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Assignment 2

This document provides instructions for Analytical Methods Assignment 2. Students are assigned to read chapters from a differential equations textbook to complement lecture materials. The assignment contains 6 problems: 1) finding the general solution to a separable differential equation; 2) writing another equation in separable form and solving it; 3) reducing a Bernoulli equation to linear form; 4) deriving and solving an equation modeling a boat's path; 5) applying a substitution to obtain a homogeneous linear equation; and 6) showing a general wave equation satisfies the 1D wave equation and introducing new variables to simplify it.

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64 views

Assignment 2

This document provides instructions for Analytical Methods Assignment 2. Students are assigned to read chapters from a differential equations textbook to complement lecture materials. The assignment contains 6 problems: 1) finding the general solution to a separable differential equation; 2) writing another equation in separable form and solving it; 3) reducing a Bernoulli equation to linear form; 4) deriving and solving an equation modeling a boat's path; 5) applying a substitution to obtain a homogeneous linear equation; and 6) showing a general wave equation satisfies the 1D wave equation and introducing new variables to simplify it.

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akhilvar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AM 5117: Analytical Methods Assignment 2

August 23, 2013 Submission due: August 30, 2013 Reading Assignment: Dierential equations with applications and historical notes - George F Simmons, Tata Mc Graw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-053071-8, Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. Note that text books complement the lectures in the class and you need to follow both for a proper understanding and appreciation of the subject. It is bad practice to just study from lecture notes, especially in post-graduate level. 1. If k is a given non-zero constant, show that the functions of the form y (x) = c exp[kx] are the ONLY solutions of the dierential equation dy = ky. dx Note that it is not sucient to show that y (x) = c exp[kx] is a solution. 2. By making appropriate substitution, write the following dierential equation in variable separable form: dy y xy 2 = . dx x + x2 y Subsequently, solve for y (x) and sketch the family of integral curves in the x y plane. 3. The equation dy + P (x)y = Q(x)y n , dx is known as Bernoullis equation and is linear when n is 0 or 1. Show that the above equation can be reduced to a linear equation for any other value of n by an appropriate change of variable. Subsequently, apply this transformation to solve the following dierential equation xy 2 dy + y 3 = x cos x. dx

4. The y -axis and the line x = c are the banks of a river whose current has uniform speed a in the negative y -direction. A boat enters the river at point (c, 0) and heads directly towards the origin with speed b relative to the water. (a) Derive the equation for the path of the boat. (b) Determine the conditions on a and b that will allow the boat to reach the opposite bank. 1

(c) Where will it land? 5. Show that by applying the substitution y = uv to the dierential equation d2 y dy + Q(x)y = 0, + P ( x) 2 dx dx it is possible to obtain a homogenous second order linear equation for v with no v term present. (a) Find u and the equation for v in terms of the original coecients P (x) and Q(x). (b) Subsequently, use the same method to nd the general solution of d2 y dy + (1 + x2 )y = 0. + 2 x dx2 dx 6. If y = F (x) is an arbitrary function, then y = F (x + at) represents a wave of xed shape that moves to the left along the x-axis with velocity a. Similarly, if y = G(x) is another arbitrary function, then y = G(x at) is a wave moving to the right. Therefore, the most general one-dimensional wave with velocity a is y (x, t) = F (x + at) + G(x at). (a) Show that the above equation satises the 1-dimensional wave equation a2 2y 2y = . x2 t2 (1)

(b) Verify that the constant a in the above equation has dimensions of velocity. (c) Intuitively one can say that if a stretched string is disturbed, then waves will move in both directions away from the source of the disturbance. This implies that it may be more meaningful to introduce new independent variables = x + at and = x at. Show that with these independent variables, the wave equation reduces to 2y = 0. (2) Note that Eq. (1) is called d Alemberts solution of the wave equation. It was also obtained by Euler, independently of d Alembert but slightly later.

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