Detroitdiesel Lube Oil Fuel Requirements

ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS
Trademark Information
Detroit Diesel, DDC, and the spinning arrows design are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation. Series 50, Series 55, Series 60, Series 92, Series 2000, Series 30G, Power Guard, Power Trac, and SUN are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation. Series 40 and Series 4000 are trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation. Fuel Pro, Sea Pro and Mega Filter are registered trademarks of Davco Manufacturing, L.L.C. Biobor JF is a registered trademark of United States Borax and Chemical Corporation. DuPont is a registered trademark of E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)
7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. LUBRICATING OIL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 2.1 FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES ................................................................................ 2.1.1 LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE STARTING ............................................................ 2.1.2 GLOBAL DHD-1 OILS FOR NON-EGR ENGINES ................................................... 2.1.3 ONLY PGOS 93K12 APPROVED OILS ARE RECOMMENDED ............................... 2.1.4 ENGINES WITH COOLED EGR ................................................................................ 2.1.5 MONOGRADE OILS ................................................................................................... 2.1.6 HIGH SULFUR FUEL (ON-HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS) .......................................... 2.2 TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES ................................................................................. 2.2.1 OIL TYPE SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................... 2.2.1.1 MILITARY SPEC OILS ......................................................................................... LUBRICATING OIL SELECTION CRITERIA ..................................................................... SAE VISCOSITY GRADE SELECTION .......................................................................... HIGH TEMPERATURE/HIGH SHEAR VISCOSITY ........................................................ GLOBAL DHD-1 SPECIFICATION ................................................................................. SULFATED ASH AND TOTAL BASE NUMBER ............................................................. LOW ZINC, HIGH TBN INDUSTRIAL DIESEL LUBRICANTS (OIL TYPE 4 FOR TWO-STROKE ENGINES) ............................................................................................. UNIVERSAL OILS ........................................................................................................... SYNTHETIC OILS ........................................................................................................... LUBRICANT SELECTION OUTSIDE NORTH AMERICA .............................................. MILITARY ENGINE OIL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................... TYPICAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................................. THE USE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ADDITIVES ................................................................. BRAND NAME APPROVED LUBRICANTS ................................................................... PURCHASING BULK ENGINE OIL ................................................................................ WASTE OIL DISPOSAL AND REREFINED OILS .......................................................... CLOSED BREATHER APPLICATIONS .......................................................................... 1- 1 2222222222233333333333333334444444455551 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 1 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 1 1 3 3
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 4
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS ..................................................................................................... 4.1 OIL DRAIN INTERVALS SERIES 50 AND SERIES 60 ON-HIGHWAY ENGINES ......... 4.2 OIL DRAIN INTERVALS FOR MBE900 ON-HIGHWAY ENGINES ................................. 4.3 THE USE OF HIGH SULFUR FUELS ............................................................................. 4.4 EXTENDING OIL DRAIN INTERVALS ............................................................................ 4.4.1 ENGINES WITHOUT EGR ........................................................................................ 4.4.2 ENGINES WITH EGR ................................................................................................ 4.5 USED LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSIS ............................................................................ DIESEL FUEL ..................................................................................................................... 5.1 QUALITY AND SELECTION ........................................................................................... 5.1.1 FUEL LUBRICITY ....................................................................................................... 5.1.2 PREMIUM DIESEL FUEL ...........................................................................................
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.1.3 HEAVY FUELS NOT RECOMMENDED ..................................................................... 5.1.4 BIODIESEL FUELS .................................................................................................... 5.1.5 OTHER FUELS ........................................................................................................... 5.2 DIESEL FUEL PROPERTIES ......................................................................................... 5.2.1 95% BOILING POINT ................................................................................................. 5.2.2 CETANE NUMBER ..................................................................................................... 5.2.3 FUEL STABILITY ........................................................................................................ 5.2.4 FUEL SULFUR CONTENT ......................................................................................... 5.2.5 FUEL OPERATING TEMPERATURE AND VISCOSITY ............................................ 5.3 FUEL ADDITIVES ........................................................................................................... 5.3.1 WATER CONTAMINATION ......................................................................................... 5.3.2 FUEL ADDITIVES THAT ARE NOT ALLOWED ......................................................... 5.3.3 EVALUATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL FUEL ADDITIVES ............................................ 5.4 DIESEL FUEL STORAGE ............................................................................................... 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7 8 FILTRATION ........................................................................................................................ FUEL AND LUBRICATING OIL FILTERS ....................................................................... BOSCH FUEL FILTRATION SYSTEMS .......................................................................... AFTERMARKET FILTRATION SYSTEMS ...................................................................... DETROIT DIESEL MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS .......................................................... STATEMENT OF DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION WARRANTY ................................. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................... APPROVED LUBRICANTS ..................................................................................
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3 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 1 1 1 2 2
7- 1 8- 1 A- 1
APPENDIX A:
iv
INTRODUCTION
This publication species the type of lubricants, fuels, lters and related maintenance intervals required for the diesel-fueled engines manufactured and marketed by Detroit Diesel Corporation. The information in this publication applies to Series 60, 50, 55, 40, 40E, 638, D700, MBE900, MBE4000 and two-cycle engines. NOTE: For Series 2000 or Series 4000 engine lubricating oil, fuel and coolant requirements, refer to publication, MTU Fluid and Lube Specications, available from authorized Detroit Diesel distributors. For information on fuels, lubricants and lters required for DDC engines using alternate fuels (other than diesel fuel) and other engine products not covered in this publication, refer to the specic publications for those engines. Selection of the proper quality of fuel, lubricating oil and lters in conjunction with required oil and lter maintenance is required to achieve the long and trouble-free service which Detroit Diesel engines are designed to provide. Operation with improper fuels, lubricants and lters can degrade engine performance and may void the manufacturer's warranty.
1-1
INTRODUCTION
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1-2
LUBRICATING OIL REQUIREMENTS
Labeling grades and classication of today's oil may not be sufcient as a method of lubricant selection. The proper lubricating oil for Detroit Diesel engines was established based on PGOS (Power Guard Oil Specication) 93K124 approved criteria. The current API Service Category CI-4 Plus forms the core of the 93K214 specication. However, additional requirements are added to the specication to assure adequate lubrication performance for newer emission controlled engines, particularly those equipped with cooled EGR. DDC works through API, Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) and other trade organizations to develop quality oil which meets DDC's requirements. The PGOS specication describes the type of engine lubricants preferred for use in DDC engines meeting 2002 and later exhaust emission regulations, particularly those equipped with cooled EGR, including Series 50, Series 60, MBE4000, and MBE900 engines. These lubricants are also recommended for use in pre-2002 model year DDC engines.
2.1
FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES
The lubricating oil requirements for Series, 40, 40E, 50, 55, 60, 638, D700, MBE 900, and MBE 4000 four-stroke cycle engines are outlined in this section. The API symbol is shown below.
Figure 2-1
API Symbol: 4-Stroke Cycle Engine Oils
2.1.1
LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE STARTING
At ambient temperatures below -4 F (-20 C), SAE 15W-40, 5W-30, 10W-30 or 10W-40 oils may be used, provided they are API CI-4 Plus and have demonstrated eld performance in DDC engines. These oils must possess a High Temperature / High Shear (HT/HS) Viscosity of 3.7 minimum. For more information on HT/HS, refer to Section 3.2.
2-1
2.1.2
GLOBAL DHD-1 OILS FOR NON-EGR ENGINES
Engine oils meeting Global DHD-1 qualify for oil drain extension. See oil drain intervals listed in Table 4-1 and Section 3 , Lubricating Oil Selection Criteria, for more information.
2.1.3
ONLY PGOS 93K12 APPROVED OILS ARE RECOMMENDED
PGOS approved oils should be used in Detroit Diesel engines equipped with EGR (for post October 2002 engines). Lubricants meeting PGOS criteria provide maximum engine life when used in conjunction with specied oil drain and lter maintenance schedules.
2.1.4
ENGINES WITH COOLED EGR
The list of approved PGOS oils are intended for use with cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) engines meeting 2002 and later exhaust emission regulations. Lubricants meeting PGOS are required for use in 2002 and newer engines and recommended for use in all Detroit Diesel Series 40, 40E, Series 50, Series 55, Series 60, 638, and D700 engines and MBE 900 and MBE 4000 engines. Oils that are NOT PGOS approved are adequate for 1998 through September 2002 non-EGR engines.
2.1.5
MONOGRADE OILS
Monograde oils, irrespective of API service category, should not be used in on-road applications in any DDC 4-stroke engines or in off-road applications in Series 40E, 50, 60, MBE 900 and MBE 4000 engines.
2.1.6
HIGH SULFUR FUEL (ON-HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS)
When the use of high sulfur fuel (greater than 0.05% mass sulfur) is unavoidable, higher alkalinity (TBN) lubricants are recommended. High sulfur fuels require modication to oil drain intervals. For further information, refer to Section 4.3, The Use of High Sulfur Fuels.
2-2
2.2
TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES
The selection of the correct engine oil for DDC two-stroke cycle engines is dependent upon the application and fuel sulfur levels. The proper engine oils are listed in Table 2-1 and in Table 2-2. These tables should be used to select the proper engine oil.
Recommended Oil Type Engine Series 53, 71, 92 All Applications Fuel Sulfur Primary Less than 0.5% 0.5 to 1.0% 149 Marine Only 149 All Applications, Except Marine Less than 0.5% 0.5 to 1.0% Less than 0.4% 0.4 to 1.0% 1 11 2 or 3 11 3 4 Secondary 2, 3 or 4 4 4 3* or 4 4 None
* The use of oils under these conditions requires a reduction in oil drain intervals, refer to section 4 Drain Intervals and Section 4.3, The Use of High Sulfur Fuel.
Table 2-1
DDC Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Oil Requirements
2.2.1
OIL TYPE SPECIFICATIONS
After determining the required oil type for the application and anticipated fuel sulfur content, use Table 22 to identify the type of lubricant required. These are listed in Table 2-2. The superscript numbers refer to notes of explanation provided on the next page.
Oil Type API Classication1 1 CF-2 404 1.0% Max. 7.0 Min.7 Not Specied Not Specied7
7
2 CF-2 404 0.85 Max. 7.0 Min.7 Not Specied Not Specied7
7
3 CF-2 505 0.8% Max. 7.0 Min.

