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38 Complex

1. This section contains problems involving complex exponentials and roots. It asks to express complex numbers in various forms, find roots of numbers, and manipulate exponential and trigonometric expressions. 2. This question expresses trigonometric expressions as infinite geometric series involving cosine and sine terms. It asks to sum these series and relate the sums. 3. This question involves manipulating trigonometric expressions and finding roots and coefficients of trigonometric polynomials. It also asks to draw and analyze an Argand diagram related to roots.

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Mihir Chauhan
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187 views3 pages

38 Complex

1. This section contains problems involving complex exponentials and roots. It asks to express complex numbers in various forms, find roots of numbers, and manipulate exponential and trigonometric expressions. 2. This question expresses trigonometric expressions as infinite geometric series involving cosine and sine terms. It asks to sum these series and relate the sums. 3. This question involves manipulating trigonometric expressions and finding roots and coefficients of trigonometric polynomials. It also asks to draw and analyze an Argand diagram related to roots.

Uploaded by

Mihir Chauhan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revision Sheet 38

1. (i) Express eik and e ik in the form a + ib . Show that ei = 1 (ii) Show that
1 1 1 = 1 + i cot . i 1 e 2 2

(iii) Find the sixth roots of 8 i in the form rei , where r > 0 and < , (iv) Show that two of these sixth roots have the form m + i n , where m and n are integers.
1 2. In this question k and are real numbers with 0 < k < 1 and 0< < . 2 (i)
i i i i Express each of e + e and ( 1 ke ) ( 1 ke ) in trigonometric form.

Infinite series C and S are defined by


C = k cos + k 2 cos 2 + k 3 cos 3 + S = k sin + k 2 sin 2 + k 3 sin 3 + (ii) (iii)

Show that C + iS is an infinite geometric series.


k cos k 2 By finding the sum of this series, show that C = and 1 2k cos + k 2

find a similar expression for S.


(iv)

Given that C = 0 show that S = cot .


5

5 3 3. (a) By considering ( cos + i sin ) show that cos 5 = 16 cos 20 cos + 5cos .

(b) (i) Find the modulus and the argument of 8 + 8 3 i and hence

find the fourth roots of 8 8 3 i in the form rei with r > 0 and < . The points representing these fourth roots on an Argand diagram are the vertices of a square. These vertices are labeled A, B, C, and D starting with A in the first quadrant and going anticlockwise. (ii) Draw an Argand diagram showing the square ABCD. Find the length of a side of this square.

The mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD, DA represent complex numbers z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 , which are the fourth roots of a complex number w.
(iii)

By first finding the modulus and argument of z1 , or otherwise, find w, giving your answer in the form a + ib .

4. In this question z = cos + i sin where is real. (i) (ii)

Simplify z n +

1 1 and z n n . n z z
6

1 By considering z , find p, q, r and s s7uch that z sin 6 = p cos 6 + q cos 4 + r cos 2 + s

(iii)

Given that x and y are real, show that


Re ( e x + y ) = e x cos y , and find Im ( e x + y ) .

(iv)

Write down the first four terms of the Maclaurin series for e z . Two infinite series C and S are given by
cos 2 cos 3 + + 2! 3! ` find C and S. sin 2 sin 3 S = sin + + + 2! 3! C = 1 + cos +

(v)

5. (i) Express e 2 i e 2 i in trigonometric form and show that

( 1 e )
i

1 = 4ei sin 2 2

(ii)

For a positive integer n, the series C and S are given by


2n 2n 2n C = 1 cos + cos 2 cos 3 + + cos 2n 1 2 3 2n 2n 2n S = sin + sin 2 sin 3 + + sin 2n 1 2 3

2n Show that C = ( 4 ) cos n sin and find a similar expression for S. 2


n

(iii)

Given that w = ei is a cube root of 1, state the three possible values of with
6

< < and find the possible values of ( 1 w ) .

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