Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I

CIMEPI - Agosto 2013

Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 1
1
Part I Design of Steel
Members
2
In this course we will be studying the design of the
following components, according to the provisions of the
2010 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings:
Introduction to Steel Design
1.1 Basics of Structural Steel Construction:
Tension Members
Bearing and Column Base Plates
Columns
Beams
Beam - Columns
Steel - to - Steel Connections
3
Introduction to Steel Design
1.1 Basics of Structural Steel Construction:
Typical framing:
2 3
A
B
Spandrel beam
Beam
Deck direction
Definition:
Bay is the area bounded
by 3 or 4 columns
4
Introduction to Steel Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
ASCE-7: This specification
provides the criteria for the
calculation of design loads in
buildings in general (steel
buildings, concrete buildings, etc.)
(ASCE, 2005, 2010).
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 2
5
Introduction to Steel Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
AISC: This specification provides
the criteria for the design of
structural steel buildings and their
connections (AISC, 2005, 2010).
6
Introduction to Steel Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
CEC: Este cdigo contiene
normativas locales para el diseo
de estructuras de acero (CEC,
2012).
7
Introduction to Steel Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
AISI: This specification deals
with the design of cold-formed
steel structures (AISI, 2007).
8
Introduction to Steel Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
AASHTO: This specification
covers the design of highway
bridges and related structures
(AASHTO, 2012).
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 3
9
Introduction to Steel Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
Steel Construction Manual: The
manual is a book that contains
design aids and other valuable
information for the designer. The
specification and its commentary
are included in the manual in
Section 16.
AISCM Manual
AISCS Specification
10
Introduction to Steel Design
Design Philosophies:
There are two basic specification philosophies:
ASD Allowable Stress Design
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design
* LRFD is sometimes referred to as Limit States Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
11
Introduction to Steel Design
Define:
Limit State: Condition in which a structure or
component becomes unfit for service and is
judged either to be no longer useful for its
intended function (serviceability limit state) or to
have reached its ultimate load-carrying capacity
(strength limit state).
1.2 Design Specifications:
12
Introduction to Steel Design
For all specifications:
1.2 Design Specifications:
Loading s Resistance
Define:
Loading
Resistance
Safety of Factor =
= accounts for under-strength
and over loads
Basic Factor of Safety = 1.67 (determined by society)
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 4
13
Introduction to Steel Design
1.2 Design Specifications:
Define:
Loading
Resistance
Safety of Factor =
Basic Factor of Safety = 1.67 (determined by society)
Factor of Safety is direct in ASD
Factor of Safety is in two parts in LRFD:
Resistance Factor
Load Factor
14
Introduction to Steel Design
1.3 2005 and 2010 AISC Specifications
The 2005 AISCS was the first that combines ASD and
LRFD procedures. Previous to this specification, there
were separate ASD and LRFD specifications.
ASD (1989) LRFD (1999) ASD,LRFD ( , 2010 )
15
Introduction to Steel Design
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
ASD: General format for ASD
Required strength referred to as
a loading combination
where:
O
n
i
R
Q s
=
i
Q
=
O
n
R
Allowable strength
= i Load type
=
i
Q Nominal (service or working) load
=
n
R Nominal resistance
= O Factor of safety
16
Introduction to Steel Design
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
LRFD: General format for LRFD
Required strength, ,referred to
as a loading combination
where:
n u n i i
R R R Q s s | |
=
i i
Q
=
n
R | Allowable strength
= i Load type
=
i
Q Nominal (service or working) load
=
n
R Nominal resistance
Resistance factor corresponding to
n
R
=
i
Load factor corresponding to
i
Q
u
R
or
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 5
17
Introduction to Steel Design
|
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
LRFD Specification Basis:
LRFD is based on a probabilistic model. The load
factor, , and the resistance factor, , reflect the fact
that loads, load effects and resistances can be
determined only to imperfect degrees of accuracy.
takes into account variations in loading over the life
structure
takes into account:
|
i

1. unavoidable design model

2. variations in dimensions
3. variations in erected positions
inaccuracies
18
Introduction to Steel Design
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
LRFD Specification Basis:
Q,R
Frequency
Q: loading
R: resistance
failure
19
Frequency
mean
Introduction to Steel Design
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
LRFD Specification Basis:
o |
| = number of std. deviations
= reliability index
= 3.0 for members, 4.0 for conn.
o
= standard deviation
|
|

\
|
Q
R
ln
|
|

\
|
Q
R
ln
20
Introduction to Steel Design
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
Load Factors and Load Combinations for LRFD:
The load combinations for LRFD recognize that, when
several transient loads act in combination, only one
assumes its maximum lifetime value, based on a 50-
year recurrence, while the others are at their
arbitrary-point-in-time values.
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 6
21
Introduction to Steel Design
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
Load Factors and Load Combinations for LRFD:
u
R For LRFD, the required strength, , is determined
from the following factored combinations, which are
on p.2-8 of the Manual, and are based on ASCE-7
Section 2.3:
E . or W . D .
S . L . E . D .
R or S or L . L . W . D .
W . or L . R or S or L . D .
orR S or L . L . D .
D .
r
r
r
0 1 6 1 9 0
2 0 5 0 0 1 2 1
5 0 5 0 6 1 2 1
8 0 5 0 6 1 2 1
5 0 6 1 2 1
4 1

+ +
+ + +
+ +
+ +
22
Introduction to Steel Design
Load Factors and Load Combinations for LRFD:
Where:
load earthquake
load wind
rainwater to due load
Ecuador) in applicable (not snow
load live roof
occupacy to due load live
load dead
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
E
W
R
S
L
L
D
r
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
23
Introduction to Steel Design
Example 1:
The compression member shown in the
figure is subject to the following service
loads. Determine the controlling load
combination, and the corresponding
required strength.
D=115 kips
L= 60 kips
Lr= 23 kips
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
24
Introduction to Steel Design
Example 1:
kips . . .
R or S or L . L . W . D .
kips . . .
W . or L . R or S or L . D .
kips . . .
orR S or L . L . D .
kips .
D .
r
r
r
180 23 5 0 60 5 0 115 2 1
5 0 5 0 6 1 2 1
205 60 5 0 23 6 1 115 2 1
8 0 5 0 6 1 2 1
246 23 5 0 60 6 1 115 2 1
5 0 6 1 2 1
161 115 4 1
4 1
= + +
+ + +
= + +
+ +
= + +
+ +
=
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 7
25
Introduction to Steel Design
kips R
u
246 =
Example 1:
kips .
E . or W . D .
kips . .
S . L . E . D .
104 115 9 0
0 1 6 1 9 0
168 60 5 0 115 2 1
2 0 5 0 0 1 2 1
=

= +
+ +
Load combination 2 controls
Note that some of the load combinations can
be eliminated by inspection.
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
26
Introduction to Steel Design
Example 1:
Ru= 246 kips
1.3 2010 AISC Specification
27
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of shapes:
Hot-rolled
Built-up
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
a) H-shapes: could be W,M,S,HP
flange
web
28
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
plf .0 76 weight =
. in . d 9 23 =
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
a) H-shapes: could be W,M,S,HP
i) W-shapes, p. 1-10+
Example: W24x76 (W610x113)
Note that nominal depth and
actual depth are not the
same.
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 8
29
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
a) H-shapes: could be W,M,S,HP
ii) M-shapes, p.1-28+
Example: M4x6
iii) S-shapes, p.1-30+
Example: S12x40.8
plf .8 40 weight =
. in d 12 =
30
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
a) H-shapes: could be W,M,S,HP
iv) HP-shapes, p.1-32+
Example: HP12x84
b) Channels or C - or MC sections, p. 1-34+
Example: C12x50
MC 18x58
31
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
c) Angles, p.1-40+
Example: L8x8x5/8 equal-leg angle
L8x6x3/4 unequal-leg angle
toe
leg
toe
heel
32
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
d) Tee-sections, p.1-48+
Example: WT20x196 cut from a W40x392
stem
Also cut from M - and S - Shapes
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 9
33
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
e) Hollow Structural Sections (HSS), p.1-72+
Example: HSS 20x12x5/8 rectangular HSS
HSS 10.000x0.635 round HSS
34
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of hot-rolled shapes:
f) Pipe, p.1-99
Three types: strong, extra strong, and double-
extra strong
. in d 12 ~
Example: Pipe 12 x-Strong
35
LLBB SLBB
Gusset
Plate
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of built-up shapes:
a) Double angles, p.1-100+
LLBB: Long leg back to back
SLBB: Short leg back to back
2L8x6x LLBB
Example:
36
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of built-up shapes:
b) Double channels, p1-108+
x
y
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 10
37
Introduction to Steel Design
1.4 Structural Shapes:
Types of built-up shapes:
c) I Sections
Weld (
3
16
-
1
4
in.)
38
Introduction to Steel Design
1.5 Structural Steels:
High strength steel
Mild steel
F
F
o
y
o
u
o
c
39
yield plateau
E
strain
hardening
region
elastic
region
Introduction to Steel Design
1.5 Structural Steels:
y
c 15 12
y
o
u u y y
F , F = = o o
y
c
In the AISC Specification:
40
Introduction to Steel Design
1.5 Structural Steels:
ksi F
y
ksi F
u
Common structural steels used in buildings:
ASTM A36 36 58-65
ASTM A992 50 65
ASTM A572 Gr. 42 42 60
ASTM A572 Gr. 50 50 65
ASTM A572 Gr. 60 60 75
Steel
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 11
41
Introduction to Steel Design
1.5 Structural Steels:
Most common structural steels:
ASTM A36 for connection plates and angles
ASTM A992 for hot-rolled members
ASTM A572 Gr. 50 for plates used in built-up members
42
43 44
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 12
45
Tension Member Design
Types: a) Wire rope, bridge strand
b) Rods
Non-threaded (welded)
Threaded
Non-upset
Upset
2.1 Introduction:
46
c) Plates primarily splice plates
d) Single rolled members
splice plates
Tension Member Design
47
e) Built-up members
truss bottom chord
Tension Member Design
48
Limit States (Failure Modes):
Strength:

