Java applets

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Outline

What is Java?
Java Applications Java Applets Java Applets Securities

Summary

What is Java?

Java was conceived by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems Inc. in 1991 Java is platform independent language Java programming is a/an object-oriented programming.

Object oriented language

The world around us consists of objects.

e.g. the ATM

Object oriented language

The world around us consists of objects. Let the program consist of objects.

Object oriented language

The program consist of objects.
Objects of the same kind form a class.
E.g. class ATM or class Money.

Object oriented language

The program consist of objects. Objects of the same kind form a class. Each object has some methods. Money withdrawMoney(ATMCard card,int amount)

(Objects in the same class have the same methods.)

Object oriented language

A method of the ATM class: parameters

Money withdrawMoney(ATMCard card,int amount)

type of return value

name of the type of the parameter parameter

myPurse.addMoney(theATM. withdrawMoney(myATMCard,1000));

Object oriented language

more ideas borrowed from the real world:

encapsulation you do not need to know how the ATM works inside. inheritance you can easily create class ATMWithClocks extending class ATM. The new class inherits the methods of the ATM class.

Java Architecture
source code JVM

Compiler

byte code

Computer

programmer

user

Java Architecure
source code

portability security

JVM
Compiler

byte code

Computer

programmer

user

speed

Why Java?
simple portable secure free

slow

So Whats Java Good For? Web applications!

Java Applet Java Applet

Server

Learning Java
language libraries book, lectures

documentation http://java.sun.com/docs/ examples on the web (problem often old version of Java)

How are Java Applications written?

HelloWorld.java:
public class HelloWorld { public static void main (String[] args) { System.out.println(Hello, World); } } Compile HelloWorld.java javac HelloWorld.java Output: HelloWorld.class Run java HelloWorld 15 Output: Hello, World

Building JAVA Application

Prepare the file HelloWorld.java using an editor Invoke the compiler: javac HelloWorld.java This creates HelloWorld.class Run the java interpreter: java HelloWorld

What is an applet?

PIG PIGLET

APPLE APPLET

What is an applet?

An applet is a small Java program that is embedded and ran in some other Java interpreter program such as
a Java technology-enabled browser Suns applet viewer program called appletviewer

Applet
TCP/IP (socket)

Netscape(JVM) Loads HTML file Loads Java Applet

TCP/IP (HTTP)

Internet
TCP/IP (HTTP)

Client

TCP/IP (socket)

Server HTML files(Applet Tags) Applets

Web Server

Applets, web page, client, server

server host browser host
web server reqeust for myWebPage.html myWebPage.html myWebPage.html request for HelloWorldclass HelloWorld.class browser

... <applet code=HelloWorld.class</applet> ...

HelloWorld.class

HelloWorld.class

Applet Execution - 1

An applet program is a written as a inheritance of the java.Applet class There is no main() method in an Applet.

An applet uses AWT for graphics

Applet Execution - 2

Life Cycle of an Applet:

init: This method is intended for whatever initialization is needed for an applet. start: This method is automatically called after init method. It is also called whenever user returns to the page containing the applet after visiting other pages. stop: This method is automatically called whenever the user moves away from the page containing applets. This method can be used to stop an animation. destroy: This method is only called when the browser shuts down normally.
Ref: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/deployment/applet/index.html/

Applet Execution - 3

The applet is running and rendered on the web page. Every Applet needs to implement one or more of the init(), the start( ) and the paint( ) methods. At the end of the execution, the stop( ) method is invoked, followed by the destroy( ) method to deallocate the applets resources.

Applet life cycle

browser visits page containing an applet

browser calls init on that applet, once browser calls start on that applet

init()
start()
do some work

browser goes away from that page

browser calls stop on that applet

browser comes back to that page

browser calls start again on that applet

stop() destroy()

browser shuts down

browser calls destroy on the applet, once

HTML tags for applets - 1

<APPLET // the beginning of the HTML applet code CODE="demoxx.class" // the actual name of the applet (usually a 'class' file) CODEBASE="demos/" // the location of the applet (relative as here, or a full URL) NAME=SWE622" // the name of the instance of the applet on this page WIDTH="100" // the physical width of the applet on the page HEIGHT="50" // the physical height of the applet on the page ALIGN="Top" // align the applet within its page space (top, bottom, center)

