MAR 2115 Differential Equations & Series - WorkSheet 1 Method of finding Laplace Transform 1.

1 Sketch the given functions and find their Laplace Transforms from first principles.
i.

ft  ft 

et 0 t 1

0t2 t2 0t1 t1

ii.

1.2 From first principles, find the Laplace transform F s  f t where i. f t  3t ii. f t  e 2t Check your answers by using the table of standard transforms. 1.3 Use the properties and table of standard Laplace transforms to find f t i. f t  1 2t  t 2 2 ii. f t  3 cos 2t 2e 3t iii. f t  2 sinh 3t t 4 iv. f t  cos 2 t v. f t  2 sin 3t   Hint :use the addition formula to expand f t . 3 Simplify your answers where appropriate. Answers 1. 1 i. 1. 2 i. 1. 3 i. iii. v. 1 e 2 s1 s1 3 s2 s2 2 2s 3 6 24 s5 s 9
2

if

ii. ii. ii. iv.

1 e s s2 1 s2 s 2  9s 8 s  3 s2  4 s2  2 s s2  4

3s3 s2  9

Further Properties of Laplace Transform 2.1 Use the First Shift Theorem to find f t i. f t  2te 3t ii. f t  e t sin 2t iii. f t  1 e 2t sinh 3t 3 iv. f t  1 t 4 e t 4 if

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 1

2.2 Use the theorem on differentiating the Laplace Transform to find f t i. f t  t cos 3t ii. f t  t sinh 3t iii. f t  te t sin t Answers 2. 1 i. iii. 2. 2 i. iii. 2 s3 2 1 s 2  4s 5 s2 9 s2  9 2 2 s1 s 2  2s  2
2

where

ii. iv. ii.

2 s 2  2s  5 6 s1 5 6s 2 s2 9

Method of finding Inverse Laplace Transform 3.1 Use the table of standard transforms to find the inverse Laplace transform of 1 i. s2  4 ii. 2 3 s2 s3 2 iii. s3 3s iv. 10 s 2  25 s3 v. 22 s 4

3.2 Use partial fractions and the table of standard transforms to find the inverse Laplace transform of s2 i. s 2  4s 2s 1 ii. s2 s3 iii. 2 3 s  5s  4 5 iv. s 2 s2  1

3.3 Use the First Shift Theorem to find 1 F s 4 i. F s  2 s 6s  13 5 ii. F s  s2 3 iii. F s  2 s 1 s 2s  5 iv. F s  2 2s  3 s  4s  3

where

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 1

Answers 3. 1 ii. iii. 2e 3t 2t 3 t 2 2 iv. 2 sin 5t 3 cos 5t v. 2 cosh 2t 3 sinh 2t 2 1 1  e 4t 3. 2 i. ii. e 2t  e 3t 2 iii. e t e 4t iv. e 2t cos t 2 sin t 5 t 2 e 2t 3. 3 i. 2e 3t sin 2t ii. 2 t iii. e cos 2t iv. e 2t 2 cosh t sinh t

Application of Laplace Transforms to Differential Equations 4.1 Obtain the Laplace transform of the following expressions in y t where yt Ys: dy i. 3 2y if y  1 at t  0 dt
ii.

y"  2y 3y if y 0  1 , y 0  2

4.2 Use the Laplace transform method to solve the following initial - value problems: i. 2y y  0 ; y 0  2
ii.

dx  4x  2 ; x 0  0 dt dy 2y  5 sin t ; y 0  0 dt [Hint: use the solution of Q2.4 (iv)]

iii.

4.3 Use the method of Laplace transforms to solve the following initial - value problems: i. x"  x  t ; x 0  0 , x 0  2
ii.

y" y  sin t ; y 0  0 , y 0  1

iii. x" 2x  2x  3e t ; x 0  2 , x 0  5 iv. y" 2y  y  4e t cos 2t ; y 0  y 0  1

4.4 Use the Laplace transform method to solve the system of equations dx x  y  0 dt dy x y  0 dt ; ; x0 1 y0 0

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 1

4.5 Use the method of Laplace transforms to solve the initial - value system dx  x 3y  0 dt dy  3x y  e t dt Answers 4. 1 i. 4. 2 i. 3s 2 Y 3 2e 1/2t ii. ii. s 2  2s 3 Y  s 1 1 e 4t 2 1 3 sinh t sin t 2 e t 2 cos 2t ; ; x0 0 y0 0

iii. e 2t cos t 2 sin t 4. 3 i. t  sin t x t  e cos t

ii. iv.