T
Serviceability:
rupture (Fu)
T
yielding (Fy)
i) slenderness i) yielding
ii) deflection at service loads ii) rupture
Tension Member Design
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 13
49
2.2 Design Criteria:
D1. Slenderness Limitations
D2. Tensile Strength
D3. Area Determination
D4. Built-up Members
D5. Pin-connected Members
D6. Eyebars
Chapter D applies to members subject to axial
tension caused by static forces acting through
the centroidal axis.
Tension Member Design
50
D1. Slenderness Limitations:
. ,
300
in
A
I
r
r
r
L
r
L
=
=
=
s
except rods (see user note)
slenderness ratio
radius of gyration
Tension Member Design
51
D2. Tensile Strength:
The design tensile strength, , of tension members,
shall be the lower value obtained according to the limit
states of tensile yielding in the gross section and tensile
rupture in the (effective) net section.
D2.(a) For tensile yielding in
the gross section:
g y n
A F P = 90 . 0 =
t
|
D2.(b) For tensile rupture in
the net section:
e u n
A F P = 75 . 0 =
t
|
n t
P |
n t u
P P | s
Tension Member Design
52
D3. Area Determination:
Ag = gross area
An = net area (gross area hole area)
B
B'
A
A'
Sec. A-A'
Gross Area (Ag)
Sec. B-B'
Net Area (An)
Tension Member Design
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 14
53
D3. Area Determination:
U=1.0 if all the elements in the section are connected
by bolts or welds. If one or more elements are not
connected, calculate U according Table D3.1
Ae = effective area
U = shear lag factor
U A A
n e
=
Tension Member Design
54
D3. Area Determination:
Tension Member Design
55
D3. Area Determination:
Tension Member Design
56
D3. Area Determination:
Tension Member Design
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 15
57
D3. Area Determination:
U accounts for unequal stress distribution in the
transverse section of the tension member. If the
section has unconnected elements, the effective area
is less than the net area (i.e. U<1.0).
All elements connected
U = 1.0 Ae = An
One element disconnected
U = 1- x / L Ae = UAn
Tension Member Design
58
Example:
Calculate the effective net area of the element shown
in the figure.
C4x5.4
. in d
. in . x
. in . t
in . A
b
w
g
4
3
2
457 0
184 0
58 1
=
=
=
=
u
T
Tension Member Design
59
Tension Member Design
Example:
* Standard hole
2
5
457 0
8
7
8
7
16
1
16
1
143 1
909 0 258 1
909 0 1
258 1
184 0 2 58 1
in . A
. . A
. U
. in . A
) . ( . A
. in * d ' d
e
e
.
n
n
b h
=
=
= =
=
=
= - - + + =
** Accounts for deformation during fabrication
60
Tension Member Design
More examples:
Connection eccentricity, : x
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 16
61
Tension Member Design
More examples:
u
T
Length of bolted connection:
u
T
62
More examples:
Length of welded connections:
Tension Member Design
u
T
u
T
63
Staggered Fasteners:
In a bolted connection, the reduction in the net area,
An, can be minimized if the bolts are staggered. The
net area is the minimum area calculated, following all
the possible paths where tension fracture can occur.
Tension Member Design
64
Staggered Fasteners:
A
A
B
B
C
C
min
=
n
A
long. spacing between
consecutive holes (pitch)
transv. spacing between
consecutive holes (gage)
number of diagonals (n=2
for the conn. shown)
area of one hole =
h
A
t
g
s
n A A A
A A A
A A A
h g C C
h g B B
h g A A
+ =
=
=

4
3
2
2
thickness of material at the hole
Tension Member Design
= s
= g
= n
= t
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 17
65
Example:
Calculate the net area of the element shown below.
A
C
C
A B
B
. in . r
. in . x
. in . g
. in . s
. in d
in . A
. in . t
. in . d
y
b
g
w
779 0
674 0
5 2
6 2
34 7
387 0
00 12
4
3
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
C12x25
Tension Member Design
"
8
5
2
"
2
1
2
66
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
16
1
16
1
4
3
52 6
71 6
387 0
5 2 4
625 2
4 339 0 5 34 7
52
387 0
5 2 4
625 2
2 339 0 4 34 7
66 6 339 0 2 34 7
339 0 387 0
in . A
in .
.
.
.
. . A
in .
.
.
.
. . A
in . . . A
in . . ' A
n
F E
B B
A A
h
=
=

+ =
6 =

+ =
= =
= + + =

Example:
Tension Member Design
A
C
C
A B
B
"
8
5
2
"
2
1
2
A
C-C
67
D4. Built-up Members:
300 s
<
z
z
y x z
r
L
r and r r
x
y
z
principal axes
For a single angle:
Tension Member Design
x
y
300
300
s
s
y
x
r
L
r
L
For two angles:
68
2.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 1:
Calculate the tension
design strength of the I-
shape shown in the figure.
W18x35
. 7 . 17
. 425 . 0
. 300 . 0
30 . 10
2
in d
in t
in t
in A
f
w
g
=
=
=
=
ASTM A992
ksi F
ksi F
u
y
65
50
=
=
critical section
Tension Member Design
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 18
69
Example 1:
425 0 4 30 10
0 1
75 0
8
7
8
7
16
1
16
1
4
3
. . A
. in d
. U
A U A
A F . P
n
' h
n e
e u n
=
= + + =
=
=
= |
kips .
. .
A F . P
g y n
50 463
30 10 50 90 0
90 0
=
=
= |
Rupture strength:
all elements connected
Tension Member Design
Yielding strength:
kips .
. . P
in . A A
n
n e
5 429
81 8 65 75 0
81 8
2
=
=
= =
|
70
Example 1:
Design strength:
kips . P
kips . P
kips . P P
n
rupture _ n
yielding _ n min n
5 429
5 429
5 463
=
=
= =
|
|
| |
rupture controls
Tension Member Design
71
Example 2:
A
C
C
A B
B
Determine if the element is adequate to resist the loads
shown and satisfies the deflection limit. The member
length is 15 ft.
C12x25, A36
(see previous example)
Tension Member Design
"
8
5
2
"
2
1
2
. in
kips L
kips D
L
16
3
105
50
s
=
=
A
. in . r
. in . x
in . A
in . A
y
n
g
779 0
674 0
52 6
34 7
2
2
=
=
=
=
72
Example 2:
Design strength:
Yielding strength:
kips
. .
A F . P
g y n
330
34 7 50 90 0
90 0
=
=
= |
Required strength:
kips
. .
L . D . P
u
228
105 6 1 50 2 1
6 1 2 1
=
+ =
+ =
By inspection the second load
combination controls
Tension Member Design
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 19
73
Example 2:
Design strength:
Rupture strength:
kips
. . P
in . . . A
.
.
.
L
x
U
A U A
A F . P
n
e
n e
e u n
269
19 6 58 75 0
19 6 52 6 95 0
95 0
625 2 5
674 0
1 1
75 0
2
=
=
= =
=

= =
=
=
|
|
Tension Member Design
74
Example 2:
the element can resist the applied loads
kips P
kips P
kips P P
n
rupture _ n
yielding _ n min n
269
269
330
=
=
= =
|
|
| |
rupture controls
kips P kips P
n u
269 228 = s = |
Tension Member Design
75
Example 2:
Slenderness limit:
300 231
779 0
12 15
s =

=
. r
L
y
OK
Tension Member Design
76
Example 2:
Deflection limit:
. in . . in .
. E A
L P
g
L
L
188 0 089 0
29000 34 7
12 15 105
16
3
= s =

= A
OK
C12x25, A36, is adequate
Tension Member Design
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 20
77
Tension Member Design
Workshop 1
78
79 80
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 21
81
Compression Member Design
Limit states: 1. Flexural (lateral) buckling
2. Flexural-torsional buckling
3. Torsional buckling
4. Local buckling
Lateral buckling Torsional buckling Lat.-tor. buckling
3.1 Introduction:
Web local buckling Flange local buckling
In this course we
will focus on limit
state 1. and define
limit state 4.
82
Compression Member Design
Ideal columns: Assumptions
3.2 Flexural Buckling:
1.Elastic:

2. Perfectly straight:
Pe
Pe
P
P
0
0
"
"
= +
= =
= E
y P y I E
y I E y P M
M
x
o
Eulers solution:
2
2
L
EI
P
e
t
=
83
Compression Member Design
2
r A I = now,

e
Eulers buckling
stress
2
2
L
EI
P
e
t
=
2
2
2
2 2
r
L
e
e
e
E
AL
EAr
A
P
t
o
t
o
=
= =
L/r
y
2
2
r
L
e
E t
o =
but steel yields
at some point
The result:
3.2 Flexural Buckling:
Ideal column behavior
L/r

y
84
Compression Member Design
Real columns:
T
C
C
3.2 Flexural Buckling:
1.Residual stresses due to manufacturing process:
actual line ref. line
rt
rc = 10 18 ksi
rt = tensile residual stresses
rc = compressive residual stresses
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 22
85
Compression Member Design
Real columns:
P
P
3.2 Flexural Buckling:
1.Residual stresses due to manufacturing process:
In stub columns:
y
y-rc
rc + P/A
Inelastic
Elastic

86
Compression Member Design
Real columns:
3.2 Flexural Buckling:
2. Out-of-straightness:
reference line real line
3. Other factors:
- end conditions
- unknown eccentricity
- out of plumbness
87
Compression Member Design
Design of real columns:
3.2 Flexural Buckling:
inelastic elastic
empirical curve
ideal curve
e
0.877e
r
L
o
y
o
88
Compression Member Design
Define:
3.3 Local Buckling:
member section
This section has
five elements
elements
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 23
89
Compression Member Design
Define:
3.3 Local Buckling:
unstiffened elements
(one end connected)
stiffened element
(both ends connected)
90
Compression Member Design
Define: There are two types of elements, stiffened and unstiffened
3.3 Local Buckling:
1 stiff. elmt. 4 unst.
2 unst. elmts. 3 unst. elmts. 4 stiff. elmts. 1 stiff. elmt. 2 unst.
7 stiff. elmt. 4 unst. 8 stiff. elmt. 4 unst.
91
Compression Member Design
Local buckling occurs when the cross section of a
compression member has elements so thin that they
buckle locally, with a lower load than the load required
to make the column buckle laterally.
3.3 Local Buckling:
local buckling flex. (overall) buckling
Only those members that
have thin (slender)
elements can buckle
locally. If there are not
slender elements, the
only failure mode is
overall buckling.
92
Compression Member Design
In an I-section member there are two types of local
buckling: flange local buckling and web local buckling.
3.3 Local Buckling:
Web local buckling (WLB) Flange local buckling (FLB)
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 24
93
Compression Member Design
3.3 Local Buckling:
Local slenderness ratio
A member can collapse because of local buckling if its section
has slender elements. The element slenderness ratio is
computed by dividing its length (b) by its thickness (t).
t
b
=
f
f
t
b
t
b
2
=
w
t
h
t
b
=
Example:
flange slenderness ratio
web slenderness ratio
94
Compression Member Design
More examples:
3.3 Local Buckling:
flanges:
web:
f
f
t
b
t
b
=
w
t
h
t
b
=
flanges:
t
b
t
b
=
t
h
t
b
=
legs:
t
b
t
b
=
flange:
stem:
f
f
t
b
t
b
=
w
t
d
t
b
=
95
Compression Member Design
3.3 Local Buckling:
Table B4.1 of the AISCs specification gives the limit r
for sections subject to compression. If the slenderness
ratio, b/t, is more than r, the element is considered
slender.
r
t
b
>
slender element
local buckling may occur
before flexural buckling
If
Note: A section is considered slender if one or more of its
elements are slender.
96
Compression Member Design
3.3 Local Buckling:
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 25
97
Compression Member Design
Determine if a W21x93, A992 is a slender section.
Example:
3 32
53 4
93 0
42 8
58 0
6 21
2
.
.
. in . t
. in . b
. in . t
. in . d
w
f
f
t
h
t
b
f
f
w
=
=
=
=
=
=
W21x93 ASTM A992
ksi F
ksi F
u
y
65
50
=
=
98
Compression Member Design
Example:
the flange is non-slender
Flange: From Table B4.1, Case 1:
5 13 5 4
5 4
93 0 2
42 8
2
5 13
50
29000
56 0 56 0
. .
.
.
.
t
b
t
b
.
.
F
E
.
f
f
y
r
<
=

