Control Valve Characteristics
Uploaded by
gifitrianggraeniControl Valve Characteristics
Uploaded by
gifitrianggraenithe Flow Characteristic of the Control Valve
Trim design of the valve affects how the control valve capacity changes as the valve moves through its complete travel. Because of the variation in trim design, many valves are not linear in nature. Valve trims are instead designed, or characterized, in order to meet the large variety of control application needs. Many control loops have inherent non linearity's, which may be possible to compensate selecting the control valve trim.
Inherent Control Valve Flow Characteristics
The most common characteristics are shown in the figure above. The percent of flow through the valve is plotted against valve stem position. The curves shown are typical of those available from valve manufacturers. These curves are based on constant pressure drop across the valve and are called inherent flow characteristics.
Linear - flow capacity increases linearly with valve travel. Equal percentage - flow capacity increases exponentially with valve trim travel. Equal increments of valve travel produce equal percentage changes in the existing Cv. A modified parabolic characteristic is approximately midway between linear and equal-percentage characteristics. It provides fine throttling at low flow capacity and approximately linear characteristics at higher flow capacity. Quick opening provides large changes in flow for very small changes in lift. It usually has too high a valve gain for use in modulating control. So it is limited to on-off service, such as sequential operation in either batch or semi-continuous processes. Hyperbolic
Square Root
The majority of control applications are valves with linear, equal-percentage, or modified-flow characteristics.
Installed Control Valve Flow Characteristics
When valves are installed with pumps, piping and fittings, and other process equipment, the pressure drop across the valve will vary as the plug moves through its travel. When the actual flow in a system is plotted against valve opening, the curve is called the Installed Flow Characteristic. In most applications, when the valve opens, and the resistance due to fluids flow decreases the pressure drop across the valve. This moves the inherent characteristic:
A linear inherent curve will in general resemble a quick opening characteristic An equal percentage curve will in general resemble a linear curve
Actuator Berfungsi sebagai penggerak. Contohnya adalah untuk menggerakan control valve agar bisa terbuka dan tertutup dan selalu pada keadaan yang dikehendaki controller. Control Valve Diartikan sebagai klep, katup. Digunakan untuk menunjukan valve yang dibagian atasnya dilengkapi roda pemutar (hand wheel). Global Valve Dinamakan global valve karena bentuk aliranya yang menyerupai globe. Sistem ini banyak dipakai untuk sistem pengendalian karena rangeability yang luas dan pemakainnya yang dapat menjangkau banyak proses. Ada 2 macam globe valve: 1. Single-seat, aliran terpecah menjadi 2 bagian, sehingga drop pressure dimasing-masing bagian hanya setengah dari drop pressure di antara inlet-outlet. Hal ini menguntungkan karena akan mengurangi kecepatan terjadinya erosi. 2. Double-seated Cage Valve Cage valve lain yang popular adalah cage valve. Masih sejenis dengan globe. Bedanya hanya menggunakan piston dan cage. Bentuk seperti piston mobil. Namun kurang cocok untuk media
yang kotor, karena deposit akan mudah tertinggal dicelah-celah. Keuntungan valve ini mudah diganti-ganti karakterisiknya. Butterfly Valve Berbentuk seperti kupu-kupu, digunakan untuk dalam proses yang membutuhkan flow besar serta fluida yang banyak mengandung partikel. Cara kerjanya berputar membentuk sudut dari 0 derajat sampai 90 derajat. Ball Valve Ball valve mempunyai kerapatan yang prima pada waktu tertutup rapat, karena bidang kontak antara seal dan ball jauh lebih lebar dibandingkan dengan butterfly valve. Karakteristik Dan Gain Control Valve Telah dijelaskan yang mempengaruhi control valve. Mulai dari linear,equal percentage, quick opening, butterfly, sampai characterized ball valve dengan V-notch, U-Notch dan parabolic. Walaupun yang menjadi kunci sistem pengendalian adalah gain sistem closed loop, namun gain control valve merupakan salah satu factor yang memberikan kontribusi langsung pada gain seluruh loop. Gain control valve didefinisikan sebagai perbandingan antara besarnya perubahan flow terhadap besarnya perubahan bukaan control valve (valve stroke).
