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SQL Using Joins PDF

The document discusses SQL joins which are used to combine records from two or more tables in a database. Different types of joins are discussed including inner, left, right, full, self and cartesian joins. The most common operator used for joins is the equal symbol.

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Krishna Kumar Gupta
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154 views

SQL Using Joins PDF

The document discusses SQL joins which are used to combine records from two or more tables in a database. Different types of joins are discussed including inner, left, right, full, self and cartesian joins. The most common operator used for joins is the equal symbol.

Uploaded by

Krishna Kumar Gupta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL - USING JOINS

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T he SQL J oins clause is used to combine records from two or more tables in a database. A JOIN is a means for combining fields from two tables by using values common to each. Consider the following two tables, (a) CUST OMERS table is as follows:
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+ | 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 | | 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 | | 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 | | 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 | | 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 | | 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 | | 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 | +----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

(b) Another table is ORDERS as follows:


+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+ |OID | DATE | CUSTOMER_ID | AMOUNT | +-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+ | 102 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | 3 | 3000 | | 100 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | 3 | 1500 | | 101 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 | 2 | 1560 | | 103 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 | 4 | 2060 | +-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+

Now, let us join these two tables in our SELECT statement as follows:
SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, AGE, AMOUNT FROM CUSTOMERS, ORDERS WHERE CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

T his would produce the following result:


+----+----------+-----+--------+ | ID | NAME | AGE | AMOUNT | +----+----------+-----+--------+ | 3 | kaushik | 23 | 3000 | | 3 | kaushik | 23 | 1500 | | 2 | Khilan | 25 | 1560 | | 4 | Chaitali | 25 | 2060 | +----+----------+-----+--------+

Here, it is noticeable that the join is performed in the WHERE clause. Several operators can be used to join tables, such as =, <, >, <>, <=, >=, !=, BET WEEN, LIKE, and NOT ; they can all be used to join tables. However, the most common operator is the equal symbol.

SQL Join Types:


T here are different types of joins available in SQL: INNER JOIN: returns rows when there is a match in both tables. LEFT JOIN: returns all rows from the left table, even if there are no matches in the rig ht table. RIGHT JOIN: returns all rows from the rig ht table, even if there are no matches in the left table. FULL JOIN: returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

SELF JOIN: is used to join a table to itself as if the table were two tables, temporarily renaming at least one table in the SQL statement. CART ESIAN JOIN: returns the Cartesian product of the sets of records from the two or more joined tables.

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