= =
=
= =
99
Compression Member Design
Example:
Web: From Table B4.1, Case 5:
9 35 3 32
3 32
9 35
50
29000
49 1 49 1
. .
.
t
h
t
b
.
.
F
E
.
w
y
r
<
= =
=
= =
the web is non-slender
Neither the flanges nor the web are slender elements.
Therefore, the section is a non-slender section. Local
buckling will not control the design of this member.
100
Compression Member Design
Determine if the built-up section shown below is a
slender section. The material is A572 Gr. 50
Example:
. in . t
. in . b
. in . t
. in . h
. in . d
f
f
w
0 1
0 9
5 0
1 19
0 22
=
=
=
=
=
Section ASTM A572 Gr. 50
ksi F
ksi F
u
y
65
50
=
=
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 26
101
Compression Member Design
Example:
the flange is non-slender
Flange: From Table B4.1, Case 2:
<
=

= =
=

=
< <
= = =
=
4 12 5 4
5 4
0 1 2
9
2
4 12
50
29000 65 0
64 0
76 0 65 0 35 0
65 0
4 4
64 0
5 0
1 19
. .
.
. t
b
t
b
.
.
.
. . .
. k
F
E k
.
f
f
r
.
.
t
h
c
y
c
r
w

OK (footnote [a])
102
Compression Member Design
Example:
Web: From Table B4.1, Case 5:
9 35 2 38
2 38
50 0
1 19
9 35
50
29000
49 1 49 1
. .
.
.
.
t
h
t
b
.
.
F
E
.
w
y
r
>
= = =
=
= =
the web is slender
Since the web is slender, the section is slender. Local
buckling may occur prior to overall member buckling.
103
Compression Member Design
3.3 Design Criteria:
Chapter E addresses members subject to axial
compression through the centroidal axis.
E1. General Provisions
E2. Slenderness Limitations and Effective Length
E3. Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of
Members without Slender Elements
E4. Compressive Strength for Torsional and Flexural-
Torsional Buckling of Members without Slender
Elements
E5. Single Angle Compression Members
E6. Built-up Members
E7. Members with Slender Elements
104
Compression Member Design
E1. General Provisions:
The design compressive strength, |cPn, is determined as
follows:
The nominal compressive strength, Pn, shall be the
lowest value obtained according to the limit states of
flexural buckling (E3.), torsional buckling (E4.), and
flexural-torsional buckling (E4.).
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 27
105
Compression Member Design
E1. General Provisions:
(a) For doubly-symmetric and singly-symmetric
members the limit state of flexural buckling is
applicable.
(b) For singly-symmetric and unsymmetric members,
and certain doubly-symmetric members, such as
cruciform or built-up columns, the limit states of
torsional or flexural-torsional buckling are also
applicable.
90 . 0 =
c
|
For all limit states,
106
Compression Member Design
E2. Slenderness Limitations and Effective Length:
=
=
=
r
L
K
r
Slenderness limit:
effective length factor
laterally unbraced length of the member
governing radius of gyration
s

200
r
L K
recommended
107
Compression Member Design
E2. Slenderness Limitations and Effective Length:
108
Compression Member Design
E3. Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of
Members without Slender Elements:
g cr n
A F P =
=
cr
F flexural buckling stress
y
F
E
r
KL
71 . 4 s (a) When
y
F
F
cr
F F
e
y
(
(

= 658 . 0
y
F
E
r
KL
71 . 4 > (b) When
e cr
F F 877 . 0 =
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 28
109
Compression Member Design
E3. Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of
Members without Slender Elements:
elastic critical buckling stress
(Eulers buckling stress).
2
2
|

\
|
=
r
KL
E
F
e
t
=
e
F
110
Compression Member Design
Elastic
region
Inelastic
region
E3. Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of
Members without Slender Elements:
2
2
|

\
|
=
r
KL
E
F
e
t
e cr
F F 877 . 0 =
200 r
KL
y
F 444 . 0
y
F y
F
F
cr
F F
e
y
(
(

= 658 . 0
y
F
E
71 . 4
cr
F
111
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 1:
Determine the available strength, , of a W14x99.
A992 steel.
n c
P |
n c
P |
Properties:
W14x99
5 23
34 9
71 3
17 6
1 29
2
2
.
.
. in . r
. in . r
in . A
w
f
f
t
h
t
b
y
x
g
=
=
=
=
=
112
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 1:
5 13
50
29000
56 0 34 9
2
. . .
t
b
f
f
= < =
Overall slenderness:
5 . 31
71 . 3
12 75 . 9 0 . 1
0 . 19
17 . 6
12 75 . 9 0 . 1
=

=
=

=
y
y y
x
x x
r
L K
r
L K
controls
Element slenderness:
Flange:
9 35
50
29000
49 1 5 23 . . .
t
h
w
= < =
Web:
The section is non-slender
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 29
113
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 1:
:
n c
P |
> = 5 . 31 113
50
29000
71 . 4
we are in the
inelastic zone
ksi F
ksi
E
F
F F
cr
r
KL
e
y
F
F
cr
e
y
5 . 46 50 658 . 0
288
5 . 31
29000
658 . 0
288
50
2
2
2
2
=
|
|

\
|
=
= = =
|
|

\
|
=
t t
kips
. . .
A F . P
g cr n c
1217
1 29 5 46 9 0
9 0
=
=
= |
114
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 1:
:
n c
P |
Notice that . Table 4-22 lists for
various values.
From Table 4-22, with and :
kips P
P
ksi F
n c
n c
cr c
1218
1 . 29 85 . 41
85 . 41
=
=
=
|
|
|
y r
KL
cr c
F f F , = |
cr c
F |
y
F
ksi F
y
50 = 5 . 31 =
r
KL
115
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 1:
:
n c
P |
116
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
Determine the available strength, , of a W12x65,
braced at mid-height as shown below. Use A992 steel.
n c
P |
n c
P |
Properties:
W12x65
9 . 24
92 . 9
. 02 . 3
. 28 . 5
1 . 19
2
2
=
=
=
=
=
w
f
f
t
h
t
b
y
x
g
in r
in r
in A
n c
P |
' 26 =
x x
L K ' 13 =
y y
L K
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 30
117
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
Check local slenderness:
5 13 92 9
5 13
50
29000
56 0
56 0
92 9
2
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
t
b
t
b
y
r
f
f
<
= =
=
= =

r
t
b
s If the section is non-slender
Flange:
9 35 9 24
9 35
50
29000
49 1
49 1
9 24
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
t
h
t
b
y
r
w
<
= =
=
= =

Table B4.1 Case 3

Case 10
Web:
this section will not fail
by local buckling
118
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
Flexural buckling:
7 51
02 3
12 13 0 1
1 59
28 5
12 26 0 1
.
.
.
r
L K
.
.
.
r
L K
y
y y
x
x x
=

=
=

= controls
1 . 59 =
r
KL
ksi F
cr c
87 . 34 = | with from Table 4-22
kips P
P
n c
n c
666
1 . 19 87 . 34
=
=
|
|
119
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Select the lightest W14 section if Pu = 480 kips. The
member length is 12 ft and both ends are pinned. The
member material is A992.
Assume
. 45 . 2
9 . 17
2
in r
in A
y
g
=
=
. 92 . 1
6 . 15
2
in r
in A
y
g
=
=
80 =
r
KL
; from Table 4-22 ksi F
cr c
2 . 28 = |

= =

=
=

=
0 . 17
2 . 28
480
80 . 1
80
) 12 12 ( 0 . 1
cr c
u
g
y
F
P
A
r
|
with these values, the
possible sections are:
W14x61
W14x53
120
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Try the W14x53 section:
0 . 75
92 . 1
12 12 0 . 1
=

=
r
KL
; from Table 4-22
ksi F
cr c
8 . 29 = |
kips P kips P
A F P
u n c
g cr c n c
480 465
6 . 15 8 . 29
= < =
= =
|
| |
N.G.
Try the W14x61 section:
; from Table 4-22
ksi F
cr c
8 . 32 = |
kips P kips P
A F P
u n c
g cr c n c
480 587
9 . 17 8 . 32
= > =
= =
|
| |
OK
8 . 58
45 . 2
12 12 0 . 1
=

=
r
KL
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 31
121
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Check local buckling:
5 . 13 75 . 7
5 . 13
50
29000
56 . 0
56 . 0
75 . 7
2
<
= =
=
= =
r
y
r
f
f
F
E
t
b
t
b

Flange:
9 . 35 4 . 30
9 . 35
50
29000
49 . 1
49 . 1
4 . 30
<
= =
=
= =
r
y
r
w
F
E
t
h
t
b

Table B4.1 Case 3 Case 10

Web:
this section will not fail by
local buckling
Use W14x61, A992
122
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
Select a W12 , A992 if the required strength is 745 kips.
The column details are shown below.
kips P
u
745 =
' 24 =
x x
L K ' 18 =
y y
L K
kips P
u
745 =
123
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
Assume y-direction controls,
. 88 . 2
75
18 12
in r
y
=

=
. 07 . 3
. 38 . 5
6 . 25
2
in r
in r
in A
y
x
g
=
=
=
y
y y
r
L K
75 =

y
y y
r
L K
; from Table 4-22
ksi F
cr c
8 . 29 = |
Assume
2
0 . 25
8 . 29
745
in A
g
= =
Required ; Required
Try W12x87:
124
Compression Member Design
5 . 53
07 . 3
12 24 0 . 1
=

=
x
x x
r
L K
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
Check assumptions done before:
kips P kips P
P
A F P
u n c
n c
g cr c n c
745 801
6 . 25 3 . 31
= > =
=
=
|
|
| |
3 . 70
07 . 3
12 18 0 . 1
=

=
y
y y
r
L K
; from Table 4-22
ksi F
cr c
3 . 31 = |
3 . 70
07 . 3
12 18 0 . 1
=

=
y
y y
r
L K
OK
OK
>
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 32
125
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
Check slenderness:
Use W12x87, A992
8 . 35 9 . 18
4 . 13 5 . 7
2
= < =
= < =
r
w
r
f
f
t
h
t
b