7
4 CF-2 or LMOA2 505 Not Specied 13.0 Min. Not Specied 100 Max. 100 Max.
Viscosity Grade3 Sulfated Ash (ASTM D 874)6 Alkalinity (ASTM D 2896) Calcium, ppm Zinc, ppm Phosphorous, ppm
400 600 Max. Not Specied7

7
Not Specied
Not Specied
Not Specied
Table 2-2
Oil Type Specications
2-3
Following are notes of explanation for Table 2-2. 1. Only oils licensed by American Petroleum Institute are recommended in Detroit Diesel two-stroke cycle engines. Licensed oils must display the API Symbol. See Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2
API Symbol: 2-Stroke Cycle Engine Oils
2. LMOA = Locomotive Maintenance Ofcers' Association 3. For continuous high temperature operation (over 200 F or 93 C coolant out), the use of an SAE grade 50 lubricant in DDC two-stroke cycle Series 53, 71 and 92 engines is required. SAE grade 50 lubricants are also required for all Series 149 engines where ambient temperatures are above 95 F (35 C). 4. At ambient temperatures below freezing (32 F or 0 C), sufcient starter cranking speed may not be achieved to start the engine with SAE 40 grade oils. Where starting aids are not available or at very cold temperatures (0 F to -25 F or -18 C to -32 C) even if starting aids are available, the use of multigrade SAE 15W-40 or monograde lubricant SAE 30 will improve startability. These lubricants must possess a High Temperature High Shear Rate Viscosity (measured by ASTM D 4741 or equivalent) of 3.70 cP minimum. These oils must be replaced with monograde SAE 40 lubricants as soon as ambient conditions permit. Do not use multigrade or SAE 30 grade lubricants in two-stroke cycle marine engines or Series 149 under any circumstances. 5. At lower ambient temperatures where sufcient starter cranking speed may not be achieved to start the engine with SAE 50 grade oils, SAE grade 40 oils may be used. SAE 50 grade oils are not recommended below 45 F (7 C) ambient. 6. Engine oils with alkalinity between 6.5 and 7.0 may be used with demonstration of satisfactory performance and review by Detroit Diesel. 7. Not Specied; 700 ppm minimum recommended. Lubricants meeting these criteria have provided maximum engine life when used in conjunction with recommended oil drain and lter maintenance schedules.
2-4
2.2.1.1
Military Spec Oils
Military specied oils (Mil-L-2104 sufxes A through G) should not be used in commercial DDC two-stroke cycle engines unless they are API CF-2 licensed. Engine oils meeting military specication Mil-L-2104 are intended for use in military engines. Due to the specic operating and life cycle requirements of military engines, oils for these engines tend to be specialized toward that application. Refer to Section 3.9, Military Engine Oil Requirements. A more detailed description of each of these selection criteria may be found in further sections of this publication.
2-5
2-6
LUBRICATING OIL SELECTION CRITERIA
Selection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication.
3.1
SAE VISCOSITY GRADE SELECTION
Viscosity is a measure of an oil's ability to ow at various temperatures. The SAE Viscosity Grade system is dened in SAE Standard J 300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number. Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by a W, such as 15W-40, are classied as multigrade, while those with a single number are monograde. The higher the number, the higher the viscosity. The kinematic viscosity ranges with the associated SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table 3-1. This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperature range at which the engine will start and operate. It should be used only as a guideline, since actual operating conditions of the engine may determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate. Note that grades designated with a W are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements.
SAE Viscosity Grade 0W 5W 10W 15W 20W 25W 20 30 40 50 60
Viscosity (cP) at Temp. (C), Max. Cranking ASTM D 5293 6200 at -35 6600 at -30 7000 at -30 7000 at -20 9500 at -15 13,000 at -10 Pumping ASTM D 4684 60,000 at -40 60,000 at -35 60,000 at -30 60,000 at -25 60,000 at -20 60,000 at -15
Viscosity (cSt) ASTM D 445 t 100 C) Min. 3.8 3.8 4.1 5.6 5.6 9.3 5.6 9.3 12.5 16.3 21.9 Max. 9.3 12.5 16.3 21.9 26.1
High Temperature High Shear Rate Visc. @ 150 C & 105 sec. >2.6 >2.9 >3.7 >3.7 >3.7
Table 3-1
SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J 300, December 1999)
3-1
For standard values for temperature limits for various viscosity grades see Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1
Temperature Limits for Oil Viscosity Grades
3.2
HIGH TEMPERATURE/HIGH SHEAR VISCOSITY
High Temperature / High Shear (HT/HS) Viscosity is measured at 302 F (150 C) under shear stress conditions similar to very thin lm lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface. The value obtained from this test provides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils. In 15W-40 grade oils, a HT/HS viscosity below 3.7 centipoise (cP) indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions.
3.3
GLOBAL DHD-1 SPECIFICATION
Engine and equipment manufacturers from the United States, Europe and Japan have jointly developed a global heavy duty diesel engine oil specication designated Global DHD-1. Oils meeting this specication provide premium performance beyond API CH-4, and are recommended by Detroit Diesel for use in all four-cycle non-EGR engine products throughout the world. Engine oils meeting Global DHD-1 may permit extension of oil drain intervals 50% on non-EGR engines beyond those listed in Table 4-1.
3-2
3.4
SULFATED ASH AND TOTAL BASE NUMBER
Sulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation of metallic ash. The ash residue is related to the oil's additive composition and is signicant in predicting lubricants which may cause valve distress, cylinder kit scufng or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions. Total Base Number (TBN), which measures an oil's alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 or D 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-stroke diesel engines. When the use of a high ash oil is required, such as with high sulfur fuel, the oil selected should have the highest TBN to Ash ratio possible. For example, an oil with a TBN of 10 and an Ash of 1.2% mass is less desirable than an oil with the same TBN and 1.0% Ash. Also refer to Section 4, Oil Drain Intervals.
3.5
LOW ZINC, HIGH TBN INDUSTRIAL DIESEL LUBRICANTS (OIL TYPE 4 FOR TWO-STROKE ENGINES)
The petroleum industry markets specialty lubricants for diesel engines which are characterized by their high TBN and the absence of magnesium and zinc in their composition. These lubricants take into consideration the unique environments and operational characteristics of marine propulsion and railroad locomotive applications. Consequently, they are formulated quite differently from the types of lubricants specied by Detroit Diesel. Marine and railroad lubricants are recommended for use in Series 149 and other DDC two-stroke cycle engines where fuel sulfur content exceeds 0.5%. These oils may also be selected for use when one of the following situations exists: They are required in other equipment and only a single engine lubricant can be inventoried. Where there is a risk of resulting exhaust valve distress with conventional high ash oil.
Selection should be based on demonstrated satisfactory eld performance in Detroit Diesel engines as provided by the oil supplier. These oils are not recommended for use in DDC four-cycle engines, unless API licensed as CH-4 or CI-4 (preferred).
3.6
UNIVERSAL OILS
Universal Oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixed engine eets. These products are identied with combination API category designations such as SJ/CF or CG-4/SH. Although such products can be used in Detroit Diesel engines (provided they satisfy all Detroit Diesel requirements), their use is not as desirable as lubricants formulated specically for diesel engines and having API CF-2 or CG-4 / CH-4 / CI-4 designations. When selecting a universal oil, select one with the C category rst, as this should be primarily intended for diesel service.
3-3
3.7
SYNTHETIC OILS
Synthetic oils should be used in Detroit Diesel engines provided they are API licensed and meet the performance and chemical requirements outlined in this publication. The oil should be a PGOS 93K214 approved product for use in EGR equipped engines. For two-stroke cycle engines, only synthetic oils which do not contain viscosity improver additives may be used. The use of synthetic oils does not necessarily assure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits listed in Table 4-1.
3.8
LUBRICANT SELECTION OUTSIDE NORTH AMERICA
Engine Oils meeting Global DHD-1 are preferred for all DDC four-cycle engines worldwide. If these lubricants are not available, lubricants meeting European ACEA E2-96, E3-96 (or current Euro and ACEA approved oils), or E5-99 and API CG-4, CH-4 or CI-4/CI-4 Plus (preferred) may be used at the oil drain intervals also shown in Table 4-1. Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50% oil drain interval reduction. Oils meeting API CF may be used in DDC two-cycle products, provided they also meet military specication Mil-L-2104 F. Contact Detroit Diesel Corporation for further guidance.
3.9
MILITARY ENGINE OIL REQUIREMENTS
For military engine applications worldwide, an engine oil meeting the latest military specication SAE J 2357 (MIL-PRF-2104G) is required. While other branches of the military may have similar engine oil specications, only oils meeting this specication should be used in DDC engines.
3.10
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Listed in Table 3-2 are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricant meeting Detroit Diesel requirements in normal applications. Exceptions to these requirements were noted in previous sections. This table is for information purposes only. It should neither be construed as being a specication, nor used alone in selection of an engine lubricant.
3-4
Engine Type 30 CF-2
2-Stroke Cycle 40 CF-2 50 CF-2
4-Stroke Cycle 15W-40 CF-4/CG-4 CH-4/CI-4 PGOS 95 115 12.5 16.3 3.7 Min. 130 -23 215 2.0 Max. Above 8 Above 1,000 10W-30 CH-4/CI-4
Viscosity Grade API Service
Viscosity, Kinematic, cSt: 40 C Viscosity, Kinematic, cSt: 100 C HT/HS, cP 150 C Viscosity Index Pour Point C, Max. Flash Point C, Min. Sulfated Ash, % Mass Total Base Number Zinc, ppm
100 120 9.3 12.5 95 -18 220
130 150 12.5 16.3 95 -15 225 1.0 Max. 7.0 10.0 Above 700
200 230 16.3 21.9 95 -10 230
75 85 9.3 12.5 3.7 Min. HD 3.5 Min. LD 130 -30 205 2.0 Max. Above 8 Above 1,000
Table 3-2
Typical Properties of a DDC-Recommended Engine Oil
3.11
THE USE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ADDITIVES
Lubricants meeting the Detroit Diesel specications outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatment. The use of supplemental additives, such as break-in oils, top oils, graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fully formulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil's formulation, causing a deterioration in performance. These supplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used. Their use will not void your Detroit Diesel Corporation product warranty; however, engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not covered. The use of such additives is at the customer's risk. Detroit Diesel will not provide statements relative to their use beyond this publication.
3.12
BRAND NAME APPROVED LUBRICANTS
Detroit Diesel maintains a list of brand name approved products as outlined per PGOS 93K214. Oils meeting this specication would provide premium performance beyond the API CI-4 Plus specication. All lubricants which meet the qualications listed will provide satisfactory performance when used in conjunction with the oil drain and lter requirements. To ensure the selected lubricant meets these qualications, the customer should verify the candidate's oil with DDC by accessing the DDC website at www.detroitdiesel.com (also refer to appendix A).
3-5
3.13
PURCHASING BULK ENGINE OIL
