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Dynamics of Rotating Machinery PDF

This document discusses dynamics of rotating machinery. It summarizes that (1) rotordynamics refers to systems where at least one part rotates with significant angular momentum, ranging from projectiles to turbines. (2) The course topics include vibration theory, dynamics of single and multiple degree of freedom systems, Jeffcott rotor model, torsional and bending vibrations, experimental verification of critical speeds and responses. (3) Examples demonstrate how high kinetic energy stored in fast rotating parts like flywheels can cause hazards if converted to linear motion, and how high stresses can develop that exceed yield points of materials.

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780 views4 pages

Dynamics of Rotating Machinery PDF

This document discusses dynamics of rotating machinery. It summarizes that (1) rotordynamics refers to systems where at least one part rotates with significant angular momentum, ranging from projectiles to turbines. (2) The course topics include vibration theory, dynamics of single and multiple degree of freedom systems, Jeffcott rotor model, torsional and bending vibrations, experimental verification of critical speeds and responses. (3) Examples demonstrate how high kinetic energy stored in fast rotating parts like flywheels can cause hazards if converted to linear motion, and how high stresses can develop that exceed yield points of materials.

Uploaded by

alaine1114
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics of rotating Machinery, Dr. I. Bucher Spring 2003 Dynamics Laboratory

Dynamics of rotating machinery


The discipline of dynamics of rotating machinery (rotordynamics) refers to systems where at least one part rotates with a significant angular momentum. This discipline is applied to analyze the behavior of freely rotating objects as well as constrained (by bearings) ones ranging from projectiles, satellites in orbit to pumps, turbines.

Grade composition

Homework %35 Quiz 25% Final project 40 %

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Technion - Israel Institute of Technology


Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics of rotating Machinery, Dr. I. Bucher Spring 2003 Dynamics Laboratory

Course topics Intoduction Review of vibration theory 1-DOF, N-DOF free vibration, forced vibration, mode shapes, modal decomposition / superposition, orthogonality, Lagrange equations Jeffcot rotor 1 DOF rotating shaft + disk, complex notation, stationary and rotating coordinates free response - eigenvalues, forward/backward whirl, unbalance - forced response, asymmetric supports, Campbell diagram, internal damping vs. external damping - stability, acceleration through critical speeds, Continuous systems Torsional vibration Continuous Models, limitations Discrete Models - simple FE model coupled systems, connected shafts interference diagram - engine orders Shaft bending vibration Euler/Timoshenko beam Kinetic and potential energy of a rotating shaft shaft with rigid disks and flexible supports gyroscopic effects Continuous systems flexible disks forward/backward whirl Campbell diagram, measurements interpretation static loads, synchronous loads Experimental verification Critical speeds Natural frequencies and modeshapes Unbalance response & balancing Measurements and signal processing Experimental identification, bearings, shaft, damping

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Technion - Israel Institute of Technology


Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics of rotating Machinery, Dr. I. Bucher Spring 2003 Dynamics Laboratory

Importance of rotordynamics for performance and design- examples Example no. 1: Stored kinetic energy in a typical rotating disc (dimensions/speed are typical of pump/compressor) Consider a ring made of steel rotating at 10,000 Rev/min. The ring

D=0.6 m, d=0.4 m , w=0.04, m=p*(0.3^2-0.2^2)*0.04*8000= 50.3 Kg Jp= *m*(0.3^2-0.2^2)=1.26 Kg x m^2 =10000 Rev/min 1/60 min/sec 2 Rad/Rev = ~1000 Rad/s T= *Jp*^2= 6.89*105 Joule What would happen if, for some reason the angular momentum (Kinetic energy) would be converted into linear momentum? How high/far would the ring fly?
h

V= mgh = T h(max) = 6.89*10^5/(9.81*50) h =~ 700 m (for upwards fly) at 30 (neglect aerodynamic drag) a=-g mh''=-mg h'=-g*t+c1, h=-1/2*g*t^2+c1*t th=hmax=sqrt(2*hmax/g)=~12 Sec; c1=g*sqrt(2*hmax/g) = sqrt(2*hmax*g); vx=~200 m/s, -> xmax=2400 m =2.4 Km !!

The amount of energy storage in a state-of-the-art flywheel is about equal to the amount of energy stored in a good battery. The large energy is a safety hazard and is much larger than the deformation that any internal mode can absorb (failure)

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Technion - Israel Institute of Technology


Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics of rotating Machinery, Dr. I. Bucher Spring 2003 Dynamics Laboratory

Example no.2 Stress in a rotating ring Stress in a rotating hoop = V 2 = 2 R 2 For our example, R=0.3 m , =1000 Rad/s Steel hoop = 720 MPa (Would yield most materials) A full disk would have the maximal (bi-axial) stress at its middle, (3 + ) 2 R 2 and = 8

** Kinetic energy per unit volume 1 T = V 2 , 2 energy stored due to elastic deformation (per unit volume) U =

2 2E

KE T E = = , PE U
Speed of sound in material c =

E ,

Since = V 2 ,

T c2 = 2 U V

If the rotor is sped up to a point near yield, the ration of kinetic to elastic energy, would be
T E , As for most materials this ratio would be of order 100- 1000, thus if a = U y

mechanism arises that transfers rotational energy into vibrational energy, only a tiny fraction of the available energy would be required to initiate failure in the vibratory mode.

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