OK
OK
126
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 5:
Find
n c
P | for the section shown below. The material is A36.
n c
P |
9
8
3
x PL
9
8
3
x
PL
12
16
5
x PL
127
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 5:
Check slenderness:
Web: Flange:
<
=

=
< = = =

=
=

=
6 14 0 12
6 14
36
29000 65 0
64 0
76 0 65 0
4 4
64 0
0 12
2
9
2
16
5
12
8
3
. .
.
.
.
. . k
F
E k
.
.
t
b
r
tw
h
c
y
c
r
f
f

<
= =
=
= =
3 42 4 38
3 42
36
29000
49 1
49 1
4 38
12
16
5
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
t
h
y
r
w

Table B4.1 Case 4 Case 10

OK
OK
128
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 5:
Section properties:
Need
. in .
.
.
A
I
r
in .
I
in . A
y
y
y
g
08 2
5 10
6 45
6 45
12
12
1
9
12
1
2
5 10 12 9 2
4
3
16
5
3
8
3
2
16
5
8
3
= = =
=
+ |

\
|
=
= + =
: ,
y g
r A
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 33
129
Compression Member Design
3.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 5:
Flexural buckling:
kips .
. .
A F P
g cr c n c
0 230
5 10 9 21
=
=
=| |
5 . 86
08 . 2
12 15 0 . 1
=

=
y
y y
r
L K
; from Table 4-22 ksi F
cr c
9 . 21 = |
130
Compression Member Design
Workshop 2
131 132
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 34
133
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.1 Overview:
Define: Laterally supported beam
Pu
Lateral supports
Pu
Pu
The beam can deflect vertically, but
rotation and horizontal displacement
are prevented by lateral supports
Deflection
Rotation
and
H. disp.
y
A
134
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.1 Overview:
Define: Laterally unsupported beam
The beam deflects vertically, has a
horizontal displacement, and rotates
Pu x
A
y
A
|
135
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.1 Overview:
Laterally supported beam design study
Topic Section
- Bending strength 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4
- Shear strength 4.5
- Deflection limits 4.6
- Web crippling strength 4.7
- Web yielding strength 4.7
- Beam bearing plate strength 4.8
136
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.1 Overview:
Laterally supported beam design study
Shear strength
u
V
u
M
Bending strength Deflection limits
A
n v u
V V | s
n b u
M M | s
max
A s A
u
q
arrugamiento
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 35
137
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.1 Overview:
Laterally supported beam design study
Web crippling Web yielding Beam bearing plate strength
u
q
n u
R R s |
n u
R R s |
n u
R R s |
yielding here
u
R
u
R
u
R
138
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.2 Bending Theory:
Assumptions:
a) Plane sections remain plane
b) The member is prismatic
c) The material is elastic perfectly plastic
y
o
y
c
c
139
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.2 Bending Theory:
Strain
Stress
y
c c <
y
c c =
y
c c >
y
c c >>
y
o o <
y
o
y
o
y
o
y
o
140
Beams - Laterally Supported
C
L
4.2 Bending Theory:
Plastic moment
Moment at 1
st
yield
max
M
p
M
y
M
A
EI
wL
CL
384
5
4
= A
CL
A
=
y
M
=
p
M
w
Fluye toda la
seccin
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 36
141
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.2 Bending Theory:
max
o
Review of Elastic Beam Theory:
Stress Strain
e.n.a.
e.n.a.= elastic neutral axis
I
y M
I
y M
M
a n e
max
max
. . .
0

=
= E
o
o
142
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.2 Bending Theory:
max
y
I
S =
Define:
2
d
x
x
I
S =
S = elastic section module
For H and C shapes:
2
f
b
y
y
I
S =
For T shapes:
Review of Elastic Beam Theory:
143
Ac
At
Ty
Cy
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
y
o
y
o
p.n.a. = plastic neutral axis
p
M
c
y
t
y
p.n.a
2
0
A
A A
A A
T C
F
t c
t y c y
y y
= =
=
=
=
o o
one half of the area is above
and below the p.n.a
144
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
i i x
y A Z =
=
=
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
=
=
x
x y p
i i y p
t t c c y p
t y t c y c p
t y c y p
t y c y p
a n p
Z
Z M
y A M
y A y A M
y A y A M
y T y C M
y T y C M
M
o
o
o
o o
0
. . .
plastic section modulus
with respect to p.n.a.
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 37
145
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
x
x
x y
x y
y
p
S
Z
S
Z
M
M
f
f
= = =
=
o
o
x y r
x y p
x y y
S F . M
Z M
S M
7 0 =
=
=
o
o
shape factor
Definitions:
plastic section modulus
elastic section modulus
Define:
=
=
=
=
=
x
x
r
p
y
Z
S
M
M
M
plastic moment
yield moment
first yield moment
146
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
= f shape factor
Define:
The shape factor is a measure of the remaining
bending strength beyond the yield moment.
C
L
y
M
p
M
max
M
A
reserve strength
147
ft kips
.
S M
in . S
in
.
I
I
S
x y y
x
x
d
x
x
=

= =
=
+
=
=

+
(
(

\
|
+ |

\
|
+

=
=
196
12
2 65 36
2 65
587
587
12
17
4
1
2
17
6
2
1
12
5 0 6
2
3
2
1
2
17
4
3
16
5
2
3
2
o
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
f
Example 1:
Find ,and for strong axis bending. The
member material is A36.
p y
M M ,
P
L
1
2
x 6
P
L
1
2
x 6
P
L
5
16
x 17
148
15 1
196
225
225
36
1 75
4
17
2
17
16
5
4
1
2
17
6
2
1
2
12
1 75
3
. f
M
M
f
ft kips
Z M
in .
y A Z
y
p
.
x y p
i i x
=
= =
=
= =
=
(

+ |

\
|
+ |

\
|
=
=
o
Beams - Laterally Supported
p.n.a.
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
Example 1:
with respect to p.n.a.
C
L
15%
y
M
p
M
max
M
A
tiene quever con
los esfuerzos
residuales entre 10
y 18 ksi
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 38
149
kips ft M
S M
in
I
S
in I
y
y y y
b
y
y
y
f
=

= =
= = =
=

+
|
|

\
|
=
0 . 18
12
0 . 6 36
00 . 6
3
0 . 18
0 . 18
12
17
12
6 5 . 0
2
3
2
4
3
16
5
3
o
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
f
Example 2:
Compute ,and for the previous section
with respect to y-axis.
p y
M M ,
P
L
1
2
x 6
P
L
1
2
x 6
P
L
5
16
x 17
x
y
150
53 . 1
0 . 18
6 . 27
6 . 27
36
21 . 9
2
17
2
2 3 5 . 0
2
12
21 . 9
2
32
5
2
=
= =
=
= =
=
(

+

=
=
f
M
M
f
ft kips M
Z M
Z
y A Z
y
p
p
y y p
y
i i y
o
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.3 Calculation of Plastic Moment Capacity:
Example 2:
with respect to y-p.n.a.
y
M
p
M
max
M
C
L
53%
A
151
7 0
7 0
.
S F . M
x y r
=
C
L
slender
non-compact
compact
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.1 Basic Beam Behavior and Response Curve:
p
M
r
M
max
M
A
x y p
Z F M =
accounts for
residual stresses
local buckling
y
M
=
y
M yield moment
=
r
M moment at first yielding
152
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.1 Basic Beam Behavior and Response Curve:
p
M
r
M
n
M
p

Types of elements :
a) compact
b) non-compact
c) slender
General response curve
compact
element
non-compact
element
slender
element
straight line
hyperbola
r

t
b
=
tipos de secciones
para vigas
esbeltez
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 39
153
Beams - Laterally Supported
Define:
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
r
r p
p



>
s <
s
If
If
If
compact element
non-compact element
slender element
Section Elements
=
=
f
w

web slenderness ratio

flange slenderness ratio
154
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Table B4.1 indicates
the limits p and r to
determine the type of
element within a
section
155
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
n b u
M M | s
Design criterion:
90 . 0 =
b
|
=
u
M Required flexural strength (from moment diagram)
=
n
M
Nominal flexural strength (Chapter F specification)
, in a laterally supported beam, is function of the type
of elements (compact, non-compact, slender) within the
section
n
M
156
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
, compact flange and compact web:
n
M
Compact web:
y
pw
w
w
F
E
t
h
76 . 3 = s =
Compact flange:
y
pf
f
f
f
F
E
t
b
38 . 0
2
= s =
x y p n
Z F M M = =
Table B4.1 Case 15
(rolled and built-up section)
Table B4.1 cases 10 and 11
(rolled and built-up section)
AISCS (F2-1)
Un elemento
rigidizado y 4
sin rigidizar
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 40
157
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
, non-compact flange and compact web:
n
M
Non-compact flange:
rf f pf
s <
Table B4.1 Case 10
(rolled section)
y L
t
h
c
L
c
rf
y
rf
F . F
. k .
F
E k
.
F
E
.
w
7 0
76 0
4
35 0
95 0
0 1
=
s = s

=
=

Table B4.1 Case 11

(built-up section)
Table B4.1 footnote (a)
Table B4.1 footnote (b)
158
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
, non-compact flange and compact web:
n
M
Notice that:
|
|

\
|

=
pf rf
pf f
x y p p n
S F . M M M


7 0
x y r
S F . M 7 0 =
AISCS (F3-1)
159
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
, slender flange and compact web:
n
M
rf f
>
AISCS (F3-2)
2
9 . 0
f
x c
n
S Ek
M

=
160
Beams - Laterally Supported
p
M
r
M
n
M
pf

Summary for beams with compact webs:

compact
flange
non-compact
flange
slender
flange
rf

f
f
t
b
f 2
2
=
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
x y
Z F
|
|

\
|

pf rf
pf f
x y p p
S F M M


75 . 0
2
9 . 0
f
x c
S Ek

Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I

CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 41
161
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 3:
Compute for a W21x68. The member material is A992.
n b
M |
W21x68
3
3
2
160
140
6 . 43
04 . 6
in Z
in S
x
x
t
h
t
b
f
f
=
=
=
=
162
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 3:
Check slenderness:
web:
<
= = =
= =
6 . 90 6 . 43
6 . 90
50
29000
76 . 3 76 . 3
6 . 43
y
p
w
w
F
E
t
h

flange:
<
= = =
= =
15 . 9 04 . 6
15 . 9
50
29000
38 . 0 38 . 0
04 . 6
2
y
p
f
f
f
F
E
t
b

ft kips . Z F . M
x y n b
= |

\
|
= = 600
12
160 50
9 0 9 0 | Design strength:
compact web compact flange
163
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 4:
Compute for a W14x90. The member material is A992.
n b
M |
W14x90
3
3
2
157
143
9 . 25
2 . 10
in Z
in S
x
x
t
h
t
b
f
f
=
=
=
=
164
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 4:
Check slenderness:
web:
<
= = =
= =
6 . 90 9 . 25
6 . 90
50
29000
76 . 3 76 . 3
9 . 25
y
p
w
w
F
E
t
h

flange:
< <
= = =
= = =
= =
1 . 24 2 . 10 15 . 9
1 . 24
50
29000
0 . 1 0 . 1
15 . 9
50
29000
38 . 0 38 . 0
2 . 10
2
y
r
y
p
f
f
f
F
E
F
E
t
b

compact web
non-compact flange
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 42
165
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 4:
Design Strength:
ft kips
. .
. .
. M
ft kips . S F . M
ft kips Z F M
S F . M M . M
n b
x y r
x y p
pf rf
pf f
x y p p n b
=
(

