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    Cs101 Lec28

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    Fahad Nabeel
    This lecture provided an introduction to the Internet. It discussed the history and evolution of computer networks, including ARPANET and how it led to the development of the Internet. Key protocols like TCP/IP were explained, which allow communication across networks. Popular Internet services like email, FTP, and the World Wide Web were also introduced. The lecture reviewed Internet usage growth and characteristics like its global reach, robust architecture, and role in enabling sharing of information worldwide.

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    Cs101 Lec28

    Uploaded by

    Fahad Nabeel
    43 views57 pages
    This lecture provided an introduction to the Internet. It discussed the history and evolution of computer networks, including ARPANET and how it led to the development of the Internet. Key protocols like TCP/IP were explained, which allow communication across networks. Popular Internet services like email, FTP, and the World Wide Web were also introduced. The lecture reviewed Internet usage growth and characteristics like its global reach, robust architecture, and role in enabling sharing of information worldwide.

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    This lecture provided an introduction to the Internet. It discussed the history and evolution of computer networks, including ARPANET and how it led to the development of the Internet. Key protocols like TCP/IP were explained, which allow communication across networks. Popular Internet services like email, FTP, and the World Wide Web were also introduced. The lecture reviewed Internet usage growth and characteristics like its global reach, robust architecture, and role in enabling sharing of information worldwide.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    43 views57 pages

    Cs101 Lec28

    Uploaded by

    Fahad Nabeel
    This lecture provided an introduction to the Internet. It discussed the history and evolution of computer networks, including ARPANET and how it led to the development of the Internet. Key protocols like TCP/IP were explained, which allow communication across networks. Popular Internet services like email, FTP, and the World Wide Web were also introduced. The lecture reviewed Internet usage growth and characteristics like its global reach, robust architecture, and role in enabling sharing of information worldwide.

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    of 57

    CS101 Introduction to Computing

    Lecture 28
    Introduction to the Internet
    1

    During the Last Lecture (Computer Networks)


    We looked at the role of networks in computing

    We looked at several different types of networks We familiarized ourselves with networking topologies and protocols
    2

    Computer Network
    Multiple computers that are connected together to share information and other resources

    Types of Computer Networks


    according to the network access policy

    Private

    Public

    Types of Computer Networks


    according to the distance between nodes

    LAN: Local Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network

    Network Topologies
    The pattern in which computers are connected to form a network Popular patterns:
    Point-to-point Star Bus Ring

    Networks are also formed by combining 2 or 6 more of these 4 basic patterns

    Networking Protocols
    Networks use protocols, or rules, to exchange information through shared channels These protocols prevent collisions of data caused by simultaneous transmission between two or more computers

    Several protocols are available for various types of networks. Here we discuss two that are popular for LANs: Ethernet; Token Ring 7

    Types of Communication Channels

    Wire Wireless

    Wireless (Radio) LANs Are Becoming Popular

    Key benefits:
    Set-up time Set-up cost Maintenance cost Cost Key challenges: Security & privacy Quality of service Cost
    9

    Todays Goal: Introduction to the Internet


    To become able to appreciate the role of the Internet in todays computing To become familiar with the history and evolution of the Internet

    10

    an accident!
    11

    This car was involved in that accident

    12

    It belongs to
    Mr. Tom Peters of Palo Alto, California

    13

    After the accident, Mr. Peters


    filled out a form, giving info about:
    Himself The circumstances of the accident Estimated repair expenses

    & then
    14

    1/ 7

    Mr. Peterss fax machine


    15

    2/ 7

    ACME Insurance Groups server in New York


    16

    3/ 7

    Bhola eServices (Pvt) Ltds server at Davis Rd, Lahore


    17

    4/ 7

    Claims processing in Lahore


    18

    5/ 7

    Bhola eServices (Pvt) Ltds server at Davis Rd, Lahore


    19

    6/ 7

    ACME Insurance Groups server in New York


    20

    7/ 7

    Mr. Peterss home PC


    21

    22

    Key Question!

    Why process the insurance claim in Pakistan?

    23

    Answer: Everybody Wins!


    Tom Peters ACME Insurance Bhola eServices

    24

    Answer: Everybody Wins!


    Tom Peters ACME Insurance Bhola eServices
    Lower premium & Quicker turnaround

    25

    Answer: Everybody Wins!


    Tom Peters ACME Insurance Bhola eServices
    Better margins due to 50% saving on claim processing costs

    26

    Answer: Everybody Wins!


    Tom Peters ACME Insurance Bhola eServices

    Internal rate of return (IRR) of 60-80%

    27

    The Key Point


    Bhola eServices (Pvt) Ltd is
    supplying a service using local, attractively-priced workers to a remote, overseas client over the Internet & making good money in the process!
    28

    Internet: the enabler!


    29

    What else does the Internet enable?


