e& the :" Constitutional offi!ers whose e ter s are power of a& inistrati%e super%ision o%ero%er all their the Constitution ha%e no ri,ht to hol& !ourts an& theirtheir personnel' 5n $ar!ia %s' -e la positions until su!!essors shall ha%e :een PenaH 229 SC1+ it was hel& that no other appointe& an& 7))H ?ualifie& unless otherwise :ran!h ofin the $o%ern ent a" intru&eH into this pro%i&e& the Constitution' (8e!he + 3reaties e0!lusi%e power of the Suprean& e Court' on the 7aw of Pu:li! Affi!es Affi!ersH p' 228')

&e!oration whi!h !o rule& pensation of that honor the an& a of ounts the ,o%ern ,ol& &uerin, ent are fro the offi!ials the an& 1 e oran&u 3he rule *or&erH prohi:itin, &ire!tsthe theappoint !orporation ent to to personal $o%ern e plo"eesH ent lia:ilities of Ca dis+ing*is-es of:o&ia the for to :e er :etween $o%ernor %ali&H $o%ernor ,o%ern who ent !ertain !o pl" ,o%ern with Ci%il ent Ser%i!e positionsH 1ules ofin the the spouse an& &is + shoul& !orporations isse& first theo:tain e plo"ees an& the !onsent their in :a& su:si&iariesH of faith' Con,ress' 3husH +-S for the relati%es appoint of ent the of Presi&ent all of its offi!ers within an& the fourth e plo"ees' &e,ree refuse& pro%ision to pa"' applies 3he final onl" CSC to ,o%ern &e!isionH ent howe%erH !orporations of 3he !onsan,uinit" e oran&u or *or&er affinit"' of P2NQ the CSC is assaile& :" Se"-rity o#the Ten-re 619887 &i& not withfin& ori,inal for !harters' er $o%ernor in :a& faith' 3he 2 the !orporationH 3he rule asaDin, well as it in!o :" its pati:le offi!ersfor an& No' 10: /0er!isin, power he s on ha& for er $o%ernor was liDewise not !lai hear& the :een e eplo"eesH :ers of :efore Con,ress the to !ourt' hol&@ow offi!es shoul& or the !ase ?uestion of ,rante& hi his lia:ilit"' :" the /0e!uti%e Ar&er on the e :e plo" resol%e&L ent in the ,o%ern ent' P2NQ reor,ani=ation of the ,o%ern entH the 3 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he rule prohi:itin, e :ers of the .-ri%di"tion o*er t'e 2OCC% 619997 5s +-SB refusal of ;ustifie&L CA+ &isallow the 3he e oran&u of the their Ci%iltenureH Ser%i!e Co issioner Custo Can s su aril" &is isse& Constitutional Co *or&er issionsH &urin, No 5M * 7u=%i in&a 8arfelH ;oine& :" ele%en other pa" hun&re& ent of :a!Dwa,es :" +-S an& to the isse&of to two si0t"*fi%e offi!ials e &is plo"ees Co:e finan!iall" ission shoul& intereste& :e &e!lare& in an" !ontra!t %oi&' +s with hel& orin retren!he& e plo"eesH file& a !o plaint with the e plo"ees &e!isionL $a fran!hise o,a o %' or pri%ile,e PNAC ,rante& Shippin, :" the an& 3ransit the 9ureau &ue of un&er Custo a s' final 8ostCSC of the ouste& an" -epart ent of 7a:or an& / plo" ent (-A7/) for -e!i&e an& reason :riefl"' to (2N)the Ci%il Ser%i!e ,o%ern entH P2NQ e plo"ees appeale& Corporation' 381 SC1+ 7#2 (2002)' un&er +rti!le unpai& retren!h ent or separation pa"H 3he rule 2(1) pro%i&in, for post au&it :" the 5M*9H Se!tion of the 1987 Constitution Co ission !lai in, their ouster ille,al' 3he Ci%il # un&erpa" ent of wa,es an& non*pa" ent of SU22ESTE! of !ertain ,o%ern a,en!ies' !orporations P2NQ Ser%i!e Co ANS4ER: issionH after hearin,H later or&ere& CA+ ,o%ern ent*owne& or ent !ontrolle& e er,en!" !ost of li%in, allowan!e' 3he +' 3he of of +-S is not 3heun&er rule re?uirin, Con,ress Co&e to pro%i&e or,ani=e& the Corporation are for not the Co refusal issioner Custo s to ;ustifie&H reinstate an& ost the of 2 !o plaint was file& a,ainst Foo& 3er inalH 5n!' Co ission on +u&it !annot &isallow the the or&er pa" ent stan&ar&i=ation !o pensation those &is isse&' 5nstea& of followin, of the !o%ere& :" the Ci%ilof Ser%i!e 7aw :utof :" the 7a:or Foo& 3er inal 5n!' o%e& to &is iss on the of :a!Dwa,es :"Co +-S issionH to the Co &is isse& e plo"ee' ent offi!ialsonl" an& e ,o%ern plo"ees' P2NQ Co&eH :e!ause ent*owne& or the Ci%il Ser%i!e issioner 8ison ,o%ern ,roun& of la!D of ;uris&i!tionH theori=in, that it is a 3he Co to ission !annot aDe a rulin, inten&s :rin, on for+u&it re%iew :efore the Suprethat e !ontrolle& !orporations with ori,inal !harters are ,o%ern ent*owne& an& !ontrolle& !orporation an& it is the for who :e personall" !o%ere& :" the Ci%il Ser%i!e' CourtH the sa er e ,o%ernor &e!ision of the shoul& Co ission' its e plo"ees are ,o%erne& :" the Ci%il Ser%i!e lia:leH sin!e the for er ,o%ernor was not ,i%en the 7aw an& not :" the 7a:or Co&e' 8arfel oppose& opportunit" to :e hear&' 5n a&&itionH the Co ission the "ou otion tothe &is issH !onten&in, althou,h SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 1' !ounsel for the &e!ision Co that issioner on5f +u&it were !annot set asi&e a final of the of Ci%il 0ode% o# Re+o*a #ro+ O##i"e 6199:7 Foo& 3er how inalH 5n!' "ou is a;ustif" !orporation owne& 13' +rti!le E55 of the Custo woul& issal ofan&to 1 No' 11: Se!tion @ow a" the followin, :e reConstitutionH o%e& fro Ser%i!e sH Co ission' 3he pa" his ent &is of :a!Dwa,es !ontrolle& :" thean& ,o%ern ent earlier !reate& an& the 4 Presi&ent fro en appointin, !usto offi!ials e plo"eesL offi!e: prohi:its 1) Senators Con,ress 2) >u&,eshis of ille,all"s &is isse& ,o%ern ent e plo"ee is not an whi!h or,ani=e& un&er the ,eneral !orporation law as an& relati%es within fourth &e,ree lower !ourts 3) Affi!ers an& the e plo"ees in the of irre,ularH unne!essar"H e0!essi%eH e0tra%a,ant or spouse C3he $reater 8anila Foo& 3er a inalH 5n!'CH it has 2' 5f on the other han&H "ou were !ounsel for Ci%il Ser%i!e or affinit" &oes not &istin,uish :etween un!ons!iona:le e0pen&iture' (<" %' Co ission on !onsan,uinit" still the arDs of a pri%ate !orporation: it &ire!tl" ,o%ern ent !orporations with ori,inal !harters an& the &is isse& offi!ials an& e plo"eesH how +u&itH 328 SC1+ )07 P2000Q)' hires its e sustain plo"ees without seeDin, appro%al fro their su:si&iariesH :e!ause the prohi:ition applies to woul& "ou the or&er of the Ci%il Ser%i!e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the Ci%il Ser%i!e Co ission an& L its personnel :oth' Co ission reinstatin, ost of the State "our 1) SenatorsH Con,'H +rt' 555H se!tion 1)(3)H of the are !o%ere& :" the So!ial Se!urit" S"ste an& not 2 Se!tion reasons' ConstitutionH ''' 13H +rti!le E55 of the ConstitutionH the $o%ern ent Ser%i!e 5nsuran!e S"ste H 3he whi!h prohi:its 8e :ers of Con,ress fro hol&in, SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: F-n"tion o# CSC 6199;7 ?uestion pose& in theresolution petition for at :ar is 1' 5 woul& in%oDe in!ertiorari >ose an" other offi!e &urin, their terthewithout forfeitin, 2) >u&,esH +rt' E555H se!' 11 of ConstitutionH No' 12 * 2) Can the the Ci%il Ser%i!e Co%' +rro"oH ission whether or not a la:or law !lai a,ainst a their seatH does no+ dis+ing*is- :etween ,o%ern ent $'1' No' 78#32H +u,' 11H 1987H in whi!h the re%oDe an appoint ent :" the appointin, power ,o%ern eent*owne& !ontrolle& !orporation liDe !orporations Supre Court hel& or that un&er +rt' ME555H se!H 1) ori,inal !harters an& their 3) <n&er +rt'with 5M*9' Se!' 2(3) of the ConstitutionH an& &ire!t the appoint ent of an in&i%i&ual of its the Foo& 3er inalH 5n!' falls within the ;uris&i!tion of the ConstitutionH !areer ser%i!e e plo"ees su:si&iariesH :e!ause the prohi:ition applies :oth' offi!ers an& e plo"ees in the Ci%il Ser%i!e toa" !hoi!eL ofa" the -epart ent offor 7a:or an& / plo" ent or 3 :e re o%e& Cnot !ause :ut as a result of 2H +rti!le 5M*+ of pro%i&e& the ConstitutionH onl" :e Se!tion re o%e& for !ause as :" law SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the reor,ani=ation Ci%il Ser%i!e Co issionL -e!i&e an& whi!h the pursuant to Pro!la ation No' prohi:its 8e :ers of the Constitutional an& after o:ser%an!e of &ue pro!ess' +!!or&in, to the rulin, in 8e&alla %s' Sto' 3o asH ratio!inate' (#N) 3 &ate& 8ar!h 22H the 198) an& Ser%i!e the reor,ani=ation Co issions fro :ein, finan!iall" intereste& in an" 208 SC1+ 321H Ci%il Co ission followin, the ratifi!ation of this Constitution'C !ontra!t 3heir re with o%al or an" ust :e fran!hise effe!te& or:" pri%ile,e the appropriate ,rante& :" !annot &i!tate to the appointin, power who9" to %irtue of this pro%isionH itis was hel& that the inin, the $o%ern authorit" entH does in no+a!!or&an!e dis+ing*is- :etween &is!iplinar" with Ch' 7 appoint' 5ts fun!tion li ite& to &eter SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: reor,ani=ation of the 9ureau of Custo s un&er ,o%ern ent !orporations ori,inal !harters an& se!s' #7*#8 of 9ooD E of with the +& inistrati%e Co&e whether not the appointee eets the iniun&er u 3he !lai orof the retren!he& e plo"ees falls /0e!uti%e Ar&er NoH 127 a"pres!ri:e& !ontinue e%en after their su:si&iariesH :e!ause prohi:ition applies of 1987 an& the Ci%il the Ser%i!e 1ules an&to ?ualifi!ation re?uire ents for the the ;uris&i!tion of the National 7a:or 1elations Ci*i Ser*i"e Co++i%%ion *%= COA 6899;7 the ratifi!ation of the ConstitutionH an&en!roa!hin, !areer :oth' 1e,ulations' position' AtherwiseH it woul& :e Co ission an& not un&er the ;uris&i!tion of the 69<a7 For er $o%ernor PP5M*of +-S Pro%in!e ha& ser%i!e e &is!retion plo"ees ofa" :e separate&power' fro the # Se!tion 2(1)H +rti!le of the Constitution upon the the appointin, Ci%il Ser%i!e Co ission' +s hel& in 7u anta %' &is isse& se%eral e plo"ees s!ale &own the Re"ei*ing o# Indire"t Co+$en%ation ser%i!e without !ause as a result of su!h whi!h pro%i&es for post au&it :" to the Co 619977 ission on National 7a:or 1elations Co issionH 170 SC1+ operations of ent his Affi!e' 3he e plo"ees No' 18; +H while an!orporationsH in!u :ent $o%ernor of his reor,ani=ation' au&it of ,o%ern does no+ dis+ing*is79H sin!e Foo& 3er inalH 5n!' was or,ani=e& !o plaine& to the 8erit S"ste 9oar&H pro%in!eH was in%ite& :" thes Prote!tion $o%ern ent of :etween ,o%ern ent !orporations with ori,inal 2OCC% 4it'o-t Origina *%= 2OCC% un&er the Corporation 7awC'arter an& was not !reate& whi!h rule& that the Ci%il Ser%i!e were 2' 5 woul& ar,ue that art' ME555H se!' 1) &oes not Ca :o&ia as its offi!ial ,uest' 6hile rules thereH the !harters an& their su:si&iariesH :e!ause the pro%ision 4it' Origina C'arter 619987 :" a spe!ial law in a!!or&an!e with Se!tion 2(1)H %iolate& when theawar&e& e plo"ees were &is +isse&' reall" authori=e the re o%al of !areer ser%i!e applies so%erei,n to :oth' Din, $o%ernor with 3he a No 55'** 3he of Constitution &istin,uishes +rti!le 5M*9 the ConstitutionH it is not:etween !o%ere& two :" Ci%il Ser%i!e Co ission (CSC) affir a e& the e plo"ees :ut si an&Ior pl" pro%i&es for the!orporations: pa" ent of 2 &e!oration Se!tion of honor 2H +rti!le an& 5M*9 ,ifte& of the hi ConstitutionH with ,ol& t"pes of owne& !ontrolle& the !i%il ser%i!e' 8SP9 &e!isionH an& or&ere& +-S to reinstate the separationH retire entH an& other a!!ruin, for the stan&ar&i=ation of the rin, of pro%i&es insi,nifi!ant onetar" %alueH :oth of whi!h those with ori,inal !harters an& :enefits those whi!h are whi!h to the un&er appli!a:le laws' 3he referen!e he plo"ees a!!epte&'with full :a!Dwa,es' +-S &i& not su:si&iaries ofthe su!h !orporations' 5n whi!h of the e to !areer ser%i!e e plo"ees Cas a result followin, ruleIrules is 2OCC% su!h separate& a 6899:7 &istin!tion a&eL appeal an& the or&er :e!a e final' .-ri%di"tion o*er t'e of the reor,ani=ation followin, the ratifi!ation of 6as $o%ernor +Bs a!!eptan!e of the &e!oration Consi&er ea!h of the followin, ite s an& e0plain No E55 * + !orporationH a hol&er of a !ertifi!ate of this ConstitutionC is onl" to those separate& as a of an& ,ift %iolati%e of the ConstitutionL :riefl" "our answerH !itin, pertinent pro%isions re,istration issue& :" the Se!urities an& /0!han,e 5nstea& of !o pl"in, i e&iatel"H 9APH the result of reor,ani=ation of the stru!ture an& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the Co Constitution' issionH is owne& an& !ontrolle& :" the in!u $o%ernor of 8H +-SH referre& the OesH it:ent %iolate& Se!tion +rti!le 5M*9 of the atter fun!tions of ,o%ern ent (e','H as a result of 1epu:li! of the Philippines' 3he Ci%il Ser%i!e to the Co ission on +u&it (CA+)H Constitution' For his a!!eptan!e of the Co ission (CSC)H in a

:e &is?ualifie& re the opportunit" o%e& e0!ept as of for a politi!al !ause' !an&i&ate !an&i&ates' (Sta' an& 8aria so ineli,i:le 3his %' 7ope=H is the $'1' rulin, for the No' in offi!e 9u!Dle" 7*30773H to whi!h %s' Fe:ruar" EaleoH he was #2# 18H1970) ele!te&' <'S' 16oul& (197))H this whi!h fa!t entitle in%ali&ate& a !o petin, a law li !an&i&ate itin, thewho e0pen&itures o:taine& (:) 6as 1i!ar&o re froan& to his of !an&i&ates the se!on& hi,hest for !a nu pai,nin, :er of %otes in o%e& the to <nite& asD position as -ean of the Colle,e /&u!ation States' :e pro!lai 5n the e& PhilippinesH the winner of a pro%ision the ele!ti%e of the offi!eL or erel" transferre& to the position 3aXa&a*Sin,son 1easons' 7awH li itin, the perio& of forSpe!ial SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the Presi&entL /0plain' !a +ssistant pai,nin,H to was nearl" in%ali&ate& on this sa e +!!or&in, to 3rini&a& %' CA8/7/C' 312 SC1+ prin!ipleH e0!ept that the a;orit" of !ourt la!De& SU22ESTE! 172 P1999QH if ANS4ER: the aDe !an&i&ate who o:taine& one ore %ote to their &e!ision effe!ti%e'the 1i!ar&o was re%s' o%e& fro position as &ean' (See hi,hest $on=ale= nu :er of Co %otes ele!H his 27 is SC1+ &is?ualifie&H 832 the @a%in, an who appoint ent with fi0e& ter H he (19)9)' !an&i&ate o:taine& the ase!on& hi,hest !annotH his !onsentH :efore nu :er without of %otes !annot :e :e transferre& pro!lai e& the 2rant o#of Pardon in'was E e"tion 619917 the en& his ter @e !annot :e!hoi!e asDe& to ,i%e winner' Sin!e he not O##en%e% the of the No' 11 post * !annot 5n !onne!tion with the 8a" 1987 up his nor appointe& as &ean another peopleH he !lai an" ri,ht to theof offi!e' Con,ressional ele!tionsH 7uis 8illanes was !olle,eH u!h less transferre& to another position 8nd Re 619997 prose!ute& for an& !on%i!te& of an ele!tion e%enPifa"er it :e &i,nifie& with a &eanBs ranD' 8ore No' + file& a senten!e& protest with /le!toral offense an& was to suffer i prison ent than 7: thisH the transfer was a the &e @ouse otion :e!ause 3ri:unal ?uestionin, the ele!tion of an 9 ias 8e :er for si0 "ears' !ourt &i& not pose the &eanship in a 3he uni%ersit"H :ein, a!a&e i! of the @ouse of 1epresentati%es in the pu:li! 1987 a&&itional penalt" of &is?ualifi!ation hol& position whi!h re?uires learnin,H to a:ilit" an& national ele!tions on the that 9a is not as a offi!e an& of is &epri%ation of,roun& the ri,ht ofof suffra,e s!holarshipH ore e0alte& than that spe!ial resi&ent the &istri!t the 1)# latter representin,' pro%i&e& for inerel" Se!tion ofis the A as ni:us assistant of who assists the Presi&entH the 6hile the !ase was pen&in,'assistant 9 a!!epte& an not a&* /le!tion Co&e of3he the Philippines title in&i!ates' spe!ial &oes (9'P' 881)' interi appoint ent as unliDe Se!retar" of who the aDe 9l,' authoritati%e &e!isions the &ean -epart ent of >usti!e' &oes so in his own na e an& responsi:ilit"' 3he 5n +pril 1991H the Presi&ent ,rante& hi while a:solute position of &ean is !reate& :" lawH the (1) 8a" + !ontinue with his ele!tion protest par&on on the :asis of a stron, re!o en&ation spe!ial assistant is not so pro%i&e& :" law; in it was or&er &eter ine the real winner in the sai&8aria of the to 9oar& Par&ons an& Parole' a !reation ofof the uni%ersit" presi&ent' (Sta' ele!tionsL State "our reason' %' 7ope=H $'1' No' 7*30773H Fe:ruar" 18H 1970) (2) Can +H who ,ot the se!on& hi,hest nu :er 3hen of %otes forin the the ele!tion ele!tionsH in 8a" asD that 1992H he7uis :e 8illanes files his e& pro!lai !ertifi!ate ele!te& of in pla!e !an&i&a!" of 9Lfor /0plain the offi!e "our of answer' 8a"or in his uni!ipalit"' Se"-rity o# Ten-re5 0eaning 619997 SU22ESTE! No 5M * *6hat ANS4ER: is the eanin, an& ,uarantee of (a) (1) 6hat NoH istenureL the + effe!t a" not of !ontinue the failure with of his theprotest' !ourt to se!urit" of (2N) i '''' pose the a&&itional penalt"L SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: (:) (2) 5s the NoH + par&on !annot %ali&L he :e pro!lai +!!or&in, to Pal asD erathat %' Ci%il Ser%i!e Coe& issionH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ele!te& in pla!e 9' 3he %otes for 9 were 232 SC1+ 87H of S/C<153O AF !ast 3/N<1/ eans (a) nee& to e0pressl" i pose the" are not in%ali& %otes' @en!eH + ,arnere& onl" the thatNo no offi!er or e plo"ee in Y the Ci%il Ser%i!e a!!essor" penalties' se!on& nu :er of %otes' the shall :ehi,hest suspen&e& or &is isse& Anl" e0!ept for !ause !an&i&ate who the &ue a;orit" or pluralit" of as pro%i&e& :" o:taine& law an& after pro!ess' (:) %otes 3he par&on is %oi&H sin!e 7uis e& 8illanes was the is entitle& to :e pro!lai ele!te&' An !on%i!te& foritthe !o of %' an ele!tion this ,roun&H was hel& ission in 7a:o CA8/7/CH offense an& his par&on was not a&e upon the 17) SC1+ 1H that the fa!t that theE !an&i&ate who ARTICLE I/ CO0ELEC e"tora re!o en&ation of the CA8/7/C' <n&er +rti!le o:taine& the hi,hest nu :er of %otes is not Trib-na 5 F-n"tion% B Co+$o%ition 6>A< 5MH CH Se!' 2 of the ConstitutionH no par&on for eli,i:le 899?7 &oes not entitle the !an&i&ate who %iolation of an ele!tion law a" ,rante& o:taine& the se!on& hi,hest nu :e :er of %otes to 1' 6hat is the fun!tion of the Senate without the fa%ora:le re!o en&ation of the :e pro!lai e& the winner' /le!toral 3ri:unal an& the @ouse of CA8/7/C 1epresentati%es /le!toral 3ri:unalL (2'2N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: .-di"ia Re*ie1 o# !e"i%ion% 689917 <n&er +rti!le E5H Se!tion 17 of the 1987 No ME5 * 5n an ele!tion protest in%ol%in, the ConstitutionH the Senate an& @ouse of position of $o%ernor of the Pro%in!e of 7a,una 1epresentati%es /le!toral 3ri:unals shall :e the :etween C+CH the protesteeH an& C9CH the sole ;u&,e of all !ontests relatin, to the ele!tionH protestantH the First -i%ision of the CA8/7/C returnsH an& ?ualifi!ations of their respe!ti%e ren&ere& a &e!ision uphol&in, 9Bs protest 8e :ers' Can C+C file a petition for !ertiorari with the 2' 6hat is the !o position of ea!hL (2'2N) Supre e Court un&er 1ule )2 of the 1ules of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER:

CourtH /a!h /le!toral fro ofthe &e!ision 3ri:unal ofshall the CA8/7/C :e !o pose& First of a:olition offi!es) as &istin,uishe& fro the N5N/ -i%isionL 8e 5f :ersH "es' three 5f of not who whatshall pro!e&ural :e is >usti!es reor,ani=ation of6h"L personnel whi!h is what referre& step ust heas un&ertaDe firstL of Supre e Cthe Courtreor,ani=ation to :e( 2N) &esi,nate& :" the to to the therein pursuant SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Chief an& the re ainin, shall :e Pro!la >usti!eH ation No' 3 &ate& 8ar!h 22H si0 198)'C For the C+C !annot file a ,o%ern petition foror!ertiorari with the 8e :ers Senate of power of of thethe ent totheter@ouse inate the Supre Court' hel& 8astura %s' 1epresentati%esH as +s the !ase a" :eH whooffi!ials shall e plo" eent of ele!ti%e an& in appointi%e CA8/7/CH #93 (1998)H Supre e3 :e !hosen onSC1+ :asis of the proportional pursuant to 282 +rt' 555H the se!' 2 of Pro!la ation No' Court !annot re%iew the &e!isions or Constitution)H resolutions representation fro asthe parties an& the (otherwise Dnown thepoliti!al Pro%isional of a &i%ision of the CA8/7/C' C+C shoul& first file parties or un&er throu,h the or,ani=ations appoint ent re,istere& or &esi,nation of the their a otion s"ste for re!onsi&eration with theto CA8/7/C part"*list represente& therein' 3he senior su!!essors has :een repeate&l" hel& ha%e en&e& en >usti!e in the 3ri:unal shall :e its on :an!' Fe:ruar" 2H /le!toral 1987H when the new Constitution Chair an (-e (+rti!le Se!tion 17H1987 tooD effe!t' 7eon %'E5H /s,uerraH 123 SC1+ )02 Re+o*a #ro+ %' O##i"e5 Co++i%%ioner% 619987 Constitution)' (1987); 1e"es Ferrer $'1' No' 77801H -e!' 11H No 5M' Asias * Suppose a Co $'1H issioner of the CA8/7/C 1987; %' FerrerH No' 770#9H 8ar!h 28H Fair E e"tion5 EF-a B Ti+e 0edia is !har,e& :efore the S$a"e San&i,an:a"an for alle,e&l" 1988)H 8oreo%erH su!h repla!e ent ofin in!u :ents 619897 toleratin, %iolation of as thepres!ri:e& ele!tion laws a,ainst !an onl" :e for !ause :" /0e!uti%e No' 1): + 17H CA8/7/C (CA8/7/C) resolution proliferation of prohi:ite& :ill:oar&s an& ele!tion Ar&er No' &ate& 8a" 28H 198)' Sin!e the pro%i&es that politi!al parties supportin, a propa,an&a with the in en& in %iew of re for o%in, hi su ar" &is issals ?uestion are not !auseH !o ono%al set ofthe !an&i&ates shall :e allowe& to fro offi!e' 6ill a!tion prosperL P2NQ the re the 9ureau of Custo s offi!ials pur!hase ;ointl" air ti e an& the a,,re,ate %iolates art' 5MH 9H se!H 2(3) of the Constitution' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: spa!e pur!hase& for a ount of a&%ertisin, NoH the a!tion will not prosper' <n&er Se!tion !a pai,n purposes shall not e0!ee& that allotte&8H +rti!le M5 of the ConstitutionH the Co issioners to other politi!al parties or ,roups that no inate&of Se"-rity Ten-re 6>A<899A7 the CA8/7/C are re o%a:le :" 58P/+C@8/N3' onl" one o# set of !an&i&ates' 3he resolution is (3) hel& 1i!ar&o was -ean of the Colle,e +s in the !ase of 5n re $on=ales' 1)0 SC1+ !hallen,e& as a ele!te& %iolation of the free&o of of /&u!ation in aa State for the a ter of fi%e:" (2) 771H 77#772H pu:li! offi!er is re resolution o%a:le spee!h an& of the<ni%ersit" press' who 5s "ears unless sooner ter inate&' 8an" were not i pea!h ent !annot :e !har,e& :efore the !onstitutionall" &efensi:leL /0plain' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: please& with his perfor an!e'whi!h 3o appease those San&i,an:a"an with an offense !arries with it OesH the resolution is !onstitutionall" &efensi:le' !riti!al of hi H the Presi&ent !reate& a new positionH the penalt" of re o%al fro offi!e unless he is first <n&er Se!tion #H +rti!le 5M*C of 1987 that of Spe!ial +ssistant to will the :e Presi&ent with i pea!he&' AtherwiseH he re the o%e& frothe ConstitutionH &urin, the ele!tion perio& the ranD of -eanH without re&u!tion in salar"H an& offi!e :" a etho& other than 5 pea!h ent' CA8/7/C a" super%ise or re,ulate the e&ia appointe& 1i!ar&o to sai& position in the interest of of uni!ation or infor ation to ensure e?ual the!oser%i!e' Conte poraneousl"H the <ni%ersit" opportunit"H ti eH an& spa!e on, -ean !an&i&ates Presi&ent appointe& Santos asa+!tin, in pla!e Rig't to o:;e!ti%e (ote5 .-ri%di"tion with the of hol&in, 689917 freeH or&erl"H honestH of 1i!ar&o' (2N) No 55 * 7et us suppose that Con,ress a pea!efulH an& !re&i:le ele!tions'ena!te& 3o allow law whi!h awhi!h en&e& the A ni:us /le!tion Co&e !an&i&ates are supporte& :" ore than one (parti!ularl" Se!tions 138H 139H 1#2H 1#3) politi!al part" to pur!hase ore air ti :" e an& (a) H in the -oes the !an&i&ates phrase Cunless sooner %estin, CA8/7/C the ;uris&i!tion o%er a&%ertisin, spa!e than supporte& :" inate&C ean that the position of latter 1i!ar&o in!lusion an& part" e0!lusion !ases file& :" the %otersH one ter politi!al onl" will &epri%e of is ter ina:le at willL instea& the !ourts (83CH then 13C)' 5s the e?ual ti of ein an& spa!e in the e&ia' ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: law %ali& or notH an& wh"L (2N) NoH the ter Cunless sooner ter inate&C !oul& ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: not +lthou,h No' ean that the his e0pen&iture position is liter itation ina:le applies at will' 3he law ,rantin, the CA8/7/C ;uris&i!tion o%er onl" to the pur!hase of air ti eH is thus lea%in, Se!urit" of tenure eans that &is issal shoul& in!lusion an& e0!lusion !ases un!onstitutional' politi!al parties free as to spen& forof other foran& s of onl" :e for !auseH pro%i&e& :" law not <n&er Se!tion 2(3)H +rti!le 5MC the ConstitutionH !a pai,nH the li !annot itation nonetheless results a otherwise' (Pal era %' CSCH $'1' 1101)8H the CA8/7/C &e!i&e the No' ri,ht toin%oteH &ire!t an& su:stantial the e0!lusion ?uantit" of of +u,ust #H 199#) whi!h refers to the re&u!tion in!lusion of an& politi!al spee!h :" restri!tin, nu :er of of the %oters' <n&er Se!tion 2())H the +rti!le 5M*C ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: issues that !an &is!usse&H the &epthin of!ourt their for ConstitutionH it :e !an onl" file petitions NoH his position is not ter ina:le at will' that 1i!ar&oBs &is!ussion the si=e of the au&ien!e !an in!lusion oran& e0!lusion of %oters' !ontra!t of e throu,h plo" ent a fi0e& ter ofSin!e fi%e :e rea!he&H the has :roa&!ast e&ia' "ears' 5t is not ent inClause an a!tin, the purpose of an theappoint Free Spee!h is to !apa!it" or as offi!er*in*!har,e' + !olle,e &ean pro ote the wi&est possi:le &isse ination of E e"tion La1% 8nd appointe& with a ter !annot :e separate& infor ationH an& the realit" is that to &o this P a"er R- e 6899:7 without !ause' 1i!ar&oH with a &efinite ofinon re?uires the e0pen&iture of a"oralt" one"H a li ter itation No E555 * 5n the uni!ipal ele!tions e plo" entH a" not thus :e e0pen&iture for this purpose !annot :e ;ustifie&H 1980H the !an&i&ate who o:taine& the hi,hest not for the purpose of e?uali=in, nu e%en :er of %otes was su:se?uentl" &e!lare& to

9) 9 is the &is!har,e not offi!e !onsi&ere& of a"or' ipso <n&er fa!to Se!tion resi,ne&' ## of the 7o!al )7 $o%ern ent Co&eH it is the %i!e a"or Se!tion of the A ni:us /le!tion Co&e who shoul& su!!ee& in !ase of ipso per fa!to anent !onsi&ers an" ele!ti%e offi!ial resi,ne& %a!an!" in the offi!e of the 5t is onl" when fro offi!e upon his filin, a"or' of a !ertifi!ate of the position of an" the %i!e isthan also the %a!ant !an&i&a!" for offi!e a"or other onethat he is the e e0!ept :er of the 9a"an who hol&in, for San,,unian, Presi&ent an& Ei!e*Presi&entH o:taine& the hi,hest nu /le!tion :er of %otes was repeale& :" the Fair +!t will su!!ee& to the offi!e of a"or' E##e"t o# Fi ing o# Certi#i"ate o# Candida"y5 A$$re"iation o# &a ot% 6199;7 Fair E e"tion A"t 6899:7 No' M3; No * (a) 5f a Pe&ro !an&i&ate 1e"esfor is an town in!u a"or :ent is Ei!e* an en,ineer 8a"or of :" (ue=on professionH Cit"' @e shoul& inten&s %otes to for run hi in with the the prefi0 re,ular ele!tions C/n,ineerC for the :eposition in%ali&ate& of Cit" as 8a"or C arDe& of :allotsCL Cit" whose in!u :ent (ue=on a"or woul& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ha%e full" ser%e& three !onse!uti%e ter s :" 3) NoH6oul& a :allot in whi!h the na e to of ,i%e a !an&i&ate 200#' Pe&ro 1e"es ha%e up his for townas Ei!e*8a"or* a"or who is an en,ineer whi!h is position (1) An!e he files his !ertifi!ate of prefi0e& with Cen,ineerC shoul& not :e in%ali&ate& !an&i&a!"; or as a arDe& :allot' <n&er 1ule No' 12 of the (2) 6hen the !a pai,n starts; orwhi!h rules for the appre!iation of perio& :allotsH :allots (3) An!e if heare is pro!lai !ontain su!h an& prefi0es %ali&' e& winner in the ele!tion; or !i%F-a (#) <pon i#i"ation5 2ro-nd% his assu 619917 ption to the ele!ti%e No' offi!e; 11 *or5n !onne!tion with the 8a" 1987 (2) None of the a:o%e' Choose Con,ressional ele!tionsH 7uis the 8illanes was !orre!t answer prose!ute& for an& !on%i!te& of an ele!tion offense an& was senten!e& to suffer i prison ent (:) Pe&ro 1e"es wereH instea&H an in!u :ent for 5f si0 "ears' 3he !ourt &i& not i pose the Con,ress an of (ue=on Cit"H whotointen&s to a&&itional penalt" of &is?ualifi!ation hol& pu:li! seeD a"oralt" post of in the (ue=on Cit"H woul&as offi!e the an& of &epri%ation ri,ht of suffra,e "our !hoi!e of answer in no'(1) a:o%e :e the pro%i&e& for in Se!tion 1)# of the A ni:us sa eL 5fCo&e notH whi!h :e "our !hoi!eL /le!tion of thewoul& Philippines (9'P' 9l,' 881)' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 5n +pril (a) 3he1991H !orre!t theanswer Presi&ent is (2)' ,rante& Se!tion hi a:solute 1# of the par&on Fair /le!tion on the :asis +!t repeale& of a stron, Se!tion re!o )7 en&ation of the of the A ni:us 9oar& /le!tion of Par&ons Co&eH an& whi!h Parole' pro%i&e& 3hen that for the an" ele!tion offi!ialH ele!te& in 8a" whether 1992H 7uis national 8illanes or lo!alH files his who runs !ertifi!ate for an" offi!e of !an&i&a!" other than for the the one offi!e he is of hol&in, 8a"or in in a his anent per uni!ipalit"' !apa!it"H e0!ept for Presi&ent an& Ei!e Presi&entH shall :e !onsi&ere& ipso fa!to resi,ne& (!) his 5soffi!e a petition tothe &is?ualif" 8illanes fro upon filin, of his !ertifi!ate of (&) 6hat areSe!tion %ia:leL the effe!ts petition &is?ualif"L !an&i&a!"' 1# of ofa the Fairto /le!tion +!t liDewise ren&ere& ineffe!ti%e the first pro%iso in the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: thir& para,raph of Se!tion 11 of 1epu:li! +!t No' (!) 5n a!!or&an!e with Se!' )8 of the A ni:us 8#3)' /le!tion Co&eH 7uis 8illanes a" :e &is?ualifie& 8nd runnin, fro P a"er for R- e5 a"or in as >-o he was 4arranto !on%i!te& Ca%e% of an 619987 offense' ele!tion Conse?uentl"H Pe&ro 1e"es !an run for 8a"or No' 1): /&win without ,i%in, up Ni!asioH his position :orn inas the Ei!e*8a"or' Philippines @e of (&) <n&er Se!' ) of 1efor s of 7awH Filipino parents an& raise& in the pro%in!e will ha%e to ,i%e upthe his/le!toral position as Ei!e*8a"or an" !an&i&ate who :een final on Nue%a upon e0piration /!i;aH ran for of has his $o%ernor ter &e!lare& as of his Ei!e*8a"or ho:"e ;u&, ent200#' to :e &is?ualifie& shall not :e %ote& pro%in!e' @e won an& he was sworn into offi!e' 5t >une 30H (<o+eB T-e did no+not asC +-e e>a0inee forH %otes !ast2*es+ion for hi shall :e !ounte&' wasan& re!entl" re%eale&H howe%erH that Ni!asio is a +o e>p'ain +-e reason )or c-oice and +-e naturali=e& + eri!an !iti=en' a) -is -oes he still genera' ins+r*c+ions re2*ires s*c- disc*ssion 5f :efore the ele!tion he is not &e!lare& :" final possess Philippine !iti=enshipL on'y +o a DyesD or DnoD ans&er.) ;u&, ent to :e &is?ualifie& an& he is %ote& for

(:) answer is the sa enu if Pe&ro is a an& he re!ei%es the winnin, :er ,u:e of1e"es %otesH the :) 3he 5f the se!on&*pla!er in the atorial hearin, Con,ress on the an a?uestion of of &is?ualifi!ation Cit"H :e!ause shoul& the ele!tions files ?uo(ue=on warranto suit a,ainst Ni!asio !ontinue' repeal Se!tion )7&is?ualifie& of of the the!o A plainant ni:us /le!tion or an" an& he of is <pon foun& tootion :e fro offi!eH !an inter%enorH the !ourt the CA8/7/C a" or&er Co&e !o%ers :oth or ele!ti%e national lo!al the se!on&*pla!er :e sworn into an& offi!e as the suspension of the pro!la ation of the winnin, offi!ials' ,o%ernorL !) !an&i&ate 5fH if instea&H the e%i&en!e Ni!asio of ha& his ,uilt :een is stron,' :orn (of the E Con%$ira"y to States &ribe (oter% sae"tion e set O##en%e%5 of parents) in the <nite& an& he 619917 there:" a!?uire& + eri!an !iti=enship :" :irthH No' 12: -is!uss the &isputa:le presu ptions !i%-a i#i"ation% 619997 woul& "our answer :e &ifferentL (a) of* !onspira!" an& (:) of the No E +'2' <n&er to the:ri:e 7o!al%oters $o%ern ent Co&eH SU22ESTE! in%ol%e ent ofANS4ER: a !an&i&ate an& of his fro prin!ipal na e four persons who are &is?ualifie& !a pai,n ana,ers in su!h !onspira!"' a) NoH Ni!asio no lon,er possesses runnin, for an" ele!ti%e position' (2N) Philippine SU22ESTE! !iti=enship' ''' ANS4ER: S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: +2') <n&er Se!tion #0 of the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH the followin, are (a) Se!H of with the /le!toral 1efor s 7aw :) <n&er 5n a!!or&an!e thean" rulin, in ele!ti%e +:ella us' &is?ualifie& fro 28 runnin, for lo!al proof that at3hose least one %oter in:" &ifferent pre!in!ts CA8/7/CH 201 SC1+ 223H the se!on& pla!er position: 1) senten!e& final ;u&, ent for representin, at least !ent of the total !annot :e sworn to twent" offi!eH per :e!ause he lost the an pre!in!ts in an" uni!ipalit"H !it" offi!eH or pro%in!e was offense in%ol%in, oral or for ele!tion' 3o :e entitle& to turpitu&e the he an ust offere&H pro punisha:le ise& or ,i%en one"H %alua:le offense :" one (1) "ear or ofore ha%e ,arnere& the a;orit" or pluralit" the !onsi&eration or other e0pen&iture the relati%esH of i prison entH within two (2):" "ears after %otes' lea&er or s" senten!e; pathi=er of a !an&i&ate for the ser%in, !) purpose 2) Oes 3hose of pro :e!ause reotin, o%e& he the fro will !an&i&a!" :e offi!e a &ual as of!iti=en a su!h result''' of !an&i&ateH an a& inistrati%e ,i%es rise !ase; to a &isputa:le presu ption 8nd 3) !onspira!" P a"er 3hose R!on%i!te& e5 R- e o# :" S-""e%%ion final ;u&, ent 6199?7 for of to :ri:e %oters' No' %iolatin, 13: 1) the + an& oath9 ofwere alle,ian!e the onl" to !an&i&ates the 1epu:li! for of (:) <n&er Se!' 28 if the proof affe!ts at least 20N the Philippines; a"or of 9i,aaH 9ula!an in the 8a" 1992 lo!al of pre!in!ts of the uni!ipalit"H !it" or #) the 3hose with &ual !iti=enship; 2) Fu,iti%es ele!tions' + o:taine& 10H000 %otes as a,ainst pro%in!e to whi!h pu:li! offi!e aspire& :" fro ;usti!e in inal orsa nonpoliti!al !ases 3H000 %otes for!ri 9' the 5n the e ele!tionsH Mfor ,ot the the fa%ore& relatesH this shall !onstitute here or a:roa&; hi,hest nu !an&i&ate :er of %otes a on, the !an&i&ates a ption of of the in%ol%e ent of+ ))&isputa:le Per presu anent resi&ents in a forei,n !ountr" for the San,,unian, 9a"an the sa e town' the !an&i&ate an& of his prin!ipal !a pai,n or those who ha%e a!?uire& the ri,ht to resi&e &ie& the &a" :efore his pro!la ation' a) 6ho ana,ers in ea!hof ofCan%assers the uni!ipalities a:roa& an& !ontinue to a%ail of the sa e ri,ht shoul& the 9oar& !on!erne&H in the !onspira!"' after the effe!ti%it" of the 7o!al $o%ern ent pro!lai as ele!te& a"orH +H 9 or ML /0plainH :) Co&e; an& 7) 3he insane or fee:le* in&e&' 6ho is entitle& to &is!har,e the fun!tions of the offi!e of the a"orH 9 or ML /0plain' E##e"t o# Fi ing o# Certi#i"ate o# Candida"y5 SU22ESTE! A$$ointi*e O##i"er ANS4ER: *% E e"ti*e O##i"er 689987 5n No a!!or&an!e M555' +H a Cit" with 7e,al 9enito Affi!erH %s' an& CA8/7/CH 9H a Cit" 232 SC1+ Ei!e*8a"orH #3)H it file& is + !ertifi!ates who shoul& of !an&i&a!" :e pro!laifor e& the as winnerH position :e!ause of Cit" 8a"or he was in the the 8a" one 1#H who 2001 o:taine& the ele!tions' hi,hest a) nu 6as:er + ipso of %otes fa!to !onsi&ere& for the position of resi,ne& a"orH :ut an&H a notation shoul& :e a&e that he if soH effe!ti%e what &ateL (2N) :) 6as 9 ipso &ie& for the on purpose of appl"in, the rule on fa!to !onsi&ere& resi,ne& an&H su!!ession to offi!e' 9 !annot :e pro!lai e&H if soH effe!ti%e on what &ateL (3N) 5nwho :otho:taine& !asesH :e!ause the &eath of the !an&i&ate state the reason or reasons for "ournot answer' the hi,hest nu :er of %otes &oes entitle the !an&i&ate who o:taine& the ne0t hi,hest nu :er SU22ESTE! of %otes to :eANS4ER: pro!lai e& the winnerH sin!e he +) + was !onsi&ere& fa!to resi,ne& upon was not the !hoi!e ipso of the ele!torate' M is not the filin, to of his :e!ause entitle& :e!ertifi!ate pro!lai of e&!an&i&a!"H ele!te& as a"orH :ein, a Cit" 7e,al he is an appointi%e :e!ause he ran forAffi!erH the San,,unian, 9a"an' offi!ial' Se!tion )) of the A ni:us /le!tion Co&e pro%i&es that an" person hol&in, a pu:li! Neither 9 nor M is entitle& to &is!har,e the appointi%e offi!e shall :e !onsi&ere& ipso fa!to fun!tions upon of thethe offi!e of of a"or' 9 is not entitle& resi,ne& filin, his !ertifi!ate of to &is!har,e the offi!e of a"orH sin!e he was !an&i&a!"' &efeate& in the ele!tion' M is not entitle& to

