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Lesson 3.5 Rational Functions PDF

This document covers properties of rational functions including: 1) The definition of a rational function as a ratio of two polynomials where the denominator is not equal to 0. 2) The steps for graphing rational functions which include finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, intercepts, and using a table of values. 3) Examples of finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, domains, and constructing rational functions from graphs.

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momathtchr
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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568 views

Lesson 3.5 Rational Functions PDF

This document covers properties of rational functions including: 1) The definition of a rational function as a ratio of two polynomials where the denominator is not equal to 0. 2) The steps for graphing rational functions which include finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, intercepts, and using a table of values. 3) Examples of finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, domains, and constructing rational functions from graphs.

Uploaded by

momathtchr
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3.

5 Properties of Rational Functions

A. Definition of a Rational Function

A Rational Function can be written in the form f ( x) N ( x)


D( x)

f ( x)

Vertical Asymptote: y-axis (x = 0) Horizontal Asymptote: x-axis (y = 0)

1 x

Where N(x) and D(x) are polynomials and the denominator 0.

The simplest type of rational function is the Reciprocal Function


f ( x) 1 x

B. The Steps for Graphing Rational Functions


1. SimplifyFactor numerator and denominator 2. Find and plot the y-intercepts (if any) Plug zero in for all the xs 3. Find and plot the x-intercepts (if any) Set the numerator equal to zero and solve. 4. Find Vertical Asymptotes Set the denominator equal to zero and solve for the restricted values in the domain Draw dotted vertical lines through these numbers 5. Find Horizontal Asymptotes Compare the degree of the numerator (n) and the denominator (m) If n < m, there is a HA at y = 0 leading coefficient of numerator If n = m, there is a HA at y = leading coefficient of denominator If n > m, there is NO Horizontal Asymptote Draw dotted horizontal lines through this value 6. Does the graph cross the HA? Set the equation equal to the horizontal asymptote value and try to solve for x. If you get a solution, graph the ordered pair. 7. Make a table of values For regions where the behavior of the graph is not obvious, plug in values for x and plot the ordered pairs. 1 8. Complete your graph with smooth curves.

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions

Find the domain of each rational function.


1.

R x

4x 2 x 2x 4

2.

Q x

x 3x 5 x 2
2

Use the graph shown to find:


a) d) The domain and range b) The intercepts if any Vertical asymptotes, if any c) Horizontal asymptotes, if any

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions

Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes, if any of the rational function.
1.

R x

4x 2 x 2x 4

2.

x 2 6x 5 Q x 2 2x 7 x 5

3. Qx

2x 2 8 3x 2 12 x 12

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions

A. The Steps for Graphing Rational Functions


9. SimplifyFactor numerator and denominator 10. Find and plot the y-intercepts (if any) Plug zero in for all the xs 11. Find and plot the x-intercepts (if any) Set the numerator equal to zero and solve. 12. Find Vertical Asymptotes Set the denominator equal to zero and solve for the restricted values in the domain Draw dotted vertical lines through these numbers 13. Find Horizontal Asymptotes Compare the degree of the numerator (n) and the denominator (m) If n < m, there is a HA at y = 0 leading coefficient of numerator If n = m, there is a HA at y = leading coefficient of denominator If n > m, there is NO Horizontal Asymptote Draw dotted horizontal lines through this value 14. Does the graph cross the HA? Set the equation equal to the horizontal asymptote value and try to solve for x. If you get a solution, graph the ordered pair. 15. Make a table of values For regions where the behavior of the graph is not obvious, plug in values for x and plot the ordered pairs. 16. Complete your graph with smooth curves. Construct a Rational Function from its Graph.

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions


f ( x) 2x 6 6 x 3
6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

f ( x)

1 2x 2x 3

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions


f ( x) x2

x 1

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.


2

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

f ( x)

x2 x 3 x 1

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions


f ( x) 2x 4 x x2
2

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

f ( x)

x2 x2 4 x

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions


f ( x) 2x x 2 x 1 x 4
6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

f ( x)

4 x2 x2 2 x 3

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions


f ( x) 2 x2 2 x 4 x2 x
6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

f ( x)

x 2 3x x2 x 6

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

Lesson 3.5 Properties of Rational Functions


f ( x) 5x2 5 x2 4x 4
6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

f ( x)

x3 x 2 x3 3x 2

6. Make a table of values and plot extra points.

1. Find and plot y-intercepts (if any).

x y

2. Find and plot x-intercepts (if any).

3. Find Vertical Asymptotes.

4. Find Horizontal Asymptotes.

5. Does the graph cross the HA?

10

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