    30

    What Else?
    Enables users located at far-way locations to easily share information with others located all over the world

    Enables users to easily and inexpensively communicate with others located all over the world
    Enables the users to operate and run programs on computers located all over the world 31

    The Internet is unlike any previous human invention. It is a world-wide resource, accessible to all of the humankind.
    32

    Internet Users Worldwide


    673M in 2002 1B+ in 2005 (48% wireless)

    33

    1.2M Internet users in Pakistan in 5/2000 (1% of population)

    In early 2002, 54% of Australian population 51% of Singaporean population 39% of Japanese population 3% of Chinese population

    34

    Key Characteristics (1)


    Geographic Distribution Global - reaches around the world Robust Architecture

    Adapts to damage and error Speed


    Data can travels at near c on copper, fiber, airwaves 35

    Key Characteristics (2)


    Universal Access Same functionality to everyone Growth Rate The fastest growing technology ever Freedom of Speech Promotes freedom of speech The Digital Advantage Is digital: can correct errors

    36

    inter net
    37

    Internet: Network of Networks


    A large number of networks, interconnected physically Capable of communicating and sharing data with each other

    From the users point view, Internet a collection of interconnected networks looks like a single, unified network 38

    Internet ---- Web


    39

    Internet ---- Intranet

    40

    Internet Networking Protocols


    Communications on the Internet is controlled by a set of two protocols: TCP and IP

    41

    TCP/IP (1)
    Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
    Networking protocol used by all computers and networks on the Internet

    Originally developed by the US DoD for Unix, but now available for most other OSes

    42

    TCP/IP (2)
    Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
    TCP breaks down the message to be sent over the Internet into packets

    IP routes these packets through the Internet to get them to their destination When the packets reach the destination computer, TCP reassembles them into the original message 43

    Tools & Services Available on the Internet


    Electronic mail (POP, IMAP, SMTP) Instant messaging (ICQ, MSN) Remote login (telnet) File transfer (ftp)

    Network news (nntp)


    WWW (http)
    44

    Chronology of events that led to todays Internet

    45

    1960's 1969 - DoD-ARPA creates an experimental network ARPANET as a test-bed for emerging networking technologies

    ARPANET originally connected 4 universities & enabled scientists to share info & resources across long distances
    ARPANET continued to expand throughout the 46 70's and 80's

    1970's Networking tools developed in the 70's include: 1972 - The National Center for Supercomputing Apps. (NCSA) develops the telnet application for remote login, making it easier to connect to a remote computer 1973 - FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is introduced, standardizing the transfer of files 47 between networked computers

    1980's 1983 - The TCP/IP protocols becomes the only set of protocols used on the ARPANET This sets a standard for all networks, and generates the use of the term Internet as the net of nets

    ARPANET splits into two nets to keep military & non-military network sites separate: ARPANET and MILNET 48

    1980's In 1982 and 1983, the first desktop computers begin to appear Many are equipped with an OS called Berkeley Unix, which includes networking SW, allowing easy connection to the Internet using telnet

    The PC revolution continues through the 80s, making access to computer resources & networked info increasingly available to public
    49

    1980's 1985-86: NSF connects the USs six supercomputing centers together, calling it the the NSFNET, or NSFNET backbone To expand access to the Internet, NSF developed regional nets, which were then connected to the NSFNET backbone Plus, NSF supported institutions (universities, etc.) in their efforts to connect to the regional 50 nets

    1980's 1987 - NSF awards a grant to Merit Network, Inc. to operate & manage future development of the NSFNET

    Merit collaborates with IBM & MCI on R&D for fast networking technologies 1989 - The backbone network is upgraded to T1, making it able to transmit data at speeds of 1.5 Mb/s (approx. 60 pages of text/second)
    51

    1990's 1990 - The ARPANET is dissolved

    1991 - Gopher is developed at the U of MN


    It provides a hierarchical, menu-based method for providing & locating info on the Internet 1993 - CERN releases WWW, developed by Tim Berners-Lee It uses HTTP and hypertext, revolutionizing the 52 way info is presented & accessed on Internet

    1990's 1993 - The NSFNET is upgraded to T3 (45 Mb/s or about 1800 pages/s) 1993-1994 - Web browsers Mosaic & Netscape Navigator are introduced Their GUI makes WWW & Internet more appealing to the general public 1995 - NSFNET is replaced by a new architecture, called vBNS which utilizes regional networks and Network Access Points 53

    A lot has happened since 1995

    54

    Who runs the Internet? Who owns it?


    55

    Todays Goal: Introduction to the Internet


    We looked at the role Internet plays in todays computing We reviewed some of the history and evolution of the Internet

    56

    Next Lecture: Internet Services


    We will try to familiarize ourselves with with some of the Internet services: http (surfing, shopping, searching) eMail ftp News groups, message boards, forums Instant messaging Multimedia delivery 57

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