To assure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities, procurement specications should include a requirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils. This voluntary practice contains guidelines for quality control tracking within the supplier's process. In addition, customers are advised to obtain a control sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments.
3.14
WASTE OIL DISPOSAL AND REREFINED OILS
To avoid injury from contact with the contaminants in used engine oil, wear protective gloves and apron. Detroit Diesel favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerened oils in all engine product lines, provided the rerened oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specications previously mentioned. Several processes are used to rerene oil. The only true rerening process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil, subjecting it to the same renery processes normally used for geological crude, such as dehydration, vacuum distillation and hydrogenation. Waste oil provides a more consistent feedstock, compared to the geological crudes that a renery typically processes. As a result, the nished oil should also be consistent in properties and quality.
3.15
CLOSED BREATHER APPLICATIONS
In some applications, such as marine and power generation, engine crankcase vapors are routed into the air intake system. Some multigrade engine oil formulations have a tendency to generate vapors that condense on turbocharger and intercooler components, adversely affecting the operation of the engine. The volume and composition of these vapors are dependent on the oil formulation. Monograde oils tend not to make these deposits. A laboratory test, MTV 5040, has been found effective in predicting vaporization tendencies. The test was developed by MTU Motoren- und Turbinen- Union Friedrichshafen GmbH and has a passing limit of 110 mg. This performance test is not included as part of the PGOS 93K214 specication.
3-6
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS
During use, engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine. In addition, certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use. For these reasons, regardless of the oil formulation, regular oil drain intervals are required. The oil drain intervals listed in Table 4-1 (normal operation with low sulfur fuel) and the oil change intervals Listed in Table 4-3 (normal operation with high sulfur fuel) should be considered maximum and should not be exceeded. If the fuel used does not meet all the properties listed in Table 5-1, Diesel Fuel Specications, the oil drain intervals shown in Table 4-3 apply. Always install new engine oil lters when the oil is changed. NOTE: On Non-EGR engines, oil drain intervals may be increased 50% with the use of oil meeting Global DHD-1. Increased lter capacity may be required. Refer to Section 4.4, Extending Oil Drain Intervals, for additional information.
4-1
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS
Service Application
Engine Series 40 50, 55, 60, 71, 92
Oil Drain Interval 12,000 Miles (19,200 km) 15,000 Miles (24,000 km)
Highway Truck & Motor Coach
MBE 904 & 924 MBE 906 & 926 MBE 4000
20,000 Miles (32,000 km)
25,000 Miles (40,000 km) 9,000 Miles (14,400 km) 12,000 Miles (19,200 km) 6,000 Miles (9,600 km), 3,000 Miles (4,800 km) 6,000 Miles (9,600 km), 300 hours or 1 Year* 6,000 Miles (9,600 km) 12,000 Miles (19,200 km) 6,000 Miles (9,600 km) 15,000 Miles (24,000 km) 6,000 Miles (9,600 km)
Highway Truck
638 40
City Transit Coach
50 , 55, 60, 71, 92 Series 50 Model 6047MK1E
Fire Fighting/Crash Rescue Vehicles
50, 60 MBE 900 40, 40E, 50, 53, 71
Pick-Up & Delivery
638 MBE 904 & 924 MBE 906 & 926
Stop & Go, Short Trip
50 MBE 900 40, 40E 50, 60
6,000 Miles (9,600 km) 450 Hours or 1 Year* 250 Hours or 1 Year* 250 Hours or 1 Year*, 300 Hours or 1 Year* 150 Hours or 1 Year* 250 Hours or 1 Year* 300 Hours or 1 Year* 150 Hours or 1 Year* 450 Hours or 1 Year* 150 Hours or 1 Year* 300 Hours or 3 Months* 300 Hours or 3 Months*
Constructional / Industrial, Agricultural and Continuous Marine
SUN / D700 149 53, 71, 92 60, MD700
Marine, Pleasure Craft and Commercial Stationary Electrical Generator Units, Standby Stationary Electrical Generator Units, Prime or Continuous
149 53, 71, 92 40 50, 53, 60, 92, 149 40 50, 53, 60, 71, 92, 149
* Whichever comes rst All Series 50 engines, except model 6047MK1E. Change oil lters every 250 hours maximum, and service the centrifugal lter based on the lter cake thickness. See the Operator's Guide for further details. Severe duty engines, up to 6,000 annual mileage
Table 4-1
Maximum Allowable Oil Drain Intervals (Normal Operation with Low Sulfur Fuel)
4-2
4.1
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS SERIES 50 AND SERIES 60 ON-HIGHWAY ENGINES
Beginning in October 2002, more stringent exhaust emission requirements were implemented for on-highway engines. To meet these requirements, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology was used in addition to the existing retarded fuel injection timing. The DDC PGOS approved engine oils have been formulated to address these issues. It is anticipated that these new oils provide the capability of maintaining the oil drain intervals listed in Table 4-1 and in Table 4-4. The used oil limits for extended oil drain are Listed in Table 4-2. Adjusted oil drain intervals will depend on the engine's rate of soot generation and the engine oil's capability to protect the engine. In some cases, it will be necessary to shorten oil drain intervals from the baseline oil drains, while in others it may be possible to operate at the maximum oil drain intervals listed in Table 4-1. Soot accumulations in the engine oil exceeding the capability of the oil formulation can result in increased wear and reduced engine durability. DDC recommends used oil analysis to determine the proper oil drain interval for these engines and oils. The oil analysis properties and limits should be considered when establishing oil drain intervals for these engines.
Used Oil Property
Soot % Kinematic Viscosity, 100 C Iron, ppm
Test Method
TGA (E1131), FTIR* D445 D5185
Limit
4.5 max. 25 CSt max 200
* Infrared Spectroscopy may be used, provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to TGA. DDC must approve the equivalency
Table 4-2
Used Oil Drain Limits for Series 50 and Series 60 On-Highway Engines
4-3
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS
4.2
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS FOR MBE900 ON-HIGHWAY ENGINES
To determine oil drain intervals for on-highway MBE904, 924, 906, and 926 engines as an alternative to the oil drain intervals in table 41, see Figure 4-1. NOTE: The oil drain intervals are based on engine hours and fuel consumption.
Figure 4-1
Oil Drain Interval in Hours for MBE On-highway
4.3
THE USE OF HIGH SULFUR FUELS
High fuel sulfur forms acids during combustion, particularly during idling and low temperature operation. The best defense against the effects of acid formation is to shorten oil drain intervals. The proper drain interval may be determined by oil analysis or by using the drain intervals listed in Table 4-3. A reduction in TBN to one-third of the initial value provides a general drain interval guideline. Marine fuels identied as meeting ASTM D 2609, Specication for Marine Fuels, should not be used in Detroit Diesel engines due to the high sulfur contents and boiling ranges permitted. Should it be determined that the oil drain interval is unacceptably short, the selection of a lubricant with a TBN above 10 may be appropriate. Use the intervals listed in Table 4-3 until the best practical oil drain interval can be established by oil analysis. Used oil TBN may be determined with DDC POWER Trac oil analysis kit P/N 23520989.
4-4
Service Application Highway Truck & Motorcoach Highway Truck City Transit Coaches Fire Fighting / Crash Rescue Vehicles Pick-Up & Delivery
Engine Series 40, 40E, 50, 55, 60, 71, 92 638 40, 40E, 50, 55, 60, 71, 92 50, 60 40, 40E, 50, 55, 60, 71, 92 638 40
Oil Drain Interval New Oil TBN Above 10 10,000 Miles (16,000 km) 6,000 Miles (9,600 km) 4,000 Miles (6,400 km) or 3 Months Maximum* 200 Hours, 4,000 Miles (6,400 km) or 6 Months* 6,000 Miles (9,600 km) 4,000 Miles (6,400 km) 200 Hours or 6 Months* 100 Hours or 6 Months* 300 Hours or 1 Year* 150 Hours or 1 Year* 150 Hours or 1 Year* 300 Hours or 1 Year* 150 Hours or 1 Year* 150 Hours or 6 Months* 250 Hours or 4 Months* 150 Hours or 3 Months*
Construction / Industrial, Agricultural and Continuous Marine
50, 60, SUN, D700 149 53, 71, 92 60, MD700
Marine, Pleasure Craft and Commercial
149 53, 71, 92
Stationary Electrical Generator Units, Standby Stationary Electrical Generator Units, Prime or Continuous * Whichever comes rst.
40, 40E, 50, 60, 71, 92 40 50, 60, 71, 92, 149
Table 4-3
Maximum Allowable Oil Drain Intervals When Using a Fuel Not Meeting DDC Recommendations
NOTE: These oil drain intervals are to be used for all engines and applications where the fuel used does not meet the recommended properties listed in Table 5-1, Diesel Fuel Specications.
4.4
EXTENDING OIL DRAIN INTERVALS
Changing engine oil and lters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and lter and replenishes expendable oil performance additives. The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increased levels of contaminants such as soot, dirt, wear metals, fuel residues and water. Extending oil lter change intervals requires that lters have sufcient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufcient rate to protect the engine. The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear and oxidation, dispersency and detergency, and lterability.
4-5
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings in materials (oil and lters), maintenance-related downtime, and waste disposal, there can be a signicant reduction of engine life to overhaul. Currently marketed engine oils and lters are not designed to operate at extended service intervals. These products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actual engine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals.
4.4.1
ENGINES WITHOUT EGR
Oil drain intervals may be 22,500 miles with the use of oil meeting Global DHD-1. Increased lter capacity may be required. Refer to Section 4.4, Extending Oil Drain Intervals, for additional information.
4.4.2
ENGINES WITH EGR
The oil drain intervals for engines with EGR may be 22,500 miles if an oil is used from PGOS approved products. The used oil limits listed in Table 4-2 must be maintained. If oil and lter change intervals of 22,500 miles are used, the following criteria will help to minimize the detriment to performance and engine life. DDC recommends that oil and lter change intervals not be extended at anytime beyond the used oil analysis limits listed in Table 4-4, Single Sample Used Oil Analysis Warning Limits. The following criteria also apply: 1. A rigorous maintenance program which includes used oil sampling, close adherence to maintenance schedules, and consistent make-up oil additions. DDC POWER Trac used oil analysis kit with TBN, P/N 23520989, or equivalent is recommended in determining the proper oil drain interval. 2. Duty cycle severity no greater than dened as 60% maximum load factor, based on fuel consumption and a 40% maximum operating time at idling conditions. 3. The oil and lters should have eld test demonstrated performance. Depending on the engine and application, the eld test should be conducted at drain intervals at least 30% higher than the intended target for a duration of 500,000 miles or 5,000 hours. 4. The oil and lter suppliers should have a written policy regarding extended service intervals beyond manufacturer recommendations. This policy should clearly state the requirements to be met by the customer and warranty support for early engine wearout resulting from the use of their product in extended service.
4-6