\
|

=
= = =
= = =
(
(

|
|

\
|

=
574
15 9 0 24
15 9 2 10
417 654 654 9 0
417
12
143
50 7 0 7 0
654
12
157
50
75 0 9 0
|


|
166
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 5:
Compute for a section shown below. The member
material is A572 Gr. 50.
n b
M |
Properties:
3
3
3 2
3 3
113 5 . 4 9 25 . 0 2 25 . 9 10 5 . 0 2
103
5 . 9
977
977 25 . 9 10 5 . 0
12
5 . 0 10
2
12
18 25 . 0
in y A Z
in
c
I
S
in I
i i x
x
x
x
= + = =
= = =
=
(

=
PL
1
2 x 10
PL
1
2 x 10
PL
1
4 x 18
167
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 5:
Check slenderness:
web:
<
= = =
= = =
6 . 90 72
6 . 90
50
29000
76 . 3 76 . 3
72
25 . 0
18
y
p
w
w
F
E
t
h

compact web
168
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 5:
Check slenderness:
76 0 471 0
4 4
15 9
50
29000
38 0 38 0
10
5 0 2
10
2
25 0
18
. . k
. .
F
E
.
. t
b
. t
h
c
y
p
f
f
f
w
< = = =
= = =
=

= =

non-compact
flange
flange:
< <
=

=
=
8 18 0 10 15 9
8 18
50 7 0
29000 471 0
95 0
95 0
. . .
.
.
.
.
F
E k
.
L
c
r

Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I

CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 43
169
ft kips
. .
.
. M
ft kips . S F . M
ft kips Z F M
M M M . M
n b
x y r
x y p
pf rf
pf f
r p p n b
=
(

\
|

=
= |

\
|
= =
= = =
(
(

|
|

\
|

=
410
15 9 8 18
15 9 10
300 471 471 9 0
300
12
103
50 7 0 7 0
471
12
113
50
9 0
|


|
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.2 Strong Axis Bending of H-Shapes:
Example 5:
Design Strength:
170
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.3 Weak Axis Bending:
Web local buckling is not a limit state
Flange local buckling is the same as strong axis bending
e.n.a=p.n.a.
y
o
y
o
171
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Select the lightest H-shape if Mu = 305 kips-ft, A992.
u x y n b
M Z F M > = 9 . 0 |
3
3 . 81
50 9 . 0
12 305
9 . 0
in
F
M
Z
y
u
required
=

= =
Example 6:
Lets assume that the section is compact
From Manual Table 3-2, two possible options are:
W16x45
W10x68
3
3 . 82 in Z
x
=
3
3 . 85 in Z
x
=
The W16x45 (45plf) is the best option
since it is lighter than the W10x68
(68plf). Need to check compactness.
172
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 6:
primera fluencia
Plastico
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 44
173
<
= = =
= =
15 9 23 6
15 9
50
29000
38 0 38 0
23 6
2
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
t
b
y
p
f
f
f

Beams - Laterally Supported

4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 6:
Use W16x45
Check slenderness:
web:
<
= = =
= =
6 90 1 41
6 90
50
29000
76 3 76 3
1 41
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
t
h
y
p
w
w

flange:
compact web compact flange
174
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 7:
Design a H-shape for the beam shown below. Use A992.
self-weight
kips P kips P
L D
30 , 10 = =
4
PL
8
2
wL
u
M

175
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 7:
Factored load and moment:
max
.4 1.4 10 14
1.2 1.6 1.2 10 1.6 30 60
D
u
D L
P kips
P
P P kips
1 = =
=
+ = + =
Estimate the beam weight = 60 plf plf w
u
72 60 2 . 1 = =
ft kips
.
M
u
= + =

=
304 4 300
8
20 072 0
4
20 60
2
176
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 7:
Assume the section is compact:
Estimate the beam section:
3
1 81
50 9 0
12 304
9 0
in .
. F .
M
Z
y
u
d ' req
=

= =
. 25 . 0
. 5 . 0
. 8
in t
in t
in b
w
f
f
=
=
=
PL
1
2 x 8
PL
1
4 x 2y
PL
1
2 x 8
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 45
177
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 7:
Determine the minimum web height:
. in . . d
. in . y . in . y
y . . y . .
y A . Z
y
i i x
0 17 5 0 2 8 2
00 8 9 7
25 0 25 0 5 0 8 2 1 81
6 81
2
= + =
= =
+ + =
= =
< =

>
>
. in . in
L
d
17 10
24
12 20
24
Rule of thumb
OK
PL
1
2 x 8
PL
1
4 x 2y
PL
1
2 x 8
178
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 7:
Check slenderness:
<
=
= =
=

= =
6 90 0 64
6 90
50
29000
76 3 76 3
64
25 0
1 17
. .
.
.
F
E
.
. t
h
y
p
w
w

<
=
= =
=

= =
15 9 0 8
15 9
50
29000
38 0 38 0
0 8
5 0 2
8
2
. .
.
.
F
E
.
.
. t
b
y
p
f
f
f

compact, OK
web:
compact, OK
flange:
179
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 7:
Check beam weight assumption:
< =
= =
=
+ =
plf plf .
A w
in A
. . A
g
g
g
60 8 40
12
12
490
12
25 0 16 5 0 8 2
2
2
o
OK
180
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 7:
Use PLx8 for the flanges and
PLx16 for the web, A992
P
L
1
2
x 8
P
L
1
4
x 16
P
L
1
2
x 8
(must check shear and deflection)
Para una primera
aproximacin se puede
despreciar el peso propio,
ya definido se comprueba
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 46
181
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 8:
Design the filler beams for the bay shown in the figure. Use
A572 Gr. 60.
Live load = 100 psf
Slab + deck = 107 psf
Mech. = 5 psf
Ceiling = 3 psf
Miscellaneous = 2 psf
Dead load = 117 psf
182
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 8:
Factored load and moment:
ft kips
L w
M
plf L D
plf D
w
plf w
plf w
u
u
u
L
D
=

= =
= + = +
= =
=
= =
= + =
153
8
20 064 . 3
8
3064 1000 6 . 1 1220 2 . 1 6 . 1 2 . 1
1708 1220 4 . 1 4 . 1
1000 100 10
1220 50 117 10
2 2
max
Assume beam weight = 50 plf:
the beam self-weight
is 5% of the dead load
183
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 8:
Assume the section is compact:
Estimate the beam section:
3
'
0 . 34
60 9 . 0
12 153
9 . 0
in
F
M
Z
y
u
d req
=

= =
. 25 . 0
. 375 . 0
. 6
in t
in t
in b
w
f
f
=
=
=
PL
3
8 x 6
PL
1
4 x 2y
PL
3
8 x 6
184
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 8:
Determine the minimum web height:
. 25 . 12
. 75 . 5 . 62 . 5
25 . 0 375 . 0 6 2 0 . 34
0 . 34
2 2
375 . 0
in d
in y in y
y y
y A Z
y
i i x
=
= =
+ + =
= =
< = >
>
. in . . in
ft
L
d
ft
. in
25 12 10
2
20
2
rule of thumb
OK
PL
3
8 x 6
PL
1
4 x 2y
PL
3
8 x 6
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 47
185
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 8:
Check slenderness:
<
=
= =
=

= =
6 90 0 46
6 90
50
29000
76 3 76 3
46
25 0
2 75 5
. .
.
.
F
E
.
.
.
t
h
y
p
w
w

<
=
= =
=

= =
15 9 0 8
15 9
50
29000
38 0 38 0
0 8
375 0 2
6
2
. .
.
.
F
E
.
.
. t
b
y
p
f
f
f

compact, OK
web:
compact, OK
flange:
186
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 8:
Check beam weight assumption:
< =
= =
=
+ =
plf plf w
A w
in A
A
g
g
g
50 1 . 25
12
38 . 7
490
38 . 7
25 . 0 75 . 5 2 375 . 0 6 2
2
2
o
OK
187
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.4 Flexural Design of Beams:
4.4.4 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 8:
Use PL3/8x6 for the flanges and
PLx11 for the web, A572 Gr.60
P
L
3
8
x 6
P
L
1
4
x 11
1
2
P
L
3
8
x 6
(must check shear and deflection)
188
Beams - Laterally Supported
Workshop 3
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 48
189
Beams - Laterally Supported
V
4.5 Shear Strength:
Limit states:
max
t
It
VQ
= t
Design approximation:
a) Shear Yielding
b) Shear Buckling
Shear stress:
w w
t d
V
A
V

= =
max
t
Shear yield stress:
y
y
y
o
o
t 577 . 0
3
= =
Von Misses
theory of failure
y y
F 6 . 0 = t
for design
190
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.1 Design Criteria:
Chapter G addresses webs of singly- or doubly-
symmetric members subject to shear in the plane
of the web, single angles and HSS sections, and
shear in the weak direction of singly or doubly
symmetric shapes.
n v u
V V | s 90 . 0 =
v
|
191
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.1 Design Criteria:
AISCS section G2.1:
v w y n
C A F V 6 . 0 =
for shear yielding:
for shear buckling:
AISCS (G2-1)
0 . 1 =
v
C
0 . 1 <
v
C
192
inelastic
buckling
elastic
buckling
G2-4
G2-5
yielding
G2-3
1.0
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.1 Design Criteria:
AISCS section G2.1:
is a function of
w
web
t
h
=
v
C
w
t
h
v
C
y
v
F
E k
.10 1
y
v
F
E k
.37 1
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 49
193
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.1 Design Criteria:
AISCS section G2.1:
w
y
v
v
y
v
w y
v
v
y
v
w
t h
F
E k
C
F
E k
t
h
F
E k
C
F
E k
t
h
10 . 1
37 . 1 10 . 1
0 . 1
10 . 1
=
s <
=
s For
For
AISCS (G2-3)
AISCS (G2-4)
194
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.1 Design Criteria:
AISCS section G2.1:
y t
h
v
v
w y
v
F
k E
C
t
h
F
E k
w
2
51 . 1
37 . 1