Pre<Pro" SolisH an& honest #3 a+ation SC1+ ele!tions' 123H Conte%t5 Se%eral it was !an&i&ates hel& Pro$er that where for I%%-e% a pre%ente& pre;u&i!e to fro the !astin, filin, of their an ele!tion %otes' 3he protest' a) the :aran,a"L :) the 3he 6199?7 uni!ipal CA8/7/C positions has with&rew e0!lusi%e fro ;uris&i!tion the ra!e' Ane of his all protestant in an ele!tion !ase a!!epte& CA8/7/C @owe%erH the &is pro!ee&in,s isse& the pre*pro!la a" !ontinue ation when on uni!ipalit"L !) the pro%in!eL &) !an&i&ate pre*pro!la NoH 1#: 2) for $i%e ation 8a"or three !ontro%ersies' petitione& issues that the (5&'H !an CA8/7/C se!' :e 2#1) 5ts appoint ent as ;u&,eH he a:an&one& hisproperl" !lai for to !ontest the :asis on of the the ,roun& e%i&en!e that all the returns so farH appear the !it"L e) the @ouse of presente& the postpone raise& an&:e!o :rou,ht ent of inthe a pre*pro!la ele!tions an& ation the !ontest' hol&in, &e!isions e e0e!utor" afterprotest' the lapse of 2 !o CA8/7/C plete an& or unta the Supre pere&' e Court &eter ines that pu:li! offi!e in%ol%e& in the @en!eH 1epresentati%esL of spe!ial the !auses of su!h &a"s fro ele!tions re!eipt :" the losin, part" of the the petition appears to :e eritorious' (Se!tion 1)H the protest ust :e after &is isse& for ha%in, :e!o e SU22ESTE! postpone ent ANS4ER: or in failure of ele!tions shall ha%e of SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: -eter 1epu:li! ine +!t if No' the 71))) CA8/7/C &e!i&e& !orre!tl" &e!isionH unless restraine& :" the Supre e oot' Si ilarl"H Pere= % Pro%in!ial 9oar& 2) +!!or&in, to Se!tion 2#3 of the Athat ni:us !ease&' 1) 5n if a!!or&an!e with Se!tionfor 2(2)H +rti!le 5M*C an& C9C has an" re!ourse !ontestin, C+BsC Court' (5&'H se!' 2#)) Nue%a /!i;aH 113 SC1+ 187H it was hel& the /le!tion Co&eH the to followin, issuesoffi!e !an ha& :e of the Constitution an ele!tion protest in%ol%in, ele!tion' !lai of a petitioner an appointi%e 1' + @ow loser an" a" %otes still of the :rin, CA8/7/C an ele!tion properl" SU22ESTE! (9) ANS4ER: CAN3/S3S +n ele!tion protest the /7/C35AN ele!ti%e position enu erate& :elow shoul& :e!o e raise&' ootH :e!ause the petitioner !ontest ha& Co 1 issioners 3he !o!lai position a" :e or pro!ee&in,s tooffi!e ,rant of petitionL the :oar& of !on!ernin, the ele!tionH returnsH an&the ?ualifi!ations 3he CA8/7/C !orre!tl" &is C9BsC is :" filin, a protest !ontainin, the P1/* :einitiate& file& in the followin, !ourts orisse& tri:unals: forfeite& his to !ast the :" filin, a /0plain' !an%assers ille,al; of the !an&i&ate pro!laifor e&' a"or' 5n the !ase of ele!ti%e followin, a) 9aran,a" * 8etropolitan P1AC7+8+35AN CAN3/S3' 3rial Su!hCourtH a !ontest is alle,ations: !ertifi!ate ofare !an&i&a!" 2 3he !an%asse& ele!tion returns are with in!o the pleteH 1' a !an&i&ate who or &ul" file& are a :aran,a" offi!ialsH the !ontest a" :e file& 8uni!ipal Cir!uit 3rial CourtH li 3he ite& protestant to !lai sis that the ele!tion returns E uni!ipal 2' e"tion + person Prote%t who &efe!tsH was *%= not >-o a 4arranto !an&i&ate at the ti e withH !ontain aterial appro%e& to 689917 :eof ta ele!ti%e pere& !ertifi!ate 8uni!ipal ofor !an&i&a!" 3rial Court an& was %ote& for in the trial !ourts; in the !ase in!o plete that the" !ontain aterial &efe!ts No of the ME55 postpone * <n&er the ent A ofthe the ni:us ele!tions /le!tion &e!i&e& Co&e or !ontain &is!repan!" in the sa e returns or to in other :) 8uni!ipalit" * 1e,ional 3rialwithH Court uni!ipal offi!ialsH in 1e,ional 3rial Court; in ele!tion: or that the" ha%e :een ta pere& falsifie& or (9'P' run for 881H an of ele!ti%e as a en&e&)H position an& :riefl" file& &ifferentiate a !ertifi!ate anin 2' authenti!ate& !opies; !) Pro%in!e 3he protestee * CA8/7/C has :een pro!lai the !ase ele!ti%e pro%in!ial an& !it" offi!ialsH prepare& un&er &uress or that the" e&; !ontain ele!tion of !an&i&a!" protest prior fro to 5MH the a ?uo spe!ial warranto ele!tions' !aseH 8a" as toof 3 3he ele!tion returns were prepare& un&er &uressH 3' an& 3he &) Cit" &ate* of CA8/7/C the ationH !re&ite& (8iro %s' to the the CA8/7/C (+rt' CH se!' 2(2)); in the !ase &is!repan!ies in pro!la the %otes his !ertifi!ate of !an&i&a!" :e /0plain' who threatsH !an!oer!ionH file the !ase or inti an& i&ationH the respe!ti%e or the" are ,roun&s e) <n&er121 Se!tion SC1+ 17' #))) +rti!le E5 of the Senators or Con,ress enH in a!!epte&L the Senate or o:%iousl" @ouse CA8/7/CH !an&i&atesH the &ifferen!e of whi!h affe!ts the therefor' anufa!ture& (2N) or not (+rt' authenti!; an& 17); an& in the result of ConstitutionH an (A ele!tion protest /le!toral 3ri:unals E5H se!' the ele!tion' ni:us /le!tion Co&eH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER5 # or frau&ulent returns in !ontro%erte& followin, in%ol%in, ha%e the ;uris&i!tion position ofo%er 8e ele!tion :er of the !ase ofSu:stitute the Presi&ent an& Ei!e Presi&entH in the 3he sees' 2#3H 23#*23)) 3' he ran as a su:stitute for a :" !an&i&ate +nSuppose /7/C35AN P1A3/S3 a":e file& a losin, @ouse of 1epresentati%es shall :e file& pollin, pla!es were !an%asse&H the results of whi!h !ontests: Presi&ential /le!toral 3ri:unal' (+rt' E55H se!' #)' who pre%iousl" with&rew his !an&i&a!"H will winner "our !an&i&ate for the sa offi!e for whi!h the An a) the in other the 9aran,a" @ouse han&H the of offi!ials 1epresentati%es ?uestion * 5nferior whether Court; or not ateriall" affe!te& theestan&in, of the a,,rie%e& answer :eor the sa eL /0plain' file& his !ertifi!ate of !an&i&a!"' + (<A :) was /le!toral 8uni!ipal 3ri:unal' offi!ials 3rialother !an&i&ate !an&i&ates' there terroris H %ote *1e,ional :u"in, an& Court; in the ele!tions !annot :e the 6+11+N3A C+S/ a" :e file& :" an" %oter irre,ularities SU22ESTE! Pre<Pro" ANS4ER: Conte%t *%= E e"tion su:;e!t E,$iration !) of a1e,ionalH o# ter+ bar% pro%in!ialH %er*i"e an& t'ereo# !it" 689997 who is aa+ation re,istere& %oter in the !onstituen!" pre*pro!la ation !ontest :ut offi!ials ust :e 1' +!!or&in, to Se!tion!an&i&ate 7H +rti!le 5M*+ of theto :e Conte%t% 619977 CA8/7/C (Se!tion 2(2)H +rt' 5M*C of where the winnin, sou,ht raise& in a re,ular ele!tion protest' (San!he= 1987 ConstitutionH CA8/7/C shall &e!i&e NoH 17: ran State how (a) pre*pro!la ation NoCA8/7/CH %' ME5'the 5n the Constitution); ele!tions $1' No'of 78#)1; 8a" 1992H Pon!e Cru= /nrile an& %' &is?ualifie& for the offi!e' :" a 8+>A153O EA3/ of all its e :ers !ontro%ersiesH on the one han&H an& (:) an" ele!tion &) Con,ress an791#) *@ouse of Santos CA8/7/CH were $'1' the !an&i&ates Nos' for4 the 79212H offi!e+u,' of 12H 5n anor !ase ele!tion atter :rou,ht !ontestH :efore the it 5n Cua are: %s' (a) who 1epresentati%es 3ri:unal' protestsH on the otherH are issues initiate&H hear& an& 8uni!ipal 1987; +:es 8a"orH %' CA8/7/CH the ter /le!toral of 21 whi!h SC1+ was 1222 to e0pire (19)7) re!ei%e& CA8/7/CH the 12)a;orit" SC1+282H or pluralit" the Supre of the e Court %otes finall" resol%e&' e) 30H Senators * Senate /le!toral 3ri:unal' onSin!e ) >une the 1992' :asisFin&in, of C9BsC that petition he wonis :" that a his SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: state& a le,all" two*to*one a whi!h that were !ast&e!ision an& (:)ren&ere& whether :" there (Se!tion 1' +rti!le E5 of the followers ar,in of ha& 20 %otesH :een :ou,ht the 8uni!ipal while others 9oar& ha& of :een (+) P1/*P1AC7+8+35AN -i%ision of the CA8/7/C an& CAN31AE/1S5/S a three*to*two Constitution); were irre,ularities in the !on&u!t of the ele!tion Can%assers pre%ente& fro pro!lai !astin, e& Cru= their as :allotsH the &ul" his ele!te& re e&" a) affe!te& (uestions affe!tin, the !oenposition or is &e!ision ren&ere& :" the CA8/7/C :an! f) file an& Ei!e Presi&ent * whi!h its results' 8a"or' to Santos anPresi&ent ele!tion file& an !ontest ele!tion an& protest this :efore shoul& the :e of the :oar& of !an%assers waspro!ee&in,s %ali& where onl" fi%e e :ers tooD part in a" :rou,ht Supre e Court #H +rti!le3ri:unal E55 ofit 1e,ional in 3rial the @ouse Court (13C) or (Se!tion Senate whi!h /le!toral &e!i&e& that 5n a:e ?uo warranto the issue whether the &e!i&in, initiate& the !ase' in !aseH the :oar& of is !an%assers or whi!hH the Constitution)' was Santos un&er who +rt'ha& E5H Se!' the pluralit" 17H is the of 30 sole %otes ;u&,e an& of E e"tion Prote%t 619997 !an&i&ate who was pro!lai e& ele!te& shoul& :e &ire!tl" with the CA8/7/C' pro!lai the ele!tionH e& hi the returns winner' an& An ?ualifi!ations otion a&eH the of 2' NoH his !ertifi!ate !annot :e No' + file& a with the @ouse &is?ualifie& :e!auseof of!an&i&a!" ineli,i:ilit" or &islo"alt" to 3he &e!ision ofprotest the pen&in, inferior !ourt in /le!toral ele!tion 13C e 7: :ers ,rante& of ea!h e0e!ution @ouse of Con,ress' the appeal of a!!epte&' :) <n&er (uestions Se!tionin%ol%in, 72 of the A theni:us ele!tion 3ri:unal ?uestionin, the ele!tion of 9 on as 8e the Philippines' !ontests in%ol%in, :aran,a" offi!ials an& of :er the Cru= to the CA8/7/C (Co ele!) an& this /le!tion returns Co&eH an&as the a rule !ertifi!ates in !ases of of!an%ass postpone shall ent of theSantos @ouse of 1epresentati%es in the 1987 1e,ional 3rialassu Court in offi!e ele!tion !ontests in%ol%in, :asis' e& an& ser%e& as E e"tion Prote%t >-o 4arranto 6>A<899?7 or failure of ele!tion no a&&itional !ertifi!ate ofthe :e :rou,ht in*%= the first instan!e :efore Pre<Pro" a+ation Conte%t 619887 national ele!tions on ,roun& that re%erse& 9 is a uni!ipal offi!ials are appeala:le to not the 8uni!ipal 8a"or' 5n ti the eH the Co ele! -ifferentiate ele!tion protest an a!tion !an&i&a!" :e a!!epte&' :oar& shall ofan!an%assers onl"H fro (Se!tion 17H No' 18: of 5n ele!tion lawH what is a Cru= resi&ent the &istri!t the latter is representin,' CA8/7/C' (Se!tion 2(2)' +rti!le 5M*C ofpre* the the rulin, of 13C an& instea& rule& that for ?uo warranto' (2'2N) pro!la ation !ontro%ers"L 6here a" it 1epu:li! +!t NoH 21))') 6hile the !ase was pen&in,' 9 pro!lai a!!epte& a&* Constitution') 3he the CA8/7/C a" won :" a ar,in of&e!ision #0 %otesof an& e&an hi :e SU22ESTE! !) 3he ANS4ER: :oar& of !an%assers shoul& rule liti,ate& with the ulti ate winner interi appoint ent +fter as Se!retar" of the :e :rou,ht to finalit"L the Supre e Court on on the &ul" ele!te& 8uni!ipal 8a"or' a) 5t !ertiorari is now 3' the answer will :e &ifferent' Se!tion +nNoH on /7/C35AN the o:;e!tions P1A3/S3 su aril"' is <n&er a(Se!tion pro!ee&in, 20H has :een &ul" pro!lai e&H Cru= &oes the loser still -epart ent of >usti!e' ?uestions of law' (1i%era %s' CA8/7/CH 199 :e"on& >une 30H 1992' Can still hol& offi!e 72 of the A /le!tion Co&eH an a&&itional (1) the 8a" +re !ontinue with hishas ele!tion in where:" a ni:us losin, !an&i&ate for a parti!ular 1epu:li! +!t No' 71))') ha%e an" e&" to ter the en& than he protest a" finall" SC1+ 178) for portion of the he faile& to ser%eL !ertifi!ate &) !ontests of +n" !an&i&a!" part" a&%ersel" a" :eof a!!epte& affe!te& in !ases a" or&er (3N) to &eter inehe the real winner in the sai& position the results the ele!tion on o:tain the position aspire& for in the ele!tionL 6h"L of postpone appeal to ent the or failure CA8/7/C' of ele!tion (Se!tion if there was 20' ele!tionsL 3he &e!ision Stateof "our the reason' CA8/7/C in ele!tion ,roun&s of frau&H terroris H irre,ularities or ille,al /0plain' a su:stitution of :eforeH !an&i&ates; :ut the su:stitute 1epu:li! +!t No' 71))') SU22ESTE! ANS4ER5 ANS4ER: !ontests in%ol%in, re,ionalH pro%in!ial an& !it" a!ts !o itte& &urin, or after the !astin, e) 3he &e!ision of en&orse& the (1)P1/*P1AC7+8+35AN NoH + a" a" not !ontinue with his protest' 3here ust :elon, to of an& ust :e :"ission the a) + +s hel& in 8alaluan %'to CA8/7/CH CAN31AE/1SO 22# SC1+ refers offi!ials :e :rou,ht the Supre e Court on an& !ountin, %otes' An the Co other han&H on a sa /le!tion e part"' a"(<A :e :rou,ht to the Supre Court is no &ispute as !an to wasto the in the the 397 to an" (199))' ?uestion Cru= pertainin, no lon,er hol& or winner offi!e affe!tin, for the !ertiorari (Se!tion 7Hwho +rti!le 5M*+ an& Se!tion P/3535AN FA1 6+11+N3A is file& e :" an" on !ertiorari a,,rie%e& part"H (Se!tion ele!tionH itof is the not &ispute& that it was his 9 whi!h who portion pro!ee&in,s ofas the ter he :oar& faile& to ofser%e !an%assers sin!e 2(2)H +rti!le 5M*C of the Constitution') re,istere& %oter :" to the !ontest the ele!tion of an" Pre<Pro" a+ation Conte%t 619877 or &islo"alt" 7H +rti!le of theof Constitution') o:taine& a;orit"' 3he !an&i&ate purpose of or the :" protest ter a" has :e the e0pire&' raise& :" an" an" !an&i&ate on5M*+ ,roun&s ineli,i:ilit" No' E55: C+C an&of C9C were !an&i&ates for 3he of the the Senate /le!toral 3ri:unal is si &e!isions pl" topoliti!al seeD re o%al of 9 fro of offi!e on re,istere& part" or !oalition politi!al to the 1epu:li! the Philippines' representati%es in the 1987 National /le!tionsH C9C Petition to !e" are Fai -re o# e"tion%5 an& of the @ouse of 1epresentati%es /le!toral the ,roun& that he is ineli,i:le' @owe%erH 9 parties :efore the :oar& or E &ire!tl" with the +ll pre*pro!la ation !ontro%ersies pen&in, :efore file& a pre*pro!la ation !ontest with the ReF-i%ite% B E##e"t% 6199A7 3ri:unal a" :e ele%ate& to the un&er Supre e Court forfeite& his !lai to the position of !on,ress an CA8/7/CH or an" atter raise& se!s' 233* the CA8/7/C shall :e &ee e& ter inate& E e"tion CA8/7/C Prote%t5 on the .-ri%di"tion ,roun& that ra 6199?7 pant %ote at the No' an& terroris atten&in, on !ertiorari if was ,ra%e of :" ): a!!eptin, an there a& interi appoint ent as 23) of-ue the to A %iolen!e ni:us /le!tion Co&e in a:use relation to :e,innin, the ter a!!o of for the the offi!e in%ol%e& an& NoH 1#:an& :u"in, 1)of +s terroris !ounsel panie& protestantH the ele!tions' where !astin, of %otes in%s a issionH uni!ipalit" in1)8 7anao &is!retion' (7a=atin CA8/7/C Se!retar" of >usti!eH the protest a,ainst hiSC1+ has the preparationH trans re!eiptH !usto&" or the of the :oar& of of !an%assers shall :ou,ht* :e a will rulin,s Parti!ulars "ou file were an supplie& ele!tion C9BsC protest followers in%ol%in, &el Sure&urin, thethe last 8 8a" will 1992 ele!tionsH 391) :e!o oot' Nothin, :e ,aine& :" appre!iation of ele!tion returns' (A it ni:us &ee e& affir e&H without off an& other followers !onteste& ele!ti%e position in: :e!a e Co&eH i it'possi:le to hol& therein resol%in, 5n the !ase of Purisi afreeH %' or&erl" /le!tion se!H 2#1)'

Fran!hisin, !ertifi!ate ruleH also of &o-ndary the runnin, in ConstitutionH a representati%e of!i%$-te an& !an&i&a!" for re*ele!tion' 1e,ulator" the Re%o Co or &e in-tion5 9oth 9oar& o!ra!"H fa%or ission were of (73F19)H L2U5 on the a !an&i&ate offi!ial +u&it people RTCJ% has for an shoul& !an&i&ates the .-ri%di"tion ,rantin, authorit" offi!e :e a allowe& !ertifi!ate of for to 6>19<899A7 the settle whi!h sa freel" of all e he pu:li! politi!al a!!ounts to &i& !hoose not !on%enien!e part"' present pertainin, those +fter hi who to the self' to 8r' +lthou,h will last e0pen&iture 1 1i!ar&o *,o%ern &a" 3here 8a!apinla!H for the the the of was Co&e pu:li! filin, ' @a%in, a &oes of a fun&s' :oun&ar" resi&ent !ertifi!ates not won 1aintree pro%i&e the of&ispute ele!tionsH 8a!a:e:eH of for !an&i&a!"H Corporation stra" :etween the to :allotH !hoi!e the !annot -uenasH operate 8a"or it of file ferr" isthe presu &ie&' a a!ase ser%i!e people <n&er uni!ipalit"H e& in !ourt' shoul& a!ross that these stra" 3he :e the fa!ts respe!te&' :allot 1epu:li! an& sa* a) e refers ri%er Can PassiH of the an& to an stra" 8a"or Ei!e Philippines :etween %ote' the &i& su!!ee& sa not eponent wai%e :arrios to the its :ein, offi!e i :oth unit" ser%i!e& of of fro the suit in&epen&ent !o !it"H sa e 8a"or (:) pursuant @ow woul& to the "ou pro%isions rule on whether of the+ !he!D or ent not when presentl" it entere& :" the into uni!ipalit"Bs the !ontra!t ferr" with :oats' 1aintree pro%in!e' State how the two lo!al ,o%ern Re"a 689987 7o!al 8anuel $o%ern isof ent eli,i:le Co&eL to/0plain' run as :) 8a"or +ssu of in, the Corporation of the re!or&s for the the suppl" appli!ation of pon!hos of 8a!apinla! for the use units shoul& settle their :oun&ar" &ispute' (2N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Nothe that ME5' newl"*!reate& the Ei!e Suppose 8a"or the Cit" su!!ee&s people of was 3u:a of to a i pro%in!e e&iatel" after of shows +r that e& the For!es appli!ation of the Philippines' file& so 3he e want onths 9oun&ar" the position &isputes of 8a"or :etween after the lo!al in!u ,o%ern :ent ent to re!all ha%in, the pro%in!ial alrea&" ,o%ernor ser%e& :efore for three the en& (3) !ontra!t :eforeH set in%ol%es for hearin,H the &efense an& noti!es of the of Philippines su!h &ie&H whi!h position is now &ifferent fro of units !onse!uti%e shoul&H as ter s as as 8a"or possi:leH of the 8uni!ipalit" :e settle& of his an& hearin, therefore three*"ear were pu:lishe& relates ter u!h to of a in offi!eH so%erei,n two newspapers fun!tion' +' An the what one for ,roun& whi!h or he ,roun&s file& !an his the !ertifi!ate pro%in!ial a i!a:l"' of 3u:aL +fter efforts athas settle ent failH then the ,eneral !ir!ulation in the town of 8a!a:e:eH an& ,o%ernor of pro%in!e !an&i&a!"H :e re!alle&L he (1N) still !ontinue to run asha& &ispute in the a" of :e!an Pa:rou,ht pan,a' to 3hethe uni!ipalit" appropriate SU22ESTE! 5n <nite& States ANS4ER: %s' 13) SC1+ #87H #92H 9' Ei!e 8a"orL @ow /0plain' will the re!all !) 5s there :e initiate&L an" le,al (2N) 1e,ional ne%er :een 3rial &ire!tl" Court ser%e& in1ui=H the a !op" sai& of pro%in!e' that noti!e Sin!e of C' 8anuel 6hen the is Supre will not the eli,i:le e re!all Court to of run an hel&; as ele!ti%e a"or C3he lo!al of the restri!ti%e offi!ial of i pe&i ent to the Ei!e hearin, nor ha& the San,,unian, 9a"an :een the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&e is silent as to !it" what appli!ation 8a"or to repla!e ofConstitution State the re*ele!tionist ifor an" unit" is 8a"or proper :e 3u:a' !onsi&ere& 3he 1987 effe!ti%eL U2NT spe!ifi!all" in!lu&e& re?ueste& :" 8a!apinla! operate' 3he onl" :o&" has e0!lusi%e ;uris&i!tion o%er the settle ent SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: who when &ie&Lthe /0plainH pro!ee&in,s SU22ESTE! arise out ANS4ER: of !o er!ial OesH an e0!eption to the peopleBs to !hoose uni!ipalit" i &isputes e&iatel" file& afree&o otion for of :oun&ar" :etween a uni!ipalit" an& 5n the a!!or&an!e transa!tions %i!e with of su!!ee& the Se!tion forei,n to )9 offi!e so%erei,n' of to the of 7o!al a"or' 5ts those whoa"or will !an ,o%ern the inthe or&er a%oi& the re!onsi&eration with the 73F19 whi!h was &enie&' an in&epen&ent !o ponent !it" sa e $o%ern !o er!ial $o%ernor or e!ono !an :e i! re!alle& affairs' <n&er Se!tion ##a!ti%ities of the the 3rial 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH e%il of aent sin,le person ulatin, e0!essi%e 5t the went to Co&eH the Supre ea!!u Court on a petition for pro%in!eH the 1e,ional Courts ha%e ,eneral State& &ifferentl"H a State a" :e sai& to for he stan&s 7ASS AF ne0t in line the offi!e of a"or in ha%e !ertiorari power o%er to nullif" aCANF5-/NC/' parti!ular the to or&er territorial ,rantin, ;uris&i!tion a!ontro%ers"' !ertifi!ate as a ;uris&i!tion to a&;u&i!ate the sai& &es!en&e& to the le%el an in&i%i&ual an& !ase of per anent in it' sa @is filin, of a of result pu:li! ofa!on%enien!e a prolon,e& to sta" 8a!apinla! inof the on e two offi!e' 3o (8un' Ganan,a %' %a!an!" 8a&ronaH $'1' No' 1#1372H <n&er Se!tion 70 of for the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH !an thus :e &ee e& to8a"or ha%e ta!itl" ,i%en its Certifi!ate of Can&i&a!" for &i& not ,roun&s: allow 8anuel to %ie the position of !it" a"or +pril 30H 2003) (1) -enial of &ue pro!ess to the uni!ipalit"; an& the re!all a" :e initiate& :" awhen resolution a&opte& !onsent to :e sue& onl" it enters into auto ati!all" result to :ein, !onsi&ere& after ha%in, ser%e& forhis three !onse!uti%e ter s as &o-ndary !i%$-te Sett e+ent5 A-t'ority5 :" a a;orit" !ontra!ts' all 5t the &oes not e &efeat :ers appl" of where the resi,ne& (Se!' )7Hof A ni:us /le!tion Co&e)' a :usiness uni!ipal a"or woul& o:%iousl" the %er" (2) For of fra 8a!apinla! se!ure appro%al of .-ri%di"tion 619997 preparator" the failure !ontra!t re!all relates asse to to whi!h the e0er!ise !onsists ofthis all its intent of the ers :l"H when the" wroteof the San,,unian, 9a"an for hi to operate a ferr" No E * C' 6hat :o&" :o&ies are %este& :" law so%erei,n fun!tions' 5n allowe& this !ase the pro;e!ts a"orsH the %i!e* a"orsH an& the e0!eption' Shoul& heor:e another three ser%i!e in 8a!a:e:eH with thean authorit" to settle &isputes in%ol%in,: are inte,ral part of the na%al :ase whi!h is san,,unian, :ers of the uni!ipalities an& !onse!uti%e ter e s as a"or of the Cit" of 3u:aH @owe%erH OesH 1esol%e the %i!e the a!!or&in, two a"or points !an to !ontinue in Se!tion the to run petition 12 as of %i!e with the &e%ote& to the &efense of :oth the <nite& !o ponent !itiesH or :" a written petition si,ne& 8anuel woul& then :e possi:l" hol&in, offi!e as (1) two or the ore towns within the sa e pro%in!e; S"n!hroni=e& reasons' a"or' +t ti/le!tion e that he 7aw no his pre*pro!la !ertifi!ate of States an& the PhilippinesH in&isputa:l" a :" at least twent"*fi%e per !ent (22N) of theation total !hief e0e!uti%e o%er the safile& e territorial ;uris&i!tion (1N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !ases !an&i&a!"H shall the :e %i!e allowe& a"or on ran atters for the relatin, sa e offi!e to the fun!tion of the ,o%ern ent of the hi,hest nu of re,istere& the pro%in!e' an& :er inha:itants for a %oters total ofin ei,hteen !onse!uti%e (2) two or ore hi,hl" ur:ani=e& !ities' (1N) 3he petition for !ertiorari shoul& :e ,rante&H preparationH he was hol&in,' trans 5nnot &eter issionH inin, re!eiptH whether !usto&" a to an& or&er; the" are utili=e& for nor &e&i!ate& to "ears' 3his is the %er" s!enario sou,ht :e SU22ESTE! 1' +s a part" &ire!tl" ANS4ER: affe!te& :" the operation of appre!iation !an&i&ate is runnin, of the for ele!tion a position returns other than or the the !o er!ial or :usiness purposes'C a%oi&e& :" the ConstitutionH if not a:horre& :" it' +!!or&in, 1') the ferr" <n&er to of Se!tion Se!tion the 72 118(:) ofanent the 7o!al of 8a!a:e:eH $o%ern the an& 7o!al ent !ertifi!ates one he isser%i!eH hol&in, !an%ass in a8uni!ipalit" per with respe!t !apa!it" to the (7atasa %' CA8/7/CH $'1' No' 12#829H Co&eH $o%ern Pa pan,a the ent re!all was Co&eH entitle& of an :oun&ar" ele!ti%e to :e &ire!tl" &isputes lo!al notifie& offi!ial in%ol%in, shall :" positions shoul& :e of !onsi&ere& Presi&entH Ei!e*Presi&entH it is the offi!e Senator he -e!e :er 10H 2003) resi,ne&H 3he the pro%ision '''' for %enue inof the !ontra!t &oes taDe two effe!t or :er ore upon the uni!ipalities ele!tion an& within pro!la the ation sa e of an&73F19 was 8e hol&in, at of the the ti@ouse e he file& 1epresentati%es' his !ertifi!ate ofnot No !onstitute a wai%er of the State 5 unit" fro a pro%in!e su!!essor shall in :e the settle& person :" the of the san,,unian, !an&i&ate pre*pro!la !an&i&a!" shoul& ation !ase :e !onsi&ere&' are allowe& 3here in the is no !ase le,al of 2' 5t has :een hel& that where a operation suitH :e!ause the wai%er of this i a"or unit" re!ei%in, panlalawi,an the hi,hest nu :er offerr" %otes !ast &urin, :aran,a" i pe&i ent ele!tions' to!on!erne&' the e0press %i!e a"or runnin, as to (!) in,a statute' that 8anuel not an lies entirel" within the uni!ipalit"H the is prior !an onl"the :e +ssu a&e :" the ele!tion on re!all' repla!e %i!e a"or who &ie& un&er Se!tion 77 Pro"e%%5 eli,i:le I !an&i&ateH iterate (oter% re:ut 619877 1e"esB !lai he 2') appro%al <n&er the Se!tion 8uni!ipal 118(&) ,o%ern ent is the that 7o!al of the A of ni:us /le!tion Co&eH if aof !an&i&ate &ies T'ree<Ter+ shoul& 1epu:li! :e Li+it us' pro!lai RPurisi ele,al 689917 e& a 78 as SC1+ winner #70H ha%in, #7#H No' 5n $o%ern ne!essar"' M55: ent C+CH An!e Co&eH while appro%e&H of :oun&ar" the a,e &isputes operator an& of in%ol%in, ust soun& after the last &a" for filin, !ertifi!ates of !an&i&a!"H No the re!ei%e& M5M * Supre 5n the the ne0t e 8a" hi,her Court 1992 nu rule&: :er of C+pparentl" %otes' 8anuel then in&H appl" is:e illiterate' with the @e 73F19 has asDe& for a ele!tionsH !ertifi!ate "our a&%i!e of on two or ore hi,hl" ur:ani=e& !ities shall :e he a" repla!e& :" a person :elon,in, to his >u&,e was isle& :" that the ter s of 8analo pu:li! !on%enien!e an& Se,un&o an& shall Parate :e su:;e!t were ele!te& tohe as howrespon&ent settle& he :" !an the %ote san,,unian, in the !o in, panlun,so& ele!tion for of his the politi!al part"' @owe%erH it is re?uire& the first !ontra!t :etween the pri%ate respon&entH 8a"or 73F19 an& super%isionH Ei!e 8a"orH (8uni!ipalit" respe!ti%el"' ofof /!ha,ue <pon the :rotherH who is runnin, for a"or' 3his will%' :e parties' shoul& with&raw his Certifi!ate Can&i&a!" ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: plaintiff in his sala an& &efen&ant 1i!e an& +:elleraH supra)' &eath of ti 8analo as in!u :ent uni!ipal a"orH the first e C+C will an& he has ne%er for Ei!e*8a"or an& file a%ote new Certifi!ate of Creation 1e"es !annot o# Ne1 :e pro!lai Lo"a e& 2o*ern+ent winner for re!ei%in, Unit%5 Corn +& inistration whi!hH a!!or&in, to will hi H Ei!e 8a"or Se,un&o Parate su!!ee&e& as a"or re,istere& as a %oter :efore' 6hat a&%i!e Can&i&a!" for 8a"or' P the ebi%"ite se!on& hi,hest nu :er 6899;7 %otes' 3he anti!ipate& the !ase ofof a :rea!h an& ser%e& for the re ainin, portion of of the ter of "ou ,i%e hi ReF-ire+ent on the pro!e&ure he nee&s to!ontra!t follow NA' Supre E55 e * the Court 8+-+GA has !onsistentl" is aele!tionH uni!ipalit" rule& that !o that the pose& fa!t :etween parties an& the suits a" offi!e' 5n 8a" 1992 Se,un&o Parate in or&er to :e the a:le to %oteL SU22ESTE! (a"an"y5 S&5 ANS4ER: Re on S-""e%%ion 689987 of that 80 a :aran,a"sH pluralit" or a30 a;orit" west of of 8a&aDo the %otes 1i%er are !ast an& thereafter arise' 3he !onsentH to :e effe!ti%e ran for an& won as a"or an& then ser%e& for the 3he No ME' Constitution + %a!an!" pro%i&es o!!urre& that in until san,,unian, Con,ress for an ineli,i:le !an&i&ate at a the popular ele!tionH or 20 thou,hH east !o 3he e30 fro western the State :aran,a"sH a!tin, full ter ' thereof' 5n theust 8a" 1998 ele!tionsH Parate ran for shall otherwiseH illiterate an& :a"an thatthrou,h aha%e !an&i&ate of a pro%i&e& is later when &e!lare& MH ato :e e &is?ualifie& :erH &ie&' feelin, left out auni!ipalit" &ul" of ena!te& e!ono i! statute initiati%esH as pointe& wish to out reele!tion as 8a"or an& won a,ain' 5n the 8a" &isa:le& %oters shall :einto allowe& to %ote M to &i& hol& offi!eH :elon, to an" not entitle politi!al part"' !an&i&ate who :"not >usti!e 9en,=on in 8o:il'C !onstitute the &oes sel%es a the new an& separate 2001 ele!tionH Se,un&o Parate file& hisun&er !ertifi!ate e0istin, laws an& re,ulations (+rtH:er EH of Se!' 2)' 5t is ,arnere& the se!on& hi,hest nu of %otes to town to :e !alle& 8asi,la' of !an&i&a!" for the sa e position a"orH :ut 3o fill ri%al up the %a!an!"H the!an&i&ate pro%in!ial ,o%ernor ne!essar" for an" ?ualifie& %oter re,ister in inhis :e &e!lare& ele!te&' 3he sa e to erel" results his a"oralt" sou,ht ALTERNATI(E +' $rantin, that ANS4ER: 8asi,laFs proponents to or&er appointe& to the %ote' +winnin, upon (A ni:us the re!o /le!tion en&ation Co&eH of Se!' 112) aDin, !an&i&ateBs ele!tion a the nullit"' &is?ualifi!ation alle,in, %iolation of thesu!!ee& three*ter 5n a!!or&an!e with the &o!trine of e0haustion san,,unian, se!ure !ase alo!al law ofpanlalawi,an' in illiterate their fa%orH an& &isa:le& An woul& the a other %otersH ple:is!ite han&H their :e present !aseH 10H000 %otes were !ast for li the it for ele!ti%e offi!ials pro%i&e& for in of the a& inistrati%e re e&iesH 1aintree Corporation %oterBs ne!essar" affi&a%it or notL a" 5f:e itthe prepare& is as ne!essar"H :" an" who relati%e shoul& for pri%ate the sa respon&ent ean& %a!an!"H 1e"es uni!ipal a,ainst the a"or 20H000 Constitution in the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&e' within shoul& the first fourth file a !i%il !lai &e,ree with the !onsan,uinit" Co se!on& ission or on appointe& %ote %otes or !ast parti!ipate 9 for upon petitioner the in re!o 8anuel' the of ple:is!iteL en&ation 3he of the -is!uss affinit" +u&it' or 5f :" thean" !lai e is :er &enie&H of the :oar& itofshoul& of ele!tion file in a :riefl"' pla!er is (2N) o:%iousl" not the !hoi!e the people san,,unian, :a"an' 6hi!h of these SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: inspe!tors who shall petition this for !ertiorari with the Supre e Court' appoint ents is %ali&L (2N)

prepare SU22ESTE! parti!ular the ele!tion' affi&a%it ANS4ER: 3he in a!!or&an!e per anent %a!an!" with !ase the &ata in the + -e!i&e ple:is!ite whether is the ne!essar"H &is?ualifi!ation :e!ause this will is supplie& +s !onteste& hel&or :" in offi!e the Farinas appli!ant' shoul& %' :e9ar:aH (5&'H fille& :"22) su!!ession' 127) SC1+ 39) prosper re?uire& for not' the (2N) !reation of ase!' new uni!ipalit"' SU22ESTE! (7a:o %'neither CA8/7/CH ANS4ER: $'1' No' 1987 102111H >ul" <n&er (199))H of the appoint ents Constitution') is %ali&' (Se!tion 10H +rti!le M of 2o*ern+ent the ARTICLE / Lo"a Pro"e%%5 3H1992) &is?ualifi!ation Prin"i$ e o# !ase Ide+ shoul& Sonan% :e 6199;7 &is isse&' Se!tion #2 of the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH in !ase 3he %oters of :oth 8a&aDo an& 8asi,la shoul& A$$oint+ent o# &-dget O##i"er5 "ontro *% No' 3; 1) 6hat is "our un&erstan&in, of the +s hel& in 9or;a %s' CA8/7/CH 292 SC1+127 of a per anent %a!an!" in the San,,unian, parti!ipate in the ple:is!iteH :e!ause :oth are %-$er*i%ion 619997 ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: prin!iple of i&e sonans as applie& in the (199))H in !o putin, the three*ter li itation 9a"an !reate& :" !essation in offi!e of a &ire!tl" affe!te& :" the !reation of 8asi,la' 3he No E * -' An 8a" 17H 1988H the position of 1e"es !oul& not :e pro!lai e& as winner /le!tion 7awL i pose& upon ele!ti%e lo!al offi!ialsH onl" the e :er who &oes not :elon, to an" politi!al part"H territor" of 8a&aDo will :e re&u!e&' (3an %' Pro%in!ial 9u&,et Affi!er of Pro%in!e M :e!a e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: :e!ause he &i& not the ele!tion' 3o allow the ter for whi!h he win was ele!te& to the shoul& :e the $o%ernor shall appoint a ?ualifie& person CA8/7/CH 1#2 SC1+ 727 P198))' %a!ant' Pe&ro CastahonH ,o%ernor of pro%in!eH 1) <n&er 1ule No' 7 of the rules for the &efeate& !an&i&ate to taDe o%er the 8a"oralt" !onsi&ere&' 3he ter whi!h he ser%e& as a re!o en&e& :" the San,,unian, 9a"an' Sin!e pursuant to Se!' 1 of /'A' No' 112H su: itte& the appre!iation of :allots in Se!tion 211 of the &espite his re;e!tion :" the ele!torate is to result of su!!ession shoul& not :e in!lu&e&' 5t is + was not re!o en&e& :" the San,,unian, !e Fa"to P-b i" Cor$oration%5 E##e"t 6899;7 na es of three no inees for the aforesai& A ni:us /le!tion Co&eH the i&e sonans rule &isenfran!hise the ele!torate without an" fault on not enou,h that the offi!ial has ser%e& three 9a"anH his appoint ent :" the $o%ernor is not NA' E55 * 8+-+GA is a uni!ipalit" !o pose& of position to the -epart ent of 9u&,et eans that a na e or surna ewho in!orre!tl" written their part an& to un&er i:" portan!e an& !onse!uti%e ter s' @e ust ha%e :een ele!te& %ali&' Sin!e 9 was not appointe& the $o%ernor 80 :aran,a"sH 30 west ofine 8a&aDo 1i%er an& 20 8ana,e ent (-98)H one of the was that of whi!hH when rea&H has a soun& si ilar to the eanin, of &e o!ra!" an& the peopleBs ri,ht to to the sa e position three !onse!uti%e ti es' :ut :" the 8uni!ipal 8a"orH his appoint ent is east thereof' 3he 30 + western :aran,a"sH feelin, 8arta 8ahonhon' onth laterH Castahon na e or surna e of a !an&i&ate when !orre!tl" ele!t offi!ials of their !hoi!e' (9enito %' also not %ali&' left out of the e!ono i!that initiati%esH wish ha& to !onstitute infor e& -98 8ahonhon assu e& T'ree<Ter+ Li+it5 #ro+ ity to199#) Ne1 y< written shall :e !ounte& in0-ni"i$a his fa%or' CA8/7/CH $'1' 10)023H +u,ust 17H the sel%es into aNo' new an& separate town to :e the offi!e of P9A an& re?ueste& that she :e ALTERNATI(E ANS4ERS: Created City 6>9<899A7 !alle& 8asi,la' + law is passe& !reatin, 8asi,la e0ten&e& the appropriate appoint ent' 3he -98 a) 2' 8anuel 5&e was sonans ele!te& literall" 8a"or of eans the 8uni!ipalit" the sa e or of an& a ple:is!ite isCo++i%%ion a&e in fa%or of the law' ARTICLE I/ on Se!retar" appointe& >osefa Gala"on instea&' si 3u:a ilar in soun&' the ele!tions 3his prin!iple of 1992H is 1992 a&e an& anifest 1998' @e in Castahon proteste& the appoint of Gala"on A-dit COA5 .-ri%di"tion 689917 entA"ting (a"an"y5 E##e"t o# (i"e<0ayor A% one full" ser%e& of the his rules first for two the terha& appre!iation sH the an& ri,ht &urin, of :allots thir& insistin, that it is he who to his !hoose 0ayor 689987 e ter :o&ie& H the in uni!ipalit" the A ni:us was /le!tion !on%erte& Co&e into (Se!' the 9' Suppose one afteres 8asi,la was the P9A :" that su: ittin, "ear the na ofwas his then three No E555 *Suppose 3he Philippine National 9anD No M5E' +H a 8uni!ipal 8a"orH went on 211H !o ponent 9P 881) Cit" statin, of that 3u:a' C+ 3he na e sai& or surna !harter e !onstitute& as a uni!ipalit"H the one law !reatin, it is no inees Gala"on was not of the 'an& 3he one of lea%e the an& lea&in, ,o%ern ent*owne& :anDs a si!D to un&er,o e&i!al treat ent for a in!orre!tl" pro%i&e& written for a whi!h hol&o%er when rea&H an& has so a without soun& %oi&e& :e!ause of that &efe!ts' 6oul& that in%ali&ate -98 !ountere& none of the ,o%ernorBs it was un&er the au&it ;uris&i!tion of perio& of four (#) onths' -urin, that ti euni!ipal si interre,nu ilar to the 8anuel na e or went surna on e to of ser%e a !an&i&ate as the the the a!ts of the uni!ipalit" an&Ior its no inees ha%e the ne!essar" ?ualifi!ations for Co ission on +u&it (CA+)' + few "ears a,oH it +' 6ill 9H the 8uni!ipal Ei!e*8a"orH :e when 8a"or !orre!tl" of the Cit" written of 3u:a' shall :e !ounte& in his offi!ersL /0plain :riefl"' (2N) the position' Spe!ifi!all"H 8ahonhon la!De& the was pri%ati=e&' perfor 3husH in, e0e!uti%e 6h"L (2N) fa%or' if ANS4ER: the nafun!tionsL e as spelle& in@en!eH the :allotH SU22ESTE! fi%e*"ear e0perien!e in :u&,etin,' the 5n 9' the 2001 6ill ele!tionsH 9 at the 8anuel sa e file& ti his e :e !ertifi!ate also thou,h &ifferent frono the !orre!t spellin, +lthou,h the uni!ipalit" !annot:ut :e to !onsi&ere& -98 was left with alternati%e nathereofH e one 6hat is the effe!tH if an"H of the pri%ati=ation of of perfor !an&i&a!" in, le,islati%e for Cit" fun!tions 8a"or' @e asthere presi&in, &is!lose&H !on%e"s to the ears when pronoun!e& a!!or&in, as a &e fa!to !orporationH :e!ause is no who possesses all the re?uisite ?ualifi!ations in PN9 on the au&it >uris&i!tion of the CA+L (2N) thou,hH offi!er of that the San,,unian, he ha& alrea&" 9a"anL ser%e& 6h"L for (3N) three to the !o onl" a!!epte& etho&sH a soun& %ali& law un&er whi!h it was !reate&H the a!ts of the person of Gala"on' 5t !ite& Se!tion )'0 of the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: !onse!uti%e ter s as ele!te& 8a"or when 3u:a pra!ti!all" 5&enti!al with the soun& the not !orre!t the uni!ipalit" an& of its No' offi!ers will :e -98 7o!al 9u&,et Cir!ular 31 of whi!h statesH 5n a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in Philippine +irlines +' Sin!e the 8uni!ipal 8a"or is te poraril" was still a uni!ipalit"' @e also state& in his na e as !o onl" pronoun!e&H the na e thus in%ali&ate&H :e!ause the e0isten!e of the law C3he -98 ission reser%es the ri,ht to fill up an" e0istin, %s' Co on +u&itH 2#2 SC1+ 39H(1992)H in!apa!itate& to perfor his &utiesH in a!!or&an!e !ertifi!ate !an&i&a!" that he is :efore runnin, for the ,i%en is where aofis suffi!ient &esi,nation of the person !reatin, it an operati%e fa!t it was %a!an!" none of the no inees the lo!al sin!e the Philippine National isof no lon,er with Se!tion #)(a) of the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH position of 8a"or for the first ti9anD e now that 3u:a referre& to' 3he ?uestion whether one na e is &e!lare& un!onstitutional' @en!eH the pre%ious !hief e0e!uti%e eet the pres!ri:e& owne& :" thewith $o%ern entHisthe Co ission his on the 8uni!ipal Ei!e*8a"or shall e0er!ise is a !it"' i&e sonans another not a ?uestion of a!ts of the uni!ipalit" an& its offi!ers shoul& :e re?uire ents'C +u&it no lon,er has his ;uris&i!tion to fun!tions' au&it it as3he an powers an& perfor spellin, :ut (8an&a! %' ,i%en effe!t asof a pronun!iation' atter &uties of fairness an& ;usti!e' (a) 6as the -98Bs appoint entan& %ali&L (2N) institution' <n&er Se!tion 2(2)H +rti!le 5M*of the 1e"esH an a&%ersar"H ran a,ainst 8anuel an& 8uni!ipal Ei!e*8a"or will :e perfor in, Sa 6hat onteH #9 Phil' 28#)' 5ts appli!ation is aiSC1+ e& at (8uni!ipalit" of8ala:an, %' 9enitoH 27e0e!uti%e (:) !an "ou sa" re,ar&in, the a:o%e* ConstitutionH it he is ,o%ern ent*owne& or !ontrolle& petitione& that :e &is?ualifie& :e!ause he is ha& fun!tionsH :e!ause the of the 8uni!ipal reali=in, the o:;e!ti%e offun!tions e%er" ele!tion whi!h to 233 P19)9Q ?uote& Se!tion )'0 of -98Bs 7o!al 9u&,et !orporations an& their su:si&iaries whi!h are alrea&" ser%e& for three !onse!uti%e ter s as 8a"or are e0e!uti%e' o:tain the e0pression of the %oters will' Cir!ular No' 31L /0plain "our (2N) su:;e!t to au&it :" was the Coanswers' ission on uponH +u&it' 8a"or' 3he petition not ti el" a!te& !e*o -tion o# Po1er 619997 SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: @owe%erH in a!!or&an!e with Se!tion 2(1)H +rti!le an& 8anuel was pro!lai with -efine &e%olution with respe!t to the lo!alwinner ,o%ern ent -' (a) Se!tion 1 the of e& /0e!uti%e Ar&er No' 5M*of <n&er the ConstitutionH Co ission on +u&it 9' 3he 8uni!ipal Ei!e*8a"or !annot !ontinue as 20H000 %otes o%er the 10H000 %otes re!ei%e& :" units' 112H the the Pro%in!ial 9u&,et Affi!er ust :e !an au&it Philippine National 9anD with respe!t :) 3he ter eans soun&in, the sa e or nearl" presi&in, offi!er of the San,,unian, 9a"an while 1e"es as the onl" other !an&i&ate' 5t was onl" SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: re!o en&e& :" the $o%ernor' Sin!e >osefa to its a!!ounts :e!ause the $o%ern ent still has aliDe' 3he rule is :ase& on the 5&ea that the he is 8anuel a!tin, 8uni!ipal 8a"or' 5n a!!or&an!e with after tooD his oath an& assu e& offi!e Se!tion 17(e) of the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&e Gala"on was not re!o en&e& :" the $o%ernorH e?uit" in it' isspellin, of a is nanot e %ali&' or la!D of sDill in writin, $a :oaCA8/7/C %' +,uirreH 310 SC1+ 8)7 (1999)H un&er that the rule& that he was &is?ualifie& &efines &e%olution as the a!t :" whi!h the her appoint ent +s hel& in San >uan shoul& not :e taDen as a ,roun& for re;e!tin, the the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH the Ei!e*8uni!ipal for ha%in, ran an& ser%e& for three !onse!uti%e National $o%ern ent !onfers power an& authorit" %' Ci%il Ser%i!e Co issionH 19) SC1+ )9H if the %otes inten&e& for a !an&i&ateH so 8a"or was &epri%e& of the to presi&e ter s' apparentl" (2N) upon the %arious lo!al ,o%ern ent units to person re!o en&e& :" power the $o%ernor iso%er not COA5 0oney C ai+% 619987 lon, as the intention of the %oter appears to :e the San,,unian, 9a"an an& is no lon,er a perfor spe!ifi! fun!tions an& responsi:ilities' ?ualifie&H what-epart the Se!retar" of 9u&,et an& No 5' *3he 3he ent of National -efense +s law"er of 8anuelH present !lear' Supre Court has rule& that the e (a) :er of it' 3he te eporar" %a!an!" in the offi!e 8ana,e ent shoul& &o is to asD hi to entere& into a !ontra!t with 1aintree Corporation possi:le ar,u ents to pre%ent his prin!iple of so i&e sonans is eli,i:le' li:erall" !onstrue&' of the 8uni!ipal 8a"or !reates a !orrespon&in, re!o en& eone who is for the suppl" of pon!hos to the of +r the e& 8uni!ipal For!es of &is?ualifi!ation an& re o%al' Corpu= %' 5:a"H 8# Phil' 18# (19#9)' te porar" %a!an!" in the Affi!e Fran"'i%e5 $rior a$$ro*a o# L2U ne"e%%ary the Philippines (+FP)H stipulatin, thatH in the e%ent Ei!e*8a"or when he Cir!ular a!ts as No' 8uni!ipal 8a"or' 619887 (:) -98 7o!al 9u&,et 31 is not %ali&H of :rea!hH a!tion a" :e file& in the proper !ourts SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3his !onstitutes ina:ilit" on /0e!uti%e his to presi&e No' 9: 8a!a:e:eH Pa pan,a has part se%eral :arrios sin!e it is in!onsistent with Ar&er No' in 8anila' Pro"e%%5 +s law"er Stray of 8anuelH &a ot 5 woul& 6199;7 ar,ue that he shoul& o%er the sessions of the San,,unian, 9a"an' alon, the Pa pan,a ri%er' 3o ser%i!e the nee&s 112H whi!h re?uires that the appointee for No' not :e 3; 2) &is?ualifie& 6hat is aAffi!er an& Cstra" re :allotCL o%e& :e!ause he:" was of their resi&ents the uni!ipalit" has :een Pro%in!ial 9u&,et :e re!o en&e& the Suppose the ANS4ER: +FP offails to pa" forof&eli%ere& SU22ESTE! a three*tera a"or the 3u:aH operatin, ferr" ser%i!e at uni!ipalit" the sa eent ri%erH for a $o%ernor' (<n&er the 7o!al $o%ern Co&eH pon!hosH where ust 1aintree Corporation fileit 2) (a"an"y5 <n&er 1ule Re No' o# 19 S-""e%%ion of the rules 6199A7 for the an&H with its !on%ersion to a !o ponent !it"H the nu :er of "ears alrea&"' is now the lo!al !hief e0e!uti%e who is its !lai La 6h"L P 10NQ appre!iation No' 7:has 3he Ei!e of appoint :allots 8a"or in ofSe!tion a:u&,et uni!ipalit" 211 of file& the his latter totall" separate an& &ifferent e powere& to the offi!er)' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: A ni:us !ertifi!ate /le!tion of Co&eH for stra" the sa e is offi!e one in !ast the !orporate personalit" fro that:allot of the uni!ipalit"' So eti e in !an&i&a!" 1987H the uni!ipalit" was ser%e& 1aintree Corporation ust file itsfile& !lai in !op" last fa%or ele!tions' ofan a person 3he fro 8uni!ipal who has not 8a"or was a with the 8oreo%erH as a a of or&er the 7an& 3ansportation Co ission on +u&itH <n&er Se!tion 2(1) 5M*-

the ofinto >ohnn" the hitsu:&i%isions' lo!al a ;eepne"' !hief e0e!uti%e 3wo +fter passen,ers a!?uirin, :" two*thir&s a of lot the of %ote ;eepne" aroun& of all 12 were its he!tares e Dille&' :ers' in Ca:anatuan Cit"H he !ause& the preparation of a su:&i%ision plan for (2) <n&er Se!tion of the 3he the propert"' San,,unian, 9efore 9a"an he 22PaQ was passe& a:le to an7o!al su: or&inan!e it the $o%ern ent Co&eH the 9ureau lo!al !hief e0e!uti%e appropriatin, su:&i%ision plan P300H000 to the as !o of pensation 7an&s an&Ior for a" %eto an or&inan!e on s' the ,roun& that it is 6LTRA 7an& 1e,istration Co ission for %erifi!ation the heirs of the %i!ti 1) 5s the uni!ipalit" ?IR:7 orthe PR:E6;ICIAL TO T@: P6BLIC an&Ior appro%alH he was of infor e& that ust lia:le for ne,li,en!e >ohnn"L 2) he 5s the W:L8AR:. first present the plan %ali&L to the Cit" /n,ineer who uni!ipal or&inan!e woul& &eter ine whether the =onin, or&inan!e of (3) Pursuant to Se!tion 2#(:) ofo:ser%e&' the 7o!al the Ca:anatuan Cit" ha& :een @e was SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: $o%ern ent Co&eH an or&inan!e %etoe& the surprise& when he was asDe& to pa" the :" !it" 2) lo!al 3he !hief or&inan!e e0e!uti%e appropriatin, shall :eP0'30 &eeP300H000'00 e& if ,o%ern ent a ser%i!e fee of perappro%e& s?uare for the he &oes heirs of !o the %i!ti uni!ate s his >ohnn" %eto tois the %oi&' lo!al 3his eter of not lan&H !o%ere& :"of his su:&i%ision plan' @e le,islati%e asse :l" within 12 &a"s in the !ase a ounts appropriatin, pu:li! fun&s for a was e%en to ore surprise& when infor e& that a of a pro%in!e an& 10 &a"s the !ase offor a !it" a pri%ate purpose' <n&er Se!tion 332 of the 7o!al fine of P200'00 an&Ior i in prison ent not or uni!ipalit"' 7iDewiseH if the %eto :" the lo!al $o%ern e0!ee&in, ent si0 Co&eH onthsno or :othH pu:li! ha%e one" :een shall fi0e& :e in e0e!uti%e has :een o%erri&&en :" thethereof' lo!al appropriate& the or&inan!e for as pri%ate penalt" purposes' for %iolation le,islati%ethat asse se!on& %eto will :e %oi&' 9elie%in, the:l"H !it"a or&inan!e is ille,alH he file& ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER5 <n&er Se!tion 22(!) 7o!al $o%ern ent suit to nullif" the sa of e' the -e!i&e the !ase with <pon fore,oin, the anuni!ipal Co&eH the the lo!al !hief !onsi&erationsH e0e!uti%e a" %eto reasons' or&inan!e onl" is null an& %oi& for :ein, ultra %ires' 3he on!e' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: uni!ipalit" not :ein, lia:le to pa" !o pensation 3he or&inan!e null an&sH %oi&' Eilla!orta to the heirs of is the %i!ti the 5n or&inan!e is%' utterl" Po i"e Po1er5 LL!A 6199A7 9ernar&oH 1#3 SC1+ (198)) e an &e%oi& of le,al :asis' #80 5t woul& in the fa!tSupre !onstitute No' 9: 3he 8uni!ipalit" of 9inan,onanH 1i=alH Court hel& that a uni!ipal !annot ille,al use or e0pen&iture ofor&inan!e pu:li! fun&s whi!h is a passe& a resolution authori=in, the operation of an a en& national law in ,uise of i ple entin, !ri inala offense' 6hat istheoreH the or&inan!e &oes open ,ar:a,e psite in a 9*a!tuall" he!tare lan& in the it' 5n this !aseH the ent not eet one&u of re?uire the re?uisites for !onfli!ts %ali&it" of 1e"es /state within the 8uni!ipalit"Bs territorial with se!' ## of +!t No' #9) latter uni!ipal or&inan!esH ie'H:e!ause that it the ust :e in li its'not So e with !on!erne& resi&ents &oes re?uire su:&i%ision plans toof :e9inan,onan su: itte& !onsonan!e !ertain well*esta:lishe& an& file& a !o plaint with the 7a,una 7aDe to the Cit" /n,ineer :efore the" !an :e su: :asi! prin!iples of a su:stanti%e natureH to itte& wit: it -e%elop ent +uthorit" (77-+) to stop for appro%al toH an& %erifi!ation :"H the 7an& &oes not !ontra%ene the Constitution or the lawHthe it operation of Co the psitean&Ior &ue 5t tothe its 9ureau har ful of effe!ts 1e,istration ission is not unfair or&u oppressi%e' is not partial or on the health of 5t the 3he 77-+ !on&u!te& 7an&s' &is!ri inator"' is resi&ents' !onsistent with pu:li! poli!"H an on*site in%esti,ationH onitorin,H testin, an& an& it is not unreasona:le' Ordinan"e%5 (aan& idity5 2a+b ing Pro'ibition water sa plin, foun& that the &u psite woul& 6199A7 !onta inate 7a,una &e 9a" an& the surroun&in, Ordinan"e5 (a idity5 Lo"a to Ta,ation S$e"ia No' #: 2'of P+$CA1 &e!i&e& operate a !asino in areas the 8uni!ipalit"' 3he *%= 77-+ also A%%e%%+ent 3a!lo:an Cit" 619877 un&er P'-' No' 18)9' was 5t &is!o%ere& that no authorit" en%iron of ental !learan!e 1987 No' E: State whether or not followin, lease& a :" portion of a :uil&in, :elon,in, to /llen se!ure& the 8uni!ipalit" fro thethe -epart ent of !it" or&inan!es are %ali& an& ,i%e 8!$uire reno%ate& an& e?uippe& it in reasons preparation /n%iron ent an& Natural 1esour!es (-/N1) in an& support of as "our answers: for inau,uration' 3he San,,unian, Panlun,so& the its 77-+ re?uire& :" law' 3he 77-+ therefore of 3a!lo:an Cit" ena!te& an or&inan!e prohi:itin, issue& to the 9inan,onan uni!ipal ,o%ern ent a (:) +n an& or&inan!e on :usiness esta:lish ents to the operation of !asinos in stop the Cit" an& pro%i&in, !ease &esist or&er to the operation of the raise fun&s for the !onstru!tion an& an& aintenan!e penalt" for 3he its %iolation' /llen of 8!$uire &u psite' 8uni!ipalit" 9inan,onan file& a La1 #i,ing t'e ter+% o# o"aof e e"ti*e o##i"ia % of roa&s in pri%ate su:&i%isionsH whi!h roa&s are P+$CA1 assaile& the %ali&it" the or&inan!e in !ase to annul the or&er issue& :" the 77-+' 6>;<899?7 open for use :" se, ents of the theissueL pu:li! -is!uss who a" !ourt' @ow woul& "ou resol%e State :usiness whether insi&e or not the law is !onstitutional' ha%e the su:&i%ision' full"' SU22ESTE! (1) Can :riefl"' the 8uni!ipalit" ANS4ER: of 9inan,onan in%oDe /0plain 3' SU22ESTE! 3he poli!e or&inan!e power + law toANS4ER: fi0in, shoul& pre%ent the :e its &e!lare& ter resi&ents s of in%ali&' lo!al an& the ele!ti%e +s hel& (:) 3he or&inan!e is:aran,a" %ali&' !har,e on the in 77-+ 8a,ta;as fro interferin, %s'than Pr"!e Properties with 3he theoffi!ialsH operation Corporation' the 5n!'H offi!ialsH other toof ) "ears' :usiness esta:lish ents is not/0plain' a ta0 :ut a 23# &u psite SC1+ :" 222' the su!h 8uni!ipalit"L an or&inan!e !ontra%enes (2N) SU22ESTE! SP/C5+7 +SS/SS8/N3' ANS4ER: @en!eH the hol&in, in Presi&ential -e!ree No' 18)9H whi!h authori=es 3he Pas!ual (2) Can law the is %' in%ali&' Se!retar" 77-+ ;ustif" <n&er ofent Pu:li! its +rti!le or&er 6orDsH MH :" Se!tion assertin, 110 Phil' 8 of the Philippine + use an& $a in, the 331 that1987 (19)0)H the health ConstitutionH that ofpu:li! the resi&ents Cthe fun&s ter !annot will of :e offi!e :e a&%ersel" of Corporation to operate !asinos within the territorial ele!ti%e appropriate& affe!te&'lo!al /0plain' for offi!ialsH the !onstru!tion e0!ept :aran,a" of roa&s offi!ialsH in a >uris&i!tion of the PhilippinesH :e!ause it pre%ents SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: whi!h pri%ate shall su:&i%isionH :e &eter &oes ine& not :"appl"' lawH shall +s hel& :e three in the sai& !orporation fro e0er!isin, the power 1' NoH an& thePrefe!t 8uni!ipalit" of3reasurer 9inan,onan !annot "ears +postoli! no it su!h offi!ial Cit" shall ser%e of 3a!lo:an 9a,uioH for ore71 !onferre& on to %' operate a !asino in in%oDe its(19#1)H poli!e power' +!!or&in, to 7a,una than Phil' three 2#7 !onse!uti%e spe!ial ter assess s'C 3he ents law !learl" a" Cit"' 3he