The decision to extend oil and lter change intervals beyond those recommended rests with the customers, the oil and oil lter suppliers. Extending oil drain intervals will not void the DDC product warranty. In the event of engine failure or premature wearout when running extended oil and lter change intervals, a determination will be made as to the extent, if any, that DDC workmanship and materials were responsible. If DDC determines that the failure or early wearout is related to workmanship or materials, warranty coverage of the repairs will apply. If the engine fails or wears out within the DDC engine warranty period and this is determined to be a result of extending oil drain intervals, any claim for reimbursement of expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied.
4.5
USED LUBRICATING OIL ANALYSIS
Detroit Diesel's POWER Trac used oil analysis program is recommended for all engines. Oil analysis consists of laboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine and/or the lubricant. The Warning Limits are listed in Table 4-4, Single Sample Used Oil Analysis Warning Limits. Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be used to extend oil drain intervals. Oil should be changed immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed in Table 4-4.
4-7
OIL DRAIN INTERVALS
Characteristics
ASTM or Other Methods
Conditions Measured
Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Series 53, 71, 149 92 12.5 SAE 40 16.3 SAE 40 0.8 16.0 SAE 50 22.0 SAE 50 0.8
Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Series 40, 50, 60 12.5 SAE 15W-40 16.3 (25.0*) SAE 15W-40 1.5 (4.5)* 1.0 (N/A)* 55 12.5 SAE 15W-40 16.3 (25.0*) SAE 15W-40 1.5 MBE 900 MBE 4000
Viscosity Kv100 C, cSt., Min. Kv100 C, cSt., Max.
D 445 DIN 51562
Engine & Oil
12.5
12.5
TGA (E1131) or FTIR D 893 DIN 51565 D 4739
25.0*
20.0*
Soot, % Max. Pentane Insolubles, Max. Total Base Number, Min. Total Base Number, Min. Glycol, Max. Water, Max. Fuel Dilution, Max. Flash Point COC C, Min. Iron, Max. Copper, Max. Lead, Max.
*
Engine Combustion Engine Combustion
5.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1/3 New Oil Oil
50%
50%
D 2896 ISO 3771 D 2982 DIN 51375 D 1744 D 3524 D 92 ISO 2592 D 5185 D 5185 D 5185 Engine Engine Engine Engine & Oil Engine Wear Engine Wear Engine Wear 150 (250) 25 10
1/3 New Oil
50%
50%
Negative 0.3% 2.5% Not Specied 35 25 10 200 30 30 200 20 40
0.08 0.3% 7%
0.07 0.3% 7%
200 20 20
200 20 20
With API CH-4 / CI-4 Oil (CI-4 Plus is on the list of approved oils), PGOS, 93K214 approved list Infrared spectroscopy may also be used, provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to TGA. These are general limits. Wear metal limits must be determined for specic application and oil used. Marine engines only NOTE: These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed in Table 4-1. Actual limits are dependent on engine, application, drain interval and oil type. Refer to DDC Publication 7SE398 for determining warning limits specic to your application.
Table 4-4
Single Sample Used Oil Analysis Warning Limits
4-8
DIESEL FUEL
The quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance, long engine life and acceptable exhaust emission levels. This publication applies to Series 60, 50, 55, 40, 40E, 638, D700, MBE900, MBE4000 and two-cycle engines
5.1
QUALITY AND SELECTION
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life, diesel fuels meeting the property requirements in Table 5-1, or the properties of EMA FQP-1a or 1b are recommended for use. NOTE: Fuels with sulfur content above 0.05 mass percent (500 ppm) are not recommended for DDC EGR, MBE 900, and MBE 4000 engines. If engines are operated with fuels not meeting the 500 ppm sulfur content limit, the drain intervals must be shortened. Drain intervals may be determined by oil analysis or by using the drain intervals in Table 4-3.
5-1
DIESEL FUEL
Property API Gravity, at 60 F Minimum Maximum Specic Gravity, g/ml @ 60 F Minimum Maximum Flash Point, C Minimum Viscosity, Kinematic cSt @ 40 Minimum Maximum Sulfur, wt.% (ppm) Maximum Cloud Point Filter Plugging Point Cetane No., Minimum Cetane Index, Minimum Distillation % Vol. Recovery, F (C) IBP, Typical 10 %, Typical 50%, Typical 90%, Maximum 95%, Maximum Recovered Volume, % Minimum Water, % Maximum (Note 4) Sediment > 1m, mg/L Maximum Total Contamination, mg/kg Maximum Ash, % mass Maximum Carbon Residue, on 10%, % mass Copper Corrosion, Maximum Accelerated Storage Stability mg/L, Maximum DuPont Pad Test, Reectance at 150 C, Minimum (High Temperature Stability) Heat Content, Net, BTU/gal Lubricity Wear Scar, m, Maximum
Test Method ASTM D 287 ISO
On-Highway No. 1 40 44 0.806 0.825 38 No. 2 34 38 0.835 0.855 52
Off-Highway
33 43 0.810 0.860 Note 1
D 1298 D 93 D 445 D 2622 D 2500 D 4359 D 613 D 4737
3675 2719 3104 EN 24260 309 5165 4264
1.3 2.4 0.05 (500) 43 40
1.9 4.1 0.05 (500) Note 2 Note 3 43 40
1.3 4.5 0.4 (4000) 43 40
350 (177) 385 (196) D 86 3405 425 (218) 500 (260) 550 (288) 98 D 2709 D 2276 or D 5452 EN 12662 D 482 D 524 D 130 D 2274 6245 10370 2160 0.02 10 24 0.01 0.15 No. 3a 15
375 (191) 430 (221) 510 (266) 625 (329) 671 (355) 98 0.02 10 24 0.01 0.35 No. 3a 15
320 (160) 392 (200) 437 (225) 527 (275) 626 (330) 680 (360) 98 0.02 10 24 0.01 0.3 No. 3a 15
D 6468
70 125,000 127,300 520
70 128,500 130,900 520
70 126,600 131,500 520
D 4868
D 6079
Table 5-1
Diesel Fuel Specications
5-2
Notes to Table 51 1. The ash point temperature is a safety-related property which must be established according to applicable local requirements. 2. The cloud point should be 10 F (12 C) below the lowest ambient temperature to prevent clogging of fuel lters by wax crystals. 3. The lter plugging point temperature should be equal to or below the lowest expected fuel temperature. 4. No free water visible. NOTE: When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 32 F(0 C) are encountered, the use of 1-D fuel is recommended. Note, however, that transit coach engines are emission certied on either No. 1 or No. 2 fuel. To maintain emission compliance, only the correct certied fuel should be used.
5.1.1
FUEL LUBRICITY
It is recommended that all fuels used in DDC engines meet the minimum lubricity requirements listed in Table 5-1, Diesel Fuel Specications. Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may be additized to meet them.
5.1.2
PREMIUM DIESEL FUEL
Premium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specication. It is recommended that the customer obtain additional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in Table 5-1 before using.
5.1.3
HEAVY FUELS NOT RECOMMENDED
Heavy fuels intended for use in slow speed diesel engines and as burner fuel are not recommended for use in any Detroit Diesel engine. Marine fuels specied by ASTM D2609 are examples of such fuels. These fuels are known to cause combustion deposits and will likely reduce engine durability.
5.1.4
BIODIESEL FUELS
Biodiesel fuels are alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable resources. Detroit Diesel Corporation highly recommends biodiesel fuels made from soybean or rapeseed oil through the proper transesterication reaction process. Other feedstock source of biodiesel fuels such as animal fat and used cooking oils are not recommended by DDC. Biodiesel fuels meeting ASTM D 6751 specication, prior to blending can be mixed up to 5% maximum by volume in petroleum diesel fuel. The resulting mixture must meet the fuel properties listed in Table 5-1 and ASTM D 975 specication. Failures attributed to the use of biodiesel fuel will not be covered by Detroit Diesel product warranty. Also, any engine performance problem related to the use of biodiesel fuel would not be recognized nor considered DDC's responsibility
5-3
DIESEL FUEL
5.1.5
OTHER FUELS
Fuels listed in Table 5-2 and Table 5-3 have provided economic and availability advantages for some applications, particularly where No. 1 type fuels are required. These do not meet requirements listed in Table 5-1. Although not recommended, they have demonstrated acceptable performance in controlled applications.
Property API Gravity, @ 60 F Flash Point, C Viscosity, Kin., cSt @ 40 C Cloud Point C Sulfur, % mass Cetane Number Distillation % Vol. Rec., C IBP 10% Typical 50% Typical 90% Max. Final Boiling Point, Max. Temp. Heat Content, Btu/gal., Net 205 Report Report 300 180 191 215 242 157 175 200 236 174 196 219 246 190 222 265 313 176 219 365 311 Jet A/A-1 D 1655 44.3 38 -40 0.3 Max. JP-5 41.1 62 1.5 -46 0.4 Max. 42 JP-8 45.6 45 1.2 -47 0.4 Max. 45 CONUS DF-1 42.3 50 1.6 -41 0.05 Max. 44 CONUS DF-2 34.2 74 2.8 -12 0.05 Max. 47 OCONUS DF-2 38.5 70 3.0 -19 0.3 Max. 49
123, 608
125, 270
123, 069
125, 960
131, 207
127, 820
Table 5-2
Selected Typical Fuel Properties
NOTE: JP + 100 is not recommended in equipment with water-coalescing lters when JP-8 is used.
5-4
Type JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 Jet A Jet A-1 DL-1/DL-2 DA-2
NATO Spec. F-40 F-44 F-34 None F-35 F-54 F-54
Mil. Spec Mil-T-5624 Mil-T-5624 Mil-T-83133 None None W-F 800 CONUS W-F 800 OCONUS
Application Jet Fuel, Contains 50% Gasoline: Not Recommended Jet Fuel, Kerosene Based Jet A-1 with De-Icer and Corrosion Inhibitor Industry Standard Jet Fuel Jet Fuel, ASTM D 1655 Specied Military Use Inside Continental U.S. Specied Military Use Outside Continental U.S.
Table 5-3
Fuel Type Specications and Applications
Lower density fuels, such as those listed in Table 5-2 and Table 5-3 and winter blended diesel fuels, have a lower volumetric heat content than the standard No. 2 fuel listed in Table 5-1, Diesel Fuel Specications. Operating with these fuels will result in reduced engine output and reduced fuel mileage, compared to standard No. 2 fuel. Reductions of 5% are not unusual and may be as high as 10%. A good rule of thumb is this: The engine power is proportional to the heating value of the fuel. Lower density fuels also tend to have lower viscosity and poor lubrication characteristics. Fuel ltration should be changed to that recommended for Severe Duty Service to prevent potential injector seizure from dirt contamination of fuel.
5.2
DIESEL FUEL PROPERTIES
The boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property in consideration of diesel fuel quality. Lower boiling range fuels, such as No.1, have a higher volatility, while fuels such as No. 2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range. Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolonged idling, such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures. The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM Test Method D 86 or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography Test Method). Although many specications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90% Recovered, for example), this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel engines. Diesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion. Only fuels with a minimum 98% recovery by distillation should be used. The full boiling range as shown in previous tables should be used for proper selection.
5-5
DIESEL FUEL
5.2.1
95% BOILING POINT
Fuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized. The temperature at which the fuel is completely vaporized is described as the End Point Temperature in ASTM D 86Distillation Test Method. Since this temperature is difcult to measure with good repeatability, the fuel's 90% or 95% distillation point is often used. DDC species the 95% temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90% used by ASTM in D 975.
5.2.2
CETANE NUMBER
Cetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion. In a cold engine, a low cetane number will cause difcult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up. In engines with charge air cooling, a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation. A minimum cetane number of 45 is specied for best engine performance. However, the cetane number alone should not be considered when selecting a quality fuel. Other properties, such as 95% distillation temperature and carbon residue, should also be considered. Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number. Cetane Index is an empirical property determined mathematically from boiling range temperatures and specic gravity of the fuel, whereas Cetane Number is determined through an engine test. Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number; however, they have no effect on cetane index. Both properties should be evaluated when selecting diesel fuel.