=
< For
AISCS (G2-5)
stiffeners
For sections without
stiffeners, 5 =
v
k
195
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.1 Design Criteria:
AISCS section G2.1:
: 24 . 2
y w
F
E
t
h
s
0 . 1 =
v
|
Special case:
For hot-rolled sections with
v w y n
C A F V 6 . 0 = 0 . 1 =
v
C
Note: Shear will only control for large loads and short
spans.
196
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.2 Design Examples:
Example 9:
Determine if W18x71, A992, is adequate for shear.
kips P
u
170 =
kips 5 . 42 kips 5 . 127
5 . 127
5 . 42
) (kips V
u
W18x71
4 . 32
. 495 . 0
. 5 . 18
=
=
=
w
w
t
h
in t
in d
Neglect the beam weight
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 50
197
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.2 Design Examples:
Example 9:
0 . 1 0 . 1
9 . 53 4 . 32
9 . 53
50
29000
24 . 2 24 . 2
4 . 32
6 . 0
5 . 127
= =
<
= =
=
=
=
v v
y
w
v w y n v
u
C
F
E
t
h
C A F V
kips V
|
| |
>
=
=
=
kips . kips .
kips .
. . . . .
. t d F . . V
w y n v
5 127 7 274
7 274
0 1 495 0 5 18 50 6 0 0 1
0 1 6 0 0 1 |
OK
special case
198
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.2 Design Examples:
Example 10:
Determine in the following shape. The material is
A572 Gr. 50.
n v
V |
P
L
3
4
x 6
P
L
3
4
x 6
P
L
1
4
x 16
199
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.5 Shear Strength:
4.5.2 Design Examples:
Example 10:
8 . 73
50
29000 5
37 . 1 37 . 1
2 . 59
50
29000 5
1 . 1 1 . 1
5
64
16
6 . 0 9 . 0
4
1
=

=
= =
= =
y
v
y
v
v
w
v w y n v
F
E k
F
E k
k
t
h
C A F V |
kips
. . . . . V
.
.
F
E k
.
C
. .
n v
t
h
y
v
v
w
109
925 0 5 17 25 0 50 6 0 9 0
925 0
64
2 59
1 1
8 73 64 2 59
=
=
= = =
< <
|
unstiffened webs
inelastic shear
buckling
200
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.6 Serviceability Considerations:
Chapter L addresses serviceability performance
design requirements.
L1. General Provisions
L2. Camber
L3. Deflections
L4. Drift
L5. Vibration
L6. Wind-Induced Motion
L7. Expansion and Contraction
L8. Connection Slip
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 51
201
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.6 Serviceability Considerations:
Deflections:
Deflections in structural members and structural
systems under appropriate service load combinations
should not impair the serviceability of the structure.
Empirical Rules:
2
240 360
L
d . ii
span
,
span
. i
L L
>
s s A A (floors) (roofs)
d = depth of the beam
L = length of the beam
202
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.6 Serviceability Considerations:
Vibrations:
203
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.6 Serviceability Considerations:
Example 11:
a) Check of filler beams.
L
A
W16x26
4
301in I
x
=
<
=

=
=


= = A
= =
=
. 667 . 0 . 412 . 0
. 667 . 0
360
12 20
360
. 412 . 0
301 29000 384
1728 20 0 . 1 5
384
5
0 . 1 10 100
100
4 4
in in
in
L
in
EI
L w
klf ft plf w
psf L
L
L
L
OK
204
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.6 Serviceability Considerations:
Example 11:
b) Compute due to concrete, deck, and beam.
C
A
. 45 . 0
00 . 1
10 . 1
412 . 0
10 . 1 26 10 107
26
107
in
klf w
plf
psf
c
c
= |

\
|
= A
= + =
=
=
For a beam to be cambered,
slab + deck
beam
camber must be .
4
3
in >
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 52
205
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
Reactions
Load bearing on flange
failure failure
*Concentrated Loads
206
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
yielding
here
design
y w y n
n u
k k
F t N k F A R
R R
=
+ = =
=
s
5 . 2
0 . 1
1
|
|
Web Yielding (J10.2):
AISCS (J10-3)
Exterior:
1
s
207
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
design
w y n
n u
k k
t F N k R
R R
=
+ =
=
s
5
0 . 1 |
|
Web Yielding (J10.2):
AISCS (J10-2)
Interior:
>
208
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
75 . 0 =
s
|
|
n u
R R
Web Crippling (J10.3):
local
buckling
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 53
209
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
w
f y
f
w
w n
t
t EF
t
t
d
N
t R
(
(

|
|

\
|
|

\
|
+ =
5 . 1
2
3 1 8 . 0
Web Crippling (J10.3):
>
Interior loads:
210
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
w
f y
f
w
w n
w
f y
f
w
w n
t
t EF
t
t
d
N
t R
d
N
t
t EF
t
t
d
N
t R
d
N
(
(

|
|

\
|
|

\
|
+ =
>
(
(

|
|

\
|
|

\
|
+ =
s
5 . 1
2
5 . 1
2
2 . 0
4
1 4 . 0
: 2 . 0
3 1 4 . 0
: 2 . 0
Web Crippling (J10.3):
<
Exterior loads:
Two cases:
211
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
n u
R R > |
If , install bearing stiffeners:
2
d
>
212
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
n
R | Determine and if bearing stiffeners are required.
kips P
u
150 =
Example 12:
W16x26, A992
. 747 . 0
. 250 . 0
. 345 . 0
. 7 . 15
in k
in t
in t
in d
design
w
f
=
=
=
=
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 54
213
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
d >
Web yielding:
Example 12:
from the end of the beam:
> =
+ =
+ =
kips kips R
R
t F N k R
n
n
w y n
150 153
250 . 0 50 5 . 8 747 . 0 5 0 . 1
5
|
|
| |
OK
No stiffeners required
214
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
2
d
>
Web crippling:
Example 12:
from the end of the beam:
< =

(
(

\
|
|

\
|
+ =
(
(

|
|

\
|
|

\
|
+ =
kips kips R
R
t
t EF
t
t
d
N
t R
n
n
w
f y
f
w
w n
150 106
25 . 0
345 . 0 50 29000
345 . 0
25 . 0
7 . 15
5 . 8
3 1 25 . 0 8 . 0 75 . 0
3 1 8 . 0
5 . 1
2
5 . 1
2
|
|
| |
N.G., use bearing stiffeners
or change the beam
215
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
Limit states:
4.7.1 Beam Bearing Plate Design (AISCM, p14-3):
expanding
grout
u
V
. 4 in N >
. 1in b B
f
~ + >
Web yielding
Web crippling
Plate bending
Concrete crushing
)
`

N
p
t
B
216
Beams - Laterally Supported
on full area
= =
=
s
=
=
= s
B N A
psi psi f
A
A
A
A
A f P
A f P
P R
c
c p
c p
p u
1
'
1
2
1
2
1 '
1 '
15000 2500
2
85 . 0
85 . 0
60 . 0 | |
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
Concrete Crushing (J8):
on less than
the full area
for calculation
purposes
but
plan area of base plate
C
L
C
L
A1 A2
A1 A2
1
1
A1 = A2
4.7.1 Beam Bearing Plate Design (AISCM, p14-3):
Requisitos
aplastamiento
del concreto
Es el factor de
resistencia al
aplastamiento
del concreto
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 55
217
Beams - Laterally Supported
p
t
design
k
u
R
4.7 Web Yielding and Web Crippling:
Plate Bending:
In the design model only a 1 strip is
used and is analyzed as a cantilever
beam.
for a rectangle :
p
P
"
1
1
A
R
P
u
p
=
=

=
y
u
d req
p
u
F
M
Z
m P
M
9 . 0
2
1
'
2
b
d

= =
4
1
4
2
'
2
p
d req
t
Z
bd
Z
solve for
p
t
assuming yielding
4.7.1 Beam Bearing Plate Design (AISCM, p14-3):
218
Design the beam and the bearing plate for the member
shown below. Use A36 for the beam and for the bearing
plates. The beam is supported on a 12 in. wide concrete
wall.
Beams - Laterally Supported
ksi . ' f
L
ft L
. in d
w
w
c
L
ft
kips
D
ft
kip
L
0 3
360
6
10
7
9
=
s
=
s
=
=
A
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
D L
w w ,
219
Beams - Laterally Supported
ft kip
L w
M
kips V
L D
D
w
u
u
u
ft
kips
ft
kips
u
=

= =
=

=
= + = +
= =
=
6 . 102
8
6 8 . 22
8
4 . 68
2
6 8 . 22
8 . 22 9 6 . 1 7 2 . 1 6 . 1 2 . 1
8 . 9 7 4 . 1 4 . 1
2 2
max
u u
M V
Required strength:
Need to calculate and
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
220
Beams - Laterally Supported
Bending strength:
Estimate the beam section:
3
'
0 . 38
36 9 . 0
12 6 . 182
9 . 0
in
F
M
Z
y
u
d req
=

= =
. 25 . 0
. 375 . 0
. 6
in t
in t
in b
w
f
f
=
=
=
P
L
3
8 x 5
P
L
1
4 x 2y
PL
3
8 x 5
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 56
221
Beams - Laterally Supported
Determine the minimum web height:
. 75 . 14
. 00 . 7 . 83 . 6
25 . 0 375 . 0 5 2 0 . 38
0 . 38
2 2
8
3
in d
in y in y
y y
y A Z
y
i i x
=
= =
+ + =
= =
>
= >
>
. in . in .
. in
ft
d
L
d
. in
ft
. in
3 75 14
3
2
6
2
rule of thumb
OK
P
L
3
8 x 5
PL
1
4 x 2y
PL
3
8 x 5
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
222
Beams - Laterally Supported
Check local slenderness:
<
=
= =
=

= =
107 0 56
107
36
29000
76 3 76 3
56
25 0
2 0 7
.
.
F
E
.
.
.
t
h
y
p
w
w

<
=
= =
=

= =
8 10 67 6
8 10
36
29000
38 0 38 0
67 6
375 0 2
0 5
2
. .
.
.
F
E
.
.
.
.
t
b
y
p
f
f
f

compact, OK
web:
compact, OK
flange:
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
223
<
=
=
=
=
kips kips
kips R
kips R
R
C A F R
u
n v
n v
v w y n v
7 . 71 4 . 68
4 . 68
7 . 71
0 . 1 25 . 0 75 . 14 36 6 . 0 90 . 0
6 . 0 90 . 0
|
|
|
Beams - Laterally Supported
Shear Strength:
0 . 1 8 . 69 56
8 . 69
36
29000 5
10 . 1
10 . 1
5
56
25 . 0
14
= <
=

=
= =
v
y
v
v
w
C
F
E k
k
t
h
OK
unstiffened web
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
224
Beams - Laterally Supported
<
=