power ,oes :e 7aDe !har,e& a,ainst -e%elop of 3a!lo:an tothe propert" ent aforesai& Cit" +uthorit" owners to suppress !onstitutional %s' :enefite& Court ,a of:lin, :" +ppealsH pu:li! re?uire worDsH an& 231 prohi:ite& SC1+ :e!ause ent 292H of ,a three the un&er es essential "ear of 1epu:li! !han!e ter &ifferen!e s +!t for e0!lu&es lo!al NoH :etween #820H offi!ials of the e0!ept a !han!e 7a,una ta0 an& for per 7aDe su!h :aran,a" itte& -e%elop assess :" offi!ials' law' ent ent 5 +uthorit" is plie& pre!isel" repeals is that an&ate& are the not latter fa%ore&' to prois ote :ase& (9as!o the wholl" &e%elop %' P+$CA1) on :enefits ent of the re!ei%e&' 7a,una 7aDe Ordinan"e5 areaH in!lu&in, U%e the B surroun&in, Lea%e o# Pro$ertie%5 Pro%in!e of P-b 1i=alH i" Ordinan"e%5 (a idity5 Li+itation Pena tie% U%e with &ue 619977 re,ar& to the pre%ention of o# pollution' 3he No' @owe%erH 9: -ue if to the o%er*!row&in, or&inan!e in le%ies the pu:li! a arDet on all 619917 7a,una 7aDe -e%elop ent +uthorit" is ta0 an&ate& No' 10: upon 3he uni!ipalit" of +l!o"H Ce:uH passe& in :usiness to Pa!oH pass 8anilaH esta:lish an& the appro%e Cit" ents Coun!il or lo!ate& &isappro%e passe& outsi&e an all the or&inan!e pri%ate Ar&inan!e pro;e!tssu:&i%isionH propose& allowin, No' 10H :" the then lo!al series lease it is ,o%ern to o:;e!tiona:le of%en&ors 1991H ent offi!es of re?uirin, parts on the ownersH within the a& re,ion' inistratorsH or tenants of :uil&in,s of ,roun& the streets that it where appropriate the pu:li! pri%ate arDetfun&s is lo!ate&H for a pro%i&e& pu:li! an& pre purpose' that ises the to (Pas!ual lessees Deep pa" an& %' Se!retar" to the aintain !it" of the Pu:li! in sanitar" !on&itionH an& shoul& the" fail to of &othe soH ,o%ern supra) 6orDsH ent a fee of P20 per s?uare eter 2' OesH the 7a,una 7aDe -e%elop ent area !ause o!!upie& the to:" :e the !leare& lessees' an& 3he Dept resi&ents in +uthorit" sanitar" in Ordinan"e5 (a idity5 Pre*enting I++ora ity !an area ;ustif" itsplaine& or&er' Sin!e it has to :een authori=e& !on&ition an& the !ost thereof :e assesse& the !o to the 8a"or that the lease 619877 :" the /0e!uti%e Ar&er No' 927 to aDe or&ers of a,ainst pu:li! the ownerH streets a& woul& inistrator !ause or serious tenantH traffi! as the (!) +n or&inan!e prohi:itin, :ar:ershop operators re?uirin, &is!ontinuan!e of pollutionH its a power !ase a" :eH whi!h shall !onstitute lien pro:le s the to the ' 3he!ost 8a"or !an!elle& the lease fro ren&erin, assa,e ser%i!e to their to issue the or&er !an fro this' an& a,ainst or&ere& the propert"' the re o%al 5t further of:e theinferre& penali=es stalls !onstru!te& %iolation !usto ers ina a 6as separate roo AtherwiseH it willnot :e a toothless a,en!"' thereof with fine e0!ee&in, Ane 3housan& on the streets' the a!t of ' the 8a"or le,alL SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 8oreo%erH the 7a,una 7aDeent-e%elop Pesos (P1H000'00) or i prison for one ent (1) SU22ESTE! (!) 3he ANS4ER: is %ali&' of 5n Eelas!o %H Eille,asH +uthorit" is spe!ifi!all" authori=e& un&er its "ear ator&inan!e the &is!retion the !ourt' 5s the 3he !an!ellation of (1983) the an& lease an& the re o%al was of 120 SC1+ )28 su!h or&inan!e Charter to %ali&L issue !ease &esist or&ers' or&inan!e SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: the stalls uphel& on arethe %ali&' ,roun& +s hel& that in 8a!asiano it is a %s' eans of Po1er to I%%-e S-b$oena B Cite For 3he or&inan!e is of %ali& insofar as itConte+$t re?uires -ioDnoH 212 SC1+ #)#H the lease of pu:li! ena:lin, the Cit" 8anila to !olle!t a fee for ownersH 6199:7 is a& inistratorsH or tenants offor :uil&in,s streets operatin, %oi&H assa,e sin!e the" !lini!s are reser%e& an& of pre%entin, pu:li! No ): 8a"or +lfre&o 7i :e !lose& the in an& pre ises to Deep an& aintain the in use an& are outsi&e the !o offunhouses an' i oralit" whi!h i,ht !o er!e itte& :" allowin, ita &istri!tof suspe!te& of :ein, fronts for sanitar" !on&ition an& pro%i&es that shoul& the" the /r !onstru!tion separate roo s in :ar:er prostitution' ine theshall feasi:ilit" puttin, fail to &o soH3o the&eter uni!ipalit" !auseof the to shops' Ordinan"e5 (a idity5 C !ost o%-re or Lea%e o# !oun!il up a le,ali=e& re& li,ht &istri!tH the :e !leane& an& the shall :e !it" assesse& Pro$ertie% Ordinan"e5 #or (a P-b idity5 i" U%e Uti i)ation 6899:7operators B !e*e o$+ent5 !on&u!te& in?uir" an& in%ite& of the a,ainst thean ownerH a& inistratorH or tenant an& No M5 * +n a,,rie%e& resi&ent of the Cit" of Nationa 4ea t' 619917 !lose&:e funhouses to ,et the their %iews' 3his No one shall a lien a,ainst propert"' is No' 2; file& 3he pro%in!e of Palawan passes an 8anila an&a us a,ainst the honore& the 5n%itation' 3he !it" !oun!il e0pressl" authori=e& :" pro!ee&in,s Se!' 1#9(DD) of the issue& 7o!al or&inan!e re?uirin, allthe ownersIoperators of !it" a"or an& the en,ineer to !o pel these su:poenas to !o !it" pel atten&an!e of the $o%ern ent Co&e' fishin, %essels thatthe fish in waters surroun&in, the offi!ials to :ut re whi!h o%e arDet stalls fro !ertain operators were !o pletel" &isre,ar&e&' @owe%erH penalt" for the %iolation of net the pro%in!e tothe in%est ten ha& per!ent (10N) of their !it" whi!h the" &esi,nate& as ,uilt" flea 3he streets !oun!il &e!lare& the operators of or&inan!e is operations in%ali&H :e!ause it is e0!essi%e' profits fro therein in an" arrest' enterprise arDets' of the sai& !it" streets were 3he !onte ptPortions an& issue& warrants for their penalt" this !ase:" is the a fine not e0!ee&in, P1H000 lo!ate& in li!ense& Palawan' lease& or respon&ent offi!ials to orarDet i prison ent for:" one "earH the or&inan!e' &is!retion of stallhol&ers %irtue of in a !it" N+1CA 3he !ourt' operators Fishin, !o Corp'H e to a Filipino "ou for !orporation le,al a&%i!eH with the <n&er Se!' 1#9 (!) of the 7o!al -e!i&e the &ispute' FIRST ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: hea& asDin, offi!e the followin, inCo&eH Na%otasH ?uestions: 8etro 8anilaH !hallen,es $o%ern ent howe%erH the penalt" for the 3he petition shoul& ,rante&' 5n a!!or&an!e the or&inan!e as :e un!onstitutional' -e!i&e the %iolation of a uni!ipal or&inan!e !an not e0!ee& (1) fine 5s the e powere& to issue with 8a!asiano %' -ioDno' SC1+ #)# !ase' a of !oun!il P1H000'00 or 212 5 prison ent P1992QH for si0 SU22ESTE! su:poenas (2) -oes the to !oun!il !o ANS4ER: ha%e their the atten&an!eL power to !ite for sin!e pu:li! streets are properties pu:li! use onthsH or :oth at pel the &is!retion offor the !ourt' 3he !onte or&inan!e ptL is !o in%ali&' 3he an& are outsi&e the er!e of or&inan!e anH the Cit"was apparentl" pursuant !annot to +rti!le MH Se!' 8a"or an& ena!te& the Cit" /n,ineer lease or 7 of Ordinan"e%5 (eto Po1er 6199?7 the ConstitutionH whi!h entitles lo!al li!ense portions of the !it" streets to ,o%ern arDet ents (1) @ow &oes the lo!al le,islati%e asse :l" of the to an e?uita:le share in the pro!ee&s stallhol&ers' SECON! o%erri&e the ALTERNATI(E %eto :" the lo!al ANS4ER: !hief of an utili=ation an& &e%elop ent of the e0e!uti%e national wealth 3he petition or&inan!eL shoul& :e areas' &enie&' <n&er Se!tion within their respe!ti%e @owe%erH this shoul& (2) An what ,roun&s !an a lo!al !hief 21(&)of thepursuant 7o!al $o%ern ent a e0e!uti%e !it" a" to :e a&e to law' +Co&eH law is nee&e& %eto anent or&inan!eL :"ple or&inan!e te pro%ision poraril" !lose a lo!al street,o%ern so that a i this an& a ent (3) !an an %etoe& :" lo!al !hief flea@ow arDet a"or&inan!e :e esta:lishe&' !annot !onstitute itself unto a law' 5nathe a:sen!e e0e!uti%e :e!o e a law it is :ein, of a law the or&inan!e in without ?uestion in%ali&' Ordinan"e5 (a idity5 Co+$en%ation5 A"t o%erri&&en :" the lo!al le,islati%e asse Tort-o-% :l"L o# an E+$ oyee 6199;7 No' ); >ohnn" was e plo"e& as a &ri%er :" La1% the Ordinan"e%5 SU22ESTE! (a ANS4ER: idity5 A+ending NatJ 8uni!ipalit" of Calu2# pitH 6hile &ri%in, (1) <n&er Se!tions (a)9ula!an' an& 22 (!) of the 7o!al 619887 re!Dlessl" a O' uni!ipal tru!D with &e%eloper' its loa&:l" of No' #: >ose Sa:ater is ap real estate $o%ern ent Co&eH the&u lo!al le,islati%e asse san& for the repair of an& uni!ipal streetsH @e a!?uires raw lan&s !on%erts !an o%erri&e the %eto

!ertifi!ate e0press statutor" of a%aila:ilit" :asis woul& of fun&s %iolate issue& the :" &o!trine the uni!ipal of separation treasurer; ofan& powers' (#) 3he !ontra!t ust !onfor with the for al (2) 3he !it" re?uisites of written !oun!il!ontra!ts &oes notpres!ri:e& ha%e the :" power law' to !ite for !onte pt' 3here is liDewise no pro%ision in the ConstitutionH the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH or ReF-i%ite%5 Contra"t% L2U :o&ies 6199A7 the an" other laws ,rantin, in*o lo!al *ing le,islati%e No' #: 1' are the !on&itions un&er whi!h a :e power to 6hat !ite for !onte pt' Su!h power !annot lo!al into a !ontra!t in &ee e0e!uti%e e& i plie& a" in enter the &ele,ation of le,islati%e :ehalf ,o%ern ent unitL S<$$/S3/power of to his lo!al le,islati%e :o&iesH for the e0isten!e +NS6/1: of su!h power poses a potential &ero,ation of 1' 3he followin, in&i%i&ual ri,hts' are the !on&itions un&er whi!h a lo!al e0e!uti%e a" enter into a !ontra!t in :ehalf of the ,o%ern ent until: Po1er5 (1) 3he lo!al E+inent ,o%ern !o+ain5 ent unit ust L2U5 ha%e Rig't the to power to enter into the parti!ular !ontra!t; E,er"i%e 6>19<899A7 (2) Pursuant to Se!tion 22(!) the 8uni!ipalit" 7o!al 3he San,,unian, 9a"an ofofthe of $o%ern 5lo!os ent Co&eH ust :e a prior No' 1 SantaH Surthere passe& 1esolution authori=ation :" the san,,unian, !on!erne&H an& authori=in, its 8a"or to initiate a petition for thea le,i:le !op" ofof the shall poste& at e0propriation a !ontra!t lot owne& :":e Christina asasite !onspi!uous pla!e in the pro%in!ial or the for its uni!ipal sports !enter' 3his!apitol was appro%e& !it"H the uni!ipal or :aran,a" hall' the San,,unian, :" 8a"or' @owe%erH Panlalawi,an of 5lo!os Sur &isappro%e& the (3) 5n a!!or&an!e with Se!tions #) other an& #7H 1esolution as there i,ht still :e a%aila:le Chapter 8H Su:title 9' 9ooD E of the 1987 lots in Santa for a sports !enter' +& inistrati%e Co&eH if the !ontra!t 5n%ol%es the e0pen&iture of pu:li! fun&sH there ust :e an NonethelessH appropriation the therefore 8uni!ipalit" an& a !ertifi!ate of SantaH throu,h of its 8a"orH a%aila:ilit" file& of afun&s !o plaint :" the for treasurer e inent of &othe ain' lo!al ,o%ern ent unit' this on the followin, ,roun&s: (a) Christina oppose& (#) 3he !ontra!t of ust !onfor with the for the 8uni!ipalit" Santa has no power to al re?uisites of (:) written !ontra!ts pres!ri:e& :"%oi&e& law' e0propriate; 1esolution No' 1 has :een sin!e the San,,unian, Panlalawi,an &isappro%e& (2) Pursuant to Se!tion 20)8 of the 1e%ise& of it for :ein, ar:itrar"; an& (!) the 8uni!ipalit" +& inistrati%e Co&eH if a pro%in!e is a part" to a Santa has other an& :etter lots for that purpose' !ontra!t !on%e"in, title to real propert"H the 1esol%e the !ase with reasons' (2N) !ontra!t ust :e appro%e& :" the Presi&ent' <n&er Se!tion 219) of the 1e%ise& +& inistrati%e Co&eH SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: if a uni!ipalit" is a part" to a !ontra!t !on%e"in, <n&er Se!tion of5nterest 1'+' No' the power of real propert" or19 an" in 71)0H it or !reatin, a lien e upon inent itH the &o !ontra!t ain is ust e0pli!itl" :e appro%e& ,rante& :" the to the pro%in!ial uni!ipalit"H ,o%ernor' :ut ust :e e0er!ise& throu,h an or&inan!e rather than throu,h a resolution' (8uni!ipalit" ofParana?ue %' E'8' 1ealt" Corp'H Ta,ation5 2OCC >ul" Liabi ity1998) For Rea E%tate Ta, $'1' No' 127820H 20H 619997 3he San,,unian, Panlalawi,an 5lo!os Sur was No E5 * C' 3he Pro%in!e ofofM re?uire& the without the authorit"ent to &isappro%e No' National -e%elop Co pan" 1esolution to pa" real 1 as the uni!ipalit" !learl" haso!!upie& the power toN-C estate ta0es on the lan& :ein, :" e0er!ise ri,ht of e inent &o ain an& it its is a an& thethe latter ar,ue& that sin!e San,,unian, 9a"an!orporationH the !apa!it"its toproperties pro ul,ate ,o%ern ent*owne& are sai& 3he onl" ,roun& whi!h a the e0e resolution' pt fro real estate ta0es' upon 5f "ou were pro%in!ial :oar& &e!lare an" uni!ipal >u&,eH how woul& a" "ou &e!i&e the !aseL 1eason resolutionH out' (2N) or&inan!e or or&er in%ali& is when su!h SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: resolutionH or&inan!e or or&er is :e"on& the 5n National -e%elop ent Co pan" or %' presi&ent Ce:u Cit"H powers !onferre& upon the !oun!il 212 SC1+ the Supre e Court hel& that aDin, the 382H sa e' Su!h is not the situation in the this National -e%elop ent Co pan" was !ase' (8o&a" %' Court

of not +ppealsH lia:le for$'1' real No' estate 10791)H ta0 onFe:ruar" the propert" 20H 1997) :elon,in, to the ,o%ern ent whi!h it o!!up"' @owe%erH Se!tion 23# of the 7o!al $o%ern ent 3he Co&e ?uestion su:se?uentl" of with&rew whether the there e0e is ption ,enuine fro real propert" of ,o%ern ent*owne& or lot or ne!essit" for ta0es the e0propriation of ChristinaBs !ontrolle& !orporations' 5 were the >u&,eH 5 lots whether the uni!ipalit"5fhas other an& :etter woul& the National -e%elop ent Co pan" for thehol& purpose is a atter that will ha%e to :e lia:le for real ta0es' upon presentation of resol%e& :" estate the Court e%i&en!e :" the parties to the !ase' Ta,ation5 So-r"e% o# Re*en-e 619997 Po1er% No E *<n&er o# &arangay the ConstitutionH A%%e+b what y 6899:7 are the three Can ain asour!es 9aran,a" of +sse re%enues :l" e0er!ise of lo!al ,o%ern an" poli!e ent powerL unitsL (2N) SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: NoH 3he the followin, 9aran,a" are the +sseain :l" sour!es !annotofe0er!ise re%enues an" of poli!e lo!al ,o%ern power' ent <n&er units un&er Se!tion the 398 Constitution: of the 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&eH it !an onl" re!o en& to the 1 3a0esH9aran,a" feesH an& the !har,es' (Se!tion 2H San,,unian, a&option of easures +rti!le for the M) welfare of the :aran,a" an& &e!i&e on the 2 Share the national ta0es' (Se!tion )H a&option of an in initiati%e' +rti!le M) 3 Share in the pro!ee&s of the utili=ations Po1er%5 Liga ent ng of +ga 6899:7 an& &e%elop the&arangay national wealth within Can the 7i,a n, 7H +rti!le ,a 9aran,a" e0er!ise their areas' (Se!tion MT le,islati%e powersL SU22ESTE! 4it'dra1a o# ANS4ER: P-b i" Pro$erty #ro+ P-b i" 3he U%e 619997 7i,a n, 8,a 9aran,a" !annot e0er!ise No' 8: MO.H a !orporation or,ani=e& un&er the %' le,islati%e powers' +s state& in 9ito*Anon laws of @on,Don,H with 100N forei,n e?uit"H Fernan&e=' 320 SC1+ 732 P2001QH it is not a lo!al o:taine& ent fro unitthe Se!urities an&purpose /0!han,e ,o%ern an& its pri ar" is to Co ission a li!ense to operate a prawn &eter ine representation of the ,a in the hat!her" pro;e!t on a pie!e of lan& lease& fro san,,unians; to %entilateH arti!ulateH an& !r"stalli=e the Cit" of affe!tin, -a,upan' 3he lan& was for erl" aent issues :aran,a" ,o%ern parDinistration; an& pla=a an& :elon,in, to the Cit" an& a& to se!ure solutions forwas the !on%erte& :" the &eri%e u!h nee&e& throu,h proper an& Cit" le,alto eans' fun&s' (1) 8a" the Cit" of -a,upan lawfull" !on%ert the ReF-i%ite%5 parD to prawn Contra"t% pon&s an& In*o lease *ing theL2U sa eL 619917 3he /0plain 8uni!ipalit" "our answer' of Si:on,aH Ce:uH wishes to (2) 8a" the a Cit" of -a,upan an& MO. !orporation enter into !ontra!t in%ol%in, e0pen&iture of %ali&l" enter into6hat the lease for the prawn pu:li! fun&s' are !ontra!t the le,al re?uisites pon&sL +nswer with reasons' thereforL SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: SU22ESTE! 3he followin, ANS4ER: are the le,al re?uisites for the (1) 3he !it" is not issue %ali&it" of a!oun!il !ontra!t to e :e powere& entere& to into :" the su:poenas to of !o Si:on,aH pel the atten&an!e of the the 8uni!ipalit" whi!h in%ol%es operators of of the fun*houses e0pen&iture pu:li! fun&s: 5n the /r ita &istri!t' (1) 3he ust in :e within the power of the 3here is!ontra!t no pro%ision the ConstitutionH the 7o!al uni!ipalit"; $o%ern ent Co&eH or an" law e0pressl" ,rantin, (2) 3he !ontra!t:o&ies ust :e entere& :" the lo!al le,islati%e the power into to su:poena proper offi!erH i'e'H the a"orH Ariental upon resolution of witnesses' +s hel& in Ne,ros 55 /le!tri! the San,,unian, pursuant to Se!tion 1#2 Cooperati%eH 5n!' 9a"an %s' San,,unian, Panlun,so& of of 7o!al $o%ern ent Co&e; -uthe a,ueteH 122 SC1+ #21H su!h power !annot :e i plie& fro the ,rant of &ele,ate& le,islate& (3) 5n a!!or&an!e with )0) 3o of the 1e%ise& power' Su!h power is Se!' >u&i!ial' allow lo!al +& inistrati%e Co&eH there ust :e an without le,islati%e :o&ies to e0er!ise su!h power appropriation of the pu:li! fun&s; an& in a!!or&an!e with Se!' )07H there ust :e a

no inees !i%"i$ suspension :efore the ine5 shall or 1e,ional fro E##e"t :e transfereesH !lose& offi!e o# 3rial Pardon without un&er Court shall1epu:li! in&e 2ranted (13C) not :e nif"in, whi!h :arre& +!t in Fa*or an" 3019 :" +l!antara :) Se!tion 9' +E/ Can !annot 13 he!annot of !lai the !olle!t +nti*$raft salar" reassu salaries for e an& the offi!e an& Corrupt perio& allowan!es as Pra!ti!es that e :er his of o# P-b to &e!i&e& i" person that O##i"er% it was pre;u&i!e& Santos 619997 there:"' who ha& + the propert" pluralit" is refers pres!ription' an" offi!e that the respon&ent the +!tH fro San,,unian, whi!h the ,o%ern is not a ent 9a"an' penalt" for the +s :ut first hel& a pre%enti%e two in"ears San,,unian, of his !ase was pen&in, appealL 6h"L (2N) of 30 %otes thus an& with&rawn pro!lai fro e&ne!essaril" hi pu:li! theuse winner' An :e presentl" hol&in, an& not to a" the one ter easure' H :e!ause Se!tion the eanwhile 13 Court of the 9+13 +nti*$raft !olle!te& an& 9a"an of Sin!e San in +n&res %' of +ppealsH 28# No 5E * C' + Cit" +ssistant 3reasurer was S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1; otionhe use& a&eH or the !on%e"e& 13C e0e!ution purpose Corruption the salaries an& allowan!es' +!t &oes 9+13 not state was a &e the whi!h hol& when he,rante& !ofor an" itte& the !ri for e with SC1+ 27) Pra!ti!es (1998)H +l!antara shoul& :e that &ee e& to !on%i!te& of /stafa throu,h falsifi!ation of pu:li! I+$ea"'+ent5 Cronyi%+ 689997 pen&in, whi!h the appeal other of real Cru= propert" to the :elon,in, CA8/7/C to the a) +lfonso 9eit !annot !lai an" salar" for pu:li! fa!to offi!er offi!er while ust he :ewas suspen&e& in possession onl" the the whi!h he is !har,e&' 3his was the rulin, in ha%e a:an&one& his position as einof :er of the the &o!u ent' 6hile ser%in, senten!eH he was (Co ele!) lo!al an& unit on !on!erne& this :asis' Santos i,ht :eassu lawfull" e& perio& of allow his pre%enti%e suspension &urin, the offi!e offi!e'where 3o he +E/ is alle,e& to !olle!t to ha%e the !o salaries itte& an& the -eloso %' San&i,an:a"an 173 SC1+ #09' San,,unian, 9a"an' @is intention to a:an&on his No 55' a:solute 5s !ron"is a :" le,al ,roun& for the ,rante& par&on the Presi&ent' offi!e an& use& ser%e& or !on%e"e&'C as 8uni!ipal 8a"or' 5n ti eH the pen&en!" a!ts allowan!es whi!h he will the has result in%esti,ation' :een in his !har,e&H aDin, the +s it applies ,o%ern hel& into $loria ent an" position is of shown :" failure to perfor his i the Presi&entL /0plain' (2N) (2)pea!h OesH F ent !anof %ali&l" o:;e!t to the &uration of the 1 +ssu in, that position +ssistant Co ele! re%erse& the the rulin, of the of 13C an& Cit" offi!e %s' pa" a Court whi!h se!on& he ti +ppealsH e' a" (8e!he :e 30) SC1+ + 3reatise 287 on (1997)H the fun!tion asof e :er ofhol&in,' the HSan,,unian, 9a"anH suspension' 5n -eloso u' San&i,an:a"anH 173 3reasurer S<$$/S3/has re +NS6/1: aine& %a!antH he 5n Fa%is %' Cit" 9a,uioH 27 SC1+ 10)0H it entitle& was to instea& rule& that Cru= won :" a woul& ar,in of:e #0 7awfailure of Se!tion Pu:li! Affi!es an& Pu:li! Affi!ersH P1890Q un&er 22 of the Ci%il for Ser%i!e 7awH the his to !olle!t the salar" the positionH his SC1+ #09H it was hel& that the i position of a reinstate ent without nee& ofele!te& a new a street hel& that Cit" of !oul& !lose %otes an& the pro!lai e& 9a,uio hi the the &ul" pp' 222*223') pro%ision foro:;e!t pa" ent of the salaries &urin, the perio& failure to to appoint ent of his OesH !ron"is is a for le,al ,roun& perio& for the E e"ti*e and A$$ointi*e O##i"ia %: di%"i$ inary pre%enti%e suspension an in&efinite of appoint entL an& lease it /0plain' sin!e it (2N) ha& :e!o e patri onial 8uni!ipal 8a"or' of pre%enti%e suspension &urin, the pen&en!" of repla!e entH an& his failure to initiate an" a!t to i ent of the Presi&ent' <n&er Se!tion 2H a-t'ority 6899;7 899; 6:<b7 C3-H a Co issioner ti pea!h e is unreasona:le an& %iolates the ri,ht of the 2 5f later the sa ein position es %a!antH 9+13 is e not re?uire& to refun& to &elete&' the ,o%ernof3he ent propert"' 7iDewiseH Ce:u:e!o A0",en an& the in%esti,ation has :een reassu his post after the reor,ani=ation the a) 5t is +rti!le M5 now of the :e"on& ConstitutionH >une 30H :etra"al 1992'who Can ofele!te& Cru= pu:li! of the National 7a:or 1elations Co ission a!!use& to &ue pro!ess' 3he people !oul& he reappl" an& :e reappointe&L /0plain' (2N) pre%enti%e the salaries suspension an& allowan!es he re!ei%e&' +s a &e +!et"lene Co pan"H 5n!' a 9er!elesH )) SC1+ not a penalt"' 5ts San,,unian, 9a"an was was %oi&e&' trust is one of to the ,roun&s forof 5 the pea!h 3his still offi!e for the portion ter ent' heof has (N71C)H sports a No' 10 !ar plate' + &is,runtle& the hol& ,o%ernor offi!e woul& :e &epri%e& his fa!to offi!erH he is entitle& towas the authori=e& salaries an& #81H it was hel& that the Cit" of Ce:u !oul& !lose i position was lawfulH sin!e it :" faile& refers toto ser%eL %iolation of (3N) the oath an& of his offi!e an& liti,ant file& a !o plaint a,ainst hi for %iolation of ser%i!es for an 6h"L in&efinite perio&H ri,ht to allowan!es :e!ause he ren&ere& ser%i!es &urin, a street an& sell it thereafter' law' in!lu&es !ron"is in%ol%es un&ul" fa%orin, the +nti*$raft an& Corrupt Pra!ti!es +!t :efore the hol& offi!e woul& whi!h :e nullifie&' 8oreo%erH sin!e S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: :) 6as Santos a usurper an& shoul& he pa" +l!antara effe!te& his intention :" 91 hisPhil' letter of his in!u :en!"' (1o&ri,ue= %' 3anH 72# a !ron" to the pre;u&i!e pu:li! interestH (1e!or& A :u&s an' C3- now seeDs to en;oin the un&er Se!tion #2 of the of Ci%il Ser%i!e -e!ree the :a!D whatthe heCit" hasof re!ei%e& while theto (2) Sin!e -a,upan has hol&in, the power resi,nationH his assu ption of offi!e as e :er of 119220' C' the 1')Constitutional +s of hel& in Co 8onsanto %' Eol' Fa!toranH 170 :) 5f the penalt" :e!ausealle,in, +lfonso of issionH 55H p' 272) A :u&s an in a was petitiono&ifie& for prohi:itionH &uration pre%enti%e suspension shoul& :e !on%ert offi!e as the 8uni!ipal parD into 8a"orL prawn 6h"L pon&s (2N) it !an also the San,,unian, Panlalawi,anH his &is!har,e of SC1+ par&on(90)erel" frees the prote!tion in&i%i&ual 9eit he was e0onerate& of the !har,e was the that !oul& :e in%esti,ate& onl" :" that the Supre e li ite& 190H to ninet" &a"sH e?ual 3he &uties :ills whi!h 9+13 alone authore& an& were lease it to MO. e%en thou,h MO. is a 100Nforei,n his as its e :erH an& his re!eipt of the S<$$/S3/+NS6/1; fro an&s all the penalties an& le,al &isa:ilities :asis un&er for theits &e!ision or&erin, his &is issalH he Court power of super%ision ,rante& in the &e that the &uration of pre%enti%e I+$ea"'+ent5 2ro-nd% 619997 !orporation' 3he operation of a prawn hat!her" appro%e& :" the @ouse of 1epresentati%es are salar" for su!h post' i pose& upon hi :e!ause of his !on%i!tion' 5t is entitle& to @e :a!D wa,esHthat otherwiseH this woul& Constitution' !onten&s un&er the law suspension un&er the +nti*$raft Corrupt a) Cru= !an no lon,er hol& offi!e foran& the portion %ali& :e!ause he was a &e fa!to offi!er &urin, &oes not in%ol%e e0ploitation of natural resour!es No MEnot *6hat are the ,roun&s for ipu:li! pea!h ent' &oes restore hi toto the offi!e :e tanta the ount to punishin, hi ranD after e0oneration !reatin, N71CH he has the of a >usti!e of Pra!ti!es +!t he also li ite& ninet" (90) &a"s' of the the ter he faile& ser%e sin!e his has +l!antara !annot :ea!ts &ee to ha%e lost are his within eanin, ofto Se!tions 2 an& 3Hter +rti!le M55 his in!u :en!"' 3he of e& a &e fa!to offi!er /0plain' (2N) relin?uishe& :" reason of the !on%i!tion' fro Court the of !har,e whi!h !ause& to his &is issal' the +ppealsH an& entitle& the e0pire&' offi!e as e as :er of the San,,unian, 9a"an :" %ali& insofar the pu:li! is !on!erne&' (People of the 1987 Constitution' (Se!retar" of >usti!eH P$loria %s' Court of +ppealsH SC1+ 287 !orrespon&in, pri%ile,es' @en!eH3A) the A89 has no S<$$/S3/F51S3 +NS6/1: +73/1N+35E/ !i%"i$ ine5 Pre*enti*e S-%$en%ion 689987 resi,nation' Se!tion 82 of the 7o!al Ap' No' 3H s' 1988) Sin!e the +NS6/1: portion of the parD %' $ar!iaH 313<n&er SC1+ 279 P19990' :) Santos was not a usurper' @e was a &e fa!to (1997)Q' 5f o%er he was repri an&e& for hi the sa e ;uris&i!tion the !o plaint a,ainst ' Shoul& $o%ern ent Co&eH the resi,nation shoul& :e ha& :een with&rawn fro pu:li! useH !oul& :e 2') 3he <n&er Se!tion +ssistant 2H Cit" +rti!le 3reasurer M5 of of the !an ConstitutionH reappl" No 55' Si eon Ealera for erl" ait Pro%in!ial offi!erH sin!e he ha& awas !olor ele!tion to an& the !har,epetition whi!h :e was the :asis the 1eason &e!ision C3-Bs ,rante& or &is of isse&L su: itte& to the San,,unian, 9a"an' @e &ispose& forfor an" lawful purpose in!lu&in, leasin, the ,roun&s i the pea!h ent as are :e appointe& to positionH sin!e par&on $o%ernor offi!e of who 8uni!ipal ran an& 8a"or won :" a %irtue 8ethe :er of ofthe the or&erin, his &is issalH +lfonso 9elt is not entitle& :riefl"' (2N) 2ra#t itte& and Corr-$tion5 Pre%"ri$tion Cri+e it to the 8a"or instea&Ho#an& the it a forei,n !orporation' 1 Culpa:le %iolation of the Constitution * is eans su: reto o%e& the &is?ualifi!ation to hol& pu:li! @ouse of 1epresentati%es for the offi!e' Se!on& &e!ision in the ele!tion protest' @en!eH he to :a!D wa,esH :e!ause he was foun& ,uilt"H an& 689987 resi,nation was not a!!epte&' intentional %iolation of ents the not of Con,ressional entitle& to the e -istri!t olu ofConstitution of lloilo' the offi!e' For an& %iolation the penalt" was erel" !o ute&' (-ela Cru= %iolations in ,oo&an& faith' No Court M55' Suppose a pu:li! offi!er has itte& a Se!tion 3 !o of theitte& +nti*$raft Corrupt Pra!ti!es %s' of +ppealsH 302 SC1+ 303 !o (1998)Q' S/CAN- +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: !i%"i$ ine5 C e+en"y5 !o"trine o# Condonation 2 3reason * the sa as e a eanin, as inalle,e&l" the 1e%ise&S<$$/S3/%iolation of Se!tion 3 (:) an& of the +nti*$raft +NS6/1: 3he(!) petition of C3+!t (1'+' No'3019)H en&e&H 689997 ARTICLE /I Cit" A""o-ntabi ity o# Penal Co&e 2') E e"ti*e 3he +ssistant P-b i" O##i"er%5 Fa"to !annot O##i"er5 reappl" an& Corrupt +!t U1+ shoul& :e &is Pra!ti!es isse&' Se!tion 21 ofNoH the 3019)H as !o itte& when he 3reasurer was!e still a Pro%in!ial No E5' + pro%in!ial ,o%ernor &ul" ele!te& to offi!e 3 9ri:er" eanin, asfile& in the 1e%ise& A an& :e appointe& tosa the <n&er +rti!le e##e"t% 6899;7 a en&e&H :" re!ei%in, onetar" an& other :u&s an +!t %ests the Affi!e of the $o%ernorH a !ri* the inal !o epositionH plaint was a,ainst P-b i" O##i"er% was !har,e& with &islo"alt" an& suspen&e& fro Penal Co&e 3) of:efore the 1e%ise& Penalof Co&eH a par&on &oes !i%"i$ ine5 Pre*enti*e S-%$en%ion 619997 aterial !onsi&erations for !ontra!ts entere& into A :u&s an with &is!iplinar" authorit" o%er all hi the Affi!e the A :u&s an for /<9' +E/ ran for Con,ress an of (< pro%in!e' offi!e pen&in, the out!o e of the for al # $raft an& Corruption *refers to prohi:ite& a!ts not restore the ri,ht to hol& pu:li! offi!e unless :" hi in :ehalf of the ,o%ern ent an& in ele!ti%e an& appointi%e offi!ials of the whi!hH upon a fin&in, of pro:a:le !auseH a Abandon+ent O##i"e 689997 @owe%erH his o# opponentH 9+13H was the one No ' ): 5n 198)H FH then the a,ainst offi!er*in*!har,e of in%esti,ation of the !har,es hi ' 3he enu erate& in the +nti*$raft an& Corrupt Pra!ti!es +!t' su!h ri,ht :e e0pressl" restore& :" the par&on; !onne!tion with other transa!tionsH as a result of ,o%ern entH e0!ept offi!ials who a" :e re o%e& !ri inal !ase was file& with the San&i,an:a"an' No E55' e& +l!antara was ele!te& :aran,a" an 9otolanH pro!lai an& seate& as the winner !hair of the .a :alesH was a!!use& of ha%in, %iolate& Se!retar" of 5nterior an& 7o!al $o%ern ents 2 other @i,h Cri es * +sso!iation refer offenses that striDe whi!h he a asse& ille,all" wealth' onl" :" i has pea!h entH 8e :ersa!?uire& of Con,ressH an& -urin, the !ourse of the trialH theto San&i,an:a"an an& later presi&ent of of 9aran,a" ele!tion :" the CA8/7/C' +E/ file& seasona:l" the +nti*$raft an& as Corrupt Pra!ti!es +!t o%e& :efore foun& hi ,uilt" !har,e& an& re hithe at the %er" life or or&erl" worDin, of the ,o%ern ent' the >u&i!iar"' 6hile C3has the ranD of a >usti!e issue& an or&er of pre%enti%e suspension for 90 Coun!ils in his uni!ipalit"' 5n that !apa!it"H he was a protest :efore @1/3 (@ouse of 1epresentati%es San&i,an:a"an' 9efore he !oul& :e the arrain,e&H offi!e' @e file& a petition :efore Supre he e ) an& :" 9etra"al of Pu:li! 3rust refers an"the fro of Court +ppealsH he &oes not :elon, to the &a"s a,ainst hi the ' Presi&ent appointe& as *"earsH e :erto of (a)the -oes theof !ri inal offense itte& /le!toral 3ri:unal)' +fter two @1/3 was ele!te& $o%ernor of !o .a :alesH +fterwas his Court ?uestionin, his re o%al' 6hile the !ase !i%"i$ ine5 Pre*enti*e S-%$en%ion B 7aterH A$$ea 5 %iolation of the oath ofof offi!e' (Cru=H Philippine Politi!al :ut to the /0e!uti%e -epart ent' 3his San,,unian, 9a"an his uni!ipalit"' 1epresentati%e Ealera ?uestione& the ofthe >u&i!iar" pres!ri:eL (2N) re%erse& the CA8/7/CFs &e!ision an&%ali&it" +E/ was arrai,n entH he un&er hepre%enti%e pen&in, :efore the was Supreput e CourtH file& his entit e+ent to %a ary $endente 689917 7awH 1998 e&'H pp' 33)*337; 9ernasH 3he 1987 si pl" eans that he has the sa e !o pensation Se!retar" 5nterior an& 7o!al $o%ern ents suspension the San&i,an:a"an or&er on the &ul" ,roun& thatH pro!lai e& of finall" as the ele!te& :" the San&i,an:a"an Cforposition the &uration !ertifi!ate of !an&i&a!" for the of Constitution of the Philippines: + of Cothe San,,unlan, entar"H 199) an& (:) -oes the ri,ht of the ,o%ern to re!o%er pri%ile,es as a >usti!e of the ent Court of appointe& +l!antara as e ha& :er un&er +rti!le H he Se!tion 1)(3) the Con,ress an' E5 3husH onl" one of "ear to of the trialC' $o%ernor an& wonH an& was pro!lai e& $o%ernor' e&'H pp' 991*992) the ille,all" a!?uire& pres!ri:eL (3N) 5f the Suprewealth e Court were to in%esti,ate Panlalawi,an their to :" No ME * +lfonso 9eitH a pro%in!e suppl" offi!er ineet the a +ppeals' ConstitutionH heof !an :e suspen&e& onl" the SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: ser%e in Con,ress' @e !lai Fs his reele!tion to the position (1) Can su!!essfull" !hallen,e the le,alit" of of C3-H it woul& :e perfor in, a non*;u&i!ial reor,ani=ational !ontin,en!"H an& 8en&o=a tooD -epart of ent of S!ien!e an& 3e!hnolo," (-AS3)H @ouse 1epresentati%es an& that the !ri inal his $o%ernor (1) OesH the Cit" of -a,upan a" lawfull" !on%ert has ren&ere& the pen&in, a& inistrati%e Can +E/ !olle!t salaries an& allowan!es fro the his pre%enti%e suspension onprin!iple the ,roun& the 3hisprawn will %iolate the of that pla!e in !har,e& the San,,unian, 9a"an' +l!antara then fun!tion' was a,ainst a& arise inistrati%el"' Pen&in, S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: !ase hi &i& not fro his a!tuations the parD into an& the '+ !ase a,ainst hi pon&s oot in%ol%e& an& lease a!a&e i!' 5s!it" he ,o%ern ent for the first two "ears of his ter as !ri inal !ase a,ainst hi a!ts separation of powers' (No:le;as %' 3eehanDeeH 23 wrote ofthe resi,nation the San,,unian, in%esti,ationH he was pre%enti%el" suspen&e& for as a a e letter :er of @ouse of fro 1epresentati%es' a" !lose a parD an& pla=a an& on!e the !orre!tL /0plain' (2N) Con,ress anL !o (a) + itte& %iolation &urin, of Se!tion his ter 3(:) as offi!er*in*!har,e an& (!) of the +nti* SC1+ #02 P19)8Q) 9a"an a&&resse& to the 8a"or of the hiuni!ipalit"H 90 &a"s' 3he -AS3 Se!retar" foun& ,uilt" propert" has :een with&rawn fro pu:li! useH it an& $raft not an& &urin, Corrupt his Pra!ti!es ter as $o%ernorL +!t pres!ri:es' +s !ease& fun!tionin, as e the :er thereof assu Shoul& 9+13 refun& to ,o%ern ent the e& SU22ESTE! an& ete& hi the penalt" of re o%al an& fro offi!e' falls within theANS4ER: !o er!e of an an& a" :e 5s 1epresentati%e EaleraBs !ontention !orre!tL hel& in Presi&ential +&*@o! Fa!t*Fin&in, offi!e an& perfor fun!tions e :er of the OesH salaries an& allowan!es he ha&as re!ei%e& as @e appeale& to e& thehis Ci%il Ser%i!e Co ission the Se!tion re*ele!tion the ,o%ernor ren&ere& lease&' 10 ofof the 7o!al has $o%ern ent 6h"L (2N) Co ittee oni" 9ehest 7oans %' -esiertoH 317 e"ti*e Fa"to O##i"er San,,unlan, Panlalawi,an' 7aterH the E Con,ress (2) Can FP-b %ali&l" o:;e!t to!e the aforestate& (CSC)' 5n anL the eanti eH the &e!ision was the pen&in, a& O##i"er5 inistrati%e !ase a,ainst hi oot' Co&e pro%i&es: SC1+ 272 (1999)H +rti!le M5H Se!tion 12 of the 689997 reor,ani=ation of the San,,unian, Panlalawi,an S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: &uration oflo!al hisin suspensionL e0e!ute& pen&in, appeal' 3he CSC ren&ere& a C+ ,o%ern ent%' unit a" liDewiseH +s e0plaine& +,uinal&o SantosH 212 SC1+ 6hat will happen to the :ills that 9+13 alone Constitution &oes not appl" to !ri inal !ases for an& the appoint ent of 8en&o=a were&e!ision %oi&e&' :" Can No &e!ision whi!h o&ifie& the appeale& throu,h its hea& a!tin, pursuant to a 7)8ME5' (1992)H aele!tions lo!al ele!ti%e offi!ial !annot of 8a" 1992H Cru= an& :e 3he authore& !ontention an& were of 1epresentati%e appro%e& :"Ealera the @ouse is not of S<$$/S3/%iolation 5n of the the +NS6/1: +nti*$raft an& Corrupt Pra!ti!es +l!antara reassu e offi!e as an&H e an& :er whi!h of the Santos i posin, onl" a penalt" of repri resolution of itsfor san,,unian an& !o in re o%e& fro theoffi!e is!on&u!t itte& were !an&i&ates for the offi!e of !orre!t 1epresentati%es +s hel& in Santia,o while he %' San&i,an:a"anH was seate& as +!t San,,unian, (1) NoH his F !annot su!!essfull" !hallen,e the &e!ision :e!a 9a"an e final'or has he lost it :e!ause of 8uni!ipal a!!or&an!e with e0istin, law an& the &urin, pre%ious ter H of :e!ause ea!h ter is 8a"orH the ter whi!h was to e0pire 32) SC1+ )3)H suspension !onte plate& in Con,ress anL the 1eason an& e0plain :riefl"' (2N) resi,nationL a:an&on entL /0plain' (2N) le,alit" of his pre%enti%e on the (:) +rti!le M5H Se!tion 12suspension of the Constitution pro%isions this Co&eH !lose an" separate an& the of people :" re*ele!tin, hi are on >une 30H 1992' Fin&in, that he won :" a a) CanE5H +lfonso 9elt !lai salar" for the perio& +rti!le Se!tion 1)(3) of the Constitution is a ,roun& that the !ri inal !ase a,ainst hi of in%ol%e pro%i&es that the ri,ht of the State to re!o%er :aran,a"H uni!ipalH !it" or pro%in!ial &ee e& to ha%e for,i%en his is!on&u!t' ar,in of 20 %otesH the 8uni!ipal 9oar& that his ent !ase was in%esti,ationL 6h"L punish that is ipen&in, pose& :" the Senate or S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: a!ts !o roa&H itte& &urin, his ter as as A5C an& not properties unlawfull" a!?uire& :" pu:li! offi!ials streetH alle" parD or s?uare' No su!h Can%assers pro!lai e& Cru= the &ul" ele!te& (3N) @ouse of 1epresentati%es upon an errin, SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: &urin, his ter as ,o%ernor :e!ause or e plo"eesH fro the or fro their wa" or or pla!e or an" part thereof 8a"or' Santos file& an ele!tion protest e :erH it is &istin!t fro the suspension un&er