iii. e t 3  3 sin t cos t 4. 4 y t  e t sin t 4. 5 xt  1 3 yt  e t cos 8 t  1 sin 8 t 8

1 sin 8 t 8

Suggested solution: 4.3 i. x"  x  t ; x 0  0 , x 0  2 s2X s x 0 x 0  X  1 s2 1 2 s 1 X2  2 s 1 1 X  22  2 2 (Find partial fractions for 2 2 ) s 1 s s 1 s s 1 X  2  1 1 s2  1 s2 s2  1 1  1 s2  1 s2

x t  1 X  1 1  1 s2  1 s2  t  sin t  sin t

4.3 ii.

; y 0  0 , y 0  1 s2Y s y 0 y 0 Y  2 1 s 1 s2 1 Y  1  2 1 s 1 1 1 Y  2 s2 1 s  1 s2 1 y" y

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 1

1  1 1 1 4 s1 4 s1 s2 1 2 s2 1 1  1 1 1 y t  1 4 s1 4 s1 s2 1 2 s2  1  sinh t  1 e t e t 1 sin t 4 2  sinh t  1 sinh t 1 sin t (since sinh t  1 e t e t ) 2 2 2 3 1  sinh t sin t 2 2 
4.3 iii.

x " 2x  2x  3e t ; x 0  2 , x 0  5 x " 2x  2x  3 e t s 2 X s x 0 x 0 2 sX x 0  2X  3 s1 s 2 2s  2 X  3  1  2s s1 X   s1 3 s1
2

1

1 2s  2 s1 1 s1 21

3 3s 3 1 2s    s1 s1 21 s1 21 s1 21 s1 21 3 s1 3  s1 s1 21 s1 21

x t  3e t e t cos t  3e t sin t  e t 3 cos t  3 sin t

y" 2y  y  4e t cos 2t ; y 0  y 0  1 y" 2y  y  4 e t cos 2t 4 s1 s 2 Y s y 0 y 0 2 sY y 0  Y  s1 24 4 s1 s 2 2s  1 Y  s 1  s1 24 4 s1 s1  Y 2 s1 s1 2 s1 24 1  4  s1 s1 s1 24 1  1 s 1   s1 s1 s1 24 s1 24 s1  2 s1 s1 24 y t  2e t e t cos 2t  e t 2 cos 2t

Partial fractions: Bs  C 4 A   s1 s1 s1 24 s1 24 4  A s 1 2  4  Bs  C s 1 Let s  1, solve A  1

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 1

Let s  0, solve C  1 s 2 term: solve B  1 dx x  y  0 dt sX x 0 X  Y  0 s1 XY  1 dy x y  0 dt sY y 0 X Y  0 s1 YX  0

x0 1

4.4

Eq.(1)

y0 0

Eq.(2)

s 1 Eq.(2)

s 1 2X  s 1 Y  s 1 s1 YX  0 s 1 2X  X  s 1 s1
2

1 X  s1 s1 X s1 21 x t  e t cos t

Hence

From the given first differential eq.: dx x  y  0 dt y t  x dx dt  e t cos t d e t cos t dt  e t cos t e t sin t  e t cos t  e t sin t x t  e t cos t, y t  e t sin t Hence solution is

4.5

dx  x 3y  0  0 dt sX x 0  X 3Y  0 s  1 X 3Y  0

x0 0

Eq.(1)

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 1

dy  3x y  e t dt

0

y0 0

sY y 0  3X Y 

1 s1 s 1 Y  3X  1 s1

Eq.(2)

Eq.(1)

3
Eq.(3)

3 s  1 X 9Y  0
Eq.(2)

s1
Eq.(4)

s2 1 Y  3 s  1 X  1
Eq.(3) Eq. (4)

9Y s 2 1 Y  1 Y s 2 1  9  1 1  21 s2 1  9 s 8 y t  1 sin 8 t 8 Y

Hence

From the given second differential eq.: dy  3x y  e t dt dy 3x t  e t  y dt  e t  1 sin 8 t d dt 8  e t  Hence, x t  1 3 1 sin 8 t 8

1 sin 8 t 8

8 cos 8 t 8

e t  1 sin 8 t cos 8 t 8

Hence solution is x t  1 e t  1 sin 8 t cos 8 t 3 8

, yt 

1 sin 8 t 8

MAR2115 Differential Eqs & Series - Worksheet 1