=
=


= =
=
=
. in . . in .
. in .
L
. in .
.
EI
L w
klf . w
in I
L
L
L
x
20 0 036 0
20 0
360
12 6
360
036 0
251 29000 384
1728 6 0 9 5
384
5
0 9
251
4 4
3
A
OK
Check deflection:
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 57
225
Beams - Laterally Supported
Use PL3/8x5 for the flanges and
PLx14 for the web, A36.
P
L
3
8
x 5
P
L
1
4
x 14
P
L
3
8
x 5
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
226
1
4
Beams - Laterally Supported
Bearing plate design:
u
V
Try PL 7x8 A36:
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
227
Beams - Laterally Supported
Check web yielding:
<
=
=
+ =
+ =
= + =
kips . kips .
kips . R
kips . R
. . . . R
t F N k . . R
. in . k
u
n
n
w y deign n
design
3 83 4 68
4 68
3 83
25 0 36 8 625 0 5 2 0 1
5 2 0 1
625 0
4
1
8
3
|
|
|
OK
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
Assume in. welds
228
Beams - Laterally Supported
Check web crippling:
> = = 2 . 0 27 . 0
75 . 14
4
d
N
End, Equation J10-5(b):
< =

(
(

\
|
|

\
|

+ =

(
(

|
|

\
|
|

\
|
+ =
kips . kips . R
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . R
t
t EF
t
t
.
d
N
t . . R
n
.
n
w
f y
.
f
w
w n
4 68 2 25
25 0
375 0 36 29000
375 0
25 0
2 0
75 14
8 4
1 25 0 4 0 75 0
2 0
4
1 4 0 75 0
5 1
2
5 1
2
|
|
|
N.G., need to use stiffeners
Stiffener design will be covered in section 10
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 58
229
Beams - Laterally Supported
Check concrete crushing:
> =
=
< = =
= + + =
= =
=
=
kips . kips P
. . . . P
.
A
A
in A
in A
psi f
A
A
A f . . P
p
p
c '
c ' p
4 68 131
53 1 56 0 3 85 0 6 0
2 53 1
56
132
132 2 7 2 12
56 8 7
3000
85 0 6 0
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
|
|
|
beam
OK
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
230
Beams - Laterally Supported
Bearing plate thickness:
. in .
.
Z
t
t b
in .
.
.
Z
. in kips .
.
. M
ksi .
.
A
R
P
. in . . m
d ' req
req , p
p
d ' req
u
u
p
625 0
1
156 0 4
1
4
4
156 0
36 9 0
06 5
06 5
2
88 2
1 22 1
22 1
56
4 68
88 2 625 0
2
3
2
1
2
7
=

= =

=
= =
= = =
= =
design
k
p
t
Use PL 5/8x7x0-8,A36
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
231
Beams - Laterally Supported
4.8 Summary Example:
Example 13:
Flanges PL
3
8 x 5
Web PL
1
4 x 14
A36
PL
5
8" x 7" x 0'-8" A36
Final design:
232
Beams - Laterally Supported
N
n
n
4.9 Column Base Plate Design (AISCM p14-4):
f
b 85 . 0
m
Limit states:
m d 95 . 0
B
u
P
1
A
P
P
u
p
=
- Concrete crushing
- Plate bending
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 59
233
Beams - Laterally Supported
p
t
y
u
p
p
y
u
r
r y n b u
p
p
u
F
M
t
t
F
M
Z
Z F M M
n
P
m
P
M
9 . 0
4
4
1
9 . 0
9 . 0
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
max
=

= =
= s

=
|
p
t
2
85 . 0
6 . 0
1
2
1
2
1 '
s
=
= s
A
A
A
A
A f P
P P
c p
p u
| |
Concrete crushing (J8): Plate bending:
4.9 Column Base Plate Design (AISCM p14-4):
234
PL
15"x24" A36
Pier 24"x48"
W18x119
Beams - Laterally Supported
Check if the column plate shown above is adequate if
.Determine .
Example 14:
u
P
kips P
u
1300 =
psi f
c
5000
'
=
p
t
W18x119
. 3 . 11
. 0 . 19
in b
in d
f
=
=
4.9 Column Base Plate Design (AISCM p14-4):
235
Beams - Laterally Supported
Concrete crushing:
> =
=
< = =
= =
= =
=
kips kips
. . . . P
.
A
A
in A
in A
A
A
A f . . P
p
c ' p
1300 1359
48 1 360 0 5 85 0 6 0
2 48 1
792
360
792 33 24
360 24 15
85 0 6 0
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
|
|
OK
Example 14:
4.9 Column Base Plate Design (AISCM p14-4):
236
Beams - Laterally Supported
Plate bending:
p
t
ksi
M
P
f
in n
in m
u
p
61 . 3
360
1300
. 70 . 2
2
3 . 11 85 . 0 15
. 98 . 2
2
0 . 19 95 . 0 24
= = =
=

=
=

= controls
f
b 85 . 0
n
n
" 15
m m d 95 . 0
" 24
. 1 61 . 3 in ksi f
p
=
Example 14:
4.9 Column Base Plate Design (AISCM p14-4):
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 60
237
Beams - Laterally Supported
Plate bending:
. 41 . 1
498 . 0
4
1
498 . 0
36 9 . 0
1 . 16
9 . 0
. 1 . 16
2
99 . 2
1 61 . 3
2
3
2
3
2 2
in t
in
t
in Z
Z F M M
kips in M
m f
M
p
p
r
r y n b u
u
p
u
=
=

>
= s
=
= s
|
Use PL 1x15x2-0
Example 14:
4.9 Column Base Plate Design (AISCM p14-4):
238
Beams - Laterally Supported
Workshop 4
239 240
Cuando los nervios son perpendiculares a
laviga, hay apoyo lateral
Cuando los nervios son paralelos a la viga,
no hay apoyo lateral
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 61
241
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Define: Laterally unsupported beam
The beam deflects vertically, has a
horizontal displacement, and rotates
Pu
x
A
y
A
|
242
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Define: Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB)
= lateral support
x
A
y
A
|
e
M
e
M
b
L
= distance between lateral supports
LTB only occurs when bending takes
place about x-axis.
243
x
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Resistance to lateral movement:
x
A
2
2
dy
x d
EI
y
= lateral moment x
y
244
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Resistance to twist:
' | GJ T
s
=
= GJ
ksi G 11200 =
= J
' ' ' |
w w
EC T =
Pure torsional + Warping torsional resistance
Pure torsional resistance:
torsional stiffness
torsional constant
Warping torsional resistance:
=
w
EC
=
w
C
warping stiffness
warping constant
alabeo
Modulo elstico en corte del
acero
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 62
245
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
J
5.1 Background Theory:
Resistance to twist:
=
o
h
= b
= t
Total torsional resistance = Pure + Warping
center-to-center of flanges
thickness
6
2
,
4
in
I h
C
y o
w
=
width
and for C- and H- shapes:
' ' ' ' | |
w
EC GJ =
4
3
,
3
in
t b
J
i i
=
w
C
Total torsional resistance
246
6
2
2
4
3 3
4
3 3 3
6571
4
1 64 25 20
4
1 64
12
8 75 0
2
12
375 0 5 19
25 20 75 0 5 19
59 2
3
375 0 5 19
3
75 0 8
2
3
in
. .
I h
C
in .
. . .
I
. in . . . h
in .
. . . t b
J
y o
w
y
o
i i
=

= =
=

=
= + =
=

= =
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Example 1:
J Find and for the following section:
w
C
PL
3
4 x 8
PL
3
8 x 19
1
2
PL
3
4 x 8
247
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Lateral - Torsional Buckling: Basic case:
e
M
e
M
=
e
M Elastic buckling moment
(equivalent to Eulers buckling)
2
2
2
2
2
b
w y y
b
e
b
w y
b
e
L
C I E GJ EI
L
M
L
EC GJ EI
L
M
t t
t t
+ =
|
|

\
|
+ =
pure
torsion
warping
torsion
248
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Lateral - Torsional Buckling:
1
M
x
e
e
S
M
= o
=
e
o Elastic LTB stress
4 2
2 4
2 2
2
b x
w y
b x
y
e
L S
C I E
L S
GJ EI t t
o + =
pure
torsion
warping
torsion
Basic case: Other cases:
2
M
M M
case basic the for e b e
C o o =
=
b
C Bending coefficient
fuentes de rigidez
Distancia entre
centroides de los
patines
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 63
249
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Bending coefficient, :
C
M
0 . 3
3 4 3 5 . 2
5 . 12
max
max
s
+ + +
=
m
c B A
b
R
M M M M
M
C
AISCS Sec. F1
A
M
B
M
max
M
b
C
b
L
4
b
L
0 . 1 =
m
R
4
b
L
4
b
L
4
b
L
for doubly symmetric sec.
All Ms are absolute values
250
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Examples:
u
M u
M
u
M
u
M
8
b u
L P
u
P
=
+ + +
=
+ + +
=
0 1
0 1
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
.
.
M M M M .
M .
R
M M M M .
M .
C
u u u u
u
m
C B A max
max
b
2
b
L
2
b
L
8
b u
L P
4
b u
L P
32 1
0 1
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
8
1
8
1
8
1
4
1
4
1
.
.
.
.
C
M M M M
b
max B C A
=
+ + +

=
= =
Basic Case
251
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Examples:
A
M
B
M
C
M
u
M
4 16
3
8 16
max
L P
M
L P
M
L P
M
L P
M
u u
C
u
B
u
A
= =
= =
u
P
b
L L 2 =
b
L
b
L
max
M
67 1
0 1
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
16
3
8
1
16
1
4
1
4
1
.
.
.
.
R
M M M M .
M .
C
m
C B A max
max
b
=
+ + +

=
+ + +
=
252
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Examples:
A
M
max
M M
B
=
C
M u
M
u
w
u
V
b
L
4
b u
L w
2
b u
L w
14 1
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
8
32
3
4 2
0
2
32
3
8
1
32
3
8
1
2
8
1
2
2
4
1
2
1
.
L w .
L w .
R
M M M M .
M .
C
w L
M M
w L M M
L L w
M
b u
b u
m
C B A max
max
b
u b
max B
u b C A
b b u
A
=
+ + +

=
+ + +
=
= =
= =

+
+ =
4
b
L
4
b
L
4
b
L
4
b
L
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 64
253
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.1 Background Theory:
Examples:
254
plastic
inelastic
LTB
elastic
LTB
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
AISCS Section F2-2
p
M
n
M
p
L
b
L
r
M
r
L
Basic response curve:
(F2-1)
(F2-2)
(F2-3)
255
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Definitions:
f o
x
w y
ts
o x y
x y
ts r
y
y p
x y r
x y n
t d h c
S
C I
r
Jc
h S
E
F
S
Jc
F
E
r L
F
E
r L
S F M
Z F M
= =
=
|
|

\
|
+ + =
=
=
=
1
7 . 0
76 . 6 1 1
7 . 0
95 . 1
76 . 1
7 . 0
2
2
Basic response curve:
for H-shapes
256
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Design strength, :
90 . 0 =
b
|
2
2
2
078 . 0 1
7 . 0
|
|