HTML tags for applets - 2

<APPLET CODE=test.class" CODEBASE="example/" WIDTH=460 HEIGHT=160 NAME="buddy" > <PARAM NAME="imageSource" VALUE="images/Beans"> <PARAM NAME="backgroundColor" VALUE="0xc0c0c0"> <PARAM NAME="endImage" VALUE=10> </APPLET>

Applet's Attributes
Attribute Explanation Example

Code
Width height Codebase alt name
Align(top,left,right,bottom)

Name of class file

Width of applet Height of applet Applets Directory Alternate text if applet not available Name of the applet
Justify the applet with text

Code=applet0.class
Width=300 Height=60 Codebase=/applets Alt=menu applet Name=appletExam Align=right

HTML
<html> <head> <title> Hello World Applet </title> </head> <body> <applet code="HelloWorld.class width=300 height=200> </applet> </body> </html>

Your Turn!

You first applet Hello World

History of an Applet

Edit java source code & html

notepad Hello.java notepad Hello.html javac Hello.java produces Hello.class appletviewer Hello.html browser Hello.html

Compile source to ByteCodes

View applet (Java Virtual Machine)

<html> <body> <applet code=Hello.class width=300 height=300> </applet> </body> </html>

<html> <body> <applet code=Hello.class width=300 height=300> </applet> </body> </html>

Save as Hello.html

import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.*;

public class Hello extends Applet { public void init() { repaint(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawString(Hello World!,30,30); }

what to draw

where to draw it

Save as Hello.java

History of an Applet

Edit java source code & html

notepad Hello.java notepad Hello.html javac Hello.java produces Hello.class appletviewer Hello.html browser Hello.html

Compile source to ByteCodes

View applet (Java Virtual Machine)

History of an Applet

Edit java source code & html

notepad Hello.java notepad Hello.html javac Hello.java produces Hello.class appletviewer Hello.html browser Hello.html

Compile source to ByteCodes

View applet (Java Virtual Machine)

The coordinate system

The applet is drawn in a rectangle, which consists of pixels.
width

The coordinate system

Each pixel has a coordinate (x,y) (0,0) x (width,0)

Sample Graphics methods

A Graphics is something you can paint on

g.drawString(Hello, 20, 20);
g.drawRect(x, y, width, height);

Hello

g.fillRect(x, y, width, height);

g.drawOval(x, y, width, height); g.fillOval(x, y, width, height); g.setColor(Color.red);

Applet Security
For security reasons, applets that are loaded over the network have several restrictions. an applet cannot ordinarily read or write files on the computer that it's executing on. an applet cannot make network connections except to the host that it came from.

Ref: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/deployment/applet/index.html/

What are the disadvantages of applets?

Applets cant run any local executable programs

Applets cant with any host other than the originating server
Applets cant read/write to local computers file system

What are the disadvantages of applets? (Contd)

Applets cant find any information about the local computer All java-created pop-up windows carry a warning message Stability depends on stability of the clients web server Performance directly depend on clients machine

What are the advantages of applets?

Automatically integrated with HTML; hence, resolved virtually all installation issues. Can be accessed from various platforms and various java-enabled web browsers. Can provide dynamic, graphics capabilities and visualizations Implemented in Java, an easy-to-learn OO programming language

What are the advantages of applets? (Contd)

Alternative to HTML GUI design

Safe! Because of the security built into the core Java language and the applet structure, you dont have to worry about bad code causing damage to someones system
Can be launched as a standalone web application independent of the host web server

Summary

An applet is a Java class Its code is downloaded from a web server It is invoked by a browser when it scans a web page and encounters a class specified with the APPLET tag For security reason, the execution of an applet is normally subject to restrictions:

applets cannot access files in the file system on the client host Applets cannot make network connection exception to the server host from which it originated

Resources

http://java.sun.com/

Java[tm] 2 Platform, Standard Edition v1.6.1

java, javac, jar, jre, etc. Any platform... FREE!

Online documentation and tutorials Integrated development environment (IDE) for nothing in particular Java[tm] development tools (JDT) (comes with Eclips)

http://www.eclipse.org/

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