5.2.3
FUEL STABILITY
Diesel fuel oxidizes in the presence of air, heat and water. The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirable gums and black sediment. Such undesirable products can cause lter plugging, combustion chamber deposit formation, and gumming or lacquering of injection system components, with resultant reduced engine performance and fuel economy. Two tests are specied for fuel stability, ASTM Test Method D 2274 which measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability and the DuPont Pad Test which measures high temperature stability. The DuPont Pad test should be conducted at 302 F (150 C). The results of the DuPont Pad Test are based on a visual rating of the lter pad by the amount of light reected from the lter pad. A 100% rating is a clean pad, while a 50% rating is very dirty. ASTM D 2274 is a weighed measure of the sediment ltered from the fuel after storage. Although the results of D 2274 may vary with actual eld storage, it does measure characteristics that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months.
5.2.4
FUEL SULFUR CONTENT
Fuels with sulfur content above 0.05 mass percent (500 ppm) are not recommended for DDC EGR engines. If engines are operated with fuels not meeting the 500 ppm sulfur content limit, the drain intervals must be shortened. Drain intervals may be determined by oil analysis or by using the drain intervals in Table 4-3.
5-6
5.2.5
FUEL OPERATING TEMPERATURE AND VISCOSITY
Since diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system, the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engine operating temperature. As fuel temperature increases, fuel viscosity decreases, along with the lubrication capabilities of the fuel. Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in Table 5-1, Diesel Fuel Specications, will assure proper injection system functioning. When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures, the injectors will operate at reduced internal clearances. As a result, dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns. Filters on Detroit Diesel two stroke-cycle engines should be changed to those specied for Severe Duty Service. Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fuel tanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern.
5.3
FUEL ADDITIVES
Detroit Diesel engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels. The regular use of supplemental fuel additives is not required or recommended. Some additives may be benecial in addressing temporary fuel quality problems, but should not replace proper fuel selection and handling.
5.3.1
WATER CONTAMINATION
Some fuel additives provide temporary benet when fuel is contaminated with water. They are not intended to replace good fuel handling practices. Where water contamination is a concern, the fuel system should be equipped with a fuel/water separator that should be serviced regularly. In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem, a fungicide such as Biobor JF (or equivalent) may be used. Microbial activity may be conrmed with commercially available test kits. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for treatment. Avoid the use of fungicides containing chlorine, bromine or uorine compounds, since these may cause fuel system corrosion. When small amounts of water are present, supplemental additives containing methyl carbitol or butyl cellusolve are effective. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for their use. The use of isopropyl alcohol is no longer recommended due to its negative effect on fuel lubricity.
5.3.2
FUEL ADDITIVES THAT ARE NOT ALLOWED
The following fuel additives are NOT allowed: Used Lubricating Oil Detroit Diesel specically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel. Used lubricating oil contains combustion acids and particulate materials, which erode injector components, resulting in loss of power and increased exhaust emissions. In addition, the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due to lter plugging and combustion deposits. Refer to Section 3.14, Waste Oil Disposal and Rerened Oils, for recommendations on proper used oil disposal.
5-7
DIESEL FUEL
To avoid injury from contact with the contaminants in used engine oil, wear protective gloves and apron. Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious re hazard. The presence of gasoline in diesel fuel will reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures. Tanks that contain such mixtures should be drained and cleaned as soon as possible. Detroit Diesel Corporation will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use of used lubricating oil or gasoline in the diesel fuel.
5.3.3
EVALUATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL FUEL ADDITIVES
Many supplements available today are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer. These include a variety of independently marketed products which claim to be: Cetane Improvers Emission Control Additives Detergents Combustion Improvers Smoke Suppressants Cold Weather Flow Improvers
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required, the following is intended to provide guidance to the customer in evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects. A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) should be carefully reviewed for special handling instructions and hazardous material content. Additives containing hazardous materials should not be used due to personal safety risk. A detailed compositional analysis should be provided by the supplier. Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not be present. Additives containing calcium, barium, zinc, phosphorous, sodium, magnesium, iron, copper and manganese are known to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affect cylinder life. Halogenated compounds containing chloride, uoride and bromide are corrosive, as are some sulfur containing compounds. The use of additives with these components should be avoided. Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives, particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuel. Any supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in. A mixture containing twice the recommended concentration of additive should be evaluated for compatibility to represent an overdosage condition, using the tests listed in Table 5-1, Diesel Fuel Specications.
5-8
Performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive should be conducted in customer equipment for a minimum of six months. Testing should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims. Testimonials are not substantial claims of performance.
Supplemental fuel additives are not recommended due to potential injector system or engine damage. Our experience has been that such additives increase operating costs without providing benet. The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty. However, repair expenses which result from fuel system or engine component malfunctions or damage attributed to their use will not be covered. These products should be accompanied with performance data supporting their merit. Detroit Diesel Corporation will not test or verify the performance of any supplemental additives and will not accept responsibility for use, selection or hazards relating to the use of such products.
5.4
DIESEL FUEL STORAGE
Fuel oil should be clean and free of contamination. Storage tanks and stored fuel should be inspected regularly for dirt, water and sludge. Tanks should be drained and cleaned, if contaminated. Diesel fuel tanks can be made of monel, stainless steel, black iron, welded steel or reinforced (non-reactive) plastic. NOTICE: Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or ttings in any diesel fuel storage, delivery, or fuel system. The fuel oil will react chemically with the zinc coating, forming a compound which can clog lters and cause engine damage.
5-9
DIESEL FUEL
5-10
FILTRATION
Filters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems. Proper lter selection and maintenance are important to satisfactory engine operation and service life. Filters, however, should be used to maintain a clean system, not to clean up a contaminated system.
6.1
FUEL AND LUBRICATING OIL FILTERS
Filter performance and test specications vary between manufacturers. These specications are general in nature and do not reect the actual performance of genuine DDC POWER GUARD lters. The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratings between lter makes. Some lter makers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure was not used. It is also important to note that capacity and efciency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which to judge lter performance. Many other important factors, including media strength, resistance to impulse failures and burst strength, often differ greatly between lter makes and should enter into the lter selection process. Regular and optional service spin-on fuel lters for most DDC engines are listed in Table 6-1. Fuel Pro lters are listed in Table 6-2, and Sea Pro marine engine fuel lters are listed in Table 6-3. Cartridge-type fuel lters are listed in Table 6-4. Spin-on lubricating oil lters are listed in Table 6-5. POWER Trac oil analysis kits are listed in Table 6-6. Finer ltration will generally provide increased engine service life, but may require shorter lter change intervals. Detroit Diesel species lter performance based on the optimum combination of lter micron rating, lter capacity and mechanical requirements (assembly integrity).
6.2
BOSCH FUEL FILTRATION SYSTEMS
The minimum requirements from the Bosch Application Guideline Y-414E2022 (December 23, 1999) for the Bosch unit injector and unit pump systems are illustrated in Figure 6-1. The initial retention efciency must be minimum 8590% for particles 35 micron. For applications in regions or applications where high particle contaminated fuels may be expected such as mining and fueling from drums, efciency has to be adopted to meet the recommended >95% for particles 35 micron. See Figure 6-1.
6-1
FILTRATION
Figure 6-1
Bosch Unit Injector and Unit Pump Requirements
6.3
AFTERMARKET FILTRATION SYSTEMS
Aftermarket supplemental ltration systems may be used, provided they do not replace the factory-installed system or reduce fuel volumes, pressures or ow rates delivered to the engine. The use of such systems does not address oil degradation from normal use and, therefore, does not permit extension of oil drain intervals. Fuel lters must be properly sized to provide the proper fuel ow to the engine. A fuel/water separator, if used, must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the engine fuel pump (>93% water separation at max ow per ISO-4020).
6.4
DETROIT DIESEL MAINTENANCE PRODUCTS
The fuel and lubricating oil lter applications for Detroit Diesel engines are listed in Table 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, and 6-6
6-2
Primary Fuel Filter Engine 3-53 4-53 6V-53 3-71 4-71 6-71 6V-71 8V-71 12V-71 16V-71 6V-92 8V-92 12V-92 16V-92 8V-149 12V-149 16V-149 DDC 500 Series 40 Series 40 Series 50 Series 55 Series 60 Series 60 EGR* Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 POWER GUARD 23530641 23530641 23530706 23530641 23530641 23530706 23530706 23530706 23530642 23530642 23530706 23530706 23530642 23530642 23530642 23530642 23530642 23530706 23530706 23530706 Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Secondary Fuel Filter POWER GUARD 23530640 23530640 23530707 23530640 23530640 23530707 23530707 23530707 23530643 23530643 23530707 23530707 23530643 23530643 23530643 23530640 1 820 479 C1 (6 In.) 23531904 23530707 23530707 23530707 23533726 POWER GUARD Plus 23530645 23530645 23530645 23530645 23530644 23530644 23530645 23530645 23530644 23530644 23530644 23530644 23530644
* For post Series 60 2004 Engines NOTE: A fuel/water separator assembly may be used in place of the primary lter assembly, but not together with it. For Series 50 and Series 60 engines the fuel/water separator lter number is 23512317.
Table 6-1
Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements

Filter Description Fuel Pro 230 Fuel Pro 232 Fuel Pro 380/382 Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filter Part Number 23521527 23528565 23529168 23530646 23533816*
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine) * Meets Bosch 35 micron ltration system.
Table 6-2
Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
6-3
FILTRATION
Filter Description Sea Pro 50 / 100 Sea Pro 152 / 511 600 Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit (Does not apply to Fuel Pro lters.)
Micron Rating 30 15 20
Part Number 23532245 23521528 23530641 23518182
NOTE: The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the GPH (gallon per hour) ow capacity of the lter.
Table 6-3
Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements

Primary Filter Element Part Number P550522 P550522 P550552 P550522 P550522 P550552 P550552 P550552 P550541 P550541 P550552 P550552 P550541 P550541 N/A P550532 P550532 N/A N/A N/A Secondary Filter Element Part Number P553261 P553261 P550540 P553261 P553261 P550540 P550540 P550540 P551624 P551624 P550540 P550540 P551624 P551624 N/A P551624 P551624 0000901551 0000901551 5410900151
Engine Series 3-53 4-53 6V-53 3-71 4-71 6-71 6V-71 8V-71 12V-71 16V-71 6V-92 8V92 12V-92 16V-92 8V-149 12V-149 16V-149 MBE904 MBE906 MBE4000
Table 6-4
Cartridge Type Fuel Filter Elements
6-4
Spin-On Lubricating Oil Filters 3-53 4-53, 6V-53 3-71, 4-71, 6-71 6V-71, 8V-71, 12V-71, 16V-71 6V-92, 8V-92 12V-92, 16V-92 8V-149 12V-149, 16V-149 20V-149 DDC 500 Series 40 Series 50 Series 55 Series 60 Series 60 (Pre-1993) Series 60 Series 60 MBE 904 MBE 906 MBE 4000
Qty. 1 1 1 1 1 2 or 4 3 4 or 6 6 2 1 2 1 2
POWER GUARD Part No. 23530409 23530407 23530407 23530407 23530407 23530407 23530412 23529744 23530573 5241800310 23530573
POWER GUARD Plus Part No. 23530408 23530408 23530408 23530408 23530408 23530408 23530408 23530408 DELF3998
2 1 1
23530407 23530413 0001801609 0001801709 0001802109
23530409 N/A N/A N/A
Table 6-5
Spin-On Lubricating Oil Filters

