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    Linear Algebra - Exercise 1

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    Vishal Gaur
    1. The document defines key concepts in linear algebra including vector spaces, subspaces, and linear spans. 2. It provides examples of vector spaces such as the set of all real-valued functions, matrices, polynomials, and n-tuples of real/complex/rational numbers. 3. It examines subsets of vector spaces to determine if they are subspaces based on being closed under vector addition and scalar multiplication. This includes subsets of R3 and the vector space of real matrices.

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    Linear Algebra - Exercise 1

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Gaur
    134 views2 pages
    1. The document defines key concepts in linear algebra including vector spaces, subspaces, and linear spans. 2. It provides examples of vector spaces such as the set of all real-valued functions, matrices, polynomials, and n-tuples of real/complex/rational numbers. 3. It examines subsets of vector spaces to determine if they are subspaces based on being closed under vector addition and scalar multiplication. This includes subsets of R3 and the vector space of real matrices.

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    1. The document defines key concepts in linear algebra including vector spaces, subspaces, and linear spans. 2. It provides examples of vector spaces such as the set of all real-valued functions, matrices, polynomials, and n-tuples of real/complex/rational numbers. 3. It examines subsets of vector spaces to determine if they are subspaces based on being closed under vector addition and scalar multiplication. This includes subsets of R3 and the vector space of real matrices.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    134 views2 pages

    Linear Algebra - Exercise 1

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Gaur
    1. The document defines key concepts in linear algebra including vector spaces, subspaces, and linear spans. 2. It provides examples of vector spaces such as the set of all real-valued functions, matrices, polynomials, and n-tuples of real/complex/rational numbers. 3. It examines subsets of vector spaces to determine if they are subspaces based on being closed under vector addition and scalar multiplication. This includes subsets of R3 and the vector space of real matrices.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    (10B1NMA731) APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA EXERCISE-1 Vector Spaces and Subspaces 1. Define a vector space V over a field F.

    Show that in a vector space 1) = (a) a 0 =0 (b) 0=0 (c) ( 2. Let (V, +) be the set of all real valued functions defined over [ a, b] and R be the field of real numbers. Show that V(R) is a vector space. 3. Let (V, +) be the set of all m n matrices with elements belonging to a field F. Show that V(F) is a vector space. (Note: It is denoted by F mn ) 4. Let (V, +) be the set of all polynomials with coefficients from a field F. Show that V(F) is a vector space. 5. Show that C(C), C(R), C (Q), R(R), R (Q) and Q (Q) are vector spaces. (In general F(F) is a vector space) 6. Let C n , n =1,2,3,... be the set of all n-tuples of complex numbers. Show that it is a vector space over C. Similarly, R n ( R ) and Q n (Q ) are vector spaces. 7. Let V be the set of all pairs ( x, y ) of real numbers, and let F be the field of real numbers. Examine each of the following cases to find whether V is a vector space over the field of real numbers. a( x, y ) = ( ax, 0) (a) ( x1 , y1 ) + ( x 2 , y 2 ) = ( x1 + x 2 , 0) ; (b) ( x1 , y1 ) + ( x2 , y2 ) = ( x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 ); (c)

    (d) 8. Define a subspace of a vector space. Let W be a subset of V. Show that W is a subspace of V if and only if it is closed with vector addition and scalar multiplication. 9. Let R 3 ={( x, y, z )} . Which of the following are subspaces of R 3 ? W2 ={ ( x,1, z ) , x, z R} (c) W3 ={ ( x, y, z ) , x + y + z = 0} (a) W1 = { ( 0, y, z ) , y, z R} (b) 2 W5 ={( x, y , z ), x 0} (d) W4 = ( x, y, z ) , y = x (e) (f) W6 ={( x, y , z ), x + y + z = 1} 10. Let V = R nn be the vector space of all n n real matrices over R and W be the subset of all n n nonsingular matrices. Is W a subspace of V? 11. Let x i , i =1 : n be a given set of points (knots) on the real line such that x1 < x 2 ... < x n . Further let V = {S : [ x1 , x n ] R} be the set of functions satisfying the conditions (a) S(x) is continuous on [ x1 , x n ] (b) S(x) is a polynomial of degree 1 or less in each subinterval [ x i , x i +1 ], i =1 : n 1 , with usual definitions of addition and scalar multiplication. Show that V is a vector space over R (This is called the vector space of splines of degree 1 over the given knots). 12. Show that the set of all solutions of a second order linear homogeneous equation is a vector space. (Note that the result is true for every linear homogeneous differential equation of any order). 13. Let W1 = {( x, 0) : x R} and W2 = {(0, y ) : y R} be subspaces of a vector space R 2 ( R ) . Which of the following are subspaces of R 2 ? W2 W2 W2 (a) W1 (b) W1 (c) W1 (d) (W1 W2 ) W1 , where stands for direct sum. 14. Define the linear span L( S ) of a subset S of a vector space V. Find the linear spans of the following subsets of R 3 : (a) { ( 0,0,0 )} (b) {(1,2,0 ), (1,0,0 )} (c) {(1,1,1), (1,0,1), ( 2,1,0 )} (d) {(1,0,0 ), (1,1,0 ), (1,1,1), (1,2,3)} Find whether the vectors (1, 2, 1) and (3, 2, 1) belong to L( S ) in (c).

    ( x1 , y1 ) + ( x2 , y2 ) = ( x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 ) ; ( x1 , y1 ) + ( x2 , y2 ) = ( x1 + y2 , y1 + x2 ) ;

    a ( x , y ) = a 2 x, a 2 y a( x, y ) = ( ax, ay )

    a ( x, y ) = ( a x , a y )

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