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Class 14: Outline: Hour 1: Magnetic Fields Expt. 5: Magnetic Fields

The objectives of this course are to tease out the laws of electromagnetism from our everyday experience by specific examples of how electromagnetic phenomena manifest themselves. We want to be able: To describe, in words, the ways in which various concepts in electromagnetism come into play in particular situations; To represent these electromagnetic phenomena and fields mathematically in those situations; And to predict outcomes in other similar situations. The overall goal is to use the scientific method to come to understand the enormous variety of electromagnetic phenomena in terms of a few relatively simple laws.

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54 views31 pages

Class 14: Outline: Hour 1: Magnetic Fields Expt. 5: Magnetic Fields

The objectives of this course are to tease out the laws of electromagnetism from our everyday experience by specific examples of how electromagnetic phenomena manifest themselves. We want to be able: To describe, in words, the ways in which various concepts in electromagnetism come into play in particular situations; To represent these electromagnetic phenomena and fields mathematically in those situations; And to predict outcomes in other similar situations. The overall goal is to use the scientific method to come to understand the enormous variety of electromagnetic phenomena in terms of a few relatively simple laws.

Uploaded by

akirank1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 14: Outline

Hour 1:
Magnetic Fields
Expt. 5: Magnetic Fields

Hour 2:
Charges moving in B Fields
Exam Review
P14- 1
A New Topic:
Magnetic Fields

P14- 2
Gravitational – Electric Fields
Mass m Charge q (±)
G m G q
Create: g = −G 2 rˆ E = ke 2 rˆ
r r
G G G G
Feel: Fg = mg FE = qE
Also saw… Dipole p
Create:

Feel: G G G
τ = p×E P14- 3
Magnetism – Bar Magnet

Like poles repel, opposite poles attract

P14- 4
Demonstration:
Magnetic Field Lines
from Bar Magnet

P14- 5
Demonstration:
Compass (bar magnet) in
Magnetic Field Lines
from Bar Magnet

P14- 6
Magnetic Field of Bar Magnet

(1) A magnet has two poles, North (N) and South (S)
(2) Magnetic field lines leave from N, end at S
P14- 7
Bar Magnets Are Dipoles!
• Create Dipole Field
• Rotate to orient with Field

Is there magnetic “mass”


or magnetic “charge?”

NO! Magnetic monopoles do not exist in isolation


P14- 8
Bar Magnets Are Dipoles!
• Create Dipole Field
• Rotate to orient with Field

Is there magnetic “mass”


or magnetic “charge?”

NO! Magnetic monopoles do not exist in isolation


P14- 9
Magnetic Monopoles?
GElectric Dipole Magnetic Dipole
p G
-q q µ
When cut:
2 monopoles (charges) When cut: 2 dipoles
Magnetic monopoles do not exist in isolation
Another Maxwell’s Equation! (2 of 4)
G G qin G G
∫∫
wS
E ⋅ dA =
ε0 ∫∫ B ⋅ dA = 0
wS
Gauss’s Law Magnetic Gauss’s LawP14- 10
Fields: Grav., Electric, Magnetic
Mass m Charge q (±) No
G m G q Magnetic
Create: g = −G 2 rˆ E = ke 2 rˆ Monopoles!
r r
G G G G
Feel: Fg = mg FE = qE
Also saw… Dipole p Dipole µ
Create: G G
E→ ←B
Feel: G G G G G G
τ = p×E τ = µ×B P14- 11
What else is magnetic?

P14- 12
Magnetic Field of the Earth

Also a
magnetic
dipole!

North magnetic pole located in southern hemisphere


P14- 13
Earth’s Field at MIT

We will measure these components


P14- 14
Experiment 5:
Bar Magnet &
Earth’s Magnetic Field

P14- 15
Visualization: Bar Magnet &
Earth’s Magnetic Field
(http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/8/8.02T/f04/visualizations/magnetostatics/27-barmagontable/27-
barmag320.html)

P14- 16
Magnetic Field B Thus Far…
Bar Magnets (Magnetic Dipoles)…
• Create: Dipole Field
• Feel: Orient with Field

Does anything
else create or feel
a magnetic field?

P14- 17
Demonstration:
TV in Field

P14- 18
Moving Charges Feel Magnetic Force

G G G
FB = q v × B
Magnetic force perpendicular both to:
Velocity v of charge and magnetic field B
P14- 19
Magnetic Field B: Units
G G G
Since FB = q v × B
newton N N
B Units = =1 =1
(coulomb)(meter/second ) C ⋅ m s A ⋅ m
This is called 1 Tesla (T)
4
1 T = 10 Gauss (G)

P14- 20
Recall:
Cross Product

P14- 21
Notation Demonstration

X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X

OUT of page INTO page


“Arrow Head” “Arrow Tail”

P14- 22
Cross Product: Magnitude
Computing magnitude of cross product A x B:
G G G G G G
C = AxB C = A B sin θ

G
| C |: area of parallelogram
P14- 23
Cross Product: Direction
G G G
Right Hand Rule #1: C = AxB
1) Curl fingers of right hand
in the direction that moves A
(green vector) to B (red
vector) through the smallest
angle
2) Thumb of right hand will
point in direction of the cross
http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/8/8.02T/f04/visualizat
product C (orange vector) ions/vectorfields/14-CrossProduct/14-
crossprod320.html

P14- 24
Cross Product: Signs

ˆi × ˆj = kˆ ˆj × ˆi = −kˆ
ˆj × kˆ = ˆi ˆk × ˆj = −ˆi
kˆ × ˆi = ˆj ˆi × kˆ = −ˆj

Cross Product is Cyclic (left column)


Reversing A & B changes sign (right column)
P14- 25
PRS Questions:
Right Hand Rule

P14- 26
Putting it Together: Lorentz Force
Charges Feel…
G G G G G
FE = qE FB = q v × B
Electric Fields Magnetic Fields

G G G G
(
F = q E + v×B )
This is the final word on the force on a charge
P14- 27
Application: Velocity Selector

What happens here?

P14- 28
Velocity Selector

Particle moves in a straight line when


G G G G E
Fnet = q(E + v × B) = 0 ⇒ v =
B P14- 29
PRS Question:
Hall Effect

P14- 30
Exam Review

P14- 31

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