Part No. 23515823 23517267 23520989 Description Standard Kit Includes Extraction Kit Includes Prepaid Test for TBN
Table 6-6
POWER TracOil Analysis Kits
6-5
FILTRATION
6-6
STATEMENT OF DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION WARRANTY
Detroit Diesel Corporation is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenance services or the failure to use fuel, oil, lubricants and coolants meeting DDC-recommended specications. Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel, oil, lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner. For full details see the Engine Operator's Guide for your engine. A requirement of Detroit Diesel Corporation's service contract (Power Protection Plan) is that the customer use the lubricants, fuels and lters described in this publication in conjunction with a used oil analysis program such as the Detroit Diesel POWER Trac oil analysis program.
7-1
STATEMENT OF DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION WARRANTY
7-2
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
Specications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the following sources: SAE Standards Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Publications 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 www.sae.org ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Section 5 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 www.astm.org EMA Lubricating Oils Databook Engine Manufacturer's Association Suite 2200 Two North LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60602 www.engine-manufacturers.com API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street Northwest Washington, D.C. 20005 Directory of Licensees: www.eolcs.api.org
8-1
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
8-2
APPENDIX A: APPROVED LUBRICANTS

The list of brand name approved lubricants maintained by DDC is listed in Table A-1. Access the DDC website at www.detroitdiesel.com then select Support; On-Highway; Manuals; Lubricants, Fuels, & Coolants; DDC Power Guard Oil Specication (PGOS) to view any updates or revisions to this list.
Company Name
Detroit Diesel Corporation 76 Lubricants Co 76 Lubricants Co. Amalie Oil Company Amalie Oil Company Amalie Oil Company American Agip Co., Inc American Rening Group, Inc American Rening Group, Inc. AMSOIL INC. BARDAHL Behnke Lubricants In Beijing Tongyi Petroleum Chemical Co., Ltd. Black Bear Company, Inc. Black Bear Company, Inc. BOSS LUBRICANTS CAM2 Oil Products Co. Castrol Ltd. Castrol Ltd. Castrol Ltd. Champion Brands, LLC Champion Brands, LLC
Product Name
DETROIT DIESEL POWER GUARD 76 Guardol QLT Motor Oil 76 Royal Triton QLT Motor Oil Amalie XLO Ultimate Rallye Extra Duty Xcel Extra Duty All-Guard Premium BradPenn H.D. Premium Plus Diesel Engine Oil Gulf Super Duty Plus Engine Oil PCO Super Diesel Oil Titan Motor Oil Ji Ya Wang SHD 15W-40 SHDX 15W-40 BOSS EXQ PLUS CAM2 Super HD Premium Plus Castrol Tection Extra Castrol Hypuron S Castrol Enduron S CHAMPION ALL FLEET T TBN 13.2 CHAMPION ALL FLEET T
Vis Grade
15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40
A-1
Company Name
ChevronTexaco Global Lubricants ChevronTexaco Global Lubricants ChevronTexaco Global Lubricants ChevronTexaco Global Lubricants ChevronTexaco Global Lubricants CHS Inc. CITGO Petroleum Corporation CITGO Petroleum Corporation Comercial Importadora, S.A. de C.V. COMERCIAL ROSHFRANS, S.A. DE C.V. Conoco, Inc. David Weber Oil Co. Deere & Company Detroit Diesel Corporation Exxon Branded Lubricants, ExxonMobil Corp. Exxon Branded Lubricants, ExxonMobil Corp. FEDERATED CO-OPERATIVES LIMITED FEDERATED CO-OPERATIVES LIMITED Finning Canada Fuchs Lubricants Co. GROWMARK, Inc. Gulf Oil International Hydrotex
Product Name
Chevron RPM Heavy Duty Motor Oil Caltex Delo 400 Multigrade Texaco Ursa Premium TDX Chevron Delo 400 Multigrade Texaco Ursa Super Plus Cenex Superlube TMS CITGO CITGARD 600 CITGO MYSTIK JT-8 15W-40 Q S Super Series III VOLTRO DIESEL+ API CI-4/SL Conoco Hydroclear Power-D Gibraltar Super S-3 Plus 50 DETROIT DIESEL POWER GUARD Exxon XD-3 Elite Exxon XD-3 Extra CO-OP D-MO (ADVANCED FORMULA) SONIC MASTER BLEND Surecraft Titan Unimax Plus Suprex Gold Gulf Supreme Duty LE 15W-40 HyFilm MAX
Vis Grade
15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40
A-2
Company Name
Imperial Oil Irving Oil Irving Oil Irving Oil Kendall Motor Oils Kendall Motor Oils KOST USA, Inc. LUBRICANTS USA LUBRICANTS USA Lubrication Engineers, Inc. Mack Trucks, Inc. Marathon Ashland Petroleum McCollister & Company McCollister & Company Mobil Branded Lubricants, ExxonMobil Corp. Mobil Branded Lubricants, ExxonMobil Corp Mobil Branded Lubricants, ExxonMobil Corp. Northland Products Company Petro-Canada Lubricants Petro-Canada Lubricants Phillips 66 Company Pinnacle Resources, Inc Raloy Lubricantes
Product Name
Esso XD-3 Extra Cobra Diesel 15W-40 IDO Premium 15W-40 Harnois Diesel 15W-40 Kendall SHP Diesel Engine Oil Kendall Super-D 3 KOSTGard II MTX 15W-40 FINA KAPPA DHD FINA UNIVERSAL PLUS XL Monolec EGR Plus Engine Oil Bulldog MultiPower-3 Plus United Super Premium Plus Archer Premium Arpeco Mobil Delvac 1300 Super Mobil Delvac 1300 Super Mobil Delvac 1 Superline 15W-40 Duron Duron XL Synthetic Blend Phillips Super HD 3000 Synthetic Blend Motor Oil SPECIAL HDMO 15W-40 PLUS Raloy Diesel Extra Performance SAE 15W-40
Vis Grade
15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 5W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40
A-3
Company Name
Royal Manufacturing Company, LP Safety-Kleen Corp. Safety-Kleen Corp. Shell International Shell International Shell International Texas Renery Corporation The Valvoline Company The Valvoline Company Ultramar Ltd.
Product Name
Diesel Supreme Premium Plus 03 Americas Choice PLD-3 15W-40 Performance Plus PLD-3 15W-40 Rimula Premium Long Life Rotella T ProSpec III Engine Oil All Fleet Plus Premium Blue Odyssey XLD
Vis Grade
15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40 15W-40
Table A-1
Brand Name Approved Lubricants
A-4

Detroitdiesel Lube Oil Fuel Requirements

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ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS

LUBRICATING OIL REQUIREMENTS

FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES

API Symbol: 4-Stroke Cycle Engine Oils

LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE STARTING

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

LUBRICATING OIL REQUIREMENTS

GLOBAL DHD-1 OILS FOR NON-EGR ENGINES

ONLY PGOS 93K12 APPROVED OILS ARE RECOMMENDED

ENGINES WITH COOLED EGR

HIGH SULFUR FUEL (ON-HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS)

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS

TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINES

DDC Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Oil Requirements

OIL TYPE SPECIFICATIONS

3 CF-2 505 0.8% Max. 7.0 Min.

400 600 Max. Not Specied7

Oil Type Specications

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

LUBRICATING OIL REQUIREMENTS

API Symbol: 2-Stroke Cycle Engine Oils

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS

Military Spec Oils

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

LUBRICATING OIL REQUIREMENTS

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

ENGINE REQUIREMENTS LUBRICATING OIL, FUEL AND FILTERS

LUBRICATING OIL SELECTION CRITERIA

SAE VISCOSITY GRADE SELECTION

SAE Viscosity Grade 0W 5W 10W 15W 20W 25W 20 30 40 50 60

All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. 10/05)

7SE270 0510 Copyright 2005 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION

LUBRICATING OIL SELECTION CRITERIA

Temperature Limits for Oil Viscosity Grades

HIGH TEMPERATURE/HIGH SHEAR VISCOSITY