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Topic 5

This document discusses traverse surveys in surveying. It defines a traverse as determining the lengths and directions of consecutive lines. It classifies traverses as open or closed and standard, first, second, or third class based on linear misclosure and observation accuracy. It describes calculating latitudes and departures, adjusting for errors, and computing areas using double meridian distances or coordinates. Several examples of closed traverse data are given and calculations are outlined to determine latitudes and departures, corrections, areas, and station coordinates.

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Adron Lim
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505 views10 pages

Topic 5

This document discusses traverse surveys in surveying. It defines a traverse as determining the lengths and directions of consecutive lines. It classifies traverses as open or closed and standard, first, second, or third class based on linear misclosure and observation accuracy. It describes calculating latitudes and departures, adjusting for errors, and computing areas using double meridian distances or coordinates. Several examples of closed traverse data are given and calculations are outlined to determine latitudes and departures, corrections, areas, and station coordinates.

Uploaded by

Adron Lim
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 5 (TRAVERSE SURVEY) COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES Calculate correctly the differences in heights, coordinates for surveying stations

s and area of a traverse.

1.0

INTRODUCTION

Traversing means determining the lengths and directions of consecutive lines. Traversing consists of reconnaissance (selecting, marking and referencing stations), picking up details and booking the fields notes. Theodolite traverses are classified under the following two headings. a) b) open traverse survey the detail from one station to another station closed traverse the survey finishes at the same station

1.1

TRAVERSE CLASSIFICATION

In general, the traverse can be classified into four i.e. a. Standard traverse b. First class traverse c. Second class traverse d. Third class traverse

Classified Standard 1 2 3

Linear misclosure 1:25000 1:8000 1:4000 1:3000

Observation distance 0.001m 0.001m 0.001m 0.01m

Observation bearing 1 1/10 10/20 1

Plotting bearing 10 10 30 1

Closed error 115 @ 10 ps 115 @ 10 ps 230 @ 20 ps 5 @ 40 ps

Face observation 2 2 2 1

* ps = per station Table characteristic of traverse classification

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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1.2

TRAVERSING WITH A THEODOLITE In theodolite traversing, the field-work consisting of a. Reconnaissance b. Selection of stations c. Marking and locating stations d. Running of survey lines e. Booking of field-notes

1.3

ADJUSTMENT TRAVERSE THEODOLITE

1.3.1

Latitude and Departure Latitude of the line = l cos

Departure of the line = l sin Where l = length of the line

1.3.2

The sign of latitude and departure 00

Latitude (+ve) Departure (-ve)

Latitude (+ve) Departure (+VE)

270
Latitude (-ve) Departure (-ve) Latitude (-ve) Departure (+ve)

90

180

1.3.3

Linear Misclosure The procedures involve are as follow:

(i) (ii)

Find latitude and departure for each line. Arithmetical sum of latitude (northing) and (southing), departure (easting) and (westing).

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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(iii)

Find the differences between arithmetical sum of positive and negative for latitude and departure. Latitude differences (dL) and departure differences (dD). Find closing error = dL2 + dD2 Linear misclosure = clossing error Perimeter of traverse

(iv) (v)

1.3.4

Correction for Latitude and Departure

Two methods: a) Bowditchs Rule b) Transit Rule 1. Bowditchs Rule

Correction latitude =

Length of that side Perimeter of traverse

x Total error in latitude

Correction departure =

Length of that side Perimeter of traverse

x Total error in departure

2. Transit Rule

Correction latitude =

Latitude of that side

x Total error in latitude

Arithmetical sum of all latitude

Correction departure = Departure of that side

x Total error in departure

Arithmetical sum of all departure

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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1.4

COMPUTATION OF AREA OF A CLOSED TRAVERSE The area of a traverse may be computed by the following method a. Double meridian distance b. Coordinates

Double meridian distance

A= (DMD departure X Corrected latitude) or A = (DMD latitude X Corrected departure)

Coordinates

A=[]

1.5

EXERCISE

1. Based on the closed traverse observation data below, calculate : i. The latitudes and departures of each line

ii. Clossing error and linear misclosure iii. Corrected latitudes and departure by using bowditchs method. iv. Area by coordinates method if given coordinates N 100.00m and E 100.00m

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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Line 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-1

Bearing 16 38 12 73 19 12 195 17 30 281 04 36

Distance 252.230 284.210 384.730 247.840

2. Based on the closed traverse observation data below, calculate : i. The latitudes and departures of each line

ii. Clossing error and linear misclosure iii. Corrected latitudes and departure by using bowditchs method. iv. Area by coordinates method if given coordinates 1500.00 N , 1240.000 E

Station 1 2 3 4 5 1

Bearing 63 30 00 77 25 00 173 43 30 231 55 00 322 19 00

Distance

63.264 75.119 82.147 87.273 114.829

3. Below is a closed traverse observation data

Line 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-1

Bearing 140 00 00 229 00 30 290 10 00 339 00 00 65 00 30

Distance 218.000 193.000 181.130 135.500 247.500

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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Calculate :i. The latitudes and departures of each line ii. Corrected latitudes and departure by using bowditchs method. iii. Double meridian distance (latitude) iv. Area by DMD latitude X corrected departure v. Coordinate for each station if given coordinate for station 1 is N 500.000, E 500.000

4. Below is a closed traverse observation data

Station From 1 2 3 4 1 To

Bearing

Distance (m)

85 23 53 168 45 22 255 13 56 4 40 20

32.124 51.445 48.587 60.451

Calculate: i. The latitudes and departures of each lines. ii. Corrected latitudes and departures by using Transits method iii. Double meridian distance for each line iv. Calculate traverse area v. Coordinate for each station if given coordinate for station 1 is N 900.000 and E 400.000

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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CALCULATION FORM FOR LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE


LATITUDE LINE LENGTH BEARING NORTH SOUTH DEPARTURE EAST WEST CORRECTION LATITUDE DEPARTURE CORRECTED LATITUDE CORRECTED DEPARTURE DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (LATITUDE) DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (DEPARTURE) COORDINATES N@S E@W

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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CALCULATION FORM FOR LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE


LATITUDE LINE LENGTH BEARING NORTH SOUTH DEPARTURE EAST WEST CORRECTION LATITUDE DEPARTURE CORRECTED LATITUDE CORRECTED DEPARTURE DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (LATITUDE) DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (DEPARTURE) COORDINATES N@S E@W

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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CALCULATION FORM FOR LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE


LATITUDE LINE LENGTH BEARING NORTH SOUTH DEPARTURE EAST WEST CORRECTION LATITUDE DEPARTURE CORRECTED LATITUDE CORRECTED DEPARTURE DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (LATITUDE) DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (DEPARTURE) COORDINATES N@S E@W

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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CALCULATION FORM FOR LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE


LATITUDE LINE LENGTH BEARING NORTH SOUTH DEPARTURE EAST WEST CORRECTION LATITUDE DEPARTURE CORRECTED LATITUDE CORRECTED DEPARTURE DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (LATITUDE) DOUBLE M ERIDIAN DISTANCE (DEPARTURE) COORDINATES N@S E@W

PSA/ZAR/DKA_CC103/TOPIC_5

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