DIGITAL VISUAL INTERFACE

INTRODUCTION:

DVI is an acronym for Digital Visual Interface and carries

uncompressed digital video date to a display. When these
cables first came on the market in 1999, they were primarily used
for connecting the computer monitor to the PC, but today, these
cables are now used for television set connection especially flat
screen TVs.

• Digital Visual Interface is a video interface standard designed to maximize

the visual quality of digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer

displays and digital projectors.

• It is developed by an industry consortium, the Digital Display Working

Group (DDWG).

• It is designed for carrying uncompressed digital video data to a display.

• Block Diagram of DVI system

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EXISTING SYSTEMS
HDMI is an acronym for high definition multimedia interface. This is a newer
form of cable introduced in 2002 to coincide with the introduction of high
definition television.

HDMI connector

The HDMI cable is an all-digital video interface cable that can transmit
uncompressed streams of data. This cable carries both audio and video
signals.

It's a medium-sized 19-pin connection that's becoming standard on a range

of audio-visual products. For TV, DVD and game playing it takes over the
function of the Europe-wide SCART socket by carrying sound and pictures
simultaneously. Unlike the SCART, HDMI uses digital signals throughout. It
can also replace separate digital audio connections, such as optical or coaxial
leads. In theory this makes an Audio Visual system simpler to link together.

The TV will also need an HDMI input - preferably more than one to allow for
additional items at a later date. If there are not enough HDMI inputs, switch-
boxes are available for connecting more than one HDMI product and
swapping between them. One, two or more HDMI inputs are now standard on
most new flat-panel LCD and plasma TVs as well as rear-projection TVs and
standalone video projectors.

HDMI Input

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DISADVANTAGES OF DVI

• Requires a separate audio cable, unlike HDMI.

• DVI-A and DVI-D devices aren't compatible.
• Low availability of models with digital interfaces.
• Requires graphic board with digital output.

PROPOSED SYSTEMS
Higher spectral efficiency will be a key feature of any acceptable radio interface
beyond 3G. A promising approach for the downlink, is to adaptively multiplex user
data onto an OFDM transmission scheme. This will minimize interference between
users within a cell and efficiently allows users to share the total bandwidth. In such
a system, spectral efficiency can be improved by allocating the time-frequency
resources based on throughput requirements, quality of service constraints and the
channel qualities of each user.
Proposed successors

IEEE 1394 is proposed by High Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance

(HANA Alliance) for all cabling needs, including video, over CoAx and/or
1394 cable as a combined data stream.

High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), a forward-compatible standard,

that also includes digital audio transmission.

Unified Display Interface (UDI) was proposed by Intel to replace both DVI
and HDMI, but was deprecated in favor of DisplayPort.

DisplayPort is a license-free standard proposed by VESA to succeed DVI,

which also has DRM capabilities.

ADVANTAGES OF DVI
Mainly that it is digital. With VGA, the computer makes a digital video
output, converts it to analogue to go down the VGA cable and then the
monitor converts it back to digital. With DVI, it's digital all the way, so higher
quality.

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 I think DVI also support higher resolutions (up to about 1900xsomething I
think) and sends other information down the cable which means that you
dont have to adjust your monitor.

I think VGA is being scrapped soon, becuase almost all new monitors are
DFP (LCD) and use DVI instead.

• Lossless Transmission as no conversion is required.

• Provides support for much higher data rates.
• Requires only one cable to transfer RGB signal.
• Display technology independence.

FEATURES
DVI provides high speed digital connection.
DVI provides a digital interface between a personal computing device and display
device.
Digital and Analog support in single connector.

• DVI enables content to remain in lossless digital domain from creation to consumption.

• DVI is display technology independence.

DVI features plug and play through hot plug detection

High-speed TMDS level shifting

• Converts four lanes of low-swing AC-coupled differential input signals to DVI and HDMI
compliant open-drain current-steering differential output signals
• TMDS level shifting operation up to 2.25 Gbit/s per lane (225 MHz character clock)
• Integrated 50 Ohm termination resistors for self-biasing differential inputs
• Back-current safe outputs to disallow current when device power is off and monitor is on
• Disable feature to turn off TMDS inputs and outputs and to enter low-power state
DDC level shifting
• Integrated DDC level shifting (3.3 V source to 5 V sink side)
• 0 Hz to 400 kHz clock frequency
• Back-power safe to disallow backdrive current when power is off or when DDC is not
enabled

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MAIN PURPOSE

1.TELEPHONE

Telephone networks have been evolving for more than a century. Traditional voice
communication is expected to be enhanced and eventually replaced by visual communication in
the future. This paper addresses two key elements in digital visual communication: video
compression and access link technology. Remarkable advances in video compression have come
about in just the past few years, especially through international standardization endeavors. For
video compression, we review existing and ongoing standards including JPEG, H.261,
MPEG1/2, H.26P, MPEG4, and North American HDTV. These standards cover a broad spectrum
of applications and are considered the main standards to be used in visual communications. An
overview of access technology for POTS, ISDN, HDSL, ADSL, and ATM broadband networks is
given. Video coding standards that can be used to transport visual information over these
networks are described. Possible future developments for access technology are also discussed.

2.DIGITAL AUDIO TRANSMISSION

In general, a system and method for routing audio over a Digital Visual Interface (DVI) link is
described herein. In one embodiment, the system comprises a Digital Audio Interface (DAI)
transmitter and a DAI receiver. Coupled to a fourth channel of the DVI link that transmis a pixel-
rate clock signal, the DAI transmitter modulates the pixel-rate clock signal by input digital audio.
The DAI transmitter sends the modulated clock signal to the DAI receiver. The DAI receiver
recovers the digital audio from the modulated pixel-rate clock signal.

LIMITATION OF DVI

Maximum length of cable can be used is 5 meters. Audio signal cannot be sent with
video signal. DVI connector is bulky. Electro-Magnetic Interference will occur due
to clock signal.

CONCLUSION
The DVI interface has gained industry wide acceptance and is considered the
industry standard digital graphics interface. It offers the right combination of
versatility and functionality. DVI can be used to deliver single or dual-link
digital video to a display device while supporting legacy analog devices.
Leading market research firms are forecasting dramatic rises in sales of
digital display devices, which will eventually surpass sales of the current

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analog display devices. Market surveys indicate that over 50% of the displays
sold in Japan today, are digital. DVI is also spreading into the consumer
market. There are plans to add the DVI connector to HDTV sets, Set-top
boxes, DSS receivers and HD-DVD players. DVI is poised to replace the
analog VGA connector to become the single, universal display interface.

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