\
|
+ =
s =
<
s
(
(

|
|

\
|

=
s <
= =
s
ts
b
o x r
L
b
cr
p x cr n
b r
p
p r
p b
y x p p b n
r b p
y x p n
p b
r
L
h S
Jc E C
F
M S F M
L L
M
L L
L L
F S M M C M
L L L
F Z M M
L L
ts
b
t
n b
M |
Basic response curve:
If
If
If
(F2-1)
(F2-2)
(F2-3)
(F2-4)
Momento de primera fluencia
Limite al que deja
de ser plstico
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 65
257
1. F2-4 is just another form of the LTB equation presented
before.
2. is determined by setting F2-4 equal to .
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Design strength, :
x y r
S F M 7 . 0 =
r
L
n b
M |
Notes:
258
3. Effect of on :
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Design strength, :
n
M
p
M
n b
M |
r
L
b
C
b
L
n
M
Notes:
r
M
1 =
b
C
1 >
b
C
1 >>
b
C
p
L
259
Compute for the shape shown below. Use A572 Gr.
50. The unbraced length and bending coefficient are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
n b
M |
ft L , . C
b b
5 0 1 = =
. ft L , . C
b b
30 1 1 = =
ft L , . C
b b
10 0 1 = =
ft L , . C
b b
10 67 1 = =
P
L
3
4 x 8
P
L
3
8 x 19
1
2
PL
3
4 x 8
260
Section properties:
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
. 3 . 20
. 83 . 1
139
157
9 . 64
1462
3 . 19
3
3
4
4
2
in h
in r
in S
in Z
in I
in I
in A
o
y
x
x
y
x
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
. 17 . 2
139
6571 9 . 64
6571
59 . 2
2
6
4
in r
S
C I
r
in C
in J
ts
x
w y
ts
w
=

= =
=
=
P
L
3
4
x 8
P
L
3
8
x 19
1
2
P
L
3
4
x 8
El momento
es uniforme
Se debe verificar si la seccin
sea compacta, esto es
verificamos esbeltez
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 66
261
Check slenderness:
web:
<
= = =
= = =
6 . 90 52
6 . 90
50
29000
76 . 3 76 . 3
52
375 . 0
5 . 19
y
p
w
w
F
E
t
h

flange:
<
= = =
=

= =
15 . 9 33 . 5
15 . 9
50
29000
38 . 0 38 . 0
33 . 5
75 . 0 2
8
2
y
p
f
f
f
F
E
t
b

FLB does not control

compact web compact flange
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
262
a) :
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
ft kips
. M
ft k F Z M M
ft . L ft .
. .
F
E
r . L
n b
y x p n
b
y
y p
=
=
=

= = =
= > =

=
=
589
654 9 0
654
12
50 157
0 5 46 6
12
50
29000
83 1 76 1
76 1
|
0 . 1 , 5 = =
b b
C ft L
263
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
n
M
r
L
b
L
a
p
M
r
M
00 . 1 =
b
C
5
264
b) :
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
= > = > =
= =
|

\
|

+ +

=
|
|

\
|
+ + =
= > =
ft L ft L ft L
ft in L
L
Jc
h S
E
F
h S
Jc
F
E
r L
ft L ft L
p b r
r
r
o x
y
o x y
ts r
p b
46 . 6 10 9 . 18
9 . 18 . 227
0 . 1 59 . 2
3 . 20 139
29000
50 7 . 0
76 . 6 1 1
3 . 20 139
0 . 1 59 . 2
50 7 . 0
29000
17 . 2 95 . 1
7 . 0
76 . 6 1 1
7 . 0
95 . 1
46 . 6 10
2
2
0 . 1 , 10 = =
b b
C ft L
inelastic LTB
resistencia de diseo
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 67
265
b) :
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
ft kips M
M
ft kips M ft kips M
M M
M
L L
L L
S F M M C M
n b
n b
p n
p n
p
p r
p b
x y p p b n
=
=
= s =
s
(

\
|

\
|
=
s
(
(

|
|

\
|

=
525
583 9 . 0
654 583
46 . 6 9 . 18
46 . 6 10
12
139 50 7 . 0
654 654 0 . 1
7 . 0
|
|
0 . 1 , 10 = =
b b
C ft L
266
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
n
M
r
L
b
L
a
b
p
M
r
M
00 . 1 =
b
C
5 10
267
c) :
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
ft kips M
M
ft kips M
ft kips M ft kips
ft kips M
n b
n b
n
p
n
=
=
=
= >
= =
589
654 9 . 0
654
654 974
974 583 67 . 1
|
|
67 . 1 , 10 = =
b b
C ft L
From b):
268
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
67 . 1 =
b
C
n
M
r
L
b
L
a
b
c
p
M
r
M
00 . 1 =
b
C
5 10
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 68
269
d) :
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
ksi F
F
r
L
h S
Jc E C
F
M S F M
ft L ft L
cr
cr
ts
b
o x r
L
b
cr
p x cr n
r b
ts
b
7 . 19
17 . 2
12 30
3 . 20 139
1 59 . 2
078 . 0 1
29000 1 . 1
078 . 0 1
9 . 18 30
2
2
17 . 2
12 30
2
2
2
2
=
|

\
|

+ =
|
|

\
|
+ =
s =
= > =

t
t
1 . 1 , 30 = =
b b
C ft L
elastic LTB
270
d) :
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
1 . 1 , 30 = =
b b
C ft L
ft kips M
ft kips M ft kips
ft kips M
n b
p
n
= =
= <
= =
205 228 9 . 0
654 228
228
12
139
7 . 19
|
271
Summary:
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Example 2:
67 . 1 =
b
C
n
M
r
L
b
L
a
b
c
d
p
M
r
M
10 . 1 =
b
C
00 . 1 =
b
C
5 10 30
272
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Notes:
+
1. Lateral buckling strength is affected by load location.
AISC
0
Stronger Weaker
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 69
273
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.2 Design Rules:
Notes:
EI
L
EC GJ
b
w
>
+
2
2
t
2. LTB is not a design consideration if:
y x
I I =
a) Bending is about the weak axis,
b)
c) Torsional stiffness is greater than the in plane stiffness.
274
I II III
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
u
V
ft k
1 . 63
u
M
kips P
u
15
2
= kips P
u
60
1
=
ft k
9 . 23
k
15
k
45 . 20
ft k
9 . 110
ft k
8 . 197
k
55 . 39
Determine if the shape shown
below is adequate for this
design. The beam material is
A572 Gr.50. P
L
1
2 x 7
PL
1
4 x 15
PL
1
2 x 7
ft k
150
Compact section
275
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
. 90 . 1
4 . 61
1718 6 . 28
1718
4
6 . 28 5 . 15
4
661 . 0
3
25 . 0 15
3
5 . 0 7
2
3 . 68
4 . 61
6 . 28
2
6
2
2
4
3 3
3
3
4
in r r
in
I h
C
in J
in Z
in S
in I
ts ts
y o
w
x
x
y
=

=
=

= =
=

=
=
=
= P
L
1
2
x 7
P
L
1
4
x 15
P
L
1
2
x 7
Section properties:
276
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
ft .
. .
. . .
.
. .
. .
.
. .
Jc
h S
E
F .
.
h S
Jc
F .
E
r . L
ft . . .
F
E
r . L
o x y
o x y
ts r
y
y p
0 16
0 1 661 0
5 15 4 61
29000
50 7 0
76 6 1 1
5 15 4 61
0 1 661 0
50 7 0
29000
90 1 95 1
7 0
76 6 1 1
7 0
95 1
76 5
50
29000
63 1 76 1
76 1
2
2
=
|

\
|

+ +

=
|
|

\
|
+ + =
= =
=
Lo primero es calcular los
lmites Lp y Lr
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 70
277
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
ft L ft kips M
b u
5 8 . 197 = =
= > =
=
=
=
= = =
= < =
ft kips . M ft kips .
ft kips .
. . M
ft kips . M
Z F M M
ft . L ft L
u
n b
n
.
x y p n
p b
8 197 1 256
1 256
6 284 9 0
6 284
50
76 5 5
12
3 68
|
Segment I:
OK
278
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
ft L ft kips M
b u
17 8 . 197 = =
0 3 22 2 0 1
1 63 3 9 23 4 9 110 3 8 197 5 2
8 197 5 12
3 4 3 5 2
5 12
078 0 1
17 9 15
2
2
2
. . .
. . . . .
. .
R
M M M M .
M .
C
r
L
h S
Jc
.
E
C F
M S F M
ft L ft . L
m
C B A max
max
b
ts
b
o x r
L
b cr
p x cr n
b r
ts
b
< =
+ + +

=
+ + +
=
|
|

\
|
+ =
s =
= < =
t
Segment II:
279
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
ft L ft kips M
b u
17 8 . 197 = =
= > =
=
=
= > = = =
=
|

\
|

+ =

ft kips . M ft kips .
. . M
ft kips .
ft kips . M ft kips . . . S F M
ksi .
. . .
. .
. . F
u
n b
p x cr n
.
cr
8 197 1 256
6 284 9 0
6 284
6 284 7 359 4 61 3 70
3 70
90 1
12 17
5 15 4 61
0 1 661 0
078 0 1
29000
22 2
2
2
90 1
12 17
2
|
t
Segment II:
OK
280
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
ft L ft kips M
b u
10 8 . 197 = =
= > = =
= < =
s
(

\
|

\
|
=
=
s
(
(

|
|

\
|

=
= < = < =
ft kips M ft kips . . . M
ft kips . M ft kips .
M
.
. . .
. . . M
. C
M
L L
L L
S F . M M C M
ft . L ft L ft . L
u n b
p
p n
b
p
p r
p b
x y p p b n
r b p
150 8 216 9 240 9 0
6 284 9 240
76 5 16
76 5 10
12
4 61 50 7 0
6 284 6 284 0 1
0 1
7 0
0 16 10 76 5
|
Segment III:
OK
special case
Entonces
usamos 2.22
Por ser
cantiliver
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 71
281
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
P
L
1
2 x 7
P
L
1
4
x 15
P
L
1
2 x 7
The proposed shape is adequate
A572 Gr. 50
(need to check shear and deflections)
282
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
I II III
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
u
M
kips P
u
28
2
= kips P
u
28
1
=
' 25 . 7 ' 25 . 7 ' 0 . 20
ft k
203
Find the lightest A992 H-shape for the following beam:
67 . 1 ~
b
C 67 . 1 ~
b
C 0 . 1 ~
b
C
M with beam weight
M without beam weight
L D 6 . 1 2 . 1 +
283
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
ft kips M
u
=

+ = 212
8
5 . 34 050 . 0 2 . 1
203
2
67 . 1 25 . 7 203 = = ~
b b u
C ft L ft kips M
plf w 50 = Estimate the beam weight
Segment I:
0 1 20 212 . C ft L ft kips M
b b u