i re?uire uni=e ents the pres!ri:e& Se!retar" of :" Pu:li! law for 6orDs the positionH fro S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: O+b-d%+an: Po1er to S-%$end5 Pre*enti*e the appoint lia:ilit" for li:el' ent e0ten&e& to hi is %ali&' (1) NoH M !annot re!o%er &a a,es fro the S-%$en%ion 6899;7 1' 5 pea!h ent is a etho& :" whi!h persons Conse?uentl"H he has a :etter ri,ht than Ei!ente Se!retar" of Pu:li! 6orDs' 3he Se!retar" of hol&in, ,o%ern ent positions of hi,h authorit"H /stra&a' 6?7 -ire!tor 6A6 faile& the Pu:li! 6orDs or&ere& the &elifest"le olition !he!D of the presti,eH an& &i,nit" an& with &efinite tenure Lo"a E e"ti*e O##i"ia %5 Li+itation% On !on&u!te& the A :u&s Affi!e :e!ause fishpon& in :" the perfor an!e anBs of his offi!ial &uties' 3he !lai of /stra&a that :ein, the offi!er ne0t in a" :e re o%e& fro offi!e for !auses !losel" Additiona !-tie% 6199A7 6A6s assets were to his @e &i& not a!t in :a&,rossl" faith or&isproportionate with ,ross ne,li,en!e' ranD he shoul& ha%e :een appointe& as Cit" relate& to their !on&u!t as pu:li! offi!ialsH (E'$' salar" an& the allowan!es' 8oreo%erH e assets 5n @e issue& or&er onl" after &ue so in%esti,ation' No ' 10: +is Cit" in 8etro 8anila was rule &esi,nate& /n,ineer not8a"or eritorious' 5t is a settle& that S5NCAH P@575PP5N/ PA7535C+7 7+6 373 (llth were not%' in!lu&e& in 12# his State ofit+ssets an& 8a:utol Pas!ualH SC1+ ent 87)H was hel& as 8e :er of the 7o!al + nest" 9oar& (7+9) the appointin, authorit" is not li ite& to pro otion as e&' 19)2))' 7ia:ilities' @e:ers was of !har,e& ,raft !orrupt that the e the +& of @o! Coan& ittee allowe& the:ut 1ules an& to 1e,ulations in fillin, upun&er %a!an!ies a" !hoose fill the 3he ,roun&s for i Presi&ential pea!h ent -e!ree are pra!ti!es pen&in, the !o pletion of !ulpa:le !reate& toan& i ple ent No' 29) 5 + ent nest" Pro!la ation Nos'ser%i!e 3#7 an& :" ple the entin, appoint of persons with !i%il %iolation the ConstitutionH treasonH :ri:er"H in%esti,ationsH he was suspen&e& fro or&ere& offi!e for an& 7etterof of 5nstru!tion NoH 19H whi!h the 3#8' as a appropriate en&e& :" Pro!la No' 377' 7+9 eli,i:ilit" to the ation position' /%en3he if a ,raftolition an& of !orruptionH other hi,h pu:li! !ri es an& si0 onths' &e stru!tures o:stru!tin, is entruste& with the :" fun!tions of the re!ei%in, an& %a!an!" were to :e fille& pro otionH !on!ept +' 6A6 petitione& Court of :etra"al+,,rie%e&H of pu:li! (+rt' M5Hfor se!' 2)' waterwa"sH !oul&Btrust' not :e sue& &athe a,es pro!essin, appli!ations for an" a nest" an& of Cne0t in ranDC &oes not i port an&ator" +ppeals annul the pre%enti%e suspension or&er althou,h to the" or&ere& the &e olition of a :uil&in, re!o tothe theperson National + in nest" re?uire en&in, ent that ne0t ranD Coust ission :e 3he offi!ials re o%a:le :" i pea!h ent are the on the ,roun& that the a A!reeDH :u&s:e!ause an !oul& onl" that en!roa!he& upon the pu:li! Presi&entH Ei!e Presi&entH the 8e :ers of the appro%al of the appli!ations' 3he ter law of the appointe&or to&enial the %a!an!"' 6hat the !i%il ser%i!e re!o en& :ut not&i& i pose the offi!ers !on!erne& not a!t insuspension' :a& faith' Supre e CourtH 8e :ers of the Constitutional Co ission an&H the :" 7o!al + nest" pro%i&es is that if a ne!essaril"H %a!an!" is fille& pro otionH 8oreo%erH a!!or&in, to 6A6H the suspension (2) Co NoHissions the li:el an& suit the will Anot :u&s prosper' an' 3he (5&') report 9oar&s un&er it e0pires upon ne0t the in !oranD pletion of its the person hol&in, the position thereto was i pose& without an" noti!e or hearin,H in su: itte& :" the Se!retar" of Pu:li! 6orDs to the assi,ne& tasDs as for a" pro :e otion'C &eter /spanol ine& :" %' the Cshall :e !onsi&ere& %iolation of &ue pro!ess' 5s the petitionerBs Presi&ent !onstitutes pri%ile,e& !o uni!ationH Presi&ent' Ci%il Ser%i!e Co ission 20) SC1+ 712H !ontention eritoriousL -is!uss :riefl"' (2N) as it was sent in the perfor an!e of offi!ial &ut"' 2' P- No' 1)0)H se!' 1H in so far as it pro%i&es for 8a" the Cit" 8a"or a!!ept his &esi,nation without the re o%al of the e :ers of the +73/1N+35E/ forfeitin, his ele!ti%e +NS6/1; position in the li,ht of the +rti!le 32# of the 1e%ise& Penal Co&e pro%i&es; San&i,an:a"an onl" :" i pea!h ent ust :e pro%ision of Se!' 7H 1st par' +rt' 5M*9 of the 1987 Neither >ose 1e"es nor Ei!ente /stra&a has a &ee e& to ha%e :een ren&ere& inoperati%e :" the Constitution whi!h pertinentl" states that CPNQo :etter ri,ht to :e appointe& Cit" /n,ineer' +s C/%er" &efa ator"whi!h i putation is presu e& to :e new Constitution pro%i&es that with the ele!ti%e offi!ial shall :e eli,i:le for appoint ent or hel& in 9arro=o %s' Ci%il Ser%i!e Co issionH ali!iousH of e%en it :e trueH if no entione&H ,oo& intention e0!eption theif offi!ials there C+ll &esi,nation in an" !apa!it" to an" pu:li! offi!e or 198 SC1+ #87H the appointin, authorit" is not an& ;ustifia:le oti%e for it is shownH e0!ept other pu:li! offi!ers an&aDin, e plo"ees a" :e position &urin, his tenureLC -is!uss full"H re?uire& to appoint the one ne0t*in*ranD to fill a in followin, !ases: re the o%e& fro offi!e as pro%i&e& :" lawH :ut not %a!an!"' @e is allowe& to fill it also :" the :" i pea!h ent'C 8oreo%erH un&er +rt' E555H se!H S<$$/S3/transfer of an+NS6/1: e plo"ee who possesses !i%il 11H the power to re o%e lower !ourt ;u&,es is 1' + pri%ate !o uni!ation a&e :" an" person ser%i!e eli,i:ilit"' %este& in the Supre e Court en :an! whi!hH :" NoH the Cit" 8a"or a" not a!!ept his &esi,nation to another in the perfor an!e of an" le,alH oral the %ote of a a;orit" of the e :ers who Liabi ityforfeitin, without For !a+age% his ele!ti%e in positions' Per#or+an"e +s state& o# or so!ial &ut";C a!tuall" taDe part in the &eli:eration on the issues O##i"ia F-n"tion% 619997 in Flores %s' -rilon 223 SC1+ 2)8H it is the 5n -eano %' an& $o&ine=H 12 SC1+ #83H was hel& in the !ase %ote thereonH !an &isit iss lower intention of Se!tion 7H +rti!le M*9 of the 1987 No' 10: 3he Se!retar" of Pu:li! 6orDsH after an that a;u&,es' report sent :" a pu:li! offi!ial to his superior !ourt Constitution that lo!al ele!ti%e offi!ials shoul& in%esti,ationH or&ere& the &e olition of the is pri%ile,e& !o uni!ationH :e!ause its &e%ote their full ti e to their !onstituents' 6hile fishpon& of M as a nuisan!e per se on the ,roun& su: ission is pursuant to the perfor an!e of a se!on& para,raph of Se!tion 7H +rti!le 5M*9 of the La1 &ut"' o# P-b i" O##i"er%5 Ne,t<in<RanI R- e that it en!roa!he& on na%i,a:le ri%ers an& le,al 1987 Constitution allows appointi%e offi!ials to 6199;7 i pe&e& the use of the ri%ers' 3he Se!retar" 9esi&esH in sen&in, his reportH the Se!retar" of hol& other offi!es when allowe& :" law or :" the su: itte& to the Presi&ent of the Philippines a No' 126orDs Pe&ro a!te& Cru=H in the Cit" /n,ineer 9a,uioH Pu:li! the &is!har,e of of his offi!ial pri ar" fun!tions of their positionsH no su!h report of sai& in%esti,ationH whi!h report !ontaine& retire&' 3o fill the %a!ant Cit" 8a"or &uties' @en!eH he was positionH a!tin, inthe :ehalf of the e0!eption is a&e in the first para,raphH whi!h !learl" li:elous atters a&%ersel" affe!tin, the appointe&of>ose 1e"esH a an& !i%ilwithin en,ineer who 1epu:li! the Philippines the s!ope &eals with ele!ti%e offi!ials' 5t is the 5ntention of reputation of MH a well*Dnown !i%i! an& reli,ious forhis erl" worDe& un&er to Cru= :ut ha& :een of authorit" +!!or&in, the rulin, in San&ers the 1987 Constitution to :e ore strin,ent with lea&er in the !o unit"' assi,ne& to the the 8a"or for the past %' Eeri&ianoH 1)2Affi!e SC1+of 88H a suit :rou,ht a,ainst ele!ti%e lo!al offi!ials' fi%e "ears' a pu:li! offi!ial for writin, a letter whi!h is alle,e& 3he Supre e Court later foun& that the ri%ers to :e li:elous :ut whi!h was written while he was Ei!ente /stra&aH the +ssistant Cit" /n,ineer file& +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: were an* a&e an& were !onstru!te& on pri%ate a!tin, as a,ent of the ,o%ern ent an& within the a protest with the Ci%il Ser%i!e Co ission OesH heowne& a" :" a!!ept su!h &esi,nation without s!ope of his authorit" is a!tuall" a suit a,ainst the propert" M' I+$ea"'+ent5 Nat-re5 2ro-nd%5 P! 1?9? !lai in, that :ein, the offi!er ne0t in ranD he forfeitin, his a"orship' 3he Constitutional pro%ision State without its !onsent' 619887 (1) 8a" M re!o%er &a a,es fro the Se!retar" of shoul& ha%e :een appointe& as Cit" /n,ineer' :ein, !ite& !onte plates a Cpu:li! offi!e or positionC' Pu:li! 6orDs for the !ost in%ol%e& in re:uil&in, No ' 1#: 1' 6hat i pea!h entH what are the 5t is :elie%e& thatisthe 7o!al + nest" 9oar& is not the fishpon&s an& an& for lost profitsL State "our +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: ,roun&s thereforH who are the hi,h offi!ials su!h an offi!e sin!e it is erel" an a& ho! :o&"' 1) 6ho has a :etter ri,ht to :e appointe& to the reason' re o%a:leitthere:"L !onteste& ?uestion positionL &oes not spe!if" how the li:el was 9esi&esH is :elie%e& that its fun!tions are not 3he (2) Supposein M!hara!ter files a li:el suit a,ainst the itte&' 5f the li:elous state ent was not Cso%erei,nC whi!h is onepro%i&es of the ele that ents !o 2' Presi&ential -e!ree No' 1)0) S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: Se!retar" of Pu:li! 6orDs' 6ill the a" sai& li:el rele%ant to the report on the alle,e& ille,al of a pu:li! offi!e' >usti!es of the San&i,an:a"an :e re suit o%e& 1) An the assu that the >ose 1e"es possesses prosperL en!roa!h ent of ption the ri%erH fa!t that it was onl" :" i /0plain pea!h "our ent'answer' 5s this Presi&ential -e!ree the u !ourse ?ualifi!ation a&eini in the of an offi!ial report &oes not still %ali&L 6h"L S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1:

No'55 E' 9: + ,roup * 2) Suppose of +H losin, anCon,ress eliti,ants plo"ee passe& in of a !ase thea &e!i&e& National law to his 1' 5 authorit"' &isa,ree' Con,ress <n&erto Se!tion inten&e& 7His +rti!le to e!on%i!tion M55 power of the the in!ri ination seeDs pre%ent the of :" ple 5 3reasurerH the ent Supre retire& the e Constitutional Court on >anuar" file& a !o 10H prin!iple plaint 199)' that :efore 9efore a A ConstitutionH :u&s an a tothe !orporation suspen& all or offi!ersH asso!iation whi!h if the"is the witness on :asis of testi on"e%en eli!ite& are si0t" ehi per!ent plo"e& owne& in other offi!es Filipino in !iti=ens the $o%ern !an ent' the A pu:li! she !oul& offi!e :u&s !olle!t isan a pu:li! !har,in, her retire trustH the ent :" >usti!es pro%i&in, :enefitsHwith as the fro ' 3he rule is:" satisfie& when he is ,rante& 3he a!?uire wor&s pri%ate Csu:or&inateC lan&H :e!ause an& Cin it !an his lease :ureauC pu:li! &o Dnowin,l"3reasurer follows: National an& &eli:eratel" &is!o%ere& ren&erin, that + an ha& un;ust :een i unit"' not lan& appear an& !an in therefore the ,rant hol& of su!h pu:li! power lan&' to @owe%erH the &e!ision in ne,li,ent in utter the %iolation en!ash of ent the ofpenal falsifie& laws treasur" of the CNo e plo"ee of the Ci%il Ser%i!e shall :e e0!use&+73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: A it !annot :u&s a!?uire an' pu:li! lan&' <n&er Se!tion 3H lan&' Can warrants' 5t appearsH the A howe%erH :u&s an that + %ali&l" ha& re!ei%e& taDe fro atten&in, an& testif"in, or fro pro&u!in, :ooDsH 1' 5n a!!or&an!e with /%an,elista %s'!orporations >aren!ioH +rti!le M55 of the ConstitutionH pri%ate !o,ni=an!e all one" of an& the propert" !aseL /0plain' !learan!es fro the re!or&sH !orrespon&en!eH &o!u ents or other )8 SC1+ 99H 107*108H 5f An, is :ein, !ite& an& asso!iations !an onl" lease an& !annot National 3reasurer :efore her retire ent' Po1er to I%%-e S-b$oena5 *a idity o# S<$$/S3/e%i&en!e in +NS6/1: an" a& inistrati%e in%esti,ation erel" as a 619897 witnessH a!?uire pu:li! lan&' he a" not refuse to de egation !on!ernin, the offi!e in whi!h he is e plo"e& on the NoH the A :u&s an !annot entertain the answer' @owe%erH if the ?uestion ten&s to %iolate Can 3reasurer withhol&re?uire& the ofNo' 17: +ssu e that un&er the !harter of the Cit" ,roun&the that National his testi on" or the e%i&en!e !o plaint' +s state& in the !ase of 5n re: 7aureta' his ri,ht a,ainst self*in!ri inationH he a" o:;e!t <n&er Se!tion 8H +rti!le M55 of the ConstitutionH retire entten& of + pen&in, &eter ination of hi her to aof hi a" to in!ri inate hi or su:;e!t 8anilaH the Cit" 8a"or has the in powera to 1#8 SC1+ 382 P1987QH pursuant to the prin!iple of to it' An the other han&H un&er the rulin, natural*:orn!it" Filipino !iti=en who lost his Philippine ne,li,en!e in the en!ash ent of the falsifie& penalt" or forfeiture; :ut his testi on" or an" e%i&en!ein%esti,ate offi!ials an& e plo"ees appointe& separation of powersH the !orre!tness of the Cha%e= %s' Court of +ppealsH 2# SC1+ ))3H )80H !iti=enship a" pri%ate lan& onl" an& inister treasur" warrantsL /0plain' pro&u!e& :" hi shall not :e use& a,ainst hi in :" hi in a!?uire !onne!tion therewithH &e!isions of the Supre e Court as final ar:iter of 5f he is a an& respon&entH An, a" refuse to a& answer !annot a!?uire pu:li! lan&' !ri inal prose!ution :ase& on the transa!tionH atter oathH taDe testi on" an& issue su:poenas' S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: an" ?uestion :e!ause of his ri,ht a,ainst self* 3he all ;usti!ia:le &isputes is !on!lusi%e upon all other or thin, !on!ernin, whi!h is !o pelle&H after in%oDin, a"or issue& an e0e!uti%e or&er !reatin, a in!ri ination' &epart ents of the ,o%ern ent; the A :u&s an 2) a!!or&an!e with self*in!ri 3antui!o %s' -o in,oH 230 or!o his5n pri%ile,e a,ainst inationH to testif" itteeH 3he !haire& :" that CMCHa !orporation to in%esti,ate 2' 5 &isa,ree' ere fa!t is has no power to re%iew the &e!isions of the SC1+ 391 an& Cru= us' 3antui!oH 1)) SC1+ )70H +NS6/1: pro&u!e e%i&en!e' Pro%i&e&H howe%erH that su!hS<$$/S3/ano alies in%ol%in, li!ense& inspe!tors of+s the reli,ious &oes not entitle it to own pu:li! lan&' Supre e Court :" entertainin, a !o plaint the National 3reasurershall !annot withhol& the in&i%i&ual so testif"in, not :e e0e pt fro 7i!ense 5nspe!tion -i%ision of the Affi!e of the Cit" 2' hel& No 5n An, 1e,ister !annot ofar,ue -ee&s that %s' the <n, Ci%il Siu Ser%i!e Si 3e pleH a,ainst the >usti!es of the Supre e Court for pa" ent of an& the retire :enefits of +!o pen&in, prose!ution punishent ent for per;ur" itte& in3reasurerH 5n !ourse of its fro in%esti,ationH CMC 97 Phil' Co 28H ission )1Hthe lan& inferre& tenure his is ,uilt not in&ispensa:le his refusal Dnowin,l" ren&erin, an un;ust &e!ision' &eter ination of shall her lia:ilit" for ne,li,en!e the or su:poenae& COCH a pri%ate !iti=en worDin, as so testif"in, nor he :e e0e pt fro &einotion to the to free answer' e0er!ise @e was an& not en;o" &is ent isse& of :e!ause reli,ious of en!ash the falsifie& treasur" warrantsH re o%al ent fro of offi!e' +n" e plo"ee who refuses to:ooDDeeper +sia @ar&ware' COC profession his in%ol%e of of worship' ent in the 3he leaDa,e reli,ious in !orporation therefuse& e&i!al to S/CAN+73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: :e!ause her retirean" ent :enefits e0ethis pt +!t fro shall appear !onten&in, that the Co testif" or pro&u!e &o!u entsare un&er ittee of has !an e0a own pri%ate ination lan& :ut for onl" his ifrefusal it is at least to answer' si0t" per S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: 3he !ontention of CMC e0e!ution' :e &is isse& fro the ser%i!eHC no power to issue su:poenas' -e!i&e' +rti!le M5H Se!tion 1 of the 1987 Constitution !ent3his owne& is a:" %iolation Filipino !iti=ens' the law' @e !oul& :e -ire!tor 6A6 is not of eritorious' 3he suspension pro%i&es that pu:li! offi!ers ust at all ti es :e !o out pelle& the ?uestion pain of ete& to hito answer is pre%enti%e an& noton puniti%e' a!!ounta:le to the people' Se!tion 22 of the :ein, &is isse& in !ase of his refusalH Se!tion 2# of 1epu:li! +!t No' )770 ,rants the S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: 3' 5 &isa,ree' <n&er Se!tion 1 of Presi&ential A :u&s an +!t pro%i&es that the Affi!e of the :e!ause was ,rante& 5 unit"' A :u&s an he the power to i pose pre%enti%e -e!ree No'!o #71H !orporations an&power asso!iations OesH the has no to issue ARTICLE /II the Nationa A :u&s an has power to E"ono+y in%esti,ate an" suspension up to ittee si0 onths' Pre%enti%e 5n owne& 7efDowit= :" aliens %s' are 3urle"' allowe& #1# to <'S' lease 70H pri%ate 8#H osH the su:poenas a!!or&in, to Car elo %sH 1a Suppose furtherH that alle,e&l" An,H a !o e :er of :" the suspension a":e i pose& without an" noti!e or ) serious is!on&u!t itte& and Patri+ony <nite& lan&s up States to twent"*fi%e Supre e"earsH Court renewa:le hel&:itteeH the for a"or SC1+ 83)' 5n !reatin, the !o Professional 1e,ulator" re?uire& to hearin,' 5t is erel" a preli inar" step in an offi!ials re o%a:le :" i9oar&H pea!h isent for the another perio& of the twent"*fi%e "ears upon ,rant it poweran& to is issue su:poenas' CFurther oreH in%esti,ation the a!!o o&ation :etween the answer an in%esti,ation purpose ?uestions of filin,in a %erifie& !o re,ar&in, plaint fora &i& a& not inistrati%e not the final a,ree ent of the lessor an& &ele,ate the lessee' @en!eH A"F-i%ition and Lea%e o# P-b i" Land% 9esi&esH the a"or !annot his power to interest of the State an& the Fifth + en& ent 7/+G+$/ in a e&i!al e0a ination' i pea!h ent if warrante&' 3he A :u&s an !an &eter ination of the ,uilt of the offi!er !on!erne&' e%en if the reli,ious !orporation is owne& :" 619987 issue su:poenas' re?uires that the State ha%e 207 eans at its &isposal to entertain the !o plaint for this purpose' ($ar!ia %' 8o;i!aH 31# SC1+ P1999Q)' aliensH it !an lease pri%ate lan&s' se!ure testi on" if i unit" is supplie& an& /0press "our a,ree ent or ?uestions &isa,ree on ent Pro'ibition On E e"ti*e O##i"er to Ho d P-b i" 1' Can An, refuse to answer thewith #' 5 &isa,ree' For a !orporationB to ?ualif" to testi is still refuse&' 3his is re!o,ni=e& :" the O+b-d%+an5 an" of that thehe followin, Po1er to state S-%$end5 ents' Pre*enti*e 9e,in "our O##i"eon" 689987 ,roun& woul& in!ri inate hi selfL P#NQ a!?uire pri%ate lan&s inpel the PhilippinesH un&er power of !ourts to !o a ,rant of S-%$en%ion answer with6199?7 the state ent: C5 +$1//C or 9' For his partH the A testi :u&son"H an after o%e& to No E55' M was ele!te& pro%in!ial ,o%ernor for a 2' Suppose he refuses to answerH an& for that Se!tion 7H +rti!le Mn of the Constitution in relation i :" use of !i%il !onte to ptthe an& !oer!e& C-5S+$1//C as the !ase a" :e' &is unit"H iss 6A6s petition' +!!or&in, No ' 10: is 2) &is +nisse& a& inistrati%e !o plaint for %iolation ter of ent' three "ears' @e was StatesH su:se?uentl" reasonH fro the ser%i!eH !an he to prison Se!tion 2H +rti!le M55 of the ConstitutionH i Shilitani %' <nite& 38# <S A :u&s an the e%i&en!e of ,uilt of 6A6 onl" is 1' +n"oneH whether 5n&i%i&ualH !orporation or of the +nti*$raft an& Corrupt Pra!ti!es +!t a,ainst M appointe& :" the Presi&ent of the Philippines pausi:l" ar,ue that the Ci%il Ser%i!e Co ission si0t" per !ent ()0N) of the re?uire& 3)#' 1)an& 7 /& 2& )22' 8) !orporation 2 1231 is (19)))' +lsoH stron,H petitioner faile& to Ct e0haust asso!iationH ?ualifie& to a!?uire lan&s in is was file& with the :u&s an' pri%ate 5 to e&iatel" after ser%in, at her pleasureH as !on!urrent Presi&ential has inferre& his ,uiltA fro his refusal answer to :e owne& :" Filipino !iti=ens for ititte& to ?ualif" to ,i%en a&e?uate i e&ies' unit" the State a" plainl" insist a& inistrati%e re 6A6 a& he file& also ?ualifie& to a!?uire pu:li! lan&s the taDin, !o,ni=an!e of the !ase the in affi&a%its +ssistant for Politi!al the Affi!e of the %iolation of the ConstitutionL W3NQ an& a!?uire pri%ate lan&s' that e plo"ees either +ffairs answer in ?uestions un&er oath no otion for re!onsi&erationH :ut onl" :e!ause Philippines' P2NQ su: itte& to hi H the A :u&s an or&ere& the Presi&entH without a&&itional !o pensation' a:out the suspen&in, perfor an!e theiri ;o: e&iatel" or suffer the loss the or&er hi of was pre%enti%e suspension of M pen&in, preli inar" of e plo" ent'C 2' + on reli,ious !orporation is ?ualifie& t e0e!utor"' Shoul& the otion to &is iss :e 3' SupposeH other han&H hesuspension answers the in%esti,ation' Mthe ?uestione& the or&erH 2' 5 a,ree' + forei,n !orporation !an lease pri%ate o ha%e lan&s in the Philippines on whi!h it a" 5s MBs onl" appoint ent %ali&L (2N) ,rante& or an& notL!annot -is!uss :riefl"' (2N) ?uestion an& on the the :asis of his answersH he is lan&s lease pu:li! lan&' <n&er !onten&in, that A :u&s an !an onl" suspen& :uil& 5ts !hur!h an& aDe other i pro%e ents foun& ,uilt" an& is &is isse&' Can he plausi:l" S<$$/S3/Se!tion 2H +rti!le +NS6/1: M55 of the ConstitutionH the pre%enti%el" su:or&inate e plo"ees in his own pro%i&e& these are is a!tuall"H &ire!tl" an& assert that his &is issal :ase& on !oer!e& e0plorationH &e%elop ent an& utili=ation of pu:li! offi!e' 3' >es An, !an ar,ue his %ali&H &is issal was :ase& 3he appoint ent of Mthat is throu,h not :e!ause the e0!lusi%el" use& S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: !onfessionL 53NQfor reli,ious purposes' P2NQ lan&s a" :e un&ertaDen !o*pro&u!tion' on !oer!e& !onfession' 5n $arrit" %s' New >erse"H position of Presi&ential +ssistant for Politi!al 9' 3he otion to &is iss shoul& :e &enie&' Sin!e >oint %enture or pro&u!tion*sharin, a,ree ents 3' + reli,ious +NS6/1: !orporation !annot lease pri%ate S<$$/S3/382 <'S' 200H the+rti!le <nite& States Supre 5s M !orre!tL /0plain' +ffairs is Filipino a#93H pu:li! offi!e' 5M*9 Se!tion 7 of e the of -ire!tor was onl"suspension with !iti=en or 6A6 !orporations or lan&s 5n the Philippines' P2NQ Court hel&: e0e!utor"H C6epro%i&es now he hol& the prote!tion of the the Constitution that no ele!ti%e offi!ial i e&iatel" woul& ha%e suffere& 1' NoH An, !annot refuse to answer the ?uestion asso!iations whi!h are at least si0t" per !ent S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: in&i%i&ual un&er the Fourteenth + en& in ent #' + reli,ious !an a!?uire pri%ate shall :e eli,i:le for appoint ent or &esi,nation irrepara:le in;ur" ha& he trie& to e0haust on the ,roun&!orporation that he woul& in!ri inate hi selfH owne& :" Filipino !iti=en' a,ainst !oer!e& state ents offi!e prohi:its use in NoH lan&s M in is the not Philippines !orre!t' +s hel& pro%i&e& in 9uenase&a all its e %s' :ers an" !apa!it" to an" pu:li! or position a& inistrati%e re e&ies :efore filin, a petition in sin!e the law ,rants hi i unit" an& prohi:its su:se?uent !ri of inal pro!ee&in,s of state ents Fla%ierH are !iti=ens 22) of SC1+ the Philippines' )#2' un&er P2NQ Se!tion 2# of &urin, his tenure' +s hel& in Flores !ourt (<ni%ersit" the Philippines 9oar& of the use a,ainst hi in a !ri inal prose!ution of o:taine& un&er of 2)8 re )82 o%al fro sin!e offi!eH an an& 1epu:li! +!t No' )770H the A :u&s :" an %' -rilonH 223 threat SC1+ (1993)H 1e,ents %' 1asulH 200 SC1+ P199109esi&esH the on" or e%i&en!e pro&u!e& hi!an ' +s 2' +testi forei,n !orporation !an onl" lease pri%ate that it e0ten&s to is allH ineli,i:le whether the" are poli!e en or pla!e un&er pre%enti%e suspension an" offi!er ele!ti%e offi!ial for an appointi%e the ?uestion in%ol%e& is purel" le,al' (+=ar!on %' state& :" the <nite& States Supre e Court in lan&s in the Philippines' P2NQ other e his :ers of the 3)2 :o&" politi!'C un&er his &is!iplinar" authorit" pen&in, an positionH appoint ent is not %ali&' 9una,anH 399 SC1+ P2003Q)' 9rown %s' 6alDer' 1)1 <'S' 291H 297H what the S<$$/S3/in%esti,ation' 3he o +NS6/1: ent a !o self* plaint is file& !onstitutional prohi:ition a,ainst P-b i" O##i"e5 P-b i" Tr-%t 619987 with the A :u&s anH the respon&ent is un&er O+b-d%+an5 Po1er6199?7 to In*e%tigate 6899:7 Retire+ent &ene#it%

SU22ESTE! for &o of li the ite& ;u&i!ial ain' pu:li! to<n&er Filipino !onfir &o ANS4ER5 Se!tion ain' !iti=ensH ation 5t is 7H ofaliena:le +rti!le its sa%e title inM55 o%er !ases an& often the 1987 a!!i&ent Se!tion !orporation +!!or&in, 7H without to +rti!le in%ol%in, Aani'a lea%in, M55 Prince of te!hni!al the a last Constitution @o+e' will an& /. an& finan!ial testa a,ainst ent' 2) 3he -ee& of Sale !annot :e annulle&' +s hel& he!tares of:" ConstitutionH &isposa:le pres!ri:e& lan&' ti an law' :er alien >oel lan&s' @ere an& !an the 3he a!?uire 8i!helle treat" !o pu:li! pan" has a!?uire& the :ou,ht lan& for!e the :" theChees assistan!e 3o/ern0en+ a!?uisition for 7er/ice the of pri%ate e0ploration Ins*rance lan&s an& :" 7ys+e0 aliens' e0ploitation H 2)7 of in an %s' 5nter e&iate +ppellate CourtH OesH an alien !an :e a lessee of pri%ate the here&itar" ri,hts of law' lan& of fro their su!!ession' pre&e!essors*in*interest CMC who in <n&er turn inherite& Se!tion 8H it :" fro +rti!le %irtue his M55 of SC1+ ineralsH #08H :ut the there national shoul& patri :e no on" >oint refers %enture' notalienH 193 SC1+ 93' to a!!or& to >ohn S ithH an a,ri!ultural lan&' +s state& in Gri%enDo %s' NowH 2) 9e!ause M :rou,ht of the suit naturali=ation to re!o%er of the Peter lan& Co on as the a father of the the sale 1987 COC' to 3he the ConstitutionH latter ' ha& a :een natural*:orn in openH Philippine Se!tion onl" to our 2H +rti!le natural M55 resour!es of &e!isi%e the Constitution :ut also authori=es our the ri,ht to ha%e a %ote to as to the (2) +rt' M55' Se!' 10 pro%i&es that Con,ress shall Filipino 1e,ister of -ee&s of 8anilaH 79 Phil' #)1 (19#7)H ,roun& that !iti=enH 9H :ein, he !an an alienH e0er!ise wasthe not option ?ualifie& to notoriousH !iti=en who pu:li! lost his an& Philippine !ontinue& !iti=enship possessiona" of :e the the !ultural Presi&ent herita,e' enter into a,ree ents with &isposition of to the lan& woul& per it an in&ire!t >oel an& 8i!helle !an ha%e the lan& re,istere& reser%e to !iti=ens of the Philippines or in to pur!hase aliens !an lease pri%ate a,ri!ultural lan&H to :u" thethe lan& lan&' when 5n 9 a!!or&an!e an& + ;ointl" with :ou,ht the rulin, the Nationa i)ed A"ti*itie% 6199;7 lan& a transferee sin!e 1922' of pri%ate An what lan&' %ali& 3he ,roun&s "oun,er !an sister of forei,n*owne& !orporations in%ol%in, te!hni!al or !ontro%ersion of the !onstitutional prohi:ition their na the" es'or 3he" weretenatural*:orn Filipino !orporations asso!iations at leastri,hts )0N of the in :e!ause are ,rante& porar" onl" lan& Oap fro%s'hi $ra,e&aH an& thatH 121 upon SC1+ the 2##' &eath sin!e of CH he the is the hus:an& of 8aria is not a!?uirin, the pri%ate finan!ial assistan!e for of the e0plorationH a,ainst the a!?uisition pri%ate lan&s :" aliens' 1) $i%e a :usiness a!ti%it" the e?uit" of whi!h !iti=ens at the ti e of their a!?uisition of the lan&' !apital of whi!h is owne& :" su!h !iti=ens !ertain an& this is not prohi:ite& :" the Constitution' lan& wasto ?ualifie& inherite& own lan&H :"the hispoli!" parents to preser%e :ut 9 !annot lan&s lan& :" here&itar" su!!ession :ut :" sale' Neither &e%elop entH an& utili=ation of inerals' @owe%erH "ouH as Soli!itor $eneralH appli!ationL oppose the ust :e owne& :" Filipino !iti=ens: 5n an" of e%ent the" were Filipino at the areas in%est ent' 3here !an !iti=ens :e no ?uestion le,all" for Filipinos a!?uire willan&Ior :e a!hie%e&' inherit it' is she a for er natural*:orn Philippine !iti=en who the sa e pro%ision states the ;oint %enture for the ANS4ER: +s Soli!itor $eneralH oppose the ti e as of to their of the lan&'5 !an 3heir then the a!?uisition %ali&it" of the Nationali=ation of a) &e%elop at!ase least )0N @ow shoul& the :e &e!i&e&L 5f M of file& the lost her Philippine !iti=enship' Conse?uentl"H e0plorationH ent an& utili=ation natural :e!o in, Cana&ian su:se?uentl" is 1etail 3ra&e 7awH the!iti=ens !onstitutionalit" of whi!h Citi)en%'i$ ReF-ire+ent inonl" 0anage+ent o# suit a,ainst a" C :e when the latter was ali%eH neither of the e0!eptions foun& in the a:o%e* resour!es un&ertaDen withstill Filipino Nationa E"ono+y B Patri+ony5 :) o# at least 70N Land%5 Citi)en%'i$ i%%-e 6199A7 i aterial' +rti!le M55H Se!' 8 Con%tit-tiona of the 1987 was sustaine& in 5!hon, %' @ernan&e=H 101 Phil' A"F-i%ition a++lication )o con)i "ation o)totitle Ad*erti%ing Ind-%try 619897 entione& pro%isions is appli!a:le her' on t'e woul& "our answer :e the eL 6h"L at (2N) !iti=ensH or !orporations orsa asso!iations least Pro'ibition 9' that /+P is a ,o%ern Constitution presupposes the" pur!hase& 1122 (1927)6899;7 e%en 68<b7 in the a:sen!e of a sient ilar !) g ound t'at unde A t. HII& #ec. ? ti"*e si0t" per !ent of100N whose !apital is owne& :" Filipino !orporation !reate& for Filipino theto purpose of re!lai in, SU22ESTE! ' 11: (2) 8a" ANS4ER: a forei,ner who owns su:stantial the lan& after the" !iti=enship' 5t &oes e0press ,rant of lost power Con,ress un&er the No No 11; 5n >une 1978 spouses >oel an& 8i!helle land% cannot *e alienated. T'e uling in !iti=en' $i%e two !ases in whi!h aliens en,a,e& a" :e allowe& lan&s in!lu&in, an&Con,ress su: er,e& areasH as 2) sto!Dhol&in,s in a !orporation in the not appl" in thisforeshore !ase at all' 1932 Constitution' +lthou,h !an repeal M !annot re!o%er pur!hase& a par!el the lan& of whether lan&' 7ot fro No' C or 1#3H + Di ecto o) Land% ,. IAC& @7B #CRA 2I6 to a!?uire e?uit" in a sit :usiness :ut of !annot well as to &e%elopH i it pro%eH a!?uireH lease an& sell a&%ertisin, in&ustr" as a a!ti%it" treasurer sai& or a en& su!h lawH a" not :e a en&e& :" a (2) NoH 8aria :u" the a&;oinin, par!el of an& 9' <n&er +rti!le 5EH Se!tion 1 area (2) of Ca&astral Sur%e" No' 38*-H with an of the )00 1@6AB4& and !annot Di ecto o) Land% ,& BengDon& parti!ipate in the ent thereofL an" an& Din&s lan&s' + law22 was passe& !orporationL Cite ana,e the !onstitutional pro%ision in treat" in all %iew of of +rt' M55H Se!' whi!h &e!lares lan&' <n&er Se!tion 2 of @6A>& 9atas Paeite :ansa 9l,' ConstitutionH s?uare eters C for is atheir Filipino resi&en!e !iti=en in sin!e CaintaH his father 1i=alH No. 27I72& July 5A& ated in A"F-i%ition o# Land%5 Pro'ibition5 a"F-i%ition transferrin, title to /+P of lan&s alrea&" re!lai e& o# in point' a!ts of !ir!u %ent or ne,ate an" pro%isions of this 182H a natural*:orn Philippine !iti=en who ic lostCo.& his E,$ro$riation o# :" P-b i" Uti itie% 619987 is a Filipino' 6hen + an& 9an& &onate& the lan& to fro Ce!ille who herself her pre&e!essor* Di ecto o) Land% ,. =anila Elect $ri*ate by a ien% the foreshore an& offshore of 88 9a"H an& +rt' M55 and% to :e ini i!al 6199;7 toareas national interest S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: Philippine a" a!?uire onl" up t'e to CH it :e!a ha& in*interest e propert" :een of ina openH Filipino pu:li!H !iti=en'pea!efulH +s hel& G.R& No. !iti=enshipH 2>7B@& #e+t. @@& @6A>& to No' 11 * 3he Philippine Co o&ities Affi!e parti!ularl" the offen&ers so*!alle& 7i:ert" 5slan&sH as aliena:le su:;e!t the to !ri inal an& !i%il No '18; >ohn ithH+o aof <S nationalH was arrie& to 1H000 s?uare pri%ate lan&' Sin!e in @alili %' Court of +ppealsH 287 SC1+ !ontinuous an& e0!lusi%e possession of #)2 the e))ect t'at S a eters co ation i%ur:an entitled to t'e 1) a) +t least si0t" per !ent ()0N) of Constitution the e?uit" Se!tion 11(1)H +rti!le ME5 of the 1987 (PCA)H a ,o%ern ent a,en!"H wishes to esta:lish an& &isposa:le lan&sthen of the pu:li! &o ain' 3itles san!tions' For the 1etail 3ra&e Petra &e >esusH a Filipino !iti=enH on >une 2H 8aria has pre%iousl" a!?uire& a par!el of lan& (1998)H propert" the un&er sale a of :ona lan& to fi&e an alien !lai !an of ownership no lon,er con)i "ation o) i"+e )ect title to land% the entities en,a,e& in fa0 the followin, :usiness pro%i&es; a &ire!t !o puter an& linDup with tra&in, were &ul" issue&7aw in /+PBs na es e' part of +rt' M55H of Nationali=ation :e!o 1980' 3wo (2) "ears laterH Petra pur!hase& with aned area of etersH she !an no a :e annulle& it has :een !on%e"e& to a ti Filipino lon, :efore if 12 >une 19#2' +t the e of acCui *y it1H000 ) o"s?uare + i,ate indi,idual% !'o ust :e in owne& :" Filipino !iti=ens the !enters the <nite& States' 3heun&er a&%an!e& ha%in, :een passe& pursuant to the an&ate in (2) NoH a forei,ner who owns shares of sto!D in a par!el of resi&ential lan& fro >ose Cru= usin, her lon,er pur!hase an" a&&itional par!el of ur:an !iti=en' pur!haseH Sin!e the C spouses left no will >oel an& an& his parents 8i!helle are were his 'a,e +o%%e%%ed t'e %a"e )o ?I yea %& Constitution' te!hnolo," of a pri%ate !o pan"H Philippine Pa!ifi! Se!' 10' !orporation en,a,e& in the a&%ertisin, in&ustr" own fun&s' 3he -ee& of Sale states that the lan& lan&' heirsH in a!!or&an!e with +rti!le M55H Se!tion 7 of then natural :orn Filipino !iti=ens' unde *ona )ide clai" o) o!ne %'i+& )o t'e 3ele!o uni!ationsH is ne!essar" for that 1 Co*pro&u!tionH >oint %entureH !annot ser%e as treasurer the !orporationH for a was sol& to CPetra arrie& to >ohn S ithC an& the ConstitutionH 9 !an in a!?uire the lan&or :" ea%on t'at %uc' +e %on% aa e + e%u"ed +lternati%e Su:se?uentl"H +nswer: /+P entere& into ;oint %enture to purpose :ut ne,otiations :etween the parties ha%e pro&u!tion*sharin, a,ree ent with the @owe%erH it a" also :e plausi:l" ar,ue& that a treasurer is an e0e!uti%e or ana,in, offi!er' was re,istere& as su!h' 6ith the Dnowle&,e of here&itar" su!!ession' 'a,e )o "ed all condition% e%%ential a,ree +e ent (>E+) with +15H a pri%ate forei,n to a 5n Fe:ruar" 1987 the spouses an appli!ation faile&' 3he 1epu:li!H in :ehalffile& of the PCAH State for the e0plorationH &e%elop entH files OesH she !an Petra a!?uire a&;a!ent lan& whi!h has treat" a" a en& a inistere& prior law an& treat" of >ohn S ithH a&the the lan&H leasin, go,e n"ent g ant and& t'e e)o e& a e for re,istration of their title :efore the proper !ourt' !orporationH to &e%elop 7i:ert" 5slan&s' suit to !o pel the tele!o uni!ations !o an& utili=ation of natural resour!es pan" to an area ofto #00 s?uare eters sin!e the law li its frien&shipH !o it"i%%uance an& !o er!e with 5n&onesia parts thereof to se%eral in&i%i&uals' 3hree (3) entitled t'e o) athe ce ti)icate o) 11(2)H +rti!le of the 1987 +&&itionall"H the >E+ pro%i&e& for re!la ation 3his ti Se!tion e howe%er >oel an& ME5 8i!helle were no e0e!ute a !ontra!t with PCA for PCABs a!!ess (Se!tion 2H +rti!le M55) o# Land%5 Citi)en%'i$ i%%-e 619897 a!?uisition of lan&s to 1H000 s?uare eters a" :e &ee e& to ha%e !reate& an e0!eption in A"F-i%ition "ears laterH PetraH without the Dnowle&,e of after >ohn title& only to ag icultu al land%. Constitution pro%i&es: lon,er Filipino !iti=ens' 3he ,o%ern ent oppose& of 220a++lie% he!tares of su: er,e& lan& in the area an& use of the !o pan"Bs fa!ilities' 2 Aperation of a pu:li! utilit" loss of Philippine the Nationali=ation of!iti=enship' 1etail in fa%or of S ithH sol& the lan& to 3ra&e -a%i& 7aw Pere=' <pon surroun&in, 7i:ert" 5slan&s' /+P a,ree& to sell their appli!ation for re,istration alle,in, that the" C3he (Se!tion parti!ipation 11H +rti!le of M55) forei,n in%estors in A"F-i%ition o# Land% 689997 5n&onesian !iti=en' learnin, of the transa!tionH >ohn S ith file& a No' 1: not 8ariaH a natural*:orn Filipino !iti=enH ha%e a!?uire& proprietar" ri,hts o%erwent the an& transfer to +15 a portion of 7i:ert" 5slan&s an& the 3 ,o%ernin, /&u!ation :o&" (Se!tion of entities #(2)H +rti!le in what su!h -e!i&e' 5f the !ase will not prosperH !ase to annul the -ee&7i of H Sale' Citin, +rt' 1)0 of No ME555' a) +n&" an ethni! ChineseH to the <nite& in 19)2 worD as a nurse' a portion of*the area to :e re!lai e& as the su:;e!t lot States :e!ause of to their su:se?uent A"F-i%ition o# Land%5 Citi)en%'i$ i%%-e 6199;7 in&ustr" M5E) :e li 1epu:li!L ite& to their E,$ oration and o$+ent o# 0inera % alternati%e will "ou shall propose to the the he!e*e ar,ue& that 1932' sai& sale was :e!aCi%il e aCo&eH naturali=e& 9ut later 6ith her sa%in,sH she :ou,ht a par!el of lan& a!?uisition of Cana&ian !iti=enshipH an& that !onsi&eration for +15Bs Filipino role an&in parti!ipation in the proportionate share in the !apital thereofH 6199;7 without hisFilipino !onsentH the propert" :ein, !on;u,al he lost his when he :e!a ea S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: !onsistin, of 1H000 s?uare eters a resi&ential ;oint %entureH upon !iti=enship appro%al :" the Affi!e of the unre,istere& lan&s are presu e&into :e pu:li! an& all the e0e!uti%e an& ana,in, as it was pur!hase& at the he was to 17: lease& resi&ential lan& No ' 11: 5n the 9 &esire totitheir i epro%e the arrie& fishin, !iti=en of + Cana&a in 1971' 6antin, the :est of su:&i%ision 8etro 8anila' ha& the sai& lan&s un&er in the prin!iple that She lan&s of whate%er Presi&ent' 5san& there an" !onstitutional o:sta!le to 3he a!tion offi!ers will of not su!h prosper' entities +s hel& ust :e in !iti=ens 1epu:li! ofof Petra' @e of presente& thein-ee& of Sale e0e!ute& !onsistin, one thousan& (1H000) etho&s of the fisher enH the of :oth worl&sH he :ou,htH 1987H a s?uare resi&ential lot propert" title& in her nato e the in 1970' 5n >ul"H 1972H the sale an& transfer :" /+P to +15 of 9ureau :oth eters !lassifi!ation :elon, State un&er the the P-i'ippines the Philippines'C /s. P-i'ippine Long ;is+ance :" Petra CoH statin, that she is er!ial arrie& to >ohn S fift" ith' to Peter a Chinese !iti=enH for a perio& of FisheriesH with the a appro%al of lot the Presi&entH in For:es ParD an& !o in 9inon&o' 8aria a!?uire& + eri!an !iti=enship :" 1e,alian &o!trineH hen!eH the" still pertain to the portions as pro%i&e& for in the >E+L (2N) Te'ep-one Co0panyH 2) SC1+ )20H parties !annot @e wants to re!o%er at least his !on;u,al share' (20) "ears' 5n a 1992H ter of theent lease entere& into e :efore oran&u of a,ree to +re these sales %ali&L 6h"Lthe (3N) naturali=ation' 3wo onths laterH she arrie& her State' Engage+ent in enter &-%ine%% E,er"i%e o# :e !o pelle& to into a B !ontra!t' @owe%erH e0pire&' Co asDe&en + an& 9 to !on%e" lan& allow 3hai fisher to fish within 200 the iles froto Cana&ian :o"frien&' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: @ow will Pro#e%%ion "ou 619877 resol%e issues raise& thethe sin!e un&er Se!tionthe 18H +rti!le M55:"of 1) S<$$/S3/>ohn S !ontra!t ith +NS6/1: entitle& to on his shareL hi 5s as the ,a%e hi!on;u,al option to the Philippine sea !oasts the the !on&ition that (1) Can 8aria sell thisa" par!el of full"' lan& to pu:li! appli!ants an&%ali&l" the oppositorL -is!uss ConstitutionH the State e0propriate No' 5M: 3he Philippine entere& into a 3reat" of NoH the sales are:e not %ali&' <n&er Se!tion 8H 9' +15 !annot ahe portion ofuse 7i:ert" 5slan&s pur!hase sai&a!?uire lan& ifallowe& :e!a e a 3hai naturali=e& Filipino fisher en to fishin, the "oun,er sister of her hus:an& who is also a pel utilitiesH the 1epu:li! of the Philippines a" !o +rti!le M55 ofan& the Co ConstitutionH onl" a natural*:orn Frien&shipH Co it" an& Co er!e with 5n&onesia :e!auseH althou,h /+P has title to 7i:ert" Filipino !iti=en' tooD his oath as a 5slan&s Filipino e?uip ent %esselsH an& to learn o&ern 2) 8a" the -ee& of Sale e0e!ute& :" Petra 5n Cana&ian !iti=enL the Philippine Pa!ifi! 3ele!o uni!ations to allow ANS4ER: with the followin, pro%isions: ofsu!h the Philippines who lost his&isposa:le Philippine an& thus lan&s are an& !iti=en in 1991' te!hnolo," in fishin, an&aliena:le !annin,' fa%or of -a%i& Pere= :e annulle&L a!!ess to its fa!ilities' 5f the 1epu:li! of the (2) Supposin, 8ariaBs hus:an& &ies an& she !iti=enship a" a!?uire pri%ate lan&' Sin!e +n&" lan&H the" !annot :e sol&H onl" lease&H to pri%ate (1 3he ent nationals of to ea!h !ontra!tin, State 6as !ontra!t of lease for a perio& of fift" 3he) ar,u of the title ,o%ern ent that unre,istere& 1) 5s the the a,ree ent %ali&L Philippines !an taDe the fa!ilities of Philippine ANS4ER: &e!i&es to resi&e in the Philippines per anentl"H 7i was a for erportion naturali=e& he !orporations' 3he of theFilipino area to !iti=enH :e a& itte& to the pra!ti!e law :" in sai& to (20) "ears %ali& !onsi&erin, that the lessee was lan&s are3ele!o presu e&uni!ations to :eof pu:li! lan&s is StateH utterl" Pa!ifi! its power 2) Suppose the istransferre& for a ;oint to %enture !an 8aria :u" the par!el of lan& !onsistin, of #00 of is not ?ualifie& to a,ree a!?uire pri%ate lan&s' re!lai e& !annot :e sol&ent an& +15 1) >ohn S ith is not entitle& to his !on;u,al pra!ti!e law without taDin, the :ar e0a inations un eritorious' +s hel& in 1epu:li! %s' Court of use an NoH alienL e0propriationH there is no reason wh" it !annot s?uare eters nei,h:orin, her ownL on the sa esea:e& area with a 3hai oil lan& !orporation :e!ause the is inaliena:le of the for share in the lan&' Firstl"H sin!e it was a!?uire& +ppeals' in the other 232 !ontra!tin, SC1+ State' in a!!or&an!e with upon su!h power to i 2)2H pose onl" a :ur&en 2) 6hat is the the naturali=ation of 1987 Peter the e0ploration an& of e0ploitation of ofinerals with pu:li! &o ain'effe!t (Se!tion 3H +rti!le M55 the with the personal fun&s of Petra &e >esusH in Se!tion #8 Pa!ifi! of the Pu:li! 7an& uni!ation +!tH sin!ewithout the Philippine 3ele!o loss (2) 3he nationals of ea!h !ontra!tin, State to Co as a Filipino !iti=en on the %ali&it" of the the 3hai !orporation pro%i&in, te!hni!al an& Constitution; Cha%e= %' Pu:li! /states +uthorit"H ANS4ER: pre&e!essors*in* interest of >oel an& 8i!helle ha& a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in 8irasol %s' 7i H 29 of title' A"F-i%ition o# P2002Q)' Land% by S-""e%%ion en,a,e in retail tra&e :usiness in the territor" of option to assistan!e' pur!hase ,i%en hiHereditary L finan!ial 5s the a,ree ent %ali&L 38# SC1+ 122 :een in openH pu:li!H pea!efulH !ontinuous an& Phil' 701H the presu ption that the propert" is (1) NoH 8aria !annot State' %ali&l" sell the par!el of lan& 689987 the other !ontra!tin, ANS4ER: has :een re:utte&' Se!on&l"H a e0!lusi%e possession of the lan& un&er a :ona fi&e !on;u,al to the "oun,er sister of her hus:an& who is a No M5' * +H a that Filipino !iti=enH his entitle& wife 9H a to a 5s the treat" %ali&L +NS6/1; !lai of Lea%e o# ownership Pri*ate Agri"lon, :efore t-ra >une Land% 12' 689917 19#2H &e!laration >ohn S an& ith is Cana&ian !iti=en' <n&er Se!tion 7H +rti!le M55 of 1) +s hel& in Philippine 9anDin, 619997 Corporation %s' Nationa Patri+ony5 de#inition >apanese nationalH fi%e*he!tare their pre&e!essors* in*interest ha& a!?uire& the !on;u,al share in:ou,ht the a lan& will %iolate the S<$$/S3/the 1987 as a ,eneral ruleH aliens 7ui She' SC1+ 22H the lease of a in par!el of 1) No' 21 Anl" Filipinos a" fish e0!lusi%e No 5E * ConstitutionH + is +NS6/1: an alien' State whetherH in the a,ri!ultural lan& MH a !on%e"an!e Filipino !iti=en' 3he No M55 * 6hat is fro eant :" National Patriofon"L lan&H :e!ause the" were !on!lusi%el" presu e& to prohi:ition a,ainst the pri%ate !annot a!?uire sin!e pursuant to lan& with option to :u" to an alien is a %irtual A"F-i%ition o# pri%ate Land% lan& 619877 e!ono i!an =one''' PhilippinesH he: 3he is %ali&' !oupleto later e0e!ute& &ee& of Patri &onation o%er the /0plain the !on!ept ofa National on"L (2N) ha%etreat" perfor e& all !on&itions essential to a lan&s aliens e :o&ie& in Se!tion 7H +rti!le M55 Se!tion 2H in relation to Se!tion 3H +rti!le M55H of transfer of ownership to the alien an& falls within sa the e lan& in fa%or of enter their onl" + "ear of a) a8ar!h lessee of a pri%ate a,ri!ultural lan&H 2) 3he Presi&ent !an into !hil& a eC'oran&u No'Can ME: :e An 1H 1987H C+9CC CorporationH ,o%ern ent ,rant' 3he lan& !ease& to :e a part of Constitution' (1) M55H Se!' 1# pro%i&es that the pra!ti!e the +rt' 1987 Constitution the" are not ?ualifie& to of the s!ope of the prohi:ition in laterH howe%erH (3N) a,ree ent withC a &ie& 3hai in oil%ehi!ular a !o pan" en,a,e& in the e0port tra&eH applie& all professions the Philippines shall :e a!?uire or hol& in lan&s of the pu:li! S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1:

No O1ner%'i$ !onne!tion S<$$/S3/in a!!or&an!e ' 1) 18: 1 @u 3in,H with C5t ReF-ire+ent an 3he awith +NS6/1; (the stu&ent 1i,htsH a,rarian State law' State) $'1' of shall 3husH refor 9an,Derohan o# shall No' esta:lishH 0a%% a Hlaw 9))81H lan&s e?uall" 0edia !annot &e%ote& <ni%ersit"H -e!e aintain prote!t 619897 totall" :er to an& support a!onse?uent the 3he State (!) a!a&e o!!upants to preferen!e i! alle%iate free&o to %a!ate the of ,i%en &an,er pli,ht an the institution to the stru!tures the life poor un&erpri%ile,e& an& of hi,her liwithin anBs !annot son fi%e is For S<$$/S3/these reasonsH +NS6/1: 5toof woul& 3he law a&%ise is:%ali& the as su!h prohi:it was ,i%en purposes !o2H the pleteH 1991) a ri,ht failin, were a&e?uateH to striDe ,ra&e not in!lu&e&' :ut an& :" !an Professor inte,rate& onl" @owe%erH re,ulate s"ste the of e&u!ation the life of the other an& the life 8ahi,pit' of:oth the &a"s :" learnin, re un&er fro o%in, :e in!lu&es noti!eH i,nore&' 5ne?uitiesH the otherwise 5t free&o is para&o0i!al it si %eto the" pl" to &eter woul& a&e that a :e ine a ,eneral ri,ht e%i!te& who if asso!iation ;ustifie&' Not +rti!le to worD onl" M55H for is Se!tion the se 2 of inar" the the 1987 :ill entitle& an&H to 3he position of the -epart ent of Pu:li! 6orDs the law e0er!ise rele%ant an& thereof' the toi Professor the @is ple nee&s proposal entin, of the or&er to :an people are striDes an& so!iet"' PSe!tion 3in, un:orn !onfronte& fro !on!eption'C 8ahi,pit (Se!tion at 12H the +rti!le !orri&or an& poli!" a" relo!ate& tea!hH &e!laration whi!h what is an& !lai an& their a" e& :e fo!use& shanties to tau,htH ha%e on how re :een so!ial o%e&H it%iolate& shall an& :eis !hoose who it will a& it a:e!ause it in en;o"s it is not ConstitutionH %etoe& :ut the :e!o e0plorationH es lawH &e%elop to !hallen,e entH No' @i,hwa"s 11: (1) + &o !orporation with 30N an& an& of esti! the lo!al ,o%ern ent unit is !onstitutional totall" 2(1)Q in the Su:i! insofar Spe!ial as the" /!ono in!lu&e& an& fishpon&s' after !lass an& a heate& ar,u ent i! ensue&' Cooler or&er e!ono tau,htH that an& one i!utili=ation ine?uitiesH the who that par!el !annotH a" of :e lan& in a&the !oul& itte& firstto :e pla!eH stu&"' !on%erte& e%en :e 55) it institutional in !ourt' an& autono of " natural (+rt' M5EH resour!es Se!' 2(2) shall ):e :ut forei,n +s e?uit" proposes to pu:lish a weeDl" !orre!t' hel& in /0port Pro!essin, .one Labor5 Rig't to Se #<Organi)ation 619887 3he &efinition Freeport 2 pre%ente& .one 3he of isH a,ri!ultural State therefore shall un!onstitutional' lan& esta:lish whi!h an& the aintain a s"ste of into a 9e!ause parD in%oDe&H offor a!a&e pu:li! if it i! isH use free&o in an& fa!tH en;o" e0tant' Hsuper%ision an is institution ent' 9ase& 3he of hea&s the %er:al war en&in, in ph"si!al the !hoi!e a&e in this !ase a wise an& un&er the full !ontrol an& of on the 2) 3he State re!o,ni=es the role a,a=ine for ,eneral !ir!ulation in 1i,htsH 8etro 8anila :) 5n the 1987 ConstitutionH so!ial >usti!e is +uthorit" %' Co ission on @u an 208of Constitutional free pu:li! Co e&u!ation ission a&opte& the!a elein!lu&e& entar" hi,h s!hool inha:itants hi,her learnin, the !ir!u of the !an par!el stan!es refuse of o:tainin, to lan& re*enroll !othe plaine& inState a this stu&ent to the !onfrontation' 8ahi,pit leftin the pus an&an& went ;u&i!ious State' one' 5t is also 3he pro%i&e& ri!h anBs that son ha& :een a" No ' wo 2:will 9e!ause of pro%ision the arDe& in!rease inthe the !on!eptuali=e& as a set of spe!ifi! e!ono i!H en in nation*:uil&in,H an& shall whi!h feature the lifest"les of the ri!h ensure an& SC1+122 (1992)H no in the Constitution Labor5 Rig't to StriIe 619887 fishpon&s' le%els' PSe!tion Co is who ission a!a&e instan!eH on i!all" @u the &efi!ient an C@1 1i,hts or&er or ur,in, who for &e has that %iolate& the shoppin, 5n a &epart 2(2)Q ent store' 3in, saw 8ahi,pit e0pelle& fro another s!hool :e!ause of &ire!tl" un&ertaDe su!h a!ti%ities orolition it a"&o in!i&en!e of la:or striDes an& of worD stoppa,es +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: thelaw fun&a ental e?ualit" :efore the law an of in so!ial an& !ultural ri,hts' fa ous' 8a" this :e Cite the !onstitutional or an" !onfers on&oneL the Co ission on @u State shall esta:lish of 8a"or the rules of not (ue=on fall &is!ipline' within Cit"the +!a&e :e !o stoppe& part i! free&o fro ent &oin, hu ,rants an& 3 without 3he an" warnin, aule& an& the aintain latter' a s"ste a!a&e enter i!of into &elin?uen!"' !o*pro&u!tionH -espite ;oint %enture the of e!ono or ani! in&ustrial esta:lish entsH Con,ress inten&in, to No= 1: @earin,s :efore a !on,ressional !o ittee wo ;uris&i!tion en an& (Se!tion 1#H +rti!le 55) pro%ision in point' en'C 1i,hts to issue te porar" restrainin, 6hiles!holarship the Constitution ,uarantees to worDers !) 3he 1987 Constitutional pro%ision on so!ial stu&ent !o loan pro,ra sH the su:si&iesH an& what institutions heri,hts has of threatene& hi,her %iolations learnin, in%ol%in, towith &o' the 3he &is!retion !i%il Co an& ission politi!al to 8ahi,pit file& an ,rantsH a& inistrati%e plaint a,ainst a&%anta,e an& opportunit" he ha&H he still faile& sharin, a,ree ents Filipino !iti=ens or help pro ote in&ustrial pea!eH passe&H o%er the ha%e esta:lishe& that an" fir s at the 9ataan or&ers or writs of preli inar" in;un!tion' 3he S<$$/S3/Co++i%%ion +NS6/1: on Rig't%5 Po1er to ri,ht to en,a,e inH-+an pea!eful !on!erte& a!ti%itiesH other in!enti%es whi!h shall :e a%aila:le to &eser%in, ;usti!e in!lu&es all phases of )0N national on his for @u ulate ri,hts an rules 1i,htsH inten&e& foror after the ,rantin, :" !on&u!tin, the Constitution' of an (Si he on 3in, :efore the -ean of Stu&ents for :rea!h of in !orporations s!hool worDH asso!iationsH warrantin, a honors' at fin&in, least that o:;e!tions ofon ilitant la:or unionsH an;u&i!ial a en& ent /0port Pro!essin, .one ha& !lose& &own or Co ission @u an 1i,hts has no 3) C3he State shall prote!t worDin, in*e%tigate 619987 5n!lu&in, the ri,ht to striDeH su!h ri,ht !an onl" :e stu&ents inan& :oth pu:li! an& pri%ate s!hoolsH espe!iall" &e%elop toreall" 5t in!lu&es e!ono i!H politi!alH so!ial in%esti,ation 7iDewiseH %' ent' :e!ause Co an& ission fin&in, of a!a&e on that @uthe i! an free&o shanties 1i,htsH H an $'1' of han&H No' uni%ersit" rules re,ulations' 3he -ean set the !annot &o s!hool worD' An the other Filipino*owne&' (1) NoH the !orporation !annot pu:lish a weeDl" to the 7a:or Co&eH pro%i&in, that no person who is pulle& out :e!ause of unsta:le la:or !on&itions power' 5ts powers are erel" in%esti,ator"' wo :" pro%i&in, safe an& healthful e0er!ise& in a!!or&an!e with law' 3he phrase the en un&erpri%ile,e&' PSe!tion 2(3)Q petitioners an& institution !ultural 100120H of were ri,hts' hi,her >anuar" alrea&" learnin, 2H 199#) !an &e !lose olishe& a s!hool' :" !o plaint for hearin,' @owe%erH 3in, file&ofCin a the poor anBs son a" :ein, :e a!a&e i!all" &efi!ient No ' 12 *6alan, Su,atH a %i,ilante sin!e is en,a,e& in the ora,a=ine has :een a it e :er of the Co operation unist,roup Part" resultin, in so an" striDes' 3o re e&" the worDin, !on&itionsH taDin, into the a!!ount their a!!or&an!e # :efore with 3he State lawC shall was en!oura,e 5nserte& pre!isel" non*for alH to infor alor&ere& thenH the (ue=on Cit" 8a"or an& persons petition the 13C to prohi:it -ean an& pre!isel" as a result of po%ert" so that if relie%e& !o ofanpri%ate :usiness an& !i%i! a a"pose& ass e&ia an& isof not owne& :" in S<$$/S3/+NS6/1 Further oreH the Presi&ent a" enter into ser%e as offi!er an" wholl" la:oren or,ani=ation situation an& in;e!t %italit" to the e0port e0pansion aternal an& s"ste su!h fa!ulties an& 5n&i!ate an& that in&i,enous in in%esti,atin, so learnin, e e0!eptional !ases sH as well worDers as self*learnin,H 5 ple entin, his or&er to !ease fro in the s!hool frofun!tionsH hi !onten&in, that of itsa,ree effe!ts it is pro:a:le he an& will &esist &o :etter lea&ers pre%iousl" %i!ti i=e& Nationalist Philippine !iti=ens' ents forei,n*owne& !orporations the !ountr"' +n asso!iation of :" for the er NP+s (New pro,ra H so e with !on,ressional lea&ers an& 2' Calalan, %' 6illiashanties sH of et'wealth al'' 70 Phil' opportunities that will enhan!e their welfare in&epen&ent an& out*ofs!hool pro,ra parti!ularl" woul& not ha%e the ri,ht to striDe if itstu&" is prohi:ite& :" &e 5n olishin, petitionersB un&er pain of72)H the aulin, in!i&ent happene& outsi&e the s!hool s!hool' 3he &e o!rati=ation an& powerH Co++i%%ion on H-+an Rig't%5 Patrioti! +r (NP+) re:el ,roupHPo1er5 was i a%aile& pli!ate& in%ol%in, te!hni!al propose or finan!ial assistan!e for Peoples +r " ") who ha& surren&ere&H of :usiness e0e!uti%es that striDe*free Se!tion 11(1)H +rti!le ME5 of the their 1987 Constitution so!ial Awas ien Enro &efine& ee% as B Cneither !onor% !o 619997 unis (:);usti!e Can the C@1 issue an Cor&er &esistC or an& those ena:le that respon& the to to reali=e !o unit" full nee&sH potential PSe!tion 2W#WQ law' @en!eH the proposal to :an striDes totall" in the Ed-"ation5 !onte pt' pre ises an& thereforeH outsi&e s!hoolBs i pli!it in +rt' M555H Se!' 1H an& to ;ustifies Li+itation% 6>;<899A7 in the torture an& -r'the 8en,eleH a lar,e*s!ale e0plorationH &e%elop entH an&the a nest"H an& areDi&nappin, presentl" of lea&in, ?uiet an& e0port =ones :e esta:lishe&' pro%i&es; C3he ownership an& ana,e ent1#H of is nor restrainin, &espotis Hor&erL nor ato S<$$/S3/is H!ase' nor anar!h"H +NS6/1: :ut the 3he in2 the ser%i!e 3he State of the shall nation'C pro%i&e a&ult (Se!tion !iti=ensH the&e!ision Su:i! Spe!ial /!ono i! an& .one ;uris&i!tion' 3he s!hool an& theFreeport -ean the 1e!tor in this (2) S?uatters an& %en&ors ha%e put up answere& 55 utili=ation * ha%e C'of 6hat is to the rule on the nu :er 6hat "ou sa" on %ali&it" ofaliens the Dnown NP+ s" pathi=er' of ineralsH petroleu an&of other pea!eful li%esH !o es to "ou asDin, what !oul& :e No ass e&ia shall :e Se!urit" li ite& to !iti=ens of the -o "ou a" :elie%e that un&er the present C@1 ani=ation not of issue laws an an& Cor&er the to e?uali=ation &esistC or of &isa:le&H an& out*of*s!hool "outh with trainin, in hu !i%i!sH +rti!le M555) !onstitutional' (So!ial S"ste / plo"ees that the s!hool !an in%esti,ate 3in, sin!e his stru!tures in anthe area inten&e& for a PeopleBs ParDH a" of enroll in e&u!ational institutions in the a!tuation the Co issionto on @u an 1i,hts in ineral oilsH a!!or&in, ter s an& !on&itions &one a,ainst a en&onent' 6hat woul& "ou who :) -oes the%s' Coto ission an 1i,hts ha%e ConstitutionH it is le,all" possi:le to put up su!h a PhilippinesH or !orporationsH !ooperati%es or restrainin, or&er' !onstitutional pro%ision so!ial an& e!ono i! 3he for!es :" the State so that %o!ational effi!ien!" an&@u other sDills' PSe!tion +sso!iation Court of +ppealsH 172 SC1+ )8)H !on&u!t outsi&e s!hool hours an& e%en outsi&e of 2(2)Q whi!h are i asso!iation pe&in, theto flow of traffi! in the Philippines' $i%e the to the rule' 8a" relation to that of the (ue=on 8a"orL pro%i&e& :" law' +e0!eption state Cit" !orporationH unliDe a a&%ise the &oL /0plain' the power to in%esti,ate an& a&;u&i!ate the Ed-"ation5 A"ade+i" Freedo+ 619897 asso!iationsH wholl"*owne& an& ana,e& :" striDe*free e0port pro!essin, =one in the !ountr"L &ire!tin, the C@1 to pro%i&e for pre%enti%e ;usti!e in its rational an& o:;e!ti%el" se!ular ) 3he State shall taDe into a!!ount re,ional an& >ul" 28' 1989; 8anila Pu:li! S!hool 3ea!hers s!hool pre ises affe!t the welfare the s!hool; a&;oinin, hi,hwa"' 8a"or Cru= ,a%e of noti!e for the su!h pri%ate institutions a!!ept &onations fro :"forei,n !orporationH a" :e !reate& spe!ial atterL S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: 6h" or wh" notL su!h !iti=ens'C easures to those whose hu an ri,hts se!toral nee&s an& !on&itions an& shall en!oura,e !on!eption lo!al a" at least :e appro0i ate&' ha%e So!ial +sso!iation 7a,uioH 200 SC1+ an& further oreH !ase in%ol%es a (1991))' stu&ent an& ARTICLE /I( Ed-"ation3 stru!tures to%' :e rethe o%e&H an& the 323 area %a!ate& No' 9: 6hat &o un&erstan& a!a&e i! stu&ents un&er the"ou prete0t that su!h:" &onations law an& pla!e& un&er the !ontrol of the are S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: :een %iolate& or nee& prote!tion a" not :e plannin, in the &e%elop ent of e&u!ational poli!ies ;usti!e an& eans the pro otion of the welfare of all fa!ult" :er' 5f elseH "ou were the ;u&,eH how woul& S<$$/S3/+NS6/1; within a eonthH or fa!e &e olition an& S<$$/S3/free&o L to :u" +NS6/1: 3he a!tuation of e?uip the to Co ission on @u an to :ePresi&entH use& ent an& i pro%e s!hool S"ien"e and Te"'no ogy3 Art% su:;e!t su!h !on&itions as the to !onfer ;uris&i!tion the ent of pro,ra s'!aseL PSe!tion 2(1WQ the !onstrue& peopleH the a&option :" the on ,o%ern "ou &e!i&e the 5n PA8L6 /. 7ecre+ary o) Labor H 27 SC1+ e;e!t ent' 3he o!!upants file& a !ase with the #0 1i,hts is /0plain' %oi&' 5n 7i0on /s. Co00ission on fa!ilitiesL (2N) !reatin, statute a" pro%i&e' Ed-"ation5 A"ade+i" Freedo+ 619877 C'ine%e engaging in retai trade :) <n&er Se!tion 18H M555 of 6>;< the No' S<$$/S3/3he that +NS6/1: an" s at e!ono the 9ataan /P.+ Co ission to issue a restrainin, or&er or writ 7 "iti)en%5 3he State shall+rti!le enhan!e the ri,hts of tea!hers to fa!t easures !al!ulate& to fir insure i! sta:ilit" (19)9) the Supre Court uphel& the %ali&it" Co ission on @u ean 1i,hts (C@1) to stop theof @*0an Rig-+sH 229 SC1+ 117' the Court hel& 899?7 ConstitutionH the Co ission on @u an 1i,hts ha%e :een for!e& to !lose &own :" unsta:le la:or of in;un!tion forH it that were the intentionH the professional a&%an!e ent' Non*tea!hin, a!a&e i! an& of all the !o petent ele ents of so!iet"H throu,h No ' 23 M: of CMCH a5n&ustrial son of a ri!h fa applie& for +!!or&in, to Si&ne" a!a&e i! free&o is 8a"orBs se!' o%e' the Pea!e +!t il"H re?uirin, la:or that the Co ission @ooDH on @u an 1i,hts has no State So"ia whether .-%ti"e or -nder not t'e the Pre%ent followin, Con%tit-tion laws are has the power to in%esti,ate all foren;o" s ofthe hu prote!tion an +NS6/1: !on&ition :rou,ht a:out :" striDe &oes notso' ;ustif" woul& ha%e e0pressl" sai& non*a!a&e i! personnel shall ofConstitution the the aintenan!e of a proper e!ono i! an& so!ial enrol ent with the San Carlos Se inar" in S<$$/S3/the free&o of professionall" to unions to su: +NS6/1: S<$$/S3/itH within )0 &a"s of the ele!tion of power to issue a restrainin, ?ualifie& or&er or persons a writ of !onstitutional' /0plain :riefl"' 6199A7 ri,hts %iolations in%ol%in, !i%il an& politi!al ri,hts the :an on striDe' 3he Constitution ,uarantees the >uris&i!tion is !onferre& onl"of :" the Constitution State' PSe!tion 2(#)Q e?uili:riu in the interrelations the e truth :ers of 8an&alu"on,H 8etro 9e!ause C' <n&er Se!tion +rti!le M5E of the in?uireH &is!o%erH an& the as its offi!ersH affi&a%its of 8anila' the latter that the" he are ha& not in;un!tion an& haspu:lish no #(2)H power totea!h !ite for !onte pt #' + law prohi:itin, Chinese !iti=ens fro 5f 5 were the >u&,eH 5 woul& &is iss the petition' an& to onitor the !o plian!e :" the ,o%ern ent ri,hts of worDers to en,a,e in Cpea!eful !on!erte& or :" law' 5t is ne%er &eri%e& :" i pli!ation' 8 3he State shall assi,n the hi,hest :u&,etar" the !o unit"HC :een pre%iousl" e0pelle& fro another se inar" ARTICLE /III So"ia .-%ti"e and No 1* 1' -is!uss the !on!ept of so!ial ;usti!e C@1 issue& an Cor&er to &esistC the" ConstitutionH see it inof the no fiel& ,roup of their of aliens !o peten!e shall without prise e' 3he :ers of then the Co unist Part"H a,ainst the for %iolation the restrainin, or&er or a!o writ of en,a,in, in / retail tra&e' (2N) S<$$/S3/5n Ange'es 7ison H 112 SC1+ 2)Hof it on was hel& with international treat" o:li,ations hu an willa!ti%itiesH in!lu&in, the to %' striDe in (/0port Pro!essin, .one ri,ht +uthorit" priorit" to e&u!ation an& ensure that tea!hin, attra!t for &efi!ien!"H the 1e!tor San Carlos un&er the 1987 ConstitutionH a,ainst 8a"or Cru= with warnin, that he ore inar" thanRig't% one*thir& of the !ease enroll ent in an" :ein, su:;e!t to an"Agrarian !ontrol or authorit" e0!ept !lais!holasti! that the re?uire ent un&ul" !urtaile& preli in;un!tion' 3he an& &esist H-+an Re#or+ La15 +NS6/1: 3he law isCarino in%ali& sin,les out an& that a s!hool !an su:;e!t to as &is!iplinar" a!tion a ri,hts' +sretain hel& in %s'itof Co ission on a!!or&an!e with on law'C se!' 3)' 5t is ille,al Co ission @u(+rt' an M555H 1i,htsH $'1' No' an& its ri,htful share the :est a%aila:le talents Se inar" &enie& appli!ation without ,i%in, an" An the other han&H Se!tion )H rational +rti!le 55 to of the 1973 woul& :e hel&the in !onte pt shoul& he3he fail to the s!hool' !ontrol or3he authorit" e0!eption of the refers etho&s s!hools :" free&o of asse :l" an& asso!iation' Court or&erH a!!or&in, to the CourtH is a se anti! Co*erage 619987 2' @ow &oes it !o pare with the ol& !on!ept of &epri%es Chinese !iti=ens fro en,a,in, in retail stu&ent who assaulte& a professor outsi&e the @u an 1i,htsH 20# SC1+ #83H the Co ission striDes 101#7)H whi!h+pril !an 1#H :e 1992) prohi:ite& :ut not all striDes' throu,h a&e?uate re uneration an& other eans of ;o: ,roun&s for the &enial' CMCaffi&a%its was Constitution pro%i&e&' 3he State shall pro ote !o pl" with the &esistan!e 6henrefuse& the esta:lishe& for forei,n &iplo ati! personnel an& whi!h truths or !on!lusions are sou,ht an& pointe& out that the filin,+fter of or&er' the was 5nterpla" for a restrainin, or&er' 5ts power to !ite so!ial >usti!e un&er the 1973 ConstitutionL <n&er tra&e' 5n 5!hon, %' @ernan&e=H s!hool pre isesH :e!ause the is!on&u!t of the on @u an 1i,hts has no power to &e!i&e !ases For striDe is la:orBs le,iti ate weapon' 5n the satisfa!tion an& fulfill ent' PSe!tion 2(2)Q a& issionH the itte& another appli!antH No '!onte 12: 3eo&oro is en,a,e& inwelfareH thepro%i&e& so!ial ;usti!e to 7u=un, ensure the &i,nit"H an& allotte& ti e1e!tor lapse&H 8a"or Cru= !ause& esta:lishe& their &epen&ents inshoul& these an&H &is!iplines' unless otherwise erel" a !on&ition for a& the a!?uisition :" a the la:or for pt :e un&erstoo& to appl" onl" the 1932 ConstitutionL stu&ent in%ol%es status asH a stu&ent or in%ol%in, %iolations of !i%il an& politi!al ri,hts' 5t a:sen!e of a !o pellin, interest of the state (su!h who is the son ofhis a poor far who was also :usiness of prawn far in,H 3he prawns are se!urit" of all the people' 3owar& this en&' the &e olition an& re o%alpersonalit" of theer stru!tures' :" lawH for other forei,n te operational porar" resi&ents' or,ani=ation of le,al an& the to %iolations of its a&opte& ,ui&elines $'1' No' 7*7992H 8a" 31H1927H the affe!ts the ,oo& na the e or an& reputation of !ourt the !an onl" in%esti,ate then refer the as health an& safet"H e','H the prohi:ition of striDe a!a&e i!all" &efi!ient' nurture& in his fishpon&s in 8in&oro an&H upon S<$$/S3/+NS6/1 State shall re,ulate the a!?uisitionH ownershipH +!!or&in,l"H the C@1 !ite& hi pri%ile,es for !onte whi!h pt' en;o" ent of !ertain ri,hts an& an& rules of pro!e&ure essential to !arr" out its 5n $ar!ia %s' Fa!ult" +& ission Co itteeH )8 hel& that the 3reat" + it" :etween the s!hool' 3he is!on&u!t ofof3in, &ire!tl" affe!ts atter to the appropriate ,o%ern ent a,en!"' in hospitals an& in&ustries in&ispensa:le to the har%estH are i e&iatel" fro=en for e0port' useH en;o" entH an& &isposition of !onstitutionall" pri%ate propert"H (2N) the Constitution &oes not ,uarantee' An the other in%esti,atorial powersH whi!h it is 000 1' Se!tion 10H +rti!le 55 of the 1987 Constitution 1epu:li! of the Philippines an& the 1epu:li! SC1+ /&u!ational 277H it institutions was hel& that a" the a!!ept a!a&e i! &onations free&o (!) 5sinterest) the C@1 powere& to &e!lare 8a"or his suita:ilit" as a stu&ent' national it e !annot :e prohi:ite&' an& e?uita:l" &iffuse propert" ownership an& han&H the C3he re?uire entshall !onstitutes a %ali& e0er!ise authori=e& to a&opt' Con,ress passe& the Co prehensi%e +,rarian :) +t least se%ent" per!ent (70N) of the e?uit" of pro%i&es' State pro ote ;usti!e of fro institutions forei,n of stu&ents' hi,her learnin, No pro%ision in%ol%es in a wi&e the of China ,uarantees e?ualit" ofso!ial treat ent to Cru= in !onte ptL -oes it ha%e !onte pt (:) Prepare a :rief ar,u ent !itin, rulesH lawsH or +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: (a) StateBs 6hat is poli!e "our !on!ept of @u an 1i,htsL profits'C 3his pro%ision e0poun&e& on the !on!ept of the power to prote!t the pu:li! 1efor 7aw of 1988 whi!h pro%i&es a on, :usiness entities en,a,e& in a&%ertisin, ust :e in all phases of national &e%elop entC' +s state& the Chinese nationals Cupon the sa e ter s sphere Constitution of autono orallL an"S<$$/S3/law " in prohi:its &e!i&in, it' their o:;e!ti%es powers at +NS6/1: 3he Constitutional pro%isions in %iolations support of the Ed-"ation5 Freedo+5 E,tent * +' -oes thisA"ade+i" !ase in%ol%e of hu 619997 an No 55 of so!ial ;usti!e :"lan&s e0pressl" entionin, the a,ainst a:useH frau& an& i inpostors' others that all pri%ate &e%ote& a,ri!ulture 5f is referre& to the pro:le is the of owne& :"&oes Filipino !iti=ens theto Constitution' in what 8ar?ue= %s' Se!retar" of 7a:orH 171the SC1+ an& C@1 the :est eans of un&er attainin, the without as the nationals of an" other !ountr"'C 3husH not possess a&;u&i!ati%e fun!tions 1e!torBs &enial of the otion for re!onsi&eration' 6hat is +!a&e i! Free&o L -is!uss e0tent Co++i%%ion on H-+an Rig't%5 Po1er to ri,hts within the s!ope of the C@1Bs re,ulation of propert" an& the e?uita:le &iffusion of shall :eRig't su:;e!t to a,rarian refor ' 3he law pu:li! Co the ission on @u an 1i,hts un&er the shoul& <nite& (Se!tion Labor5 11(2)H to +rti!le StriIe ME5) 6199:7 337H so!ial ;usti!e eans that the !ourt rule& therein that theState nationals of outsi&e an& interferen!e thereforeH on e0!ept its ownH when is not o%erri&in, e powere& to +!a&e i! Free&o i%%-e TRO 689917 ;uris&i!tionL S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: <n&er ownership' un&er theso ter Ca,ri!ultureC the Ed-"ation5 !-tie% o# in pt Re Ed-"ation National 9ut the &is?ualifi!ation /!ono i! &is!ri an& of So!ial e Coun!ilH :ers of the the helpH CPP !ase in!lu&es assist the un&erpri%ile,e&' 6ithout su!h welfare &e!lare !alls 8a"or for Cru= e State in restraint' !onte 3husH for issuin, a s!hool China are not inate& a,ainst :e!ause ' 12: Con,ress an Chen, sa"s he plantin, is one of the <ni%ersal -e!laration of @u of anCMC 1i,htsH the No (!) $i%e "our &e!ision on the appeal fro followin, a!ti%ities: !ulti%ation of the soilH Note: 5t is or&er su,,este& that thea" e0a iner shoul& an& ilitar" arall H other the NP+H :ein, offi!ers No the E5 *Cor&er 5n to i ple ent a :i, ,o%ern ent a" its :e in%esti,ate& :" the Cofro ission :ase& on 619997 the" i,ht not :e a:le to se!ure ;usti!e for to &esist'C @owe%erH un&er the 1987 nationals of !ountriesH e0!ept those !an &eter ine for itself who tea!hH who a" the !o*authors of the treesH Su:i! raisin, 9a" 8etropolitan 5nternational Co%enant on /!ono i!H So!ial the 1e!torBs &enial of CMBsC appli!ationH of !ropsH ,rowin, of fruit of !) 8ass e&ia ust :e wholl" owne& :" Filipino !orrelate the answers to :oth ?uestions an& ,i%e a spe!ial of a la:or pro!e&ure union woul& for (1) fa!t*fin&in, nullif" the an& a,rante& in?uir" nest" floo& !ontrol pro;e!tH the -epart ent of Pu:li! the sel%es' Sin!e the pro%ision on so!ial ;usti!e ConstitutionH the C@1 is !onstitutionall" :e tau,htH how it shall :e tau,htH an& who a" :e of the <nite& StatesH who are No 55 * 9' $i%e two &uties of the state an&ate& :" en/oyed *y in%titution% o) 'ig'e lea Co%enant ning. 1534 +uthorit" Charter' @e &e!lares that the S98+ is an& Cultural 1i,hts an& 5nternational li%esto!DH poultr" or fish' 3he -epart ent of !iti=ens un&er the Constitution (Se!tion !re&it toan& answers whi!h state there is an ,rante& :" the the Presi&ent the !on!urren!eH it 6orDs @i,hwa"s (-P6@) an& a 11(1)H lo!al :ase& on !onsent ofwith the States !on!erne&' in the 1987 Constitution !o%ers all phases of authori=e&H in the e0er!ise ofthat its in%esti,ati%e spe!ial ri,hts :" the ConstitutionH are all a& itte& to stu&"' 5n 3an,onon %s' PanoH 137 Constitution re,ar&in, e&u!ation' (2N) the answer to rapi& e!ono i! ,rowth an& the on Ci%il an& Politi!al 1i,htsH the s!ope of 1efor issue& an i the ple entin, #JGGE#TED +rti!le ME5)' e0pansion of the ran,e of so!ial >usti!e in fro the @owe%erH a" :e assu this AN#-ER8 e&H &oes not the !onstitute a;orit" in%esti,ation the eto :ers in +,rarian ,o%ern ent (7$<) re o%e& s?uatters national &e%elop entH it is not li ite& the fun!tionsH to Ca&opt its operational ,ui&elines SC1+ 2#2H itunit was hel& that a!a&e i!or&er free&o prohi:ite& fro of en,a,in, in of the retail tra&e' S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: attain ent of that the !o Presi&entBs Philippine 2000C hu an ri,hts in!lu&es C+-ose +-a+ re'a+e +o an whi!h pro%i&es er!ial far s use& for 1987 Constitution !o hi,her pare& to the an& the of an&at (2) per the !on&e nation of the an :anD of of apro!e&ureH ri%er an&an& !ertain esteros for theCon,ress usual sense of the terit H with no o:;e!ti%e of of an& rules !ite 1932 for !onte pt re o%al of so!io*e!ono i! ine?uities :ut also 5n the !ase :arH the law &is!ri inates onl" institution of learnin, in!lu&es the A. Acco ding to Reyes /. Co*r+c*'+*ra'( o) Appea's 19# &rea ' @owe%erH Chen, is worrie& that forei,n indi/id*a'Fs socia'( econo0ic( po'i+ica' (:) 3he se inar" has institutional autono " H a?ua*!ultureH in!lu&in, salt*:e&sH fishpon&s an& S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: 1973 Constitution' esta:lishin, the for er NP+ !ulpa:ilit"' e :ers without 3he Co ;u&i!ial ission trial in on a relo!ation to another pla!e' 3heir shanties were for %iolations thereof in a!!or&an!e withan& the in!lu&es politi!al an& !ultural ine?uities' 3he 1987 ri,ht to pres!ri:e a!a&e i! stan&ar&s to a,ainst Chinese !iti=ens an& thus %iolates SC1+ #02H i! free&o is :ein, the free&o of a !apital fari,ht :e slow inthe !o s!ope in, inof &ue to unsta:le and ci/i'a!a&e re'a+ions... a'ong &i+&-a+ is whi!h ,i%es it the ri,htH all thin,s to s are within the law' 2) <n&er the ConstitutionH aliens a" a!?uire wa" that aDes it !ontrar" to the e?ualH prohi:ition &e olishe&' 3he Co ission on @u an 1i,hts @u an 1i,hts is not ethe powere& to aDe prawn 1ules of Court'C +!!or&in,l"H the C@1H in the Constitution ela:orate& on !on!ept of so!ial the e?ual prote!tion !lause' refuse re*enroll ent to stu&ents for a!a&e i! 9' +rti!le !on&itions M5E of the resultin, Constitution poses the fa!ult" e :er toa& pursue his stu&ies in %' his worDin, fro i ana,e too ent an" genera''y considered be -is in-eren+ and !hoose who it will it+o as stu&ent' ($ar!ia e?uit" :ut !annot parti!ipate in the of a&;u&i!ations' a,ainst the ena!t ententire of :illarti!leH of attain&er an& e0 (C@1) !ourse !on&u!te& of an in%esti,ationH an in%esti,ation a" an& onl" issue& !ite or an ;usti!e :" &e%otin, an +rti!le M555H to &efi!ien!ies an& %iolation of &is!iplinar" Can the3o law :e e&" &e!lare& un!onstitutionalL followin, &uties re,ar&in, e&u!ation upon the parti!ular an& thereafter to of aDe Dnown striDes' re this situation' Chen, proposes ina'ienab'e rig-+s( enco0passing a'0os+ a'' Fa!ult" of spe!ialt" +& S!hool :usiness 4o+en 689997 entities en,a,e& in the followin, post fa!to law' issionH 3he a 7o"ola nest" ,rante& to 3heolo,"H the for er or&er hol& for an" the person -P6@ in an& !onte the pt 7$< an& to i !ease pose the an& it' re,ulations' +!!or&in, to <ni%ersit" of San Carlos -e!i&e' State: or pu:lish the result his en&ea%ors without fear an a en& ent to S98+ law &e!larin, it as a aspec+s o) (1972); 'i)e'C ofEillar )8 SC1+ 277 %' 3e!hnolo,i!al a!ti%ities: appropriate penalties in a!!or&an!e the NP+s o:literate& their offense an& relie%e& the &esist the o%al of the with s?uatters %s' Court of effe!tin, +ppealsH No 5M'fro :) 6hat arere the pro%isions of +lternati%e +nswers: that retri:ution woul& :e %isite& on hi in the striDe*free =one or total :an on striDes' 5s the this 5nstitute of thede*e PhilippinesH 132 SC1+ 70) S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: 1' ,roun& 3he State shall prote!t an& pro ote Co++i%%ion on Rig't%5 Po1er o# to E,$ oration3 o$+ent3 and -ti i)ation pro!e&ure an& san!tions pro%i&e& for in the of the punish ent iH-+an pose& :" law' (9arrio?uinto on the that the hu an ri,hts of the 1) Pu:li! utilities (Se!tion 11H +rti!le Constitution on wo enL (2N) e%ent that his !on!lusions are foun& &istasteful or proposal le,all" &efensi:leL /0plain :riefl"' (1982); 3an,onan the ri,ht of all !iti=ens to ?ualit" e&u!ation at a) Se!tion 2H +rti!le 55 of the 1932 nat-ra i%%-e TRO re%o-r"e% 619977 6>;<899?7 $'1' No' 79237H A!to:er 18H 1988H a!a&e i! 1ules of Court' (Carino %' Co ission on %H Fernan&e=H 82 Phil' )#2 Constitution (19#9))' 3he s?uatters were :ein, %iolate&' 3he -P6@ an& +s hel& M55) in L*= 8ar0s /s. 7ecre+ary o) +-e o:;e!tiona:le :" the powers that :eH) 3his whether in %' Cru= PanoH 137 SC1+ 2#2 (1982) S<$$/S3/all le%els +NS6/1: an& shall taDe appropriate steps to pro%i&e&H C3he pro otion of so!ial ;usti!e to State whether or not the law is !onstitutional' free&o in!lu&es the ri,ht to pres!ri:e a en& ent woul& aDe the ,uilt" of an a!tH the 7$< o:;e!te& to the or&er of the C@1 ;epar+0en+ o) Agrarian Re)or0H 192 SC1+ 21H the No ' 8 * politi!alH +:out a hun&re& people o!!upie& a the e!ono i!Hto per orse!urit" i! autono " is suffi!ientl" lar,e it ina!a&e this 2) /&u!ation (Se!tion #(2) '+rti!le M5E) 5nsure the well*:ein, an& e!ono i! of all aDe e&u!ation a!!essi:le to all' /0plain :riefl"' S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: re?uire entssu!h for the !onfer ent of honors' that of of ha%in, :een for er e :ers ofto the NP+H law 3he is un!onstitutional insofar it in!lu&e& par!el lan& in (ue=on Cit" :elon,in, the !it" :) followin, are the as pro%isions of the 5n the !ase at :arH the lan& a&;oins a :us" esta:lish ents' !ase the inar" to !hoose :etween the ri!h to 2' people the +se law shoul& !reatin, :e the !on!ern a state of !orporation the State'C (Se!tion 1) for whi!h the" ha%e alrea&" :een for,i%en :" li%esto!DH poultr" an& swine raisin,' 5n the &efinition +&%ertisin, (Se!tion 11(2)H +rti!le ,o%ern ent an& :uilt shanties thereon whi!h of Constitution on wo en: +rt' M555'3) se!' 3 position of the Constitution ,uarantees national hi,hwa" an& the !onstru!tion 1esol%e whi!h is !orre!t' 1easons (2N) anBs son an& the poor anBs son' 5n 3arcia /. 8ac*'+y Ad0ission Co00i++ee )8 6hile this pro%ision e :o&ie& the !on!eptH natural of e0ploitH &e%elopH an& utili=e !o presse& Presi&ential a of the a,ri!ultural lan& to whi!h the Constitutional ME5) the" utili=e& for nest"' &wellin,H sari*sari storesH 3he the ri,ht of all worDers en,a,e in pea!eful the s?uatter shanties i pe&es theet!' flow of SC1+ 277H it as was hel& that the so!ial ;usti!e an o:li,ation of the Ed-"ation5 A"ade+i" 6199:7 ,as' (2N) Co ission a&opte& inFreedo+ Cit" 8a"or issue& !on!erte& a!ti%itiesH in!lu&in, the ri,ht to striDe traffi!' 3he an or&er &ire!tin,

An 3he 233 (a) the (1989)H other or&inan!eH the han&H rule whi!h the is a 7o!al %ali& pres!ri:es $o%ern e0er!ise the ent ofuse poli!e Co&e of the power (1'+' No' to ensure 71)0) &efines those a& itte& 5N535+35E/ to as lo!al &iale!t as that e&iu of 7AC+7 instru!tion inthe the e&i!al profession the le,al pro!ess are ?ualifie&' where:" 3he the ar,u re,istere& ents of Cru= %oters pri ar" ,ra&esH is in%ali&' 3he Constitution are eritorious' 3he ri,ht to ?ualit" e&u!ation of anot lo!alin ,o%ern unit &ire!tl" proposeH pro%i&es +rt M5EHent Se!' 7 fora" the use of re,ional an& a!a&e free&o are not a:solute' <n&er ena!tH or au0iliar" a i! en& an" or&inan!e (Se!' 120) an& &iale!t as e&iu of instru!tion' 5f the Se!tion 2(3)H +rti!le M5E the ConstitutionH the 7AC+7 1/F/1/N-<8 as the le,al pro!ess or&inan!e pres!ri:es theof use of lo!al &iale!t not ri,ht to !hoose profession is su:;e!t fairH lo!al where:" the re,istere& %oters of to the as au0iliar"H :uta as e0!lusi%e lan,ua,e of reasona:le an& e?uita:le a& of ission an& a!a&e i! ,o%ern entthen units appro%eH a Constitution en& or re;e!t instru!tionH it is a" %iolati%e the re?uire ents' 3he rule &oes not %iolate e?ual an" or&inan!e ena!te& :"3he the San,,unian' (Se!' for this a&&itional reason' or&inan!e woul& prote!tion' is a su:stantial &istin!tion 12)) thus allow 3here ore &iale!ts to :e use& than it is :etween an& e&i!al stu&ents an&for other stu&ents' &esira:le aDe the ?uest national unit" <nliDe other professionsH the e&i!al profession ore &iffi!ult' &ire!tl" affe!ts the li%es of the people' ARTICLE /(III Tran%itory AFP5 i+itation on a""e$ting additiona d-tie% Pro*i%ion% Tran%itory Pro*i%ion%5 Foreign 6199?7 No'itary 7: Can the >u&,e*+&%o!ate $eneral of the 0i &a%e% 6199?7 +r e& For!es of the Philippines :e appointe& a Ed-"ation5 Rig't to >-a ity Ed-"ation 6899:7 3rustee of <n&er the $o%ern ent Ser%i!e 5nsuran!e No' # * 1) the e0e!uti%e a,ree ent entere& S"ste /0plain' No 555:etween *L Chil&ren whoPhilippines are e :ers of a reli,ious into the an& the other SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: se!t ha%eof:een e0pelle&the froother their erespe!ti%e e :ers the +S/+NH :ers will NoH the >u&,e +&%o!ate $eneral of the +r e& pu:li! s!hools for refusin,H onof a!!ount of their ea!h sen& a :attalion*si=e unit their respe!ti%e For!es of the Philippines !annot :e appointe& as reli,ious :eliefsH to !on&u!t taDe part a in !o the fla, !ere ilitar" on" ar e& for!es to :ine& trustee of the $o%ern ent Ser%i!e 5nsuran!e whi!h in!lu&es pla"in, a :an& sin,in, e0er!ise in the Su:i! :" 9a" +rea'or+ ,roup the of S"ste Se!tion 2(#)' +rti!le ME5 offla, the an& national' <n&er anthe H salutin, the Philippine !on!erne& !iti=ens sou,ht to en;oin the entr" of ConstitutionH no e :er of +r e& For!es an& of re!itin, troops the patrioti! ple&,e' 3he stu&ents forei,n as %iolati%e ofthe the 1987 Constitution the Philippines in the a!ti%e ser%i!e shall at an" their prohi:ite& parents assail the e0pulsion on the ,roun& that the stationin, of forei,n troops an& ti e :e :" appointe& or &esi,nate& in an" in !apa!it" to that the s!hool ha%e a!te& %iolation the use the authorities H of lo!al fa!ilities' a !i%ilian position in the $o%ern entH in!lu&in, of their ri,ht to free pu:li! e&u!ationH free&o of ,o%ern or !ontrolle& spee!hH ent*owne& an& reli,ious free&o !orporations' an& worship' +s the >u&,eH &e!i&e the !ase' /0plain' -e!i&e the !ase' S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: 1) +s a ;u&,eH S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: 5 shall &is iss the !ase' 6hat ARTICLE or Se!tion 22H /(II +rti!leA+end+ent% ME55 of the Constitution 3he stu&ents !annot :e e0pelle& fro s!hool' +s prohi:its in the a:sen!e of a treat" is the Re*i%ion% Peo$ 6;<b7 hel& in :bra'inag /. eJ% T-eInitiati*e ;i/ision 6899;7 7*perin+enden+ stationin, of troops an& fa!ilities of forei,n +n a en& ent to or a 219 re%ision of the present o) 7c-oo's o) Ceb*. SC1+ 22) P1993QH to !ountries in the Philippines' 5t &oes not in!lu&e Constitution a" :e propose& :" a Constitutional !o pel stu&ents to taDe part in the fla, !ere on" the te porar" presen!e in the Philippines Con%ention or :" the Con,ress a %ote of of when it is a,ainst their reli,iousupon :eliefs will %iolate forei,n troops for the epurpose of a !o :ine& three*fourths of all its :ers' 5s there a thir& their reli,ious free&o ' 3heir e0pulsion also ilitar" e0er!ise're%isions 9esi&esH of to the wa" of proposin, of the or un&er a hol&in, en&+rti!le ents %iolates the &ut" of the State M5EH !o :ine& ilitar" e0er!ise is !onne!te& with the ConstitutionL 5f soH howL (2N) Se!tion 1 of the Constitution to prote!t an& &efenseH whi!h is a so%erei,n fun!tion' 5n pro ote the ri,ht of all !iti=ens to ?ualit" a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in 9aer %s' 3i=onH 27 e&u!ation an& aDe su!h e&u!ation a!!essi:le to SC1+ 1H the filin, of an a!tion interferin, with the all' &efense of the +NS6/1: State a ounts to is a suit a,ainst S<$$/S3/3here no thir& wa"the of State without its !onsent' proposin, re%isions to the Constitution; howe%erH the people throu,h initiati%e petition Ed-"ation5 Tea"'ing o# Reupon igion 619997 of at least twel%e per !ent of the total nu :er of No 55 * -' %otersH 6hat of is whi!h the Foreign !onstitutional pro%ision Tran%itory Pro*i%ion%5 0i itary &a%e% re,istere&H e%er" le,islati%e &istri!t !on!ernin, 619887 the tea!hin, of reli,ion in ust :e represente& :" at least three per !ent the of ele entar" an& hi,hin s!hools the PhilippinesL the' re,istere& %oters itH>usti!e a" in &ire!tl" propose No 22: 3he Se!retar" of ha& re!entl" rule& /0plain' (2N) a en& ents to the Constitution' is not that the Presi&ent a" ne,otiate 3his for a ri,ht o&ifi!ation operati%e without an i ple entin, law' (Se!tion 2H S<$$/S3/or e0tension of+NS6/1: ilitar" :ases a,ree ent with the PNote: 3he of ?uestion asDs for two !onstitutional +rti!le ME55 the 1987 Constitution') <nite& States re,ar&less of the Cno nuDesC -' <n&er Se!tion +rti!le M5E of the &uties of the state3(3)H re,ar&in, e&u!ation'Q pro%isions in the 1987 Constitution' 3he Presi&ent ConstitutionH at the option e0presse& in writin, :" forthwith announ!e& that she fin&s the sa e opinion the parents or ,uar&iansH reli,ion shall :e Ca!!epta:leC an& will a&opt it' 3he Senators on allowe& to :e tau,ht to their !hil&ren or 619977 war&s in A+end+ent% and Re*i%ion%5 0ode%

No' other 20: State %arious o&es ofH an& steps inH the Ed-"ation5 pu:li! ele han&H entar" F the ag le& Sa an& :" -te the hi,h 619877 Senate s!hools Presi&entH within the are re,ular !lass re%isin, sDepti!alH oran& a hours en&in, ha& e%en :" the instru!tors warne& Philippine that &esi,nate& Constitution' no treat"or or No' M555: 3he re?uire ent that s!hool !hil&ren appro%e& :" a,ree international the reli,ious ent authorities a" ,o into effe!t to whi!h the parti!ipate in fla, !ere onies has :een the !hil&renthe without or war&s !on!urren!e :elon,H of without two*thir&s a&&itional of all !ost S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: su:;e!t of !ontro%ers"' An the one han& it is the toe the :ers $o%ern of theent' Senate' %iew that the re?uire ent %iolates reli,ious 3here are three o&es of a en&in, the + for er; senator sai&H is !o pletel" free&o on theha& other isCitthe Supre e wron,H Court if Constitution' not erroneousHC an& Cis an a en& ent of of the &e!ision that :e!ause of rele%ant pro%isions Ed-"ation5 (a idity o# A"ade+i" ReF-ire+ent% Constitution :" isinterpretation'C So e a" e :e :ers the 1932 Constitution the fla, salute 6199;7 1' <n&er Se!tion 1H +rti!le of the of the 7ower @ouse a,ree ME555 with Se!retar" Ar&one=H %ali&l" re?uire&' No Constitution' ' 12;others 3he Con,ress -epart a" of :"/&u!ationH three*fourths Culture %ote as while la entent the latterBs opinion 6hi!h of the a:o%e fin&s support on 1987 an& of allSports its 8e 5ssue& :ers propose a !ir!ular an" &is?ualif"in, a en& an" ent an"one to or at C?uestiona:leH unfortunateH an& without :asis ConstitutionH Cite at least two pro%isions to pro%e re%ision of the who fails for Constitution' the fourth ti e in the National all'C 2' <n&er the sa e pro%isionH a !onstitutional "our point' /ntran!e 3ests fro a& ission to a Colle,e of !on%ention a" propose an" a en& ent to or S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: -entistr"' re%ision of the +!!or&in, Se!tion -o "ou or Constitution' &o "ou not a,ree towith the 3he M 3H +rti!le who %iew was ME55 that of thus fla, the salute Constitution' &is?ualifie&H Con,ress ?uestions :e re?uire& a" afore entione& rulin, of a" the%ali&l" -epart entthe of :" a two*thir&s %ote of !ir!ular' all its 8e pro%isions :ers !all a of the fin&s !onstitutionalit" support of the the followin, >usti!eL 6h"L in !onstitutional !on%ention or :" a a;orit" %ote of 1987 Constitution: 1) -i& the +NS6/1: !ir!ular &epri%e her of her S<$$/S3/all its 8e :ers su: it the ?uestion of !allin, su!h !onstitutional ri,ht to e&u!ationL No' 3he Constitution pro%i&es that if forei,n a !on%ention to the ele!torate' (a) +rtH M5EH Se!' 3(2)H whi!h pro%i&es that all 2)ilitar" -i& the !ir!ular %iolate e?ual are prote!tion :asesH troops or the fa!ilities to :e e&u!ational institutions shall in!ul!ate in stu&entsH !lause of the ConstitutionL allowe& after the e0piration of the present 3' Se!tion +rti!le ME55 of the a <n&er on, other !i%il 2' %irtuesH patriotis an& Philippine*+ eri!an 8ilitar" 9ases +,ree ent in S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: ConstitutionH the people &ire!tl" propose nationalis an& tea!h the a"the ri,hts an& &uties 1991H it ust :e Cun&er a treat" &ul" !on!urre& in a en& ents to the !onsi&era:l" Constitution throu,h initiati%e of !iti=enship' 3hus :roa&enin, the 1) NoH !ir!ular &is?ualif"in, an"one who fails :" the the Senate an&H when the Con,ress so upon a petition least twel%e per of the ai s of s!hoolsof is at ori,inall" state& in !ent the 1932 for the fourth ti :" e in National /ntran!e 3ests re?uiresH ratifie& a the a;orit" of the %otes !ast :" total nu :erwhi!h of re,istere& %otersH of whi!h e%er" Constitution the Supre e Court relie& upon fro people a& ission the Colle,e of -entistr" not the in a to national referen&u 'C (+rt' &i& ME555H le,islati%e &istri!t ust :e%' represente& :" at least for its &e!ision in $erona Se!retar" of &epri%e M+ of her !onstitutional to e&u!ation' se!' 22) ere a,ree entH ri,ht thereforeH not a three per !ent ofPhil' the re,istere& %oters therein' /&u!ationH 10) 2 (1929)H uphol&in, the fla, +s hel& in -epart ent of /&u!ationH Culture treat"H without the !on!urren!e of at least 2I3an& of salute in the Philippines' 3he 1932 Constitution Sports %s' San -ie,oH 180 SC1+ 233H this ri,ht is all the e :ers of the Senate will not :e %ali& si pl" entione& the &e%elop ent of !i%i! +!!or&in, to Se!tion #H +rti!le ME55 of the not a:solute' Se!tion 2(3)' +rti!le M5E of the (+rt' E55H se!' 21H +rt' ME555H se!' #)' 6ith respe!t !ons!ien!e an& the tea!hin, of the &uties of ConstitutionH to :e %ali& an" a en& to or a Constitution pro%i&es that the ri,ht to ent !hoose to the pro%ision allowin, nu!lear weapons within !iti=enship' (:) +rt 55H Se!H 13 an&ates the State to Cin!ul!ate re%ision of the Constitution ust :e ratifie& :" profession of stu&" is su:;e!t fairH the :asesH or the !ourse Constitution appears :anto su!h in the "outh patriotis an& nationalis HC while a a;orit" of the %otes !ast 5n a ple:is!ite' reasona:le e?uita:leterritor"' a& ission an& weapons fro an& the Philippine 5t &e!lares Se!' re?uires State to ,i%e priorit" to who a!a&e i! re?uire ents' 1e?uirin, that !onsistent those as a 17 state poli!"the that Cthe PhilippinesH e&u!ationH a a on, other foster will enroll in Colle,e of!on!ernsH -entistr" shoul& pass the with the national interestH a&opts Cto an& pursues a patriotis an& nationalis 'C National /ntran!e 3est is %ali&H :e!ause it is poli!" of free&o fro nu!lear weapons in its REFEREN!U0 *%= INITIATI(E 6>1<899A7 inten&e& to ensure that onl" those who are territor"'C (+rtH 55H se!' 8) @owe%erH the (a) 3he present Constitution intro&u!e& the ?ualifie& :epro!esses &entists are itte& for enroll ent' &eli:erations of the Constitutional Co ission !on!eptsto an& of a& 5nitiati%e an& Ed-"ation5 Rig't to C'oo%e Pro#e%%ion 689997 woul& see to in&i!ate that this pro%ision of the 1eferen&u ' Co pare an& &ifferentiate one fro Constitution is Cnot so ethin, a:solute nor 100 the other' (3N) S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: per!ent without 5t people a" therefore NoNoH 5E'the <n&aunte& :"not his three failures in :e the 2) !ir!ular &i& %iolate the e?ual 5N535+35E/ is thee0!eption'C power of the to propose that !ir!u stan!es a" ;ustif" a pro%ision on National 8e&i!al +& 3est (N8+3)H prote!tion a en& ents !lause to the of Constitution the ission Constitution' or to ''' propose Cru= nu!lear weapons' applie& tole,islations taDe it a,ain :ut was !alle& refuse& an& ena!t throu,h an he ele!tion :e!ause of an or&er the -epart ent for the purpose' <n&er theof 1987 ConstitutionH the of /&u!ationH Culture an& Sports (-/CS) &isallowin, people throu,h initiati%e !an propose ARTICLE /(I 2enera fourth flunDers fro to taDin, the test a upon ti e' Cru= a en& ents the Constitution a petition of Pro*i%ion% file& assailin, rule raisin, at leastsuit twel%e per !entu this of the total nu :er ofthe PU&LIC INTERNATIONAL LA4 !onstitutional ,roun&s a!!essi:le re,istere& %otersH of whi!h of e%er" le,islati%e ?ualit" e&u!ationH a!a&e i! free&o an& e?ual 2enera &istri!t ust Pro*i%ion%5 :e represente& Lo"a :" !ia at e"t least 619877 three per &a%i" e% in ,o%ern P-b i"not IntJ La1 619917 !it" prote!tion' ent opposes thisH No' !entu E:Prin"i$ of State the3he re,istere& whether or %oters therein' the followin, uphol&in, the !onstitutionalit" of the rule on or&inan!es are %ali& an& ,i%e reasons in support 1/F/1/N-<8 is the of the ele!torate tothe Sele!t an" fi%e (2) of power the followin, an& e0plain ,roun& of e0er!ise of poli!e power' -e!i&e the of appro%e "our answers: or re;e!t le,islation throu,h an ele!tion ea!hH usin, e0a a ples: !ase (a) &is!ussin, +n or&inan!e the ,roun&s pres!ri:in, raise&' theNo' (2N) use of the !alle& for the purpose' (Se!' 3H 1'+' )732 (a) 1eprisal lo!al &iale!t as e&iu of instru!tion in the P1989Q)' S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: pri ar" ,ra&es' (:) 1etorsion +s hel& in -epart ent of /&u!ationH Culture an& SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Sports %' San -ie,oH180 SC1+

(!) -e!larator" 3heor" of 1e!o,nition Prin!iple

(&) 1e!o,nition of 9elli,eren!" (e) Continental Shelf (f) /0e?uatur (,) Prin!iple of -ou:le Cri inalit" (h) Prote!ti%e Personalit" (i) 5nno!ent Passa,e (;) >us !o,ens in 5nternational 7aw

#JGGE#TED AN#-ER8 1a4 REPRI#AL i% a coe ci,e "ea%u e %'o t o) !a & di ected *y a %tate again%t anot'e & in etaliation )o act% o) t'e latte and a% "ean% o) o*taining e+a ation o %ati%)action )o %uc' act%. Re+ i%al in,ol,e% etaliato y act% !'ic' *y t'e"%el,e% !ould *e illegal. Fo exa"+le& )o ,iolation o) a t eaty *y a %tate& t'e agg ie,ed %tate %eiDe% on t'e 'ig' %ea% t'e %'i+% o) t'e o))ending %tate. 1*4 RETOR#ION i% a legal *ut deli*e ately un) iendly act di ected *y a %tate again%t anot'e in etaliation )o an un) iendly t'oug' legal act to co"+el t'at %tate to alte it% un) iendly conduct. An exa"+le o) eto %ion i% *anning ex+o t% to t'e o))ending %tate. 1c4 T'e DECLARATORY T<EORY OF RECOGNITION i% a t'eo y acco ding to !'ic' ecognition o) a %tate i% "e ely an ac(no!ledg"ent o) t'e )act o) it% exi%tence. In ot'e !o d%& t'e ecogniDed %tate al eady exi%t% and can exi%t e,en !it'out %uc' ecognition. Fo exa"+le& !'en ot'e count ie% ecogniDed Banglade%'& Banglade%' al eady exi%ted a% a %tate e,en !it'out %uc' ecognition. 1d4 RECOGNITION OF BELLIGERENCY i% t'e )o "al ac(no!ledg"ent *y a t'i d +a ty o) t'e exi%tence o) a %tate o) !a *et!een t'e cent al go,e n"ent and a +o tion o) t'at %tate. Bellige ency exi%t% !'en a %iDea*le +o tion o) t'e te ito y o) a %tate i% unde t'e e))ecti,e cont ol o) an in%u gent co""unity !'ic' i% %ee(ing to e%ta*li%' a %e+a ate go,e n"ent and t'e in%u gent% a e in de )acto cont ol o) a +o tion o) t'e te ito y and +o+ulation& 'a,e a +olitical o ganiDation& a e a*le to "aintain %uc' cont ol& and conduct t'e"%el,e% acco ding to t'e la!% o) !a . Fo exa"+le& G eat B itain ecogniDed a %tate o) *ellige ency in t'e Jnited #tate% du ing t'e Ci,il -a &

No' 2: -Hthe Con%tit-ti*e warehouse +ssailin, the at T'eory !ourtBs 8aDatiH + :assa&or ;uris&i!tion: *%= pen&in, !e" of aratory -r' the O. EelenBs now Gin,&o T'eory o%es of to 6899;7 relo!ation Nepal to the hisPhilippinesH per anent ?uarters' lease& a that house in is &is issto the !o plaintH on the ,roun& (1) he (2*a*#) -istin,uish: 3he !onstituti%e an& an 9a,uio e :ass" Cit" as offi!er his personal entitle& to %a!ation &iplo theor" ati! ho i e' unit"; An +t the instan!e of poli!e authoritiesH the 1e,ional the &e!larator" theor" !on!ernin, re!o,nition a!!ount of the ilitar" &istur:an!e in NepalH his - of &i& e an& that (2) suit is reall" a suit a,ainst ho 3rial Court (13C) of 8aDati issue& a warrant for states' state not re!ei%e without his itssalar" !onsent' an& @e allowan!es presents fro &iplo his ati! the sear!h an& sei=ure of -r' EelenBs personal ,o%ern ent an& so he faile& to pa" his rentals foran notes fro MM / :ass" !ertif"in, that he is effe!ts in %iew of an alle,e& %iolation of the 3ariff S<$$/S3/+!!or&in, to the a!!re&ite& ore than one e +NS6/1: "ear' :ass"/Hoffi!er the lessorH re!o,ni=e& file& an a!tion :" the an& Custo Bs Co&e' +!!or&in, to the poli!eH the CANS353<35E/ 3@/A1OH is the &utiesH last for re!o%er" of his propert" with s the 1e,ional Philippine ,o%ern ent' @e re!o,nition perfor offi!ial !rates !ontaine& !ontra:an& ite s' <pon protest in&ispensa:le ele ission ent that !on%erts sur%eillan!e the state he 3rial sa"sH Court on of a 9a,uio Cit"' to !on&u!t on of 6@A offi!ialsH the Se!retar" of Forei,n +ffairs :ein,e0porters re!o,ni=e& into an international person' &ru, an& then infor lo!al poli!e offi!ers (1) a!tion a,ainst - prosperL for Can all" the a&%ise& the 13C as to -r' EelenBs who aDe the a!tual arrest of suspe!ts' +re the two i unit"' 3he Soli!itor $eneral liDewise ;oine& (2) Can !ite& / asD :" for O. the to atta!h ent the of the furniture ,roun&s &is iss suit tena:leL -r' EelenBs plea of i unit" an& otion to ?uash an& other personal properties of - 3@/A1OH after ,ettin, +!!or&in, to the -/C7+1+3A1O (2N) the sear!h warrant' 3he 13C &enie& the the otion' hol& of e%i&en!e that - is a:out to lea%e re!o,nition is erel" an a!Dnowle&, ent of the !ountr"L pre*e0istin, fa!t that the state :ein, re!o,ni=e& S<$$/S3/+NS6/1 : is an international person'(Cru=H 5nternational 5s the &enial ofof the otion toi ?uash properL +' 3he !lai &iplo ati! unit" of O. (2N) is not 7awH 2003 e&') tena:leH :e!ause he &oes not possess an a!Dnowle&,e& &iplo ati! -%i*e title E"ono+i" an& is not Contig-o-% @one *%= E," S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: perfor in, &uties of a &iplo ati! nature' @one 6899;7 3he &enial of suit the a,ainst otion hi is i isproper' +s hel& in @owe%erH the a suit a,ainst MM II< +' -istin,uish :riefl" !learl" :etween: 6orl& @ealth Ar,ani=ation %s' +?uinoH SC1+ without its !onsent' O.:ut was a!tin, as an #8 a,ent of 2#2 (1972)' as an offi!ial of the 6orl& @ealth MM an& was perfor in, his offi!ial fun!tions when 2) 3he !onti,uous =one an& the e0!lusi%e Ar,ani=ationH -r' Eelen en;o"e& &iplo ati! he !on&u!te& sur%eillan!e on &ru, e0porters an& e!ono i! =one' i unit" this in!lu&e& e0e ption froarreste& &uties infor e& an& the lo!al poli!e offi!ers who S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: an& ta0es' Sin!e &iplo in, ati! i unit" in%ol%es 89C' @e was perfor su!h &uties with thea politi!al ?uestionH where a plea of &iplo ati! !onsent of the Philippine ,o%ern thereforeH (2) CAN35$<A<S .AN/ is a =one entH !onti,uous to i unit" is re!o,ni=e& an& affir e& :" the the territorial suit a,ainst O. is e0ten&s a suit a,ainst MM without its sea an& up to t1e *e /0e!uti%e -epart entH it is the &ut" of the !ourt to !onsent' (8inu!her %' territorial Court of +ppealsH 397 na-ti"a +i e% fro the sea an& o%er a!!ept the !lai of i unit"' SC1+ 2## P1992Q)' whi!h the !oastal state a" e0er!ise !ontrol ne!essar" to pre%ent infrin,e ent of its !usto sH fis!alH i i,ration or sanitar" an& !i$ o+ati" I++-nity 6899:7 laws +73/1N+35E/ S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: re,ulations within its territor" or territorial sea' No ME555 + ,roup of A+ba%%ador hi,h*ranDin, offi!ials !i$ o+ati" I++-nity5 6>:899A7 (+rti!le 33*of the Con%ention on the 7aw of thean& ranD*an&*file e plo"ees statione& in a forei,n Sea') e :ass" in 8anila were arreste& outsi&e (1) 5tal"H throu,h its + :assa&orH entere& into a 3he /MC7<S5E/ /CANA85C .AN/ is ap=one e :ass" ,roun&s an& &etaine& at Ca Cra e !ontra!t with +:a& for the aintenan!e an& e0ten&in, up to 200 nauti!al iles fro the on suspi!ion that the" were a!ti%el" repair of spe!ifie& e?uip ent at its /!olla:oratin, :ass" an& :aselines of a state o%er whi!h the !oastal state with CterroristsC out to o%erthrow or &esta:ili=e + :assa&orBs 1esi&en!eH su!h as the air has so%erei,n ri,hts for the purpose of e0plorin, Philippine $o%ern 3he Forei,n + :assa&or !on&itionin, unitsH ent' ,enerator setsH ele!tri!al an& e0ploitin,H an& ana,in, sou,ht their i !onser%in, e&iate releaseH !lai otor in, the that the fa!ilitiesH water heatersH an& water pu ps' natural resour!esH whether li%in, or nonli%in,H of &etaine& e :ass" an&ent e shall plo"ees 5t was stipulate& thatoffi!ials the a,ree :e the waters super;a!ent the sea:e& an& the en;o"e& &iplo i to unit"' in%ite& to of e0press effe!ti%e for ati! a perio& of 5f four "ears an& sea:e& an& opinion su:soilH on an&the with re,ar& to other "our le,al atterH what a&%i!e auto ati!all" renewe& unless !an!elle&' FurtherH a!ti%ities for the e!ono i! e0ploitation an& woul& "ou ,i%eL it pro%i&e& that an" suit arisin, fro the !ontra!t e0ploration of the =one' (+rti!les 2) an& 27 of the shall :e file& with the proper !ourts in the Cit" of Con%ention on the 7aw of the Sea') 8anila' S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: 5 shall a&%i!e that the hi,h*ranDin, offi!ials an& ranD*an&*file plo"ees :e release& :e!ause of Clai in, e that the 8aintenan!e Contra!t was !i$ o+ati" I++-nity 689997 their &iplo ati! i :aselessl" unit"' +rti!le an& 29 of the Eienna unilaterall"H ar:itraril" Con%ention on -iplo ati! 1elations No MM forei,n a :assa&or thepro%i&es: Philippines ter *+ inate&H +:a& sue& theto State of 5tal" an& lease& a %a!ation house in 3a,a"ta" for his its + :assa&or :efore a !ourt in the Cit" of personal use' For so e reasonH he faile& to pa" 8anila' + on, the &efensesH the" C3he person of a &iplo ati! a,ent raise& shall rentals for ore than one "ear' 3he lessor file& an were Cso%erei,n i unit"C an& C&iplo :e in%iola:le' @e shall not :e lia:le ati! to a!tion i for unit"'C the re!o%er" (2N) of his propert" in !ourt' an" for of arrest or &etention'C

(a) !ounsel of +:a&H refute the <n&er a) Can +rti!le the+s forei,n 37 of the a Eienna :assa&or Con%ention in%oDe hison of Cso%erei,n i the 1e4 &efenses &iplo -iplo CONTINENTAL ati! ati! i1elationsH unit" to #<ELF resist e :ers o) unit"C of a lessorBs coa%tal the an& a!tionL %tate C&iplo i %ea-*ed unit"C raise& :" of (3N) a& inistrati%e an& te!hni!al staff of the State &iplo ati! co"+ i%e%ati! t'e and %u*%oil o) t'e 5tal" ine an& its + :assa&or' S<$$/S3/issionH shallH if the" are extend not nationals of or %u*"a a ea% t'at *eyond it% :) 3he lessor ,ets hol& of e%i&en!e that the +s +:a&H 5StateH will per anent resi&ents in thefor re!ei%in, en;o" te +NS6/1: ito ial %ea t'!ounsel oug'out t'e natu alar,ue a :assa&or is a:out to return to his ho e that so%erei,n unit" will notylie as it is an the pri%ile,es an& ii land unities spe!ifie& in +rti!le + olongation o) it% te ito to t'e oute !ountr"' Can the lessor asD the !ourt to stop the esta:lishe& rule that when State 29' edge o) t'e continental "aagin& o enters to a into a a :assa&orBs &eparture fro the PhilippinesL !ontra!tH wai%es its i "ile% unit" ) an& allows itself di%tance o) it 5II nautical o" t'e <n&er 9 of the Eienna Con%ention on (2N) +rti!le to :e sue&' 8oreo%erH there is a pro%ision in 9*a%eline% ) o" !'ic' t'e * eadt' o) t'e -iplo ati! 1elationsH the re e&" is to &e!lare the S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: the that an" suit arisin, therefro shall te ito !ontra!t ial %ea i% "ea%u ed !'e e t'e oute hi,h*ranDin, offi!ials an& ranD*an&*file e plo"ees :eo) file& with the proper %'el) !ourtsdoe% of thenot Cit" of edge t'e continental extend a) NoH the forei,n a asD :assa&or !annot in%oDe personae non ,ratae an& the to lea%e' 8anila' An the issue of &iplo ati! i unit"H 5 u+ to t'at di%tance. his &iplo ati! i unit" to resist the a!tionH sin!e 1)4 EHE.JATJR an aut'o ) o" t'e will assert thati% the a!t of theiDation + :assa&or he is not usin, the house in 3a,a"ta" Cit" for the +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: ecei,ing %tate ad"itting t'e 'ead o) is a unilaterall" ter inatin, the a,ree ent purposes of his ission :ut erel" for %a!ation' con%ula tortuous +o%t an& to &one t'e with exe ci%e ali!eo) an& 'i% :a& faith <n&er the +rti!le Eienna 3(l)(a) Con%ention of the Eienna on -iplo Con%ention ati! on an& not a so%erei,n or &iplo fun!tion' )unction%. Fo exa"+le& i) t'eati! P'ili++ine% -iplo ati! a 1elationsH a a,ent &iplo Cshall ati! a,ent has no to 1elationsH &iplo ati! not :e lia:le a++oint% a con%ul gene al )o Ne! Yo (& 'e i unit" in arrest !ase of real a!tion relatin, toan& pri%ate an" for of ora&etention (+rti!le 29) he cannot %tapropert" t +e )o "ing 'i% )unction% unle%% i o%a:le in;uris&i!tion the territor" of the en;o"s i unit" fro situate& !ri inal (+rti!le t'e P e%ident o) t'e he Jnited i%%ue% an re!ei%in, State unless hol&s#tate% it on :ehalf of the 31)' exeCuatu to 'i"& sen&in, State for purposes of the ission' 3his i unit" a" o) !o%er the Chi,h*ranDin, 1g4 T'e + inci+le DOJBLE CRI=INALITY i% offi!ialsC who!'ic' are assu e& to :e )o t'e ule in in?uestionH ext adition %tate% t'at (:)ati! offi!ers +t an" rateH what shoul& :e the !ourtBs &iplo or a,ents' 6ith the a eCue%t to *e 'ono ed t'e c respe!t i"e )o to :) NoH the !annot asD the !ourt to rulin, on the sai& S<$$/S3/CranD*an&*file e lessor plo"eesC the" are !o%ere& :" !'ic' ext adition i%&efensesL eCue%ted "u%t *e a stop the &eparture of the a :assa&or fro the 3he !ourt shoul& rule a,ainst sai& the i+NS6/1: unit" referre& to a:o%eH pro%i&e& the" are c i"e in *ot' t'e eCue%ting %tate and t'e Philippines' <n&er +rti!le 29 of the Eienna &efenses' 3he aintenan!e !ontra!t an& repair not nationals or per anent resi&ents of the %tate to !'ic' t'e )ugiti,e 'a% )led. Fo Con%entionH a:ass" &iplo ati! a,ent shall not :esai& of the / an& + :assa&orBs 1esi&en!e PhilippinesH pursuant to +rti!le of the exa"+le& %ince "u de i% a 37(2) c i"e *ot' in lia:le to an" for of arrest or &etention' is a !ontra!t in ;us i periiH :e!ause su!h repair Con%ention' t'e P'ili++ine% and in Canada& unde t'e of sai& :uil&in,s is in&ispensa:le to the T eaty onranD*an&*file Ext adition (per 5f the -on&ee) sai& 3he ,roun&s e*et!een plo"ees !ite& :" t'e :elon, O. is to the perfor an!e of the offi!ial fun!tions of the P'ili++ine% and Canada& t'e P'ili++ine% can ser%i!e of :asis the &iplo ati! ission (su!h tena:le staff on the that the pre!ept that a as $o%ern ent of 5tal"' @en!eH the !ontra!t is in eCue%t Canada to ext adite a Fili+ino !'o &ri%ers) the" :e a" :e !o%ere& :" the unit" State !annot sue& in the !ourts ofi a forei,n pursuit of a so%erei,n a!ti%it" in whi!h !aseH it 'a% to Canada. (e%en if a the" are not Philippine nationals or state)led is lon,*stan&in, rule of !usto ar" 1'4 !annot PROTECTI;E + inci+le :e &ee PER#ONALITY e& to ha%e wai%e& its i i% unit" resi&ents) aslaw set then out in +rti!lei&entifie& 37(3)H if at thethe ti e international !losel" with t'e fro + inci+le *y !'ic' t'e %tate exe ci%e suit' of the arrest were Ca!ts so%erei,n perfor e&fro in the personal i the" unit" of a in forei,n /u i%diction o,e t'e act% o) an alien e,en i) !ourse ofwith their &uties'C 5f a &ri%er was a on, the suit an&H the e er,en!e of &e o!rati! co""itted out%ide it% te ito y& i) %uc' act% sai& ranD*an&*file e plo"ees an& he person was arreste& statesH a&e to atta!h not ;ust to the of a e ad,e %e to t'e inte e%t o) t'e national while &ri%in, a &iplo ati! %ehi!le or en,a,e& in the hea& of stateH or his representati%eH :ut also %tate. relate& a!tsH still he woul& :eits !o%ere& :" &istin!tl" to the state itself in so%erei,n 1i4 INNOCENT PA##AGE "ean% t'e ig't o) i unit"' 5f the a!ts ,i%in, rise to a suit are !apa!it"' An the ex+editiou% atter of whether or not the continuou% and na,igation o) a those of a forei,n ,o%ern ent &one :" its !i$ o+ati" 6899;7 68<a7 89CH an +I++-nity :assa&or a" :e sue&H +rti!le 31 )o eign %'i+ t' oug' t'e te ito +' ial %ea o) aof forei,n a,entH althou,h not in ne!essaril" a !a%iarH alien an+o%e &ealin, !arpets an& the Eienna Con%ention on -iplo %tate:usiness )o t'e +u o) t a,e %ing t'atati! %ea &iplo persona,eH :ut en a!tin, offi!ial file& a ati! suit a,ainst an& O.H an 1elations pro%i&es thatin ahis &iplo !it'out ente ingpoli!e t'e inte nal !ate % atta!he oati! !apa!it"H the !o plaint !oul& :e :arre& :" !ri the inalH of MM / at :ass"H for &a ia,es :e!ause of a,ent en;o"s unit" fro the calling a oad%tead o +o t )acility i ali!ious unit" of thean& forei,n so%erei,n fro suit prose!ution' that O. to !i%il a& 89C inistrati%e ;uris&i!tion ofo the out%ide inte nal !ate %& oalle,e& + oceeding without its !onsent' Suin, a representati%e !on!o!te& false an& state !har,es that of hea if the a!t ) o" inte re!ei%in, nal !ate %ali!ious o e0!ept a call at %uc' state is :elie%e& toe& :eH in effe!tH his suin, the state was en,a,e& &ru, traffi!Din,H whereupon perfor is outsi&e offi!ial oad%tead o in +o t )acility. T'e +a%%age i% itself' (G@AS1A6 85N<C@/1 %s' CA<13 nar!oti!s poli!e en !on&u!te& a C:u"*:ustC fun!tionsH init a!!or&an!e with the AF innocent %o long a% i% not + e/udicial to !i$ o+ati"$'1' I++-nity 689917 Fe:ruar" 11H +PP/+7SH No' 1#239)' operation an& without warrant arreste& hi t'e H5n this prin!iple of fun!tional ne!essit"' t'e +eace& good o de o %ecu ity o) 2003) No MM * -r' EelenH an offi!ial of the 6orl& @ealth sear!he& his houseH an& sei=e& his into one" an& !aseH the a!t of enterin, the coa%tal %tate. 1/4 JJ# COGEN# i%:" a +e e"+to y no " o) Ar,ani=ation (6@A) assi,ne& in the PhilippinesH ;ewelr"H then &etaine& an&+ torture& hi in %iolation !ontra!t the :assa&or was part of gene al national la!5nternational acce+ted and arri%e& atinte the +?uino +irport of his !i%il an& hu an ri,hts as wellthusH as !ausin, his Nino" offi!ial fun!tions an& he is ecogniDed *y t'e inte national co""unity with effe!ts !ontaine& twel%e hi H his his personal fa entitle& il" an& :usiness serious &a a,es to &iplo ati! i in unit"' a% ountin, !rates a !'ole as una!!o a no panie& " ) :a,,a,e' o" !'ic' +s no su!hHthat his a toa% two illion pesos' 89C a&&e& (1epu:li! of 5n&onesia %' Ein=onsH personal effe!ts were allowe& free entr" fro *e de ogation i% +e "itted !'ic' can the trial !ourt a!?uitte& hi and of the &ru, !har,es' $'1' No' 12#702H >une 2)H &uties an& only ta0esH an& were &ire!tl" store& at "odi)ied *y a %u*%eCuent no2003) " o) +rshaine CorporationBs gene al inte national la! 'a,ing t'e %a"e !i$ A+ba%%ador% 619997 c'a o+ati" acte & I++-nity5 An exa"+le i% t'e + o'i*ition again%t t'e u%e o) )o ce.

upon otherH infor itself !hil&H the to pro!ure as!en&antH Philippine a !ertifie& nar!oti! &es!en&ant true a,ents !op" or spouse' to of the aDe Consuls /0e!uti%e the a!tual are +,ree not arrest' lia:le ent(2N) an&H to arrest afteran& &eli:eratin, &etentionon itH pen&in, trial &e!lare&H :" e0!ept a unaniin ous the !ase %oteH of that a ,ra%e the !ri e an& a) a,ree pursuant ent was +sto !ounsel :oth a &e!ision unwise of plaintiff :" an& thea,ainst 9aDerH !o petent ar,ue the :est ;u&i!ial interest wh"authorit"' of his the !o!ountr"' plaint 3he !ri shoul& 5s the e of /0e!uti%e not ph"si!al :e &is5n;uries isse& on is not a +,ree ,ra%e ent :in&in, !ri of e &efen&ant unless (a) froit :e the !o stan&point of the ,roun& +&a sB itte& &iploa,ainst ati! an" iof the Philippine law a:o%e* an& suit' (:) entione& fro the persons' stan&point of unit" fro S<$$/S3/+NS6/1' (S!hne!Den:ur,er international lawL %' 8oran )3 Phil' 2#9)' +s !ounsel for/0plain 9aDerH 5 woul& ar,ue that +&a s is not a &iplo ati! a,ent !onsi&erin, S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: that he is not a hea& of ission nor is he part (a) of +sthe to Philippine /0e!uti%e &iplo ati!lawH staffthe that is a!!or&e& S<$$/S3/+,ree ent is :in&in,'''' +NS6/1: &iplo ati! ranD' 3husH the suit shoul& not :e &is /0e!uti%e isse& as +&a s has no &iplo:in&in, ati! (:) OesH 3he is &is also 3' the !ase+,ree shoul&ent :e isse&' <n&er i unit" un&er the 19)1 Eienna Con%ention fro the stan&point of international +s hel& +rti!le #0 of the Eienna Con%entionlaw' on -iplo ati! on -iplo ati! 1elations' in 9a%an %' ora' 3#2 SC1+is ##9 P2000QH in of 1elationsH if.a a &iplo ati! a,ent in the territor" (3T international CanStateH / asD law for e0e!uti%e thehas !ourt a,ree to stop ents -Bsa are &eparture a thir& whi!h ,rante& hi passport fro if e?uall" the :in&in, PhilippinesL treaties upon the States who %isa su!h %isaas was ne!essar"H while pro!ee&in, are parties the ' +&&itionall"H un&er +rti!le to taDe up to his postH the thir& State shall a!!or& S<$$/S3/:) +s +NS6/1: !ounsel of &efen&ant +&a sH ar,ue 2U1)(a) of the Eienna Con%ention the 7aw hi in%iola:ilit" an& su!h other i onunities asof a" for the &is issal of the !o plaint' (1) re?uire& OesH the a!tion !an prosper' +rti!le 31 of a the 3reatiesH whate%er a" :e the &esi,nation :e to ensure his transit' S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1 +s !ounsel for Eienna a,ree Con%ention on -iplo ati! 1elations written ent :etween StatesH whether it is +&a sH 5 woul& ar,ue that he worDe& for the pro%i&es: as a 3reat"H Con%ention or /0e!uti%e in&i!ate& <nite& States -ru, /nfor!e ent +,en!" an& +,ree entH is not le,all" si,nifi!ant' Still it is + &iplo ati! a,ent shall en;o" unit" wasC1' tasDe& to !on&u!t sur%eillan!e of i !i$ o+ati" aI++-nity5 !i$ o+ati" and !onsi&ere& treat" an& ,o%erne& :" En*oy the fro the !ri a!ti%ities inal ;uris&i!tion of the re!ei%in, suspe!te& &ru, within the !ountr" Con%- ar O##i"er% 619977 international law of treaties' @e shall en;o" i ,o%ern unit" froent' its withState' the appro%al of also the Philippine No <n&er 19:!i%il MH a Se!retar" an& in the in an& a& inistrati%e ;uris&i!tionH e0!ept the &o!trine of State 5 Consul unit" fro + eri!an the !ase :ass" of:,i%in, in 8anilaH fro 9 of a SuitH if / the a!ts rise to :ou,ht a suit are those &ia aon& rin, in the a ount of P20H000'00 whi!h forei,n ,o%ern ent &one :" its forei,n he later ,a%e as a :irth&a" presenta to his Filipino a,entH ne!essaril" ati! (a) althou,h + real not a!tion relatin, &iplo to pri%ate ,irlfrien&' 3he pur!hase pri!e was pai& in !he!D persona,eH :ut a!tin, in his offi!ial !apa!it"H i o%a:le propert" situate& in the &rawn the Citi:anD' <pon present for the upon !o plaint :e :arre& :" theunless i ent unit" territor" of!oul& the re!ei%in, StateH he pa" ofentH the !he!D was &ishonore& for the forei,n so%erei,n suit without itsfor hol&s it on :ehalf of fro the sen&in, State insuffi!ien!" of fun&s' 9e!ause MBs failure to !onsent' +&a s of a" not :e aof &iplo ati! a,ent the purposes the ission;C aDe the &ishonore& !he!DH 9 file& :ut ,oo& the Philippine ,o%ern ent has ,i%en its a 3he a!tion a,ainst the + the :assa&or a real !o iplaint a,ainst M!onsentH in Affi!e of the a!tion Cit" pri aturH if not to the is a!ti%ities in%ol%in, pri%ate i o%a:le propert" situate& within Prose!utor of 8anila for of %iolation of thus 9atas within Philippine territor" +&a s an& the territor" of 22' the Philippines the Pa he :ansa 9i,' +fter preli inar" in%esti,ationH is entitle& to the &efense of as state i re!ei%in, unit" state' 3he a!tion falls within the e0!eption the the infor ation was file& a,ainst M in 1#239)H the to Cit" fro suit' (8inu!her %' C+H $'1' No' ,rant of unit" an& Court of i8anila' Mfro file&the a !i%il otion to a& &is inistrati%e iss the Fe:ruar" 11H 2003) ;uris&i!tion of the !ase a,ainst hi Philippines' on the ,roun& that he is a Se!retar" an& Consul in the + eri!an / :ass" en;o"in, &iplo +NS6/1; ati! i unit" fro !ri inal +73/1N+35E/ prose!ution in the Philippines' NoH the a!tion will not prosper' +lthou,h the a!tion is a real a!tion relatin, to and pri%ate !i$ o+ati" I++-nity5 !i$ o+ati" En*oy 5f "ou were the >u&,eH how woul& "ou resol%e i o%a:le propert" within the territor" of the Con%ar O##i"er% 6199A7 the otion to &is issL PhilippinesH nonethelessH the %a!ation house a" No' 3: S<$$/S3/:e !onsi&ere& +NS6/1: propert" hel& :" the + :assa&or 1' the &ifferen!esH an"H in the 5n -is!uss :ehalf of his state (the if Gin,&o of Nepal) for 5f 5 were the >u&,eH 5 woul& ,rant the otion to pri%ile,es or i of the unities of &iplo ati! en%o"s an& the purposes ission an&H thereforeH su!h &is iss' !onsular offi!ers fro an& the !i%il or !ri inal is :e"on& the !i%il a& inistrati%e ;uris&i!tion +s !onsulH M not i unestate' fro !ri inal ;uris&i!tion ofis the re!ei%in, of the PhilippinesH in!lu&in, its !ourtsH prose!ution' <n&er Para,raph 3 of +rti!le #1 of 2' + !onsul of a South + eri!an !ountr" the Eienna Con%ention on Consular 1elationsH a S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: statione& in 8anila was !har,e& with serious !onsular offi!er is not i une fro the !ri inal ph"si!al in;uries' 8a" he !lai 5 unit" fro (2) NoH / !annot for thestate' atta!h ;uris&i!tion of the asD re!ei%in, 5n ent of the ;uris&i!tion of the lo!al !ourtL /0plain' personal properties of8oronH the + )3 :assa&or' +rts' S!hne!Den:ur,er %s' Phil' 2#9H it 30

was an& 31 hel& of that the Eienna a !onsul Con%ention is was not e0e on pt -iplo fro he !ri ati! inal 3' Suppose after he !har,e&H was 1elations pro%i&es prose!ution in the that thewhere papersH he!orrespon&en!e is assi,ne&' appointe& as his !ountr" !ountr"Bs a :assa&or to the an& the propert" @owe%erH as se!retar" of his &iplo in the at a,ents + eri!an shall / :e :ass"H Philippines' Can newl"*,aine& &iplo ati! in%iola:le' M en;o"s 3hereforeH ati! i for a writ unit" fro atta!h !ri his ent inal !annot status :e&iplo a ,roun& &is ofissal of !ri inal :e issue& prose!ution a,ainst +s se!retar"H his furniture he isan& a &iplo an" personal ati! a,ent' !aseL /0plain' properties' <n&er Para,raph 8oreo%erH 1 of on +rti!le the assu 31 of the ption Eienna that the S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: Gin,&o of on Con%ention Nepal -iplo ,rants ati!si 1elationsH ilar prote!tion a &iplo to ati! 1' <n&er +rti!le of the Eienna on Philippine a,ent en;o"s &iplo i 32 ati! unit" a,ents' fro the Se!tion !ri Con%ention inal # of 1epu:li! -iplo 1elationsH &iplo ati! a,ent issue& shall +!t No'ati! ;uris&i!tion 72 pro%i&es of the re!ei%in, thataan" State' writ or pro!ess en;o" i !ourt unit" fro Philippines the !ri inal the :" an" in the for;uris&i!tion the atta!h of ent of re!ei%in, @e shall also i unit" the ,oo&sState' or !hattels of the a en;o" :assa&or of a fro E," -%i*e E"ono+i" @one 689997 forei,n its !i%il State an& to a&the inistrati%e Philippines ;uris&i!tion shall :e %oi&' e0!ept in No M5M' of: :) 6hat is the !on!ept of the e0!lusi%e the !ase e!ono i! =one un&er the <N Con%ention on the (a) + real a!tion relatin, to pri%ate i o%a:le 7aw of the SeaL (2N) propert" situate& in the territor" of the re!ei%in, S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: StateH unless he S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: hol&s it on :ehalf of the sen&in, (3) NoH / !annot asD the !ourt to stop the State for the purposes of the ission; :) 3he e0!lusi%e e!ono i! of=one un&er the &eparture of the + :assa&or the Gin,&o of Con%ention 7aw of the Sea is Nepal fro on thethe Philippines' +rti!le 29 an of area the (:) +n a!tion relatin, to su!!ession in whi!h the :e"on& an& a&;a!ent to the territorial seaH whi!h Eienna Con%ention on -iplo ati! 1elations &iplo ati!e0ten& a,ent is in%oDe& as nauti!al e0e!utorH shall not :e"on& 200 iles shall fro pro%i&es: C3he person of a &iplo ati! a,ent a& inistratorH heir or le,atee as a pri%ate the :aselines@e fro whi!h the territorial sea of is :e in%iola:le' shall not :e lia:le to an"person for an& not :ehalf of the State sen&in, State; easure&' 3he !oastal has in the e0!lusi%e arrest oron &etention'C e!ono i! =one: !i$ o+ati" I++-nity5 Co*erage 6>:<899A7 (!) (a) So%erei,n a!tion to an" the purpose professional of e0plorin, or !iti=ens (2) +n +&a relatin, sri,hts an& for 9aDer are + eri!an !o an& e0ploitin,H er!ial !onser%in, e0er!ise& an& :" ana,in, the &iplo the ati! resi&in, in a!ti%it" the Philippines' +&a s :efrien&e& a,ent natural resour!esH the re!ei%in, whether li%in, outsi&e or non*li%in,H his offi!ial if 9aDer in an& :e!a e a State fre?uent %isitor at his house' fun!tions' the waters super;a!ent to the sea*:e& of of the Ane &a"H +&a s arri%e& with 30 e an& :ers the sea:e& an& su:soilH Poli!eH an& with re,ar& to other Philippine National ar e& with a Sear!h An the other han&H un&er +rti!le #1 of the Eienna a!ti%ities for the e!ono e0ploitation an& house 6arrant authori=in, thei!sear!h of 9aDerBs Con%ention on Consular 1elationsH a !onsular e0ploration of the =oneH as the pro&u!tion of an& its pre ises for su!h &an,erous &ru,s :ein, offi!er &oes not en;o" 5 unit" fro the Cri inal ener," froto the the <nite& waterH States !urrents win&s; traffi!De& ofan& + eri!a' ;uris&i!tion of the re!ei%in, State' <n&er +rti!le #3 of the Eienna Con%ention on Consular (:) >uris&i!tion as pro%i&e& the rele%ant 1elationsH !onsular offi!ers in are not a ena:le to pro%isions of the Con%ention re,ar& to: the >uris&i!tion of the >u&i!ialwith or a& inistrati%e 3he sear!h purporte&l" "iel&e& positi%e authorities of the re!ei%in, State in respe!t of resultsH an& 9aDer was !har,e& with Eiolation a!ts perfor e& in the e0er!ise of !onsular (i) the esta:lish ent an& of artifi!ial of the -an,erous -ru,s +!t'use +&a s was the fun!tions' @owe%erH this &oes not appl" in islan&sH installations an& stru!tures; prose!utionBs prin!ipal witness' @owe%erH for respe!t of a !i%il a!tion either: failure to pro%e his ,uilt :e"on& reasona:le (a) arisin, of a !ontra!t !on!lu&e& :" a &ou:tH out 9aDer was a!?uitte&' (ii) arine s!ientifi! resear!h; an& !onsular offi!er in whi!h he &i& not !ontra!t e0pressl" or i plie&l" as an a,ent of the sen&in, (iii)then the prote!tion preser%ation offilin, the State; 9aDer or sue& +&a an& s for &a a,es for arine en%iron tru pe&*up !har,es ent; a,ainst hi ' + on, the (:) :" a thir& part" for &a a,e arisin, fro an &efenses raise& :" +&a s is that he has a!!i&ent in the re!ei%in, State !ause& :" a &iplo ati! i unit"H !onfor a:l" with the %ehi!leH %esselH or air!raft' (!) Ather ri,hts an& &uties pro%i&e& for the Eienna Con%ention on -iplo ati! 1elations' @e Con%ention' P+rti!le of Notes the Con%ention of the presente& -iplo 2) ati! fro the + eri!an 7aw/ of :ass" the Sea') statin, that he is an a,ent of the S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: <nite& States -ru, /nfor!e ent +,en!" 2' NoH he with a" not !lai i sur%eillan!e unit" fro the tasDe& C!on&u!tin, E,e"-ti*e Agree+ent%5 &inding E##e"t ;uris&i!tion of the lo!al !ourt' <n&er +rti!le #1 of operationsC on suspe!te& &ru, &ealers in the the Eienna 6899:7 Con%ention 1elationsH Philippines :elie%e&of toConsular :e the sour!e of !onsuls &o not&ru,s en;o" :ein, i unit" fro to the !ri inal prohi:ite& the <'S' 5t No MM +n /0e!uti%e +,reeshippe& ent was e0e!ute& >uris&i!tion of the re!ei%in, State' @e is not was also state& that after ha%in, as!ertaine& :etween the Philippines an& a nei,h:orin, State' lia:le totar,etH arrest +&a or &etention pen&in, trial unless s woul& then 3hethe Senate of the Philippines tooD it the offense was !o itte& a,ainst his fatherH

the re?uest the prohi:ition is :ase&H a,ainst the treat" e0 post is appli!a:le' fa!to lawsH (6hite :e!ause anH -i,est the 3reat" of 5nternational is neither a7awH pie!e Eol' of )H pp' 723*72#') !ri inal le,islation nor a !ri inal pro!e&ural statute' 5t erel" pro%i&e& for the e0tra&ition of :) NoH + !annot !ontest his e0tra&ition on the persons wante& for offenses alrea&" ,roun& that it %iolates the e0 post fa!to pro%ision !o itte& at the ti e the treat" was ratifie&' of the Constitution' +s hel& in 6ri,ht %s' Court of +ppealsH 232 SC1+ 3#1H the prohi:ition a,ainst e0 post fa!to laws in Se!tion 22H +rti!le 555 of the F ag State *%= F ag o# 6899;7 Constitution applies to Con*enien"e penal laws onl" an& &oes not to e0tra&ition treaties' II< +'appl" -istin,uish :riefl" :ut !learl" :etween:

/urope No the ' plan 10: :efore of2) >ohn 6orl& Patri!D to assassinate 6ar is55) !har,e& were Presi&ent e0ter with inate& @arr" ille,al was :" the part Na=is' of su!h +lon, plan' with @owe%erH the >ewsH if the another e0tra&ition 9 to re!ruit ent an& estafa :efore the 13C of 8anila' treat" 10 illion !ontains people an($"psies attentat !lauseH an& Sla%s) 1epu:li! + !an @e ;u pe& :ail an& ana,e& to were es!ape to e0tra&ite (6A17:e!ause +78+N+C un&er attentat e&'H + assa!re&' eri!a' >ohnH +ssu e that there the is120 an(#0th e0tra&ition !lauseH 1987))' the taDin, of the life or atte pt a,ainst the treat" :etween the Philippines an& + eri!a an& it life of not a hea& of state or that of the e one :ers of of the &oes in!lu&e ille,al re!ruit ent as his fa il" &oes not !onstitute a politi!al offense e0tra&ita:le offenses' <pon surren&er of Patri!D H-+an Rig't% 619997 an& is therefore e0tra&ita:le' :" the <'S' $o%ern ent to the PhilippinesH Patri!D proteste& that he !oul& not :e trie& for ille,al 1999 No M * +' +NS6/1: $i%e three ultilateral F51S3 +73/1N+35E/ re!ruit ent' -e!i&e' !on%entions on @u an 1i,hts a&opte& un&er the 1epu:li! + a" or !an refuse the re?uest of S<$$/S3/&ire!t auspi!es+NS6/1: of the <nite& NationsL (2N) e0tra&ition of 6illia :e!ause he is not in its (3) 3he fla, state an& the fla, of !on%enien!e' S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: 2) <n&er the prin!iple ofin spe!ialt" in e0tra&itionH territor" an& thus it is not the position to &eli%er S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: Patri!D !annot M' :e trie& for ille,al re!ruit entH hi to 1epu:li! E,tradition5 2ro-nd% 689987 +' 3he followin, are ultilateral !on%entions on sin!e this is not in!lu&e& in the list of e0tra&ita:le F7+$ S3+3/ eans a ship has the nationalit" /%enan if 6illia were in the territorial ;uris&i!tion of @u 1i,hts a&opte& un&er the &ire!t auspi!es No ME555' >ohn is a for er Presi&ent of the offenses in the e0tra&ition treat" :etween the of the fla, of the state it fliesH :ut there ust :e a 1epu:li! of the <nite& +H he Nations: a" not :e e0tra&ite& :e!ause 1epu:li! MH :ent on re,ainin, power whi!h he Philippines an& the <nite& StatesH unless the ,enuine linD :etween the state an& the ship' in!itin, to se&itionH of whi!h he is !har,e&H 1' 5nternational Ci%il an& Politi!al lost to Presi&ent @arr" in an ele!tion' Full" <nite& States Co%enant &oes not on o:;e!t to the trial of (+rti!le 91 of the Con%ention on the 7aw of the !onstitutes a politi!al offense' 5t is a stan&ar& 1i,hts; !on%in!e& that he was !heate&H he set out to Patri!D for 5lle,al re!ruit ent' Sea') pro%ision of e0tra&ition treatiesH su!h as the one &esta:ili=e the ,o%ern ent of Presi&ent @arr" :" 2' Con%ention on the /li 1epu:li! ination of +ll For s of :etween 1epu:li! + an& MH that politi!al F7+$ AF CANE/N5/NC/ refers to a state with eans of a series of protest a!tions' @is plan -is!ri ination a,ainst 6o en; offenses are not e0tra&ita:le' whi!h a %essel is re,istere& for %arious reasons E,tradition5 E##e"ti*ity o# treaty 6199?7 was to weaDen the ,o%ern ent an&H when the su!h as low or low 3' Con%ention on the+NS6/1: 1i,hts of the S/CAN+73/1N+35E/ situation :e!aore non*e0istent ripe for a ta0ation taDe*o%erH to No' ); 1) 3he /0tra&ition 3reat" :etween Fran!e operatin, !osts althou,h the ship has no ,enuine Chil&; assassinate Presi&ent @arr"' #' Con%ention a,ainst 3orture an& Ather CruelH an& 1epu:li! the Philippines 9 !an &en" is the silent re?uest as to of its 1epu:li! appli!a:ilit" M to linD with that state' (@arrisH Cases an& 8aterials 5nhu an 6illia or -e,ra&in, 3reat or Punish 6illia H on the other is 1998H a :elie%er in hu an e0tra&ite :e!ause his ent offense was not a with respe!t to H !ri es !o itte& prior toent; its on 5nternational 7awH han&H 2th e&'H p' #22') ri,hts an& a for er follower of Presi&ent @arr"' effe!ti%it"' politi!al offense' An the :asis of the Notin, the s"ste ati! a!ts of harass ent pre&o inan!e or proportionalit" test his a!ts 2' on e0tra&ition the /li ination of a a) 5nternational Can Fran!eCon%ention &e an& the of +H E,tradition *%= !e$ortation 6199:7 !o itte& :" ,o%ern ent a,ents a,ainst far ers were not &ire!tl" !onne!te& to an" purel" politi!al +ll For national s of 1a!ial -is!riin ination; Fren!h resi&in, the PhilippinesH for an protestin, 619887 the sei=ure of their lan&sH la:orers offense' 2eno"ide No' 10: 1) 6hat is the &ifferen!e if an" :etween offense !o itte& in Fran!e prior to the effe!ti%it" )' Con%ention on the Pre%ention an& Punish ent !o plainin, of low wa,esH an& stu&ents seeDin, e0tra&ition an& &eportationL of the treat"L /0plain' 6hat is C$eno!i&eHC an& what is thewhi!h fore hel& ost of the Cri e of $eno!i&e; an& free tuitionH 6illia or,ani=e& ,roups e0a ple thereof in re!ent histor"L S<$$/S3/E,tradition5 Retroa"ti*e A$$ i"ation 6>8< pea!eful rallies+NS6/1: in front of the Presi&ential Pala!e 7' 5nternational Con%ention on /!ono i!H So!ialH :) Can + !ontest his e0tra&ition on the ,roun& that 899A7 to e0press their ,rie%an!es' S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: an& Cultural 1i,hts 1) 3he followin, are the &ifferen!es :etween (1) 3he Philippines +ustralia into it %iolates the e0 an& post fa!to entere& pro%ision ofa the e0tra&ition An the e%e an& of &eportation: the assassination atte ptH >ohnBs C$eno!i&eC refers to an" of the followin, a!tsH 3reat" of /0tra&ition !on!urre& in :" the Senate Philippine ConstitutionL /0plain' en were :" :ers of the Presi&ential whether !o!au,ht itte& in tie of war or with of the 1 /M31+-535AN iseeffe!te& forpea!eH the :enefit of the Philippines on Septe :er 10H 1990' 9oth Se!urit" $roup' Presi&ent @arr" went on air intent to &estro" in whole or in part nationalH state to whi!h the person :ein, e0tra&ite& will :e ,o%ern ents ha%e notifie& ea!h other that the S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: threatenin, to prose!ute plotters an& &issi&ents of ethni!H ra!ial or reli,ious surren&ere& :e!ause he ,roup: is a fu,iti%e !ri inal in that re?uire ents for the entr" into for!e of the 3reat" his a& inistration' 3he ne0t &a"H the ,o%ern ent stateH while -/PA13+35AN is effe!te& for the prote!tion 1' a) OesH !an asD 5t for the effe!t e0tra&ition of + ha%e :eenFran!e !o plie& with' tooD in 1990' (a) Gillin, :ers of a ,roup; !har,e& >ohn e with assassination atte pt an& of the State e0pellin, an alien :e!ause his presen!e is3he for an offense !o itte& in is Fran!e :efore the +ustralian ,o%ern ent re?uestin, the 6illia with in!itin, to or se&ition' (:) Causin, ental har to its not !on&u!i%e to:o&il" the pu:li! ,oo&' effe!ti%it" of the /0tra&ition 3reat" :etween Philippine ,o%ern ent to e0tra&ite its !iti=enH e :ers; 2 /M31+-535AN is effe!te& on the :asis of an $i:sonH Fran!e an& the Philippines' %s' the who has !o itte& 5n in Cleu,h his !ountr" e0tra&ition >ohn treat" to 1epu:li! or upon +' the 6illia re?uest H on who ofthe another was in stateH in&i!ta:le StraDosh' 109 F2&of 330H it was hel& that an offense A:tainin, Propert" :" (!)fle& -eli:eratel" infli!tin, ,roup while -/PA13+35AN is unilateral a!t of the 1epu:li! 9 atten&in, a the le!ture on &e o!ra!"H e0tra&ition in treat" applies to !ri es !o 1982' 3he sai& offense is a itte& on, !on&itions of life !al!ulate& to :rin, a:out its state -e!eption e0pellin, an &estru!tion alien' was a&%ise& :" his frien&s to sta"or inin 1epu:li! :eforeenu its effe!ti%it" unless the e0tra&ition treat" those erate& as e0tra&ita:le in the 3reat"' ph"si!al in whole part; 9' 3 5n /M31+-535ANH the alien will :e surren&ere& e0pressl" e0e pts the ' +s 6hite an points outH to the state asDin, for his e0tra&itionH while in e0tra&ition &oes not &efine !ri es :ut erel" 9oth + easures an& 1epu:li! 9 ha%e (&) 1epu:li! 5 posin, the to pre%ent :irths -/PA13+35AN un&esira:le alien a" :e sent to pro%i&es a eans :" whi!h a State a" o:tain the !on%entional treaties with 1epu:li! thee0tra&ition ,roup; an& For hispunish &efenseH $i:son asserts that the an" within state willin, to a!!ept hi ' return an& ent of persons !har,e& with or M' retroa!ti%e appli!ation of the e0tra&ition treat" !on%i!te& of ha%in, !o itte& a !ri e who fle& (e) For!i:l" transfor in, !hil&ren of the 5f 1epu:li! M re?uests the e0tra&ition of >ohn a ounts to an e0 post fa!to law' 1ule on the ;uris&i!tion of the State whose law has :een ,roup to another ,roup' (>' S+7AN$+ 4 P' an& O+PH 6illiaP<975C H !an 1epu:li! + &en" the re?uestL $i:sonBs !ontention' %iolate&' 5t is therefore i (2N) aterial whether at the 5N3/1N+35AN+7 7+6 399* 6h"L State "our reason full"' (2N) ti e of the !o ission of the !ri e for whi!h #00 (19))))' S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: is e0tra&ition is sou,ht no treat" $i:son was in e0isten!e' 5f S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: in!orre!t' 5n 6ri,ht Court of +ppealsH $'1' at the ti e e0tra&ition is%' re?ueste& there is in E,tradition5 !o"trine o# S$e"ia ty 6199:7 1epu:li! !an refuse >ohnH No'113213H +u,ust 12H199#H was hel& that for!e :etween the re?uestin, an&itCthe re?ueste& 3he fore + ost e0a ple to of e0tra&ite ,eno!i&e is the:e!ause his offense is a politi!al offense' >ohn was the retroa!ti%e appli!ation of the 3reat" of States a treat" !o%erin, the offense on whi!h @olo!aust (1933*19#2) where a:out ) illion plottin, to taDe o%er the ,o%ern ent an& /0tra&ition &oes not %iolate >ews (two thir&s of the >ewish population of

3)an&ate& Co%enant !onstitution 6hat of Se!tion lan,ua,e on territories or Ci%il ,rante& 11H an& shall +rti!le whi!h Politi!al :" :e 55 law' use& &i& (Possession For not 1i,hts in attain e0a the pro%i&es: plea&in,s pleH of the CNo it :)is 1) 1 Can 5f Philippine or&er No%a onl" 6here to an& in%esti,ateH esta:lish !ourts + is the eria seat that pro:a:le are no will of power e the &e!i&e !auseH :ers 5nternational of of a&;u&i!ation the as the !aseH re?uire& <nite& Court the" one Prohi:ite& li:ert" in&epen&en!e shall to ar,u enter :e su:;e!te& status -ru,s) into :" of to the 1epu:li! torture en& is not of or +!t a the tohu !ruelH (1'+') Se!on& an ri,ht No' an& oral entL!ontra!ts NationsH of will >usti!eL uphol& :" Se!tions No%a the 11N) !an Constitution 33he an& pre seat # ise of of 1ule o%er its the !ause 12)' international 5nternational of 5n a!tion an" law' Court on inhu :ut 6orl& is 91)2 a an 6ar' !i%il or (Co &e,ra&in, 3rust ri,ht' prehensi%e territories treat-an,erous an& entthe or punish 3rusteeship -ru,s ent'C +!t a it of 5f %iolation >usti!e is e%entH an international is of there at +rti!le the is @a,ue no 2(#) tri:unal showin, of or the elsewhereH that that <nite& will the&e!i&e Nations re?uisite as it the a" #) 5n !ase State +H the petitionerH falls to appear Coun!il of 2002) are !reate& for the sear!h :" the <N an&Charter' sei=ure of heroin CharterH &e!i&eH !aseH ?uantu it will e0!ept whi!h uphol& of&urin, re?uires pro:a:le international the !ause e ;u&i!ial :ers law was %a!ations too%er refrain esta:lishe& uni!ipal the fro at the oral ar,u entH !an State 9H the in the !a:in of the Captain of the 8SS H-+an Rig't%5 and Po fi0 iti"a the &ates law' threat :" +s an& hel& ere or &uration :" use referen!e the of Ci*i of Per for!e whi!h to anent ''' the itaffi&a%its shall 5nternational (5'C'>' an&Rig't% other Court 3he trusteeship s"ste Chapters respon&entH o%e for theun&er &is issal of the M55 an& IntJ Co-rt o#a.-%ti"e5 .-ri%di"tion O*er State% 5n a!!or&an!e with +rti!le 2 of the Co%enant on SeastarH forei,n*re,istere& %essel whi!h 6199?7 StatuteH of >usti!e &o!u +rt' in entar" the 22)'!ase e%i&en!e of thepresente&' Polish Nationals in M555 of the <N Charter is esta:lishe& un&er the 2) 9" %irtue of the prin!iple of so%erei,n petitionL Ci%ilwas an& Politi!al oore& at 1i,htsH the South it is the @ar:orH o:li,ation 8anilaH of its the 2 -an=i,H a @ow Statean" !annot are in%oDe its e its :ersL own (1N) Constitution 3he 199? No' no 1: 1) -istin,uish !i%il :e ri,htsa&e fro a super%ision of the <N 3rusteeship Coun!il un&er i unit"H so%erei,n state !an S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: Philippines port of &estination' to ensure that -r' 8en,ele has an Court to e%a&e is !o o:li,ations pose& of in!u fifteen :ent eupon :ers it who un&er ust :e 199; No ' 20: 3he so%erei,nt" o%er !ertain politi!al ri,hts an& ,i%e an e0a ple of ea!h ri,ht' the authorit" of the $eneral +sse :l" for the part" to a pro!ee&in, :efore the 5nternational 0andate% and Tr-%t Territorie% 6899:7 effe!ti%e re e&"H that he shall ha%e his ri,ht to of hi,h oral international law' !hara!ter an& possess the islan&s 3) <n&er is +rti!le &ispute& :etween of the Statutes State so!io*e!ono + ofan& the State i! pro otion of 39 politi!al an& Court of >usti!e unless it has ,i%en its !onsent' 5f 9ase& the affi&a%its of the su!h a re on e&" &eter ine& :" !o appli!antBs petent ?ualifi!ations re?uire& in their respe!ti%e !ountries 9' 3heseent two a,ree& su:territories it their No ME55has * 6hat are the so*!alle& 8an&ates an& 5nternational Court of >usti!eH theto offi!ial &e%elop ofstates peoples in trust + eria not a!!epte& the >uris&i!tion of the 2) 6hat areent the of ;u&i!ial !i%il an& politi!al witnesses who were the !rew e :ers for appoint to relations the hi,hest offi!e or are authorit"H an& to ensure enfor!e entof ofthe su!h &isputes in&epen&ent to 5nternational Court of >usti!e 3rust 3erritoriesL the <nite& Nations lan,ua,es of the the !ourt are /n,lish an& Fren!h' 5n +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1 towar&s status' + new feature of the 5nternational Court of-oes >usti!e' + eria !an in%oDe ri,hts to hu an ri,htsL /0plain' %esselH the" saw a :o0 !ontainin, ten (10) ;uris!onsults of re!o,ni=e& !o peten!e in re e&" when ,rante&' P5C>Q' e0er!ise so%erei,nt" these territoriesL the the a:sen!e of an a,ree is entH part" a" <N trusteeship s"ste the ea!h !reation of a new the &efense of la!D ofo%er ;uris&i!tion' /%en if + 5n eria 5 woul& taDe law the (5'C'>' proposition assi,ne& Dilo,ra s of heroin un&er the :e& in the international StatuteH +rt' 2)' to 3ea CCC S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: affir ati%eH how is ;uris&i!tion this ;uris&i!tion e0er!ise&L use the lan,ua,e it prefers' +t the strate,i! re?uest of an" !ate,or" of territoriesH the trust has a!!epte& the of the !ourt :ut the 1) -oes the 5C> ha%e ;uris&i!tion to taDe +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: An the assu ption as nearer to the le,al realit" the CaptainBs !a:in' 3he 13C foun& pro:a:le 3 :ein, 6hat is the ter of their offi!eL (1N) in 3he" part"H the !ourt authori=e part" to use a the territoriesH whi!h a" is un&er the a super%ision of a!!eptan!e is li ite& an& the li itation applies to !o,ni=an!e ofthe theis !aseL 1) 3he ter for CC5E57 15$@3SC referssta,,ere& to Constitution the ri,hts that !ause -r' 8en,ele a forei,nerH !lai warrant; will ha%e PhilippinesH na el"H !ountr"Bs for issuan!e of a his sear!h are ele!te& a ter ofC+ nine "earsH at lan,ua,e other than /n,lish or Se!urit" Coun!il instea& of Fren!h' the 3rusteeship the !aseH it a" in%oDe su!h li itation its !onsent S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: se!ure& o%er :"inter%als the !onstitution of an" or first !ountr" to :e &ire!te& a,ainst the the e :ers of 6alan, pre%ails international law :ut international law ne%erthelessH it &enie& appli!ation on the three*"ear :" &i%i&in, thestate ;u&,es 2) 6ho shall represent the parties :efore the Coun!il' as a :ar to the assu ption of ;uris&i!tion' #) <n&er 23 of the Philippine Statutes of the to all its 5nha:itants an& not !onne!te& with the the Su,at on +rti!le the :asis law an& :e pre%ails o%er uni!ipal statutesC' ele!te& into three e?ual ,roups an& assi,nin, ,roun& that Philippine !ourts ha%e no 3he 8an&ates were the o%erseas possessions of CourtL 5nternational Court of !on&itionsH >usti!eH whene%er of <n&er fore,oin, the <nite& Nations or,ani=ation inistration of ,o%ern a&&resse& to the ;uris&i!tion Philippine !ourts' :" lotter" ter or s ofa& threeH si0 an& nine "ears entH !ri the inal ;uris&i!tion o%er of %iolations ofone 1'+' the &efeate& states of $er an" an& 3urDe" whi!h S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: the a" parties not91)2 :e &oes sai& not to appear e0er!ise :efore so%erei,nt" the !ourt o%er or trust respe!ti%el"' 5f ;uris&i!tion :een + eria !an P9la!DH @an&:ooD of re*ele!tion + a!!epte&H eri!an is Constitutional @is !lai a" :e :ase& on ,enerall" 5 has e&iate allowe& No' !o itte& on the forei,n*re,istere& were pla!e& :" the 7ea,ue un&erof the 3his isH howe%erH su:;e!t of to Nations the pla!e fails to &efen& its !aseH the other part" a" asD territoriesH the fun!tions an& powers of the (5'C'>' in%oDe thee&'H principle of anticipatory self-defense 7awH #th 22)') PA7535C+7 15$@3S !onsist H a!!epte& prin!iples of international lawH whi!h StatuteH +rt' 13)' %essels foun& in Philippine waters' 1) 3he 5nternational Court of >usti!e has a& inistration international law of in the an&atories Philippine to Constitutional pro ote their the 3rusteeship Coun!il in fa%or an& of the its $eneral !lai ' 2H +sse :l" # re!o,ni=e& !usto ar" international lawH in the power to its parti!ipateH &ire!tl" or in&ire!tl"H in for !ourt part to of &e!i&e Philippine law un&er Se!tion 6ho un&er is in!u :ent presi&entL (1N) 3he ;uris&i!tion o%er the !aseH :e!ause the parties &e%elopin ent an& ulti ate settin, whi!h treaties or in&epen&en!e' !usto ar" nor (@arrisH s in 5s the rulin, of the !ourt !orre!tL Support @owe%erH the !ourt :efore &oin, soH :ein, li of ite& to a&ustH inistration an& super%ision :e!ause No%a is of plannin, to @i,,ins' laun!h an atta!D the :ent ana,e ent the ,o%ern ent' 3husH !i%il +rti!le 55 the Constitution' @is !lai a" :e in!u Presi&ent is 1osal"n ha%e ;ointl" su: itte& the !ase to it an& ha%e Cases an& 8aterials international law stan& on in5nternational parit" with statutes 7awH 2th an& e&'H answer with (2N) satisf" un&er the itself prin!iple itrele%ant has >uris&i!tion of reasons' self*&eter ination that the as set a,ainst + eria :" usin, the it N) :ou,ht fro ri,hts ha%e nohisIher relation to ar the s(1 esta:lish entH 6hat is nationalit"L She is a pre "our ise& on nor s ofan& international lawforth 2 thus in&i!ate& their !onsent to its ;uris&i!tion' p' !ase 131') of 6hen the <nite& Nations repla!e& the in irre!on!ila:le !onfli!tH this a" :e !lai well foun&e& in fa!t an& law' in 9resia' national ana,e ofent the <nite& or support Gin,&oof or the a 9ritish ,o%ern su:;e!t' ent' of hu is an ri,hts' 7ea,ue of resol%e& :" NationsH Ie0 posteriori the s"ste &ero,at of le08an&ates priori as the was 2) Parties to a !ase a" appoint a,ents to +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: 3he !ourtBs rulin, (+nthon" (NA3/: Sin!e %s' 9urrowH ?uestions 129 5M(#) F 783)' an& 5M(2) &o not test 3) 5f ;uris&i!tion + eria is esta:lishe&H repla!e& the o%er S"ste of 3rust 3erritories' 3he Supre e :" Court o:iter &i!tu in +::as the %' appear :efore the 5nternational Court of >usti!e is not !orre!t' 3he forei,n*re,istere& %essel the e0a ineesB Dnowle&,e of the lawH it is in&i%i&ual trust a,ree ents !on!lu&e& in a!!or&an!e CA8/7/C with shoul& !ase :e &e!i&e& in fa%or of No%aH '''' if <nite& Nations hol&s' e0er!ise& @en!eH a statute resi&uar" ena!te& so%erei,nt" later Internationa La1 o# Sea in their :ehalfH an& these a,ents nee& not :e <n&er international lawH -r' 8en,ele firstthrou,h was not inCon*ention5 transit' 5t was oore& in ust South su,,este& that the" :e &isre,ar&e&) the <N Charter' <N ;urisi&i!tion is t'e e0er!ise& the the ;uris&i!tion o%er + eria is not esta:lishe&H the o%er the!on!lusion 3rust 3erritories throu,h the 3rustee than or effe!ti%it" of a treat" a" 6899;7 T u%tee%'i+ unde t'e aut'o ity o) their own nationals' @owe%erH un&er +rti!le 1) of C5E57 15$@3S &efines the relations of in&i%i&ual e0haust the reCouncil e&ies un&er Philippine law@en!eH :efore @ar:orH 8anilaH its port of &estination' ) 5n 1980H the <nite& States file& with the !ase shoul& :e &e!i&e& in fa%or of + eria PowersH pre%ail' who e0er!ise& the powers of so%erei,nt" (2*:) /n !ri route to the tuna fishin, ,roun&s in the t'e Gene al A%%e"*ly& exce+t !it' e%+ect the Statutes of the 5nternational Court >usti!eH a on,st the sel%es while aPA7535C+7 15$@3S his in&i%i&ual !lai !an :e taDen up :" of the State an" e !o itte& on :oar& sai& %esselH 5nternational Court of >usti!e !o plaint a,ainst :e!auseto ofsuper%ision the prin!iple of an& so%erei,n i unit"' su:;e!t :" a!!ounta:ilit" to the Pa!ifi! A!eanH anational %essel re,istere& in Countr" 5n the Philippine le,al s"ste H there are no nor s no e ategic :er ofa the !ourt a" ito appear as a,ent in &efines the relations of 5n&i%i&uals %is*a*%is the to %t a ea% te ie% !'ic' a e of whi!h he is unless sai& State !an liDe possession of o heroinH is the tria:le :" our 36 5ran alle,in, that the latter is &etainin, + eri!an <nite& Nations' (Appenhei *7auterpa!htH entere& the 9alintan, Channel north of 9a:u"an hi,her than !onstitutional nor s' 3he fa!t that the an" !ase' state' C5E57 15$@3S e0ten& prote!tion to satisfa!toril" +laced unde show t'e it /u is its i%diction own interests o) t'e that #ecu are ity !ourts (<'S' %' +h Sin,H $'1' No' 13002H &iplo ats in %iolation of 5nternational 7aw' /0plain all 5nternational 7awH Eol' 5H 7th e&'H pp' 213*21#') 5slan& an& with spe!ial hooDs an& nets &ra,,e& Constitution ,enerall" a!!epte& prin!iples inha:itants of aDes a stateH while PA7535C+7 15$@3S &ire!tl" in;ure&' this !on&ition fulfille&H Council. A!to:er 10H5f 1917)H e0!ept ifis the !ri e the sai& how the 5nternational Court of >usti!e !an a!?uire 0-ni"i$a La1 *%= Internationa La1 6899:7 (Sin!e there are no ore 3rust 3erritoriesH this is up re& !orals foun& near 9atanes' 9" of international law or !on%entional international prote!t erel" its !iti=ens' StateBs !lai the will internal :e &ire!te& a,ainst the in%ol%es ana,e ent of the ;uris&i!tion o%er these !onten&in, !ountries' (2N) IntJ a Co-rt o# .-%ti"e5 Li+itation% On ;ust atter of histori!al interest') IntJ Co-rt .-%ti"e5 .-ri%di"tion O*er State% No ME5* o# +n or,ani=ation of law stu&ents international !on%ention !ertain !orals are law as +rti!le part of3) Philippine law StatutesH &oes not :oth aDe the Philippines as a su:;e!t of international law' 3hus %essel' <n&er of the 5'C'>' parties .-ri%di"tion 619997 6199;7 sponsore& an to inter*s!hool &e:ate a of on, three prote!te& spe!iesH ;ust the !lai %essel rea!he& superior to statutor" !larifie& in ;uris&i!tion Se!retar" it woul& !ease :e an:efore in&i%i&ual -r' ust a,ree to su: it lawH the as sel%es to the No M ples * 9' <n&er StatuteH ,i%e li itations tea s with the followin, assi,n ents an& /0a of !i%ilits ri,hts are the two ri,hts a,ainst the hi,h seasH Coast $uar& patrol inter!epte& of >usti!e 8en,ele' the 5nternational Court of >usti!e' No' 19; 3he State of No%aH !ontrolle& :" an H-+an Rig't%5 Ci*i and Po iti"a Rig't% +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: in%oluntar" on the ;uris&i!tion ser%itu&eH of the reli,ious 5nternational free&o Court H the of propositions +73/1N+35E/ forsei=e& ea!h +NS6/1: tea to &efen&: 3he 13C tuna' a" %' 7antion an& Philip 8orris &e!isions' the %essel an& its !ar,o in!lu&in, authoritarian ,o%ern entH ha& unfrien&l" relations 619987 >usti!eL (2N) -r' 8en,eleBs assert its !ase a" !on!ern o%er the international !ase :" ,uarantee a,ainst unreasona:le sear!hes an& 3he aster of;uris&i!tion the %essel an& the owner ofin%oDin, the with its nei,h:orin, stateH + eri!a' 9reslaH another 3ea C+C * 5nternational law pre%ails o%er 8an&ates pertains to the an&ate s"ste Ne-tra ity o# State% 619887 law nor s on State responsi:ilit"' 9ut the that sei=uresH li:ert" of a:o&eH the prohi:ition a,ainst the territorial prin!ipleH whi!h pro%i&es !ar,o proteste&H !lai in, the ri,hts of transit No' 12: 6alan, Su,atH nei,h:orin, stateH shippin, s an& esta:lishe& uni!ipal law' 3ea ha& C9C :een * 8uni!ipal law ar pre%ails S<$$/S3/un&er +NS6/1: +rti!le 22 ofa the%i,ilante Co%enant,roup of the No ' 20: Swit=erlan& an&the +ustralia are outstan&in, appli!ation !ri es !o of inno!ent these itte& nor within s re?uire a stateBs that territorial the :asis i prison ent for &e:tH ri,ht to tra%elH e?ual passa,e an& passa,eH an& sou,ht !o pose&of of Nations pri%ate :usiness an& !i%i! a unitions to No%a for3ea use in CCC atta!Din, + eria' o%er international law' * + !ountr"Bs 7ea,ue for the en tutela,e an& 9' 3he are statesH the ri,ht li itations on the e0a plesfollowin, of neutrali=e& of responsi:ilit" is the rele%ant a!ts that that !an prote!tionH &ue pro!essH the to arr"H ri,ht to :oun&aries an& persons within re!o%er" of the !ar,o an& the release ofterritor"H the :e ship' lea&ers pre%iousl" %i!ti i=e& the Nationalist Constitution pre%ails o%er international law :ut ,uar&ianship of !olonies an& :" territories for erl" ;uris&i!tion of the 5nternational of >usti!e attri:ute& either per the anentl" Philippines or as poraril"H a State'are su:;e!t return to this !ountr" an& ri,ht toCourt e&u!ation' 5s the !lai to eritorious or te notL 1eason :riefl"' Patrioti! +r " (NP+) re:el ,roupH was i the pli!ate& 1' 6hat the !hara!teristi!s of a neutrali=e& international law pre%ails o%er uni!ipal statutes' hel& :" are $er an" an& 3urDe" :efore First 3o to forestall an atta!DH + law' eria >uris&i!tion pla!e& floatin, un&er its Statute: the appli!ation of lo!al a" (2N) in the 6arH stateL torture Di&nappin, of -r' 8en,eleH a 6orl& :" an& a %i!torious power on :ehalf of the ines on the territorial surroun&in, @en!eH un&er the prin!iple of attri:ution also :e asserte& on waters the :asis of the it is No%a' 1' Anl"NP+ states :e parties in were !asesprepare& :efore it' for Dnown s" a" pathi=er' 7ea,ue of Nations until the" + eria supporte& ,roup of re:els 2' 5s neutralit" withare neutrali=ationL 5f S<$$/S3/5f "ou were ,i%en +NS6/1; aa !han!e 3he to !lai !hoose ofor,ani=e& the inno!ent !orre!t /0a ples of s"non" politi!al ous ri,hts the ri,ht of ne!essar" to show that the a!ts of the %i,ilante uni%ersalit" prin!ipleH whi!h !onfers upon all to (+rti!le 3#) in&epen&en!e' 3erritories un&er an&ate were not a) <n&er pu:li! international lawH what rules o%erthrow ,o%ern ent of No%a an& too%er repla!e notH &istin,uish one fro the :l"H other' passa,e propositionH isthe not whi!h eritorious' woul& "ou 6hile taDe the an& %essel wh"L has suffra,eH the ri,ht of asse an& the ri,ht to ,roup 6alan, Su,at :e le,all" attri:ute& to states ri,ht to!an e0er!ise ;uris&i!tion un&er the so%erei,nt" of an" State; the" were 2' 3he !onsent of the parties is nee&e& for the properl" appl"L 6hat lia:ilitiesH if an"H arise it with a frien&l" ,o%ern ent' the ri,ht of ;uris inno!ent passa,eH shoul& not !o petition for re&ress of ,rie%an!es' Philippines :" the State of it whi!h -r' 8en,ele &eli!ta ,entiu or international !ri esH it a& inistere& :" a an&ator" power whi!h was !ourt to a!?uire ;uris&i!tion o%er a in%ol%e !ase' (+rti!le thereun&er if 6alan, Su,atBs ent is a ofthe an" international !on%ention' 3he is %iolation a su!h national' as international traffi! nar!oti!s' 3he S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: responsi:le to the 7ea,ue of Nations for the 3)) !onfir e&' %essel &i& not erel" na%i,ate throu,h the possession 10aD,s' ofa,ainst heroin !onstitutes No%a &e!i&e& toof file !ase + eria in the &e%elop ent an& welfare of the &isa&%anta,e& 5 shall taDe theitproposition fortherefore 3ea C'?ualifies 2) @u an ri,hts are :roa&er in s!ope than !i%il 3he appli!ation of treat" nor s of !orals international territorial seaH also &ra,,e& re& in !o er!ial ?uantit" an& as :) -oes the Co ission on in&epen&en!e' @u an 1i,hts ha%e 5nternational Court of >usti!e su:;e!t peoples 5nternational 7aw an&su!h uni!ipal law arewhi!h supre e an& politi!al ri,hts' towar&s 3he" also in!lu&e so!ialH 3husH law on hu an ri,htsH as the pro%ision %iolation of the international !on%ention traffi!Din, of nar!oti!s' the powerterritories to in%esti,ate an& the a&;u&i!ate the an&ate& were un&er ;uris&i!tion IntJ Co-rt o# La1 .-%ti"e5 Partie%5 eading% and of 1) An what ,roun&s a" No%aBs !auses a!tion in their own respe!ti%e fiel&s' Neither hasof to e!ono i!H an& !ultural ri,hts' @u P an ri,hts are Internationa *%= 0-ni"i$a La15 Territoria a,ainst torture in the 5nternational Co%enants in prote!te& the re& !orals' 3his is pre;u&i!ial the atterL the an&ator" powerH to of the super%ision of Ora Arg-+ent 6199;7 a,ainst +Politi!al eria :e :ase&L he,e on" o%er the other' (9rownlieH Prin!iples of inherent in Internationa persons fro su:;e!t the fa!t their hu anit"' Ci%il an& 1i,hts pertain to States' 3he Prin"i$ e5 Cri+e% 6>8<899A7 ,oo& or&er of the Philippines' (+rti!le 19(2) of the the 7ea,ue of Nations' S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: Pu:li! 7awH e&' p' 127') <n&er /%er" an possesses the e%er"where an& at all a!ts of 5nternational pri%ate !o posin, Su,at Con%ention on !iti=ens the 7aw of#th the Sea) No' 20: 3he so%erei,nt" o%er !ertain islan&s is 2) An what ,roun&s a" + 6alan, eria o%e to +rti!le 55H Se!tion 2 the of the 1987 ConstitutionH the ti es si pl" :e!ause he is a 8a,itin, hu an :ein,' An the Conse?uentl"H &enial of the sear!h (2) Poli!e Affi!er @enr" of !annot the sel%es !onstitute a %iolation :" the a) An the :etween assu ption that -r' 8en,ele isthe a3hese &ispute& State + an& State 9' &is iss the !ase with the 5C>L 3he ,eneral le,al eworD of the an&ate ,enerall" a!!epte& prin!iples international law other han&H so e fra !i%il an& politi!al ri,hts are not warrant shoul& ha%e :eenof an!hore& on the Nar!oti!s Se!tion of the 6estern Poli!e -istri!t Philippines as a State' forei,nerH torture the 5nternational two stateshis a,ree& to %iolates su: it their &isputes to the -e!i&e the !ase' Internationa Co-rt o# .-%ti"e 6>9<899?7 s"ste passe& into the trusteeship s"ste the for part of the law of the lan&' Sin!e the" erel" natural ri,hts' 3he" e0ist :e!ause the" are of failure of the !ourt to !on&u!t personal applie& foron a sear!h warrant in the 1e,ional 3rial Co%enant Ci%il an& Politi!al 1i,htsH to whi!h 5nternational Court of >usti!e P5C>Q' S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: <nite& NationsH to,ether with ha%e the for!e ofof lawH prote!te& :" a for e0a ination theifwitnesses to the !ri e in Court of 8anila %iolation S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: the Philippine has a!!e&e&' +rti!le 7 of the

fi,htin, wish SU22ESTE! passa,e to taDe troops' of warships anANS4ER: a!ti%e <n&er throu,h part +rt in international 8antranas #3 of theStrait politi!s' <nite& %arious parts ofthis +sia' 3he >apanese $o%ern 9atanes' 9" international !on%ention !ertain Auter spa!e in esti ate :e,ins fro the ent has 3he power without ,i%in, that an" ,uarantee reason therefor' its neutrali=ation Su:se?uentl"H :e a!!or&in,l" laun!he& a ,oo&will !a!an pai,n an&in has Nations CharterH !o plian!e with the !alla" for !orals prote!te& spe!ies' >ust :efore lowest are altitu&e an artifi!ial satellite re the ain 3he followin, are the &istin!tions :etween &e another oti%ate& warship either of :" 9eta :alan!e passe& of power throu,h theto sai& offere& the Philippine $o%ern ent su:stantial enfor!e ent a!tion a,ainst State M!onsi&erations has :e %essel rea!he& hi,h seasHof the Coast or:it' <n&er the the 8oon 3reat" 1979 the$uar& oon fa!to re!o,nition an& &e >ure re!o,nition of a ora&e straitH :" the an& was fire& to upon aDe the :"a weaD /psilonBs state !oastal a :uffer assistan!e for!elestial a pro,ra thatan& will pro R throu,h patrol inter!epte& the %essel its !ar,o in &esire a!!or&an!e with spe!ial a,ree ent an& the other :o&ies for sei=e& partote of outer ,o%ern ent: :etween :atter"' the territories proteste& of the the aforesai& ,reat powers' a!t of /psilon (>' ent ,o%ern an& non*,o%ern or,ani=ations in!lu&in, tuna' 3he aster of ental the %essel an& the R with the9eta Se!urit" Coun!il an& su!h a,ree spa!e' ent 1 -e fa!to re!o,nition is pro%isionalH &e >ure S+7AN$+ &rawin, attention 4 P' O+PH to P<975C e0istin, 5N3/1N+35AN+7 !usto ar"for!esH wo ensB ri,htsH !hil& welfareH !lai nutrition fa il" owner of the !ar,o proteste&H in, an& the ri,hts shall ,o%ern the nuthe :ers an& t"pes of 5n outer spa!eH the spa!e satellites or o:;e!ts are re!o,nition islaw relati%el" per anent; 7+6 &e,ree international 7) (19))))' that the re,i e of inno!ent health !are' of transit passa,e an& inno!ent passa,eH an& their of rea&iness an& ,eneral lo!ationsH un&er the ;uris&i!tion of States of re,istr" whi!h 2 the-e fa!to re!o,nition &oes not %est title in passa,e (e%en of transit passa,e) isassistan!e non* an& nature of the fa!ilities an& tothe sou,ht re!o%er" of the !ar,o an& the release of !o%ers astronauts an& !os onauts' 3his atter is ,o%ern ent :" to/psilon itseproperties a:roa&; >ure suspen&a:le' !ountere& that &e 8antranas the ship' 5s the !lai eritorious or notL 1eason :e supplie& :ers of the <nite& Nations' 2' Firstl"H neutralit" o:tains onl" &urin, warH +n e0e!uti%e a,ree ent is of a:out to :e si,ne& for !o%ere& :" the 1e,istration A:;e!ts in Spa!e re!o,nition Strait is not &oes; a ne!essar" routeH there :ein, another :riefl"' (2N) S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1; 3he !lai whereas neutrali=ation is a !on&ition that applies that purpose' 3he an& a,ree ent in!lu&es !lause Con%ention of 197# the 7ia:ilit" for -a a a,e 3 -e fa!to re!o,nition is La15 li ite& to !ertain ;uri&i!al suita:le alternati%e route' 1esol%e thePri+ary a:o%e* of inno!ent passa,e is not eritorious' 6hile the So-r"e% o# in pea!e or in Internationa war' Se!on&l"H neutrali=ation isB a where:" the Philippine $o%ern ent a!Dnowle&,es Cause& :" Spa!e& A:;e!ts Con%ention of 1972' relations; &e ;ure re!o,nition :rin,s a:out full &iplo entione& !ontro%ers"H /0plain "our answer' (#N) ati! %essel has the ri,ht of inno!ent passa,eH it shoul& S-b%idiary So-r"e% status !reate& :" 6899:7 eans of treat"H whereas that an" lia:ilit" to the C!o fort wo enC or their relations' (Cru=' 5nternational 7aw' 199) e&'' p' 83') not !o it a %iolation of an" international neutralit" is a "our status !reate& un&er international &es!en&ants are &ee e& !o%ere& :" the No ME * State ,eneral un&erstan&in, of the Prin"i$ e o#3he A-to<Li+itation !on%ention' %essel &i& not6>19<899?7 erel" na%i,ate S<$$/S3/lawH ar" :" sour!es eans +NS6/1: of a an& stan&su:si&iar" on the part sour!es of a state of not reparations a,ree ents si,ne& an& i ple ente& pri 1' 6hat is the prin!iple of auto*li itationL throu,h the territorial seaH it also &ra,,e& re& to si&e with lawH an" ,i%in, of the parties at war' 3hir&l"H i e&iatel" after the Se!on& 6orl& 6ar' international an illustration ea!h' +ssu in, that /psilon an& 9eta areof parties to (2'2N)in +73/1N+35E/ <n&er the !orals %iolation of the+NS6/1: international !on%ention ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: neutralit" is :rou,ht a:out :" a unilateral the <NC7ASH ANS4ER: the !ontro%ers" a":e resol%e& prin!iple of auto*li an" state a" :" its whi!h prote!te& theitationH re& !orals' 3his is pre;u&i!ial SU22ESTE! &e!laration :" the neutral StateH while 3he &istin!tion :etween &e fa!to re!o,nition an& >uliano 5,lesiasH &es!en&ant of now as follows: !onsentH e0press i plie&H su: it to a a 19(2) to the ,oo& or&er or of a the Philippines' (+rti!le neutrali=ation !annot :e effe!te& <n&er +rti!le 38 of the of :" the 5nternational &e ;ure re!o,nition ofStatute a State is unilateral not !leara!tH in &e!ease& !oitsfort wothe anH seeDs "our a&%i!e on restri!tion of so%erei,n ri,hts' 3here a" thus of the Con%ention on 7aw of the Sea) <n&er the <NC7ASH warships en;o" a ri,ht of :ut ust :e re!o,ni=e& :" other States' (5&') Court of >usti!eH P158+1O SA<1C/S of international law' 5t the isH howe%erH usuall" assu e& the %ali&it" theof a,ree ent' +&%ise ' :e a !urtail ofent what otherwise is hi a plenar" inno!ent passa,e' 5t the appearin, that the portion of international followin,: as a point law of are &istin!tion that while &e fa!to power (1ea,an %' C51H $'1' 7*2)379H -e!e :er S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: /psilonBs territorial sea in ?uestion is a strait use& O-ter S$a"e5 re!o,nition is .-ri%di"tion pro%isional 6899:7 an& hen!e a" :e 27H 19)9)' for international na%i,ationH /psilon has no ri,ht 3he a,ree ent is %ali&' 3he !o fort wo en an& with&rawnH &e ;ure re!o,nition is final an& !annot 1 5nternational !on%entions H e','H Eienna No M5M * 6hat is outer*spa!eL 6ho or ri,ht whi!h un&er international law to suspen& the of their &es!en&ants !annot assert :e with&rawn' Con%ention on the 7aw of 3reaties' Rig't% and Ob igation -nder UN in&i%i&ual C'arter !lai s !an e0er!ise ;uris&i!tion o%er astronauts while inis inno!ent passa,e' +rti!le #2(2) of the <NC7AS a,ainst >apan' +s state& in -a%is 4 8oore %s' 2 5nternational s H e','H the 619917 Confronte& with the !usto e that er,en!e of sa:ota,eH a new :e politi!al outer spa!eL !lear in pro%i&in, there shall no Re"i$ro"ity 1e,anH #23 <'S' *= Prin"i$ )2#H the e o# so%erei,n A-to<Li+itation authorit" of a prohi:ition a,ainst sla%er"H an& the prohi:ition a,ainst entit" in the international !o unit"H a State a" suspension of inno!ent passa,e throu,h straits No ' 1#: State M in%a&es an& !on?uers State O' +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: 6>19<899?7 State to settle !lai s of its nationals a,ainst forei,n torture' e0perien!e so e &iffi!ult" in respon&in, to the use& for international na%i,ation' 3he Nations Se!urit":een Coun!il &e!lares the 2' <nite& 6hat is repeate&l" the relationship :etween re!ipro!it" !ountries has re!o,ni=e&' 3his 3 $eneral prin!iples law re!o,ni=e& :" !i%ili=e& 3here are se%eral s!hools of thou,ht re,ar&in, the in%asion an& !on?uest ille,al an& or&ers an ?uestion whether the newof politi!al or&er ?ualifies an& the prin!iple of auto*li itationL (2'2N) a" :e a&e without the !onsent of the nationals nationsH e','H pres!riptionH res ;u&i!ataH &eter ination of outer spa!eH su!h as an& the &ue li lawH it of to :e re,ar&e& as a state un&er international e :ar,o a,ainst State M' An the assu ption that the straits in ?uestion is not international +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: 6hen the Philippines or e%en without !onsultation with the ' Sin!e the pro!ess' airparti!ular fli,htH thefro hei,ht at ospheri! infinit"H Su:se?uentl"H the sa e <'N' :o&" a&opts a in theof %iewpoint of itsspa!eH effe!ti%eness use& for international na%i,ationH still the enters into treatiesH ne!essaril"H these international !ontinue& a it" :etween a State an& other the lowest altitu&e of anaartifi!ial satelliteH an& an an& in&epen&en!e on per anent :asis' 3he !allin, for an enton a!tion a,ainst suspension of inno!ent passa,e :" /psilon !annot resolution a,ree ents !ontain li itations Philippine !ountries a" a" re?uire aenfor!e satisfa!tor" !o pro ise of altitu&e appro0i aero&"na i! lift' +nother re!o,ni=in, State atin, a" !onsi&er its a!t in re,ar& to M un&er Chapter E55 of the <'N' Charter' :e effe!ti%e :e!ause suspension is re?uire& un&er State so%erei,nt"' !onsi&eration in this to partial surren&er utual !lai 3he sH the ne!essar" power aDe su!h s!hool of thou,ht the law the new politi!al pro!ee&s entit" as:" analo," erel" a to &e fa!to .H aises <'N' e:een :erH reli,iousl" with international law to :e &ul" pu:lishe& :efore it !an State of so%erei,nt" is the re!ipro!al !o !o it plies ent of other !o pro has re!o,ni=e&' 3he settle ent of the sea' 5t iproposes that it a State shoul& e0er!ise re!o,nitionH pl"in, that a" with&raw it if in e :ar,o :ut part thee0e!uti%e taDe effe!t' 3here :ein, no pu:li!ation prior to the the !ontra!tin, states in ,rantin, the sa in e pri%ile,e an& of su!h !lai srefuses a" to :etaDe a&e :" full so%erei,nt" up to out the hei,ht to whi!h an air!raft the en& it turns that the !on&itions of ent sen&in, aFor e&i!al ission suspension of inno!ent passa,e :" 9etaBs warshipH enfor!e i unities toa!tionH the Philippines' e0a pleH this Din& of a,ree ent' !an as!en&' Non* ilitant fli,ht the instru entalities instea& of fi,htin, troops to the trou:le& area' statehoo& are not fulfille& shoul& new authorit" /psilonBs a!t a!?uires no %ali&it"' re!ipro!it" in relation to the prin!iple of auto*li itation shoul& :ein allowe& not re ain power' o%er a se!on& areaH a !hara!teri=es the Philippine !o it ents un&er !onti,uous =one of 300 iles' A%er that shoul& :e Rig't to Inno"ent Pa%%age 619997 63A*$+33' 3his is :ase& on the !onstitutional (a) -i& State . %iolate its o:li,ations un&er the 8oreo%erH /psilonBs suspension of inno!ent outer spa!e' 3he a :oun&ar" :etween airspa!e an& No M * C' State /psilonH &urin, pea!e 9ut e%en thenH &e fa!to re!o,nition in this ti,enerall" eH has pro%ision that the Philippines Ca&opts the <'N' CharterL passa,e a" has not :e %ali& for the reason that there outer spa!e not "et :een &efine&' (@arrisH !onte0t pro&u!es le,al effe!ts in the sa e wa" as allowe& forei,n ships passa,e throu,h a!!epte& prin!iples ofinno!ent international law as part of the is no showin, that it is essential for the prote!tion Cases an& 8aterials on 5nternational 7awH 2th 8antranas StraitH a a&heres strait within /psilonBs territorial &e ;ure re!o,nition' 6hether re!o,nition is e&'' &e law of the lan& an& to the poli!" of ''' of its se!urit"'<n&er 3he a!tuation of 9etaBs warship in pp' 221*223') +rti!le oftaDen the 3reat" on the (:) 5fwhi!h soH what san!tions a" :e taDen a,ainst sea has :een use& :" forei,n ships for %' fa!to or &e ;ureH steps a" 8 :e to with&raw !ooperation an& a it" with all nationsC (3ana&a resortin, to &ela"e& is States for !ause Prin!iples $o%ernin, the passa,e +!ti%ities in the itL international na%i,ation' Su!h ena:le& re!o,nition if the !on&itions of of statehoo& in +n,araH No' 118292H 8a"passa,e 2H 1997)' (!) 5f notH$'1' wh" notL re!o,ni=e& :" the <NC7AS as e0!usa:leH i'e'H the for /0ploration an& <se of Auter Spa!eH 5n!lu&in, the sai& ships to tra%erse the strait :etween one international law are not fulfille&' 3husH fro this the purpose of ren&erin, assistan!e to persons or 8oon an& the Ather Celestial 9o&iesH State on ANS4ER: part of the hi,h seas to another' An >une 7H stan&pointH &istin!tion is not le,all" a si,nifi!ant' ship in re,istr" &istressH as pro%i&e& in +rti!le the whose an o:;e!t laun!he& into 18(2) outer of spa!e 1997H a warship of State 9eta passe& throu,h the <NC7AS' @en!eH o%er 9etaBs warship !o plie& retains ;uris&i!tion the astronauts while with the" a:o%e*na e& strait' 5nstea& of passin, throu,h (a) NoH State .+NS6/1: &i& not %iolate its o:li,ations un&er Note: 3he ?uestion shoul& refer re!o,nition of S<$$/S3/the international law nor s on to ri,ht of inno!ent are in outer spa!e' !ontinuousl" an& e0pe&itiousl"H shipwith &ela"e& the <nite& Nations Charter' 5t !othe plie& the ,o%ern ent not re!o,nition of state :e!ause passa,e' 1' 6hether si ple or !o positeH a State isof sai& to its passa,e to ren&er assistan!e to a ship State resolution !allin, for enfor!e ent a!tion a,ainst there is no su!h &istin!tion in re!o,nition of :e neutrali=e& where its in&epen&en!e an& $a a whi!h was &istresse& with no one near:" State MH :e!ause it sent a e&i!al tea ' state' Rig't to Tran%it and Inno"ent Pa%%age 6899;7 inte,rit" ,uarantee& :" :" an /psilon international +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: to assist'are 6hen !onfronte& a:out the (:) No 9eta san!tions a" :e taDen a,ainst State II<9' :n ro*+e to the tuna fishin, ,roun&s in the !on%ention on the !on&ition that su!h State &ela"H e0plaine& that the &ela" was &ue .' to Auter spa!e Agree+ent5 is the spa!e :e"on& the airspa!e :e!ause it &i& not %iolate its o:li,ation un&er the Re$aration% (a idity 619987 Pa!ifi! A!eanH a %essel re,istere& in Countr" 36 o:li,ates Re"ognition itself o# ne%er State%5 to taDe !e Fa"to up ar *%= s a,ainst !e .-re an" for!e a;eure in !onfor it" with the pro%ision of surroun&in, the /arth or :e"on& the national <nite& Nations Charter' entere& the 9alintan, Channel north of 9a:u"an other StateH for self*&efenseH intoof Re"ognition 619987 +rti!le 18(2) e0!ept of the 1982 Con%ention or onenter the 7aw No ' 1#: 3he >apanese $o%ern ent !onfir e& airspa!e' 5n lawH the :oun&ar" :etween outer spa!e 5slan& an& with spe!ial hooDs an& nets &ra,,e& su!h international o:li,ations as woul& in&ire!tl" the Sea (<NC7AS)' Se%en onths laterH /psilon that the has Se!on& Filipinas (!) Co plian!e with the resolution !allin, for M55' -istin,uish :etween &e fa!to re!o,nition an& &urin, airspa!e re 6orl& aine& 6arH un&eter ine&'were 9ut in No up re& !orals foun& near as C!o fort wo enC (or in%ol%e it in war' + State seeDs neutrali=ation suspen&e& the ri,ht of inno!ent a on, those !ons!ripte& ent a!tion a,ainst Slate P2N) M &oes not an& &e ;ure re!o,nition of states' theor"H this has :een esti ate& to :e :etween 80 to enfor!e where it is weaD an& &oes not of prostitutes) for >apanese troops in ne!essaril" !all for the sen&in, 90 Dilo eters'

State 5n <nite& Liabi States itie% %s' 6199A7 1ui=H 13) SC1+ #87' #90 #91' the Supre e Court e0plaine& the &o!trine No' 8: 5n a rai& !on&u!te& :" re:els in a of so%erei,n i unit" in international law; Ca :o&ian townH an + eri!an :usiness an who C3he:een has tra&itional a lon,*ti rule of e State resi&ent i of unit" the e0e pla!epts was a State fro :ein, sue& inro::e& the !ourts of another !au,ht :" the re:els an& of his !ash an& State without other %alua:le its !onsent personal or wai%erH :elon,in,s' this rule 6ithin is a ne!essar" !onse?uen!e of the prin!iples of inutesH two tru!Dloa&s of ,o%ern ent troops in&epen&en!e arri%e& pro ptin, an&the e?ualit" re:els of to states' with&raw' @owe%erH 9efore the rules of 5nternational are !ausin, not petrifie&H fleein, the" shot the + 7aw eri!an hi the" are !onstantl" ph"si!al in;uries'&e%elopin, $o%ern an& ent e%ol%in,' troopers +n& :e!ause the a!ti%ities of pursuit states ha%e ultiplie&' 5t i e&iatel" laun!he& operations an& has :een Dille& se%eral ne!essar" re:els' No to!ash &istin,uish or other the %alua:le R :etween taDen so%erei,n ,o%ern a!ts P 1*re propert" fro an& the + eri!anent :usiness an i0perii was re!o%ere&' Q an& pri%ateH !o er!ial an& proprietar" a!ts (1*re ges+ionis )H 3he result that 5n an a!tion for in&e nit" file& is:" theState <S i unit" now e0ten&s onl" to a!ts jure imperii 'C $o%ern ent in :ehalf of the :usiness an for in;uries an& losses in !ash an& propert"H the Ca :o&ian ,o%ern ent !onten&e& that un&er So*ereignty o# State%5 Nat-ra U%e o# Territory 5nternational 7aw it was not responsi:le for the 619897 a!ts of the re:els' No' 19: 3he 1epu:li! of China (3aiwan)H in its :i& 1' 5s the !ontention of the Ca :o&ian to &e%elop a h"&ro,en :o : an& &efen& itself ,o%ern ent !orre!tL /0plain' a,ainst threats of in%asion !o in, fro the 2' Suppose the re:ellion is su!!essful an& a newof PeopleBs 1epu:li! of ChinaH !on&u!te& a series ,o%ern ent ,ains weapons !ontrol of the entire StateH se!ret nu!lear tests in its own repla!in, the lawful ,o%ern ent thatin was at osphere' 3he tests resulte& ra&ioa!ti%e topple&H a" the new ,o%ern hel& in an& fallouts whi!h !onta inate& ent the :e ri%ers responsi:le foran& the other in;uries or losses suffere& :" aroun& +parri :o&ies of water within the the + eri!an :usiness territorial ;uris&i!tion of anL the /0plain' PhilippinesH Can the Philippines !o plain a,ainst the 1epu:li! of ANS4ER5 China for %iolation of its so%erei,nt"L 1' OesH the !ontention of the Ca :o&ian $o%ern ent is !orre!t' <nless it of !learl" appears law 3he S<9S5-5+1O SA<1C/S international ANS4ER: that the ,o%ern ent has faile& to use pro ptl" are ;u&i!ial &e!isionsH su:;e!t to the pro%isions of an& with appropriate for!e its !onstitute& authorit" 5n the 3rial S elter +r:itration :etween the <nite& +rti!le 29H e','H the &e!ision in the +n,lo*Norwe,ian it !annot :e hel& responsi:le for a!ts StatesH of re:elsH States an& Cana&aH the +r:itral 3ri:unal hel& that Fisheries Case an& Ni!ara,ua %'the <nite& an& for the re:els are not its a,ents an& their a!ts air pollution fro shoul& :e en;oine&H 3/+C@5N$S of theCana&a ost hi,hl" ?ualifie& pu:li!ists were &one without its %olition' this !aseH :e!ause so%erei,nt" in!lu&es the an ri,ht1i,hts a,ainstin of %arious nationsH e','H 5n@u ,o%ern ent troopers e&iatel" the the an" en!roa!h ent whi!h i,htpursue& pre;u&i!e 5nternational 7aw :" i 7auterpa!ht an& 5nternational re:els Dille& se%eral of an& the the ' free o%e ent natural use of the 7aw :"an& Appenhe i territor" *7auterpa!ht' of its inha:itants' 2' 3he new ,o%ern ent a" :e hel& responsi:le ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: if it su!!ee&s in o%erthrowin, the ,o%ern :" ent' the Sin!e the nu!lear tests !on&u!te& 1efle!tin, ,eneral international lawH +rti!le 38(1) Ei!torious re:el o%e ents responsi:le for 1epu:li! China resulte& inare ra&ioa!ti%e fallouts of the Statute of the 5nternational Court of >usti!e the ille,al a!ts of their for!es &urin, the !ourse whi!h !onta inate& the ri%ers an& other :o&iesof of is un&erstoo& pro%i&in, forare international the re:ellion' a!ts of the re:els i puta:le water within 3he theas PhilippinesH the 1epu:li! of !on%entionH !usto H !onstitute& an& ,eneral to the %iolate& wheninternational the" assu e& asof &ul" China the so%erei,nt" the Philippines' prin!iples of law as pri ar" sour!es of authorities of the state' international lawH while in&i!atin, that ;u&i!ial O/SH the Philippines !an !o of plain a,ainst &e!isions an& tea!hin,s the ost the hi,hl" 1epu:li! of China for %iolation of its so%erei,nt"' ?ualifie& pu:li!ists as Csu:si&iar" eans for the State So*ereignty5 E##e"ti*e O""-$ation5 Terra +rti!le 19# of the Con%ention on the 7aw of the &eter ination of the rules of law'C N- i-% 689997 Sea re?uires States to taDe all easures 3he pri sour!es a"a!ti%ities :eis !onsi&ere& as No M5M ar" * to a) 6hat theun&er :asis of the ne!essar" ensure that their for al sour!es in that the" are the etho&s :"to PhilippinesB !lai to aare part of!on&u!te& the Spratl" 5slan&sL ;uris&i!tion or !ontrol so as not whi!h nor s of international law are !reate& an& !ause &a a,e :" pollution to other States an& re!o,ni=e&' + !on%entional or treat" nor !o es their en%iron ent' Prin!iple SU22ESTE! ANS4ER:treat"* aDin, into :ein, :" esta:lishe&

pro!e&ures an& a !usto ar" nor !lai is on the pro&u!t 21 of :asis the <nite& Nations Conferen!e the 3he of the Philippine is effe!ti%e of the for ation ,eneral pra!ti!e a!!epte& as the @u an /n%iron ent i poses uponsu:;e!t states the o!!upation of of a territor" not to law' responsi:ilit" to ensure state' that a!ti%ities within their so%erei,nt" of another 3he >apanese for!es ;uris&i!tion the or !ontrol &o not !ause &a a,e to the o!!upie& Spratl" 5slan& ,roup &urin, the 9" wa" of illustratin, 5nternational Con%ention as a en%iron ent of other States' Se!on& 6orl& 6ar' @owe%erH un&er the San sour!e of lawH we a" refer to the prin!iple Fran!is!o Pea!e 3reat" of 1921 >apan for all" e :o&ie& in +rti!le ) of the Eienna Con%ention on So*ereignty5 Nat-re 6>19<899?7 renoun!e& all !e#inition5 ri,ht an& !lai to the Spratl"s' 3he the 7aw of 3reaties whi!h rea&s: C/%er" State 1 @ow is state so%erei,nt" &efine& in San Fran!is!o 3reat" or an" other 5nternational possesses !apa!it" to !on!lu&e treatiesC' 5t tells 5nternational (2'2N) +73/1N+35E/ a,ree ent 7awL howe%erH &i& not &esi,nate an" us what the law is an& the pro!ess or etho& :" +NS6/1: State so%erei,nt" si,nifies :enefi!iar" state followin, the >apanese whi!h it !a e into :ein,' 5nternational Custo in&epen&en!e in ri,ht' re,ar& to a portion of the ,lo:eH renun!iation of Su:se?uentl"H Spratl"s a" :e !on!retel" illustrate& :" pa!ta sunt an& the to nullius e0er!ise an& was enfor!e ;uris&i!tion :e!a e ri,ht terra an& o!!upie& :" the ser%an&aH a !usto ar" or ,eneral nor whi!h thereinH to the other statePhilippine the Philippines in e0!lusion the title of of an" so%erei,nt"' !a e a:out throu,h e0tensi%e an& !onsistent fun!tions of the state PSee 5slan& 7as Pal so%erei,nt" was &ispla"e& :" of open an& as pu:li! pra!ti!e :" a ,reat nu :er of states re!o,ni=in, it Case (<S %'of 3he Netherlan&s) 2 1'5++' 829Q' o!!upation a nu :er of islan&s :" stationin, of as o:li,ator"' So%erei,nt" eans in&epen&en!e fro ,o%ern outsi&e ent ilitar" for!esH :" or,ani=in, a lo!al 3he su:si&iar" eans ser%es as e%i&en!e law' !ontrol' 3he 1933 8onte%i&eo Con%ention unitH an& :" awar&in, petroleu &rillin,ofri,htsH + &e!ision of the Court of >usti!eH for e0presses this in 5nternational positi%e tera& s as in!lu&in, Cthe a on, other politi!al an& inistrati%e a!ts' 5n e0a pleH a" ser%e as aterial e%i&en!e !apa!it" to enter into relations with other states'C 1978H it !onfir e& its so%erei,n title :" the !onfir in, or showin, that <n&er the -e!ree prohi:ition a,ainst +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: the prin!iple of pro ul,ation of Presi&ential No' 129)H the use of for!e is a !usto ar" nor H as the state so%erei,nt" in 5nternational 7awH all states whi!h &e!lare& the Gala"aan 5slan& $roup part of &e!ision of the Court has &e onstrate& in the are so%erei,n e?uals an& !annot assert ;uris&i!tion Philippine territor"' Ni!ara,ua Case' + 3he status&isposition of a prin!iple as a o%er one another' !ontrar" woul& nor of %e0 international law a" fin&(-a e%i&en!e Cun&ul" the pea!e of nationsC @a:er in %' the State Per%on%5 E##e"t%5 Stat-%5 Rig't% worDs e%% (ueen of of hi,hl" Portu,alH ?ualifie& 17 (' pu:li!ists 9' 171)' in international 6199A7 lawH su!h 2 5s as state 8!NairH so%erei,nt" Gelsen a:soluteL or Appenhei (2'2N) ' +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: State so%erei,nt" is not 1 6ho are stateless persons un&er a:solute' An the !ontrar"H the rule sa"s that the 5nternational 7awL So*ereign I++-nity o# State%5 Ab%o -te *%= state a" not :e sue& without its !onsentH whi!h 2 6hat are the !onse?uen!es of Re%tri"ti*e 619987 !learl" i ports that it a" :e sue& if it !onsents' statelessnessL 8oreo%erH !ertain restri!tions enter into the pi!ture: No M555' 6hat is the &o!trine of So%erei,n 3 5s a stateless person entirel" without ri,htH (1) li itations i pose& :" the %er" nature of i unit" in international 7awL P2NQ prote!tion or re!ourse un&er the 7aw of NationsL e :ership in the fa il" of nations; an& (2) /0plain' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: li itations i pose& :" treat" stipulations' 3he # 6hat easuresH if an"H has 5nternational so%erei,nt" of a state therefore in a fa!t an& 9" the &o!trine of so%erei,n i !annot unit"H StateH 7aw taDen to pre%ent statelessnessL in realit" :e !onsi&ere& a:solute (3ana&a %' its a,ents an& propert" are i une fro the +n,araH $'1' No' 118292H 2H1997)' ;u&i!ial pro!ess of another8a" StateH e0!ept with its +73/1N+35E/ is a:solute !onsent' 3husH +NS6/1: i unit" So%erei,nt" a" :e wai%e& an& a with respe!t to e0!lusi%e !o peten!e o%er internal State a" per it itself to :e sue& in the !ourts of atters PSee 5slan& of 7as Pal as Case (<S %' another StateH 3he Netherlan&s) 2 1'5++' 829QH su:;e!t onl" to So%erei,n i as unit"a"has into two su!h li itations :e i &e%elope& pose& or re!o,ni=e& s!hools of thou,htH el"H a:solute i unit" an& :" the state itself asna part of its o:li,ations un&er restri!ti%e i law' unit"' 9" international a:solute i plainH unit"Hstate all a!ts international 5n the of a State are !o%ere& or prote!te& :" i with unit"' so%erei,nt" is reali=e& as the !oe0isten!e An the other han&Hun&er restri!ti%e i unit" aDes a other so%erei,nties !on&itions of &istin!tion :etween ,o%ern ental or so%erei,n in&epen&en!e an& e?ualit"' a!ts (a!ta ;ure i perii) an& non,o%ern entalH propriet" or !o er!ial a!ts (a!ta ;ure ,estiones)' Anl" the first !ate,or" of a!ts is !o%ere& :" so%erei,n i unit"' 3he Philippine a&heres to the restri!ti%e i s!hool of thou,ht' ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER5 unit"

citiDen%'i+ li(e %ecu or in an" other anner in!onsistent withing the )o purposes of'i"%el) the <nite& a Nations'C +a%%+o 3his t o ,i%a an&ate and &oes not onl" it en!o passes all +eoutlaw %onalwar; docu"ent%. threats of an& a!ts of for!e or %iolen!e short of war' ?. No. Jnde t'e Con,ention in Relation to +s thus pro%i&e&H the prohi:ition is a&&resse& to t'e #tatu% o) #tatele%% Pe %on& t'e all <N e :ers' @owe%erH it is now re!o,ni=e& Cont acting #tate% ag eed to acco d to as a fun&a ental prin!iple in !usto ar" %tatele%% +e %on% !it'in t'ei te ito ie% international law an&H as su!hH is :in&in, on all t eat"ent at lea%t a% )a,o a*le a% t'at e :ers of the international !o unit"' acco ded to t'ei national% !it' e%+ect to ) eedo" o) eligion& acce%% to t'e cou t%& 3he a!tiono) taDen :" the allie& for!es !annot :e ationing + oduct% in %'o t %u++ly& ;ustifie& un&er an" of the three e0!eptions to the ele"enta y education& +u*lic elie) and prohi:ition a,ainst use of for!e the <N a%%i%tance& la*o the legi%lation andwhi!h %ocial Charter allows' are: %ecu ity. T'ey3hese al%o ag eed to acco d to t'e" t eat"ent not le%% )a,o t'an t'at (1) inherent ri,hta*le of in&i%i&ual or acco ded to alien% gene ally in t'e %a"e !olle!ti%e self*&efense un&er +rti!le 21; ci cu"%tance%. T'e Con,ention al%o + o,ide% )o t'e i%%uance o) identity +a+e % (2) enfor!e ent to easure in%ol%in, the and t a,el docu"ent% %tatele%% +e %on. use of ar e& for!es :" the <N Se!urit" 7. In t'e Con,ention on t'e Con)lict o) Coun!il un&er +rti!le #2; an& Nationality La!% o) @6?I& t'e Cont acting #tate% ag eed to acco d nationality to (3) enfor!e ent easure :" +e %on% *o n in t'ei te ito y !'o !ould re,ional arran,e ent un&er +rti!le 23H as ot'e !i%e *e %tatele%%. T'e Con,ention on authori=e& :" the <N Se!urit" Coun!il' t'e Reduction o) #tatele%%ne%% o) @6B@ 3he allie& for!es &i& not laun!h ilitar" + o,ide% t'at i) t'e cont acting operations an&la! &i& o) nott'e o!!up" 5ra? on the #tate% !lai e%ult% intheir t'e a!tion lo%% o) nationality a%to a that was in response con%eCuence o) "a iage o te "ination o) an ar e& atta!D :" 5ra?H of whi!h there "a iage& was%uc' none'lo%% "u%t *e conditional u+on +o%%e%%ion o acCui%ition o) anot'e nationality. ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER5 <n&er the Con%ention on the 1e&u!tion of Stateless*ness of 19)1H a !ontra!tin, state shall ,rant its nationalit" to a person :orn in its territor" who woul& otherwise :e stateless an& a !ontra!tin, state a" not &epri%e a person or a ,roup of persons of their nationalit" for ra!ialH ethni!H reli,ious or politi!al ,roun&s' Territoria Sea *%= Interna 4ater% 6899;7 II<+' -istin,uish :riefl" :ut !learl" :etween: (1) 3he territorial sea an& the internal waters of the Philippines' S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: +' (1) 3/1153A15+7 S/+ is an a&;a!ent :elt of sea with a :rea&th of t1e *e na-ti"a +i e% easure& fro the :aselines of a state an& o%er whi!h the state has so%erei,nt"' (+rti!les 2 an& 3 of the Con%ention on the 7aw of the Sea') Ship of all states en;o" the ri,ht of inno!ent passa,e throu,h the territorial sea' (+rti!le 1# of the Con%ention on the 7aw of the Sea')

<n&er Se!tion 1H +rti!le 5 of the 1987 ConstitutionH the 5N3/1N+7 6+3/1S of the Philippines !onsist of the waters aroun&H :etween an& !onne!tin, the islan&s of the Philippine +r!hipela,oH re,ar&less of their :rea&th an& &i ensionsH in!lu&in, the waters in :a"sH ri%ers an& laDes' No ri,ht of inno!ent passa,e for forei,n %essels e0ists in the !ase of internal waters' (@arrisH Cases an& 8aterials on 5nternational 7awH 2th e&'H 1998H p' #07') 5nternal waters are the waters on the lan&war& si&e of :aselines fro whi!h the :rea&th of the territorial sea is !al!ulate&' (9rownlieH Prin!iples of Pu:li! 5nternational 7awH #th e&'H 1990H p' 120')

U%e o# For"e5 E,"e$tion% 6899:7 No M5E* Not too lon, a,oH Callie& for!esCH le& :" + eri!an an& 9ritish ar e& for!esH in%a&e& 5ra? to Cli:erate the 5ra?is an& &estro" suspe!te& weapons of ass &estru!tion'C 3he Se!urit" Coun!il of the <nite& Nations faile& to rea!h a !onsensus on whether to support or oppose the Cwar of li:erationC' Can the a!tion taDen :" the allie& for!es fin& ;ustifi!ation in 5nternational 7awL /0plain' SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: 3he <nite& States an& its allie& for!es !annot ;ustif" their in%asion of 5ra? on the :asis of self* &efense un&er +rti!le 21 atta!D :" 5ra?H an& there was no ne!essit" for anti!ipator" self*&efense whi!h a" :e ;ustifie& un&er !usto ar" international law' Neither !an the" ;ustif" their in%asion on the ,roun& that +rti!le #2 of the ANS4ER: Charter of the <nite& Nations per its the use for!e a,ainst a State if it is san!tione& :" the 1' 7TAT:L:77 P:R7O<7 are those who are Se!urit" Coun!il' 1esolution 1##1H whi!h ,a%e not !onsi&ere& as nationals :" an" State un&er 5ra? a final opportunit" to &isar or fa!e serious the operation of its laws' !onse?uen!esH &i& not authori=e the use of ar e& for!e' ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: 2' 3he !onse?uen!es of statelessness are the followin,: 5n 5nternational 7awH the a!tion taDen :" the allie& for!esNo !annot is !o%ere& (a) Statefin& !an;ustifi!ation' inter%ene or5t!o plain in :" :ehalf the prohi:ition of a stateless a,ainst person the for use an international of for!e pres!ri:e& &elin?uen!" :" the !o<nite& itte& Nations :" another Charter State an& in it infli!tin, ' e0!eptions to that &oes not fall in;ur" un&erupon an" hi of the prohi:ition' 3he(:) <N Charter @e !annot in +rti!le :e e0pelle& 2(#) prohi:its :" the the State use if of for!e he is in lawfull" the relations in its territor" of states e0!ept :" pro%i&in, on that all ,roun&s e :ers of of national the <N Cshall se!urit" refrain or pu:li! in their or&er' international relations fro the threat or use of for!e a,ainst the territorial inte,rit" or politi!al (!) @e !annot a%ail hi self of the prote!tion in&epen&en!e of an" stateH an& :enefits of

the5f 3) in%esti,ation !onfli!tH Soli!itor 11' ;uris&i!tion 3he an& part" $eneralH the" an& o%er a&;u&i!ation were was !onten&s + not &enie& eria sent if is &ue that :" international esta:lishe&H apro!ess he state is whi!h law the is authori=e& e%er not (Sa a to part" ahan, :e un&er enfor!e&'C to:e the 8a,:u:uDi& the !onfli!t 3ariff an& on n, offi!ial Custo Gap&ulaH Co&e as to %' !ase shoul& &e!i&e& in fa%or&ut" of5n!' No%aH or&er e Court :ers the + sei=ure of +ppealsH its ar%iolate& ofe& the 302 for!es' e?uip SC1+ ent 1#7 whose P1999Q); &uties :e!ause eria the prin!iple a,ainst the ALTERNATI(E ANS4ER: an& ta0es were pai& an& that the !orporation use of for!e an&not the prin!iple of non*5nter%ention' 2) 3he !apture& !i%ilians are prisoners of war' 5nternational law on self*&efense !annot !annot assu e &i& e0haust inistrati%e re e&ies' 3henot &efense of a& anti!ipator" self*&efense 12'+rti!le 3he &e!ision that of a -epart ent <n&er # of theis $ene%a Con%ention the nature of war' 6ar there re?uires Ca showin, &e!laration :e sustaine&H :e!ause is no thatof Se!retar"' (Na=areno %'Prisoners Court of +ppealsH relati%e to the 3reat ent of of 6arH war ,i%in, un&er the @a,ue Con%ention No%a ha& reasonsC o:ili=e& to su!h an e0tent that if 55 (a) Shoul& the petition :e ,rante&L -e!i&e' $'1' No' 131)#1H Fe:ruar" inha:itants of a non*o!!upie& territor"H who on of 1907' Pre!isel"H Na=i war !ri inalwere + eria were to wait the for No%a to striDe first it 23' 2000); the approa!h of the ene " spontaneousl" taDe in&i!te& :efore theto Nure :er, 3ri:unal for %iolatin, woul& not :e a:le retaliate' up ar s to resist the in%a&in, for!esH without (:) 13' the 1esort Court to woul& a& were sustain inistrati%e the re !ontention e&ies woul& of the this5f Con%ention an& foun& ,uilt"' @owe%erH ;uris&i!tion + into eriare,ular is not ha%in, ha& if ti e to for theo%er sel%es Colle!tor :e futile of Custo (<ni%ersit" s onof the the Philippines atter of e0haustion 9oar& esta:lishe&H the !ase shoul& :e &e!i&e& in fa%or ar e& for!esH pro%i&e& the" !arr" ar s openl" of a& of 1e,ents inistrati%e %'re 1asul e&iesH 200what SC1+ is the )82 P1991Q); Sin!e the Na=i war of !ri inal ar,ue& that war as of +respe!t eria :e!ause the prin!iple so%erei,n an& the laws an& !usto s of of warH are a& inistrati%e re e&" a%aila:le to the !orporationL self*&efense is un&erstoo& the fall as i unit"' prisoners !onsi&ere& of war :" if the" into eanin, the 1#' 3here is unreasona:le &ela" Cthat the nation ust :e the sole >u&,e of power of the eneitself "' U%e (!) 6hat (1epu:li! o# For"e5 are %H Rig't San&i,an:a"anH e0!eptions o# Sein #<de#en%e toself*&efenseCH the 301 rule SC1+ 689987 on 237 whether its the a!tion were it is e0haustion P1999Q); of a& inistrati%e e&iesL !lear that what the" ha& in re in& in fa!t is Cwar as 4i %on do"trine *%= E%trada do"trine 6899;7 No M5M' An A!to:er 13H 2001H e :ers of +li an instru ent of national poli!"CH not self*&efense (2*a*2) -istin,uish: 3he 6ilson &o!trine an& the in S<$$/S3/12'a C3he +NS6/1: a!tion in%ol%es re!o%er" of 9a:aH politi!al e0tre ist or,ani=ation :ase& as an o:;e!ti%e ri,ht un&er 5nternational law' /stra&a &o!trine re,ar&in, re!o,nition of of pu:li! lan& ($a:rito u' an& ph"si!al un&er possession the prote!tion of Countr" M an& (a) No' No sear!h warrant fro !ourt nee&e&' ,o%ern ents' Court of%iolen!e +ppealsH worl&wi&e 1)7 SC1+ as 771a U1988Q); espousin, eans of 6a,in, was an instru plante& ent of national law is a!hie%in, its as o:;e!ti%esH hi,h*powere& S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: the1928 657SAN (:) +s pointe& out in :s Chia us' +!tin, Colle!tor of * prohi:ite& :" the of Paris of (Gello, e0plosi%es an& :oPa!t at <n&er the 5nternational 3ra&e 1)' 3he re!o,nition part" shall is poor (Sa:ello %' -AC315N/H not :e e0ten&e& to Custo sH 177 SC1+ 723Hin the a& inistrati%e 9rai& of an" was alrea&" 3owerPart) (533) inwhi!h >ewel$er Cit" Countr" OH a a e state :er -epart ent of /&u!ationH Culture an& or SportsH an" ,o%ern ent esta:lishe& :" re%olution re e&" a%aila:le un&er Se!tion 2313 of the part" :efore the Se!on& 6orl& 6ar' the of the <nite& Nations' +s a result of Pre!isel"H the :o 3ariff :in, 180 %iolen!e SC1+ )23 P1989Q); an&ele!te& internal until freel" an& s Co&e is the to appeal to the $er Custo an !ollapse 1ei!h was in&i!te& :efore the the of the 100*stor" twin towersH representati%es of the for people or,ani=e& a 17'issioner 3he law pro%i&es for i ha%e e&iate resort to Co of Custo sH fro whose &e!ision Nure :er, 3ri:unal %iolation of the Pa!t of a:out 2H000 peopleH in!lu&in, wo en an& !onstitutional ,o%ern ent' the !ourt (1ulian % or Eal&e=H 12were SC1+ 201 ,uilt" an appeal to the Court of +ppeals lies' Paris an& the Na=i war !ri3a0 inals !hil&renH were Dille& in;ure&H an& foun& :illions of P19)#Q)' of this as a war !ri were e' lost' &ollars in propert" (!) UNote: 3he followin, e0a inee are shoul& e0!eptions :e+li ,i%en to full the !re&it if 5 3he e&iatel" after thethe in!i&entH 9a:aH speaDin, <n&er the /S31+-+ -AC315N/H the 8e0i!an &o!trine of of a& inistrati%e @en!eH he ,i%es the ar,u three ent of is the itself a:o%e* an as a& ission entione& of throu,h itse0haustion lea&er 9in -er&an&atH a& itte& ,o%ern ent &e!lare& that it woul&H it saw fitHan& re e&ies: %iolation e0!eptions'T of law' owne& responsi:ilit" for the ati! :o relations :in, of with 533H !ontinue or international ter inate its &iplo sa"in, that it &one to pressure Countr" an" !ountr" inwas whi!h politi!al ha& O to 1' 3he !ase a &eals withuphea%al pri%ate lan&; release !apture& ea :ers ofwoul& the terrorist ,roup' U%e o# For"e5 4'en o1ed 619887 taDen pla!e an& in so &oin, it not Ad+in 2' ?uestion La15 in%ol%e& E,'a-%tion is purel" o# le,al; Ad+ini%trati*e +li3he 9a:a threatene& tothe repeat its terrorist a!ts pronoun!e ;u&, ent on ri,ht of the forei,n 8oreo%erH the of a!tion of the allie& for!es was 1' 3he Charter the <nite& Nations not Re+edie% *% !o"trine o#repla!e Pri+ary .-ri%di"tion a,ainst Countr" O if the latter an& itsprohi:its allies faile& state to a!!eptH aintain or taDen in &efian!e or:ut &isre,ar& of the Se!urit" onl" re!ourse to war also resort to the use of 6199?7 to a!!e&e to +li 9a:aBs &e an&s' 5n responseH ,o%ern ent' (Cru=H 5nternational 7awH 2003 e&') 3' 3he !ase in%ol%es a ?uo warranto pro!ee&in,; Coun!il 1esolution No' 1##1 whi!h set up Can for!e or threat' 5n the ar&ent &esire to aintain Countr" O &e an&e& that Countr" M surren&er (5n of &e%elop the 6ilson No '%iew 11: 1)re!ent -istin,uish theentsH &o!trine ofsettle pri enhan!e& inspe!tion re,i e with the ai ar" of pea!eH the Charter o:li,es :ers to their an& &eli%er 9in -er&an&at to the ,o%ern ent &o!trine an& the /stra&a &o!trine are no lon,er in ;uris&i!tion fro the &o!trine of e0haustion of :rin,in, to &isputes full an& :" %erifie& !o eans pletion the international pea!eful an& to #' 3here is pu:li! &enial of &ue pro!ess; authorities of re Countr" O international for the purpose of trial the ainstrea of law') a& inistrati%e e&ies' &isar ain ent pro!essCH ,i%in, 5ra? Ca final refrain their international relations fro the an& Cin 2' the 3he na e of ;usti!e'C Countr" M refuse& to patentl" ille,al; opportunit" to &e!ision !o for!e' pl" iswith &isar a ent threat or use of 3he its sa e inistrati%e CharterH 2) -oes failure to e0haust a& a!!e&e to the &e an& of Countr" O' A!0INISTRATI(E LA4 Ad+in La15 of o:li,ationsC' 3his resolution was in the realities pro!ess howe%erH re!o,ni=in, perhaps the of re e&ies :efore filin, a !ase in !ourt oust sai& E,'a-%tion o# Ad+ini%trati*e Re+edie% i ple entation; so was 5ra?Bs !o plian!e with international relationsH allows the use of for!e !ourt of ;uris&i!tion to hear the !aseL /0plain' in 619917 6hat a!tion o!!asions' or ent a!tions !an Countr" O le,all" taDe su!h &isar a o:li,ations' e0!eptional a,ainst +li 9a:a an& Countr" M to stop the No' 9: 9H For :ein, notoriousl" un&esira:le an& a S<$$/S3/+NS6/1; U%e o# For"e5 Prin"i$ e o# Non<Inter*ention terrorist a!ti%ities of +li 9a:a an& &issua&e re!i&i%istH >ose 3apulanH an e when plo"eethe in the first Please o!!asions use of 6199;7 state Countr" M fro two har:orin, an& ,i%in, prote!tion to 1) 3he &o!trine of pri ar" ;uris&i!tion an& the le%el of the !areer ser%i!e in the Affi!e of the ar e& for!es is allowe& :" the <'N' Charter' the terrorist or,ani=ationL Support "our answer &o!trine e0haustion of a& inistrati%e re isse& e&ies No' 19; of 3he Stateofof No%aH !ontrolle& :" an Pro%in!ial $o%ernor 8as:ateH was &is with reasons' (2N) S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: :oth &eal with,o%ern the proper relationships :etween the authoritarian :" the $o%ernor without entH for ha& al in%esti,ation unfrien&l" relations !ourts inistrati%e a,en!ies' 3he shoul& &o!trine of with FIRST ALTERNATI(E nei,h:orin, stateH ANS4ER + eria' : Ser%i!e 9reslaH another pursuant toa& Se!tion #0 the Ci%il -e!ree 1' itsan& <n&er art' #2 ofof the <N CharterH the e0haustion of a& inistrati%e re e&ies applies nei,h:orin, (P'-' No' 807T stateH whi!h ha& authori=es :een shippin, su ar" ar s an& Se!urit" Coun!il that pa!ifi! etho&s (1) Countr" O !onsi&er a" e0er!ise the ri,ht of of self* where a&isputes !lai in is !o,ni=a:le in the first instan!e :" a unitions to No%a for use in atta!Din, +rneria' pro!ee&in,s su!h !ases' settlin, are ina&e?uateH it a" taDe su!h &efenseH as pro%i&e& un&er +rti!le 21 of the <N an a& inistrati%e a,en!" alone' >u&i!ial a!tion :" Cuntil airH seaH orwhat lan& for!es as a" :e taDen +s a law"er of >ose stepsH if an"H woul& Charter the Se!urit" Coun!il has interferen!e is withhel& until the a& inistrati%e ne!essar" to aintain or restore international "ou taDe to prote!t his ri,htsL 3o forestall an atta!DH eria pla!e& floatin, pea!e easure ne!essar" to+ aintain international pro!ess has :een !o plete&' +s state& in pea!e an& se!urit"' Su!h a!tion a" in!lu&e ines on the territorial waters surroun&in, No%a' an& se!urit"C' Self*&efense ena:les Countr" O to S<$$/S3/+NS6/1; 5n&ustrial /nterprisesH 5n!' %s' Court of +ppealsH &e onstrationsH :lo!Da&eH an& other + eria supporte& a ,roup of re:els to use for!e a,ainst Countr" M as wellor,ani=e& as a,ainst the 18# SC1+ #2)' 3he &o!trine of pri ar" o%erthrow the ,o%ern ent +li 9a:a or,ani=ation'

9' No%a Se!tion operations #0 of :" the airH Ci%il seaH Ser%i!e lan& -e!ree for!es has ;uris&i!tion of an& applies to repla!e where it with aor !ase a frien&l" is withinof the (2) 5t a" :rin, the atter to the Se!urit" Coun!il :een repeale& e a" :ers of :" the 1epu:li! <N' +!t No' ))2#' +s ,o%ern !on!urrent ent' ;uris&i!tion of the !ourt an& an Countr" whi!h authori=e san!tions a,ainst law"er of >ose a,en!" 3apulanH 5 will a petition a& inistrati%e :ut the file &eter ination of the MH in!lu&in, easure in%oDin, the use offor for!e' 2' <n&er to art' 21 e :er states No%a &e!i&e& file a !ase a,ainst + also eria ha%e in thethe an&a us to# !o pel <N his reinstate ent' 5nO a" !ase re?uires the e0pertise of the <n&er +rti!le of te!hni!al the CharterH Countr" 5nternational inherent ri,htCourt of !olle!ti%e of >usti!e self &efense if an ar e& a!!or&an!e with the rulin, in us' a& inistrati%e a,en!"' 5n su!h a !aseH use for!e a,ainst Countr" M8an,u:at as well althou,h as a,ainst atta!D o!!urs a,ainst a e :er stateH until the 1) AsAn enaH what $'1 ,roun&s No' 7*12837H No%aBs +pril !auses 30H 1929H ofthe 102 a!tion the atter is within thea" ;uris&i!tion of the !ourtH it +li 9a:a or,ani=ation :" authorit" of <N Se!urit" Coun!il has taDen easures ne!essar" to a,ainst Phil' + eria there :e is :ase&L no nee& to all ust 1308H "iel& to the ;uris&i!tion of e0haust the a& inistrati%e Se!urit" Coun!il' aintain international pea!e an& se!urit"' a& inistrati%e re e&ies :" appealin, to the Ci%il !ase' 2) An what ,roun&s a" + eria o%e to Ser%i!e Co issionH sin!e the a!t of the &is NoH SECON! 2) iss the the ALTERNATI(E !ase failure with the to 5C>L ANS4ER: e0haust a& inistrati%e ,o%ernor is patentl" 5lle,al' re e&ies :efore filin, a !ase in !ourt &oes not 3) <n&er the -e!i&e Se!urit" the !ase' Coun!il 1esolution No' 13)8H 4ar5 Co+batant%K Pri%oner% o#the 4ar *%= oust the !ourt of ;uris&i!tion to hear !ase' +s the terrorist atta!D of +li 9a:a a" :e &efine& as ANS4ER: 0er"enarie% 6199:7 hel& in 1osario %s' Court of +ppealsH 211 SC1+ Ad+in E,'a-%tion o# in Ad+ini%trati*e a threat La15 to pea!eH as it &i& &efinin, the 38#H the failure to e0haust a& inistrati%e re e&ies 1) No 5f ' No%a 3: 1e&enH an& >olan eria an& are +n&"' e a,ainst :ers Filipino of the touristsH <nite& Re+edie% 689997 Septe :er 11H+ 2001 atta!Ds <nite& &oes not affe!t the ;uris&i!tion of the !ourt :ut NationsH were in3he No%a 9osnia*@er=e,o%ina !an pre ise its !ause when ofilitar" a!tion hostilities on States' resolution authori=es an& No M555'in the la!D of a !ause of a!tionH :e!ause a results a %iolation erupte& :etween of +rti!le 2(#) Ser:s of to the an& <nite& the 8osle Nations s' other a!tions to the respon& terrorist atta!Ds' !on&ition pre!e&ent that ust :e satisfie& :efore a) /0plain &o!trine of!rossfireH e0haustion of CharterH Penniless whi!h an& re?uires !au,ht the :ers to refrain 1e&enH fro:e @owe%erH thethe use of in e ilitar" for!e ust a!tion !an :e file& was not fulfille&' a& threat inistrati%e re e&ies' (2N) the >olanH an& or +n&"H use of for!e retire& a,ainst the territorial offere& proportionate an&:ein, inten&e& for,eneralsH the purpose of inte,rit" their ser%i!es orthe politi!al to the in&epen&en!e 8osle s for of a an" han&so state'for eH 5f &etainin, persons alle,e&l" responsi:le :) $i%e at least three (3) e0!eptions to its either salar"H or whi!h :oth No%a offer or was + eria a!!epte&' are not6hen e use& :ers the the !ri es an& to &estro" ilitar" o:;e!ti%es appli!ation' (3N) of the Ser:ian the <nite& National NationsH $uar& No%a approa!he& a" pre Sara;e%oH ise its :" Ad+interrorists' La15 E,'a-%tion o# Ad+ini%trati*e S<$$/S3/+NS6/1: !ause the 8osle of a!tion !i%ilian on a %iolation population of the spontaneousl" non*use of 3he fun&aE,"e$tion% Re+edie%5 ental prin!iples 619917 of international for!e up tooD prin!iple ar s toin resist !usto thear" in%a&in, international troops' Not law +') 3he &o!trine e0haustion a& respe!te&' inistrati%e hu anitarian lawof shoul& alsoof :e No ' 8:e0ists An the :asis of a the %erifie& report an& whi!h fin&in, ti e parallel to or,ani=eH to +rti!le 2(#) 8osle of the s <nite& wore re e&ies Oeans that when a&e?uate re e&" Countr" !annot :e an ,rante& sweepin, !onfi&ential infor ation the that sel%esH %arious %owin, ele!troni! Nations ar :an&s Charter' to i&entif" to is a%aila:le within thethat /0e!uti%e entH to a &is!retionar" powers in!lu&e -epart the power e?uip entH whi!h were ille,all" i war' porte& into the o:ser%e the laws an& !usto s of 3he three 5n the Case 8ilitar" Para ilitar" liti,ant ust Con!ernin, first e0haust this re an& e&" :efore he &e!i&e what states are :ehin& the terrorist PhilippinesH were foun& in the of the Filipinos fou,ht si&e :" si&e with:o&e,a the (198) 8osle s' +!ti%ities in to an& +,ainst Ni!ara,ua !an resort the !ourts' 3he purpose of 5C> the or,ani=ations' 5t is for the Se!urit" Coun!il to 3iDasan Corporation lo!ate& at 1002 9inaDa"an 3he Ser:s pre%aile& resultin, in the !apture of 1ep' 1#)H the 5nternational Court ofa,en!ies >usti!e &o!trine is to ena:le the a& &e!i&e whether for!e a" inistrati%e :e use& a,ainst St'H Ce:u Cit"Han& the +n&"H Colle!tor ofpart Custo s of Ce:u 1e&enH >olan an& of !i%ilian !onsi&ere& the sel%es plantin, of ines !on&itions :"the one state to !orre!t the if the" ha%e !o itte& an spe!ifi! states an& un&er what the issue&H in the ornin, of 2 >anuar" 1988H a fi,htin, for!e' within the territorial waters of another as a error' (1osales %' Court of +ppealsH 1)2 SC1+ for!e a" :e use&' 6arrant of Sei=ure an& -etention a,ainst the 1) 1e&enH >olan +n&" !onsi&ere& %iolation of +rti!le 2(#) an& of the <nite& Nations 3## +re P19881) !orporation for the sei=ure of the ele!troni! U%e !o :atants o# 5fFor"e5 thus entitle& Se #<!e#en%e5 to treat :" ent 4aging prisoners 4ar Charter' the support pro%i&e& +as eria to the e?uip ent' 3he warrant parti!ularl" &es!ri:es the 619987 of warLof No%a ,oes :e"on& the ere ,i%in, of re:els ele!troni! e?uip entare an& the spe!ifies the pro%isions 9') 3he followin, e0!eptions to the onetar" or ps"!holo,i!al support :ut !onsists in 2) +re the !i%ilians liDewise prisoners No M5E' +t !apture& the Nure :er,strial of the Na=iwere war of the 3ariff an& Custo Co&e whi!h appli!ation of ofthe of e0haustion the pro%ision ar &o!trine s an& trainin,H the a!ts of of of warL !ri inals at the en& of the 6orl& 6ar 55' the %iolate& :" the i portation' a& eria inistrati%e re e&ies: + !an :e !onsi&ere& as in&ire!t a,,ression &efense ar,ue& on :ehalf of the $er an ANS4ER: 3he warrant was ser%e& an& of i +rti!le ple ente& a ountin, to another %iolation 2(#)' in the 1' 3he purel" &efen&ants that ?uestion althou,h in%ol%e& a nation is !oul& not wa,e afternoon of 2 >anuar" 1988 :" Custo s le,al; >olan 1) 1e&enH an& +n&" are not trans,ressin, !o :atants a,,ressi%e war without 2' en 3he a& then inistrati%e :o&" the is in &es!ri:e& poli!e who sei=e& 5n a&&itionH an& are not e%en entitle& if the to pro%ision treat of assupport prisoners is not of 5nternational lawH it !oul& ent use war as an estoppel; e?uip ent' 3he in%entor" of the sei=e& arti!les was 3' 3he a!tare !o plaine& of that is patentl" enou,h warH :e!ause to !onsi&er the a!t er!enaries' a an& %iolation +rti!le of the #7 non* of 5nstru ent of the" self*&efenseH the nation si,ne& :" the Se!retar" of the 3iDasan use ille,al; the Proto!ol of for!e:e prin!ipleH 5 to the $ene%a this;u&,e is a Con%entions %iolation of the of itself the sole offor whether its #' ust 3here is an ur,ent nee& >u&i!ial Corporation' 3he followin, &a"H a hearin, offi!er in prin!iple 19#9 pro%i&es: of in non*inter%ention in woul& !usto "ou ar" a!tions were self*&efense' @ow the inter%ention; Affi!e of the Colle!tor of Custo s !on&u!te& a 5nternational law' the ar,u ent if not "ou ha%e were a :erto of :e the C+eet 8er!enar" shall the e ri,ht hearin, the !onfis!ation of the 2' on 3he !lai in%ol%e& is e?uip ent' 3ri:unal tr"in, the !aseL P2NQ +,,ression !o :atant or isathe prisoner use of ofar war'C e& for!e :" a state s all; )' the $ra%e an& irrepara:le in;ur" will :e or a,ainst so%erei,nt"H territorial inte,rit" SU22ESTE! ANS4ER: Pursuant +rti!le #7the of Proto!ol 5 of file& the $ene%a 3wo &a"sto thereafterH !orporation with the suffere&; politi!al in&epen&en!e of another state or in an" Con%entions of 19#9H 1e&enH >olanH an& +n&" are Supre a petition for !ertiorariH prohi:ition No rule e ofCourt 5nternational law ,i%es a state resortin, other anner in!onsistent with the <nite& Nations 7' an&a 3here no other plainH spee&" an& :e!ause the" were re!ruite& to fi,ht an& us to is set asi&e the warrantH toer!enariesH war alle,e&l" in self*&efense the en;oin ri,ht to Charter' a&e?uate re a e&"; in an ar e&with !onfli!tH the" in !on!lusi%e fa!t &ire!t part in the Colle!tor an& his a,ents fro tooD further &eter ine le,all" effe!t the 2) hostilitiesH 9" of %irtue of the prin!iple of taDe so%erei,n the the" oti%ate& to part in pro!ee&in, with thewere forfeiture hearin, an& to le,alit" su!h a!tion' 8' Stron, pu:li! interest is i hostilities unit"H so%erei,n state !an e?uip :e a&e the essentiall" :" the &esire for pri%ate se!ure the no return of the !onfis!ate& entH a 3hein%ol%e&; >u&, ent of the Nure :er, 5nternational 9' su:;e!t the !ontro%ers" is part" to therein a 3he pro!ee&in, :efore the 5nternational ,ain an& in fa!t was pro of ise& a issue& han&so salar" alle,in, that the warrant is e null an& 8ilitar" 3ri:unal re;e!te& the &efense of the Na=i pri%ate Court of >usti!e unless it has ,i%en2 its :" the 8osle sH the" were neither nationals ofof a %oi& for the law; reason thatH pursuant to Se!tion war !ri inals: !onsent' ''' part" to the !onfli!t nor resi&ents of territor" +rti!le 555 of the 1987 ConstitutionH onl" a ;u&,e 10' 3he !ase in%ol%es a ?uo warranto C9ut a!tion taDen the !lai are of not self* !ontrolle& a part"warrant' to theun&er !onfli!tH the" a" whether issue :" a sear!h 5n his !o ent to pro!ee&in, (Sun%ille 3i :er Pro&u!tsH 5n!' %' &efense was in fa!t or e petitionH :ers of the the ar a,,ressi%e e& for!es of a &efensi%e part" to the ust the Colle!tor of Custo sH throu,h the +:a&' 20) SC1+ #82 U1992); ulti atel" Affi!e of :e su:;e!t to

shall the Affi!e ha%e of :een the pu:lishe& Presi&ent'in 9ati:otBs a newspaper otion of for re!onsi&eration ,eneral !ir!ulation was atliDewise least two &enie&' weeDs :efore the first hearin, on the ' 5n a!!or&an!e with this 9ati:ot then file& a petition for !ertiorari an& pro%isionH in Co issioner of 5nternal 1e%enue % prohi:ition to re%iew an& annul the or&ers of the C+H 2)1 SC1+ 23) (199))H it was hel& that when 1e,ional 3rial Court' -o "ou :elie%e the petition an a& inistrati%e rule su:stantiall" in!reases the for !ertiorari an& prohi:ition is eritoriousL 6h" or :ur&en of those &ire!tl" affe!te&H the" shoul& :e wh" notL a!!or&e& the !han!e to :e hear& :efore its S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: issuan!e' 3he petition for !ertiorari an& prohi:ition is +73/1N+35E/ +NS6/1: eritoriousH 3he or&er of the trial !ourt ust Su: ission of the rule to the <ni%ersit" of the a!!or&in,l" :e set asi&e' +s hel& in a si ilar !aseH Philippines 7aw Center for pu:li!ation is 7ian,a 9a" 7o,,in, Co' %' /na,eH 122 SC1+ 80 an&ator"' <nless this re?uire ent is !o plie& (1987)H &e!isions of a& inistrati%e offi!ers shoul& withH the rule !annot :e enfor!e&' not :e &istur:e& :" the !ourts e0!ept when the for er ha%e a!te& without or in e0!ess of their 2o*ern+ent Agen"y *%= 2o*ern+ent ;uris&i!tion or with ,ra%e a:use of &is!retion' 3he In%tr-+enta ity 6>7<899A7 ere suspi!ion of +pe0 that there were ano alies (3) State with reason(s) whi!h of the followin, is in the nonrelease of the first C&e!isionC an& its a ,o%ern ent a,en!" or a ,o%ern ent su:stitution of a new one :" another +ssistant instru entalit": /0e!uti%e &oes not re%iew' 1 Se!retar" -epart ent of ;ustif" Pu:li! ;u&i!ial 6orDs an& 8ere :eliefsH suspi!ions an& !on;e!tures !annot @i,hwa"s; o%er!o 2e the presu ption of re,ularit" of 9an,Do Sentral n, Pilipinas; offi!ial a!tion' 3 Philippine Ports +uthorit"; # 2 7an& 3ransportation Affi!e; 7an& 9anD of the Philippines' (2N)

Pala!e an& a lon,*stan&in, 9ureau un&er the -epart ent of 5nterior an& 7o!al $o%ern ents' Ad+in La15 .-di"ia Re*ie1 o# Ad+ini%trati*e 3he e plo"ees of :oth offi!es assaile& the a!tion A"tion 689917 of the Presi&ent for :ein, an en!roa!h ent of No M5E $i%e the an& twothere:" (2) re?uisites forthe the ;u&i!ial le,islati%e powers %oi&' 6as re%iew of of a& !ontention theinistrati%e e plo"ees&e!isionIa!tionsH !orre!tL /0plain' that isH when is an a& inistrati%e a!tion ripe for >u&i!ial re%iewL (2N) S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: 3he !ontention of the e plo"ees is not !orre!t' +s S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: hel& in 9uDlo& n, Gawanin, /@9 %' .a ora' 3)0 3he followin, are theSe!tion !on&itions ripeness for SC1+ 718 P2001QH 31Hfor 9ooD 555 of the ;u&i!ial re%iew of an a& inistrati%e a!tion: +& inistrati%e Co&e of 1987 has &ele,ate& to the Presi&ent !ontinuin, authorit" to reor,ani=e the 1' 3he a& inistrati%e a!tion has alrea&" :een a& inistrati%e stru!ture of the Affi!e of the full" !o plete& an&H thereforeH is a final a,en!" Presi&ent to a!hie%e si pli!it"H e!ono " an& a!tion; an& effi!ien!"' Sin!e this in!lu&es the power to a:olish 2' +ll a&the inistrati%e re !an e&ies ha%ethe :een offi!esH Presi&ent a:olish Affi!e of the e0hauste&' P$on=alesH +& pro%i&e& inistrati%e it 7awH 1e0 in Presi&ential SpoDes anH is &one 9ooDstore: p' 13) (1979)Q' ,oo& faith' 8anilaH 3he Presi&ent !an also a:olish the 9ureau in the -epart ent of 5nterior an& 7o!al $o%ern entsH pro%i&e& it is &one in ,oo& faith Ad+in La15 Re*ie1 Ad+ini%trati*e :e!ause the .-di"ia Presi&ent has o# :een ,rante& !e"i%ion% 619887 !ontinuin, authorit" to reor,ani=e the a& inistrati%e stru!ture of the National No' 17: +pe0 7o,,in, Co' an& 9ati:ot 7o,,in, Co' $o%ern ent tito:er effe!t e!ono hol&ers " an&in pro ote are a&;a!ent !on!ession 5sa:ela' effi!ien!"H an& the powers in!lu&e the a:olition of 9e!ause of :oun&ar" !onfli!tsH an& utual !har,es ,o%ern ent offi!es' (Presi&ential -e!ree No' 1#1)H of in!ursions into their respe!ti%e !on!ession as a en&e& :" Presi&ential -e!ree aNo' 1772; areasH the 9ureau of Forestr" or&ere& sur%e" to 7arin %' 3he /0e!uti%e Se!retar"' 280 SC1+ 713 esta:lish on the ,roun& their !o on :oun&ar"' P1997Q)' 3he 9ureau of Forestr"Bs &e!ision in effe!t fa%ore& 9ati:ot' +pe0 appeale& to the -epart ent of Natural 1esour!es an& /n%iron ent an& this &epart ent re%erse& the &e!ision of the 9ureau of Ad+in La15 R- e% and Reg- ation%5 !-e Forestr" an& sustaine& +pe0' 5t was the turn of Pro"e%% 689997 9ati:ot to appeal to the Affi!e of the Presi&ent' 3he No 555' of *3he e 5n&ustr" +uthorit" Affi!e the8ariti Presi&ent throu,h an +sst'(8+15N+) /0e!uti%e issue& new rules an& re,ulations ,o%ernin, Se!retar" sustaine& the -epart ent of Natural pilota,e ser%i!es an& feesH an& the of 1esour!es ari& /n%iron ent' An a !on&u!t otion for pilots in Philippine ports' 3his it &i& without noti!eH re!onsi&eration :" 9ati:otH howe%erH an +sst' hearin, nor !onsultation with har:or pilots or their /0e!uti%e Se!retar" other than the one who si,ne& asso!iations whose the &e!ision affir ri,hts in, an& the a!ti%ities &e!isionare ofto :e the su:stantiall" affe!te&' 3he har:or an& pilots then file& -epart ent of Natural 1esour!es /n%iron ent suit to ha%e the new -issatisfie& 8+15N+ rules &e!i&e& for 9ati:otH with an& the re,ulations &e!lare& un!onstitutional for ha%in, +& inistrati%e a!tion on the !ontro%ers"' +pe0 file& :een issue& without &ue pro!ess' -e!i&e the an a!tion with the 1e,ional 3rial Court a,ainst !ase' (2N) 9ati:otH the -ire!tor of Forestr"H an& the +sst' /0e!uti%e Se!retaries S<$$/S3/+NS6/1:insistin, that a ;u&i!ial re%iew of su!h &i%er,ent a& inistrati%e &e!isions is 3he issuan!e the new an& re,ulations ne!essar" to of &eter ine rules the !orre!t :oun&ar" line %iolate& &ue pro!ess' <n&er Se!tion 9H Chapter of the li!ense& areas in ?uestion' 55H 9ooD E55 of the +& inistrati%e Co&e of 1987H as far as pra!ti!a:leH :efore a&optin, propose& rulesH an a& inistrati%e a,en!" shoul& pu:lish or !ir!ulate noti!es of the propose& rules an& affor& 9ati:ot o%e& to &is iss the a!tionH :ut the intereste& parties the opportunit" to su: it their 1e,ional 3rial Court &enie& the sa e an& e%en %iews; an& in the fi0in, of ratesH no rule shall :e en;oine& enfor!e ent of the &e!ision of %ali& unless the propose& rates

Ad+in La15 0eaning o# L2o*ern+ent o# t'e P'i i$$ine%M 619977 No' 3: +re ,o%ern ent*owne& or !ontrolle& !orporations within the s!ope an& eanin, of the C$o%ern ent of the PhilippinesCL S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: Se!tion 2 of the 5ntro&u!tor" Pro%ision of the +& inistrati%e Co&e of 1987 &efines the ,o%ern ent of the Philippines as the !orporate ,o%ern ental entit" throu,h whi!h the fun!tions of ,o%ern ent are e0er!ise& throu,hout the PhilippinesH in!lu&in,H sa e as the !ontrar" appears fro the !onte0tH the %arious ar s )' 3he a,,rie%e& part" will suffer irrepara:le throu,h whi!h politi!al authorit" is a&e effe!ti%e in;ur"; in the PhilippinesH whether pertainin, to the 3here is estoppel; autono 7' ous re,ionsH the pro%in!ialH !it"H uni!ipal or :aran,a" su:&i%isions other for s 8' 1esort to a& inistrati%e re e&iesor woul& :e of lo!al ,o%ern ent' futile; $o%ern ent owne& or !ontrolle& !orporation are 9' 3he &e!ision is that of a &epart ent hea&; within the s!ope an& eanin, of the $o%ern ent of the Philippines if the" are perfor in, 10' 3he law e0pressl" pro%i&es for i e&iate ,o%ern ental or politi!al fun!tions' ;u&i!ial re%iew; 11' Pu:li! interest is in%ol%e&; Ad+in La15 Po1er o# t'e Pre%ident to 12' 3here Ad+ini%trati*e was unreasona:le &ela" in the Reorgani)e Str-"t-re 6899:7 a& inistrati%e pro!ee&in,s; an& No E5 * 3he Presi&ent a:olishe& the Affi!e of the 13' 3he a,,rie%e& is poor' Presi&ential SpoDes an inpart" 8ala!anan,

intents an& purposes' + &istin!tionH howe%erH a" :e a&e with respe!t to those entities possessin, a separate !harter !reate& :" statute' 1 -P6@ is an a,en!"' 5t &oes not possess a separate !harter' 2 9SP is an instru entalit" :e!ause it was in!orporate& un&er the new Central 9anD 7aw (1'+' No' 7)23) 3 PP+ !an :e &efine& as :oth an instru entalit" an& an a,en!" :e!ause it was in!orporate& :" spe!ial law an& it has its own !harterH "et it is inte,rate& with the -A3C' # 73A is an a,en!"' 5t is an offi!e of the -A3C' 2 79P is an instru entalit" ha%in, a !harter un&er a spe!ial law an& is a ,o%ern ent finan!ial institution ($F5) in&epen&ent of an" &epart ent of ,o%ern ent' >-a%i<.-di"ia &ody or Agen"y 6>A<899?7 3' 6hat is a ?uasi*;u&i!ial :o&" or a,en!"L (2'2N) S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: + ?uasi*;u&i!ial :o&" or a,en!" is an a& inistrati%e :o&" with the power to hearH &eter ine or as!ertain fa!ts an& &e!i&e ri,htsH &uties an& o:li,ations of the parties :" the appli!ation of rules to the as!ertaine& fa!ts' 9" this powerH ?uasi*;u&i!ial a,en!ies are ena:le& to interpret an& appl" i ple entin, rules an& re,ulations pro ul,ate& :" the an& laws entruste& to their a& inistration'

S<$$/S3/- +NS6/1: +n 5NS31<8/N3+753O refers to an" a,en!" of the national ,o%ern ent not inte,rate& within the &epart ental fra eworDH %este& with spe!ial fun!tions or ;uris&i!tion :" lawH with so e if not all !orporate powersH a& inisterin, spe!ial fun&sH an& en;o"in, operational autono "H usuall" throu,h a !harter' (5ron an& Steel +uthorit" %' Court of +ppealsH $'1' No' 10297)H A!to:er 22H 1992) +$/NCO un&er the a& inistrati%e !o&e is an" &epart entH :ureauH offi!eH !o issionH authorit" or offi!er of the national ,o%ern entH authori=e& :" law or e0e!uti%e or&er to aDe rulesH issue li!ensesH ,rant ri,hts or pri%ile,esH an& a&;u&i!ate !ases; resear!h institutions with respe!t to li!ensin, fun!tions; ,o%ern ent !orporations with respe!t to fun!tions re,ulatin, pri%ate ri,htsH pri%ile,esH o!!upation or :usinessH an& offi!ials in the e0er!ise of the &is!iplinar" powers as pro%i&e& :" law' 3here is NA P1+C35C+7 -5S35NC35AN :etween an instru entalit" an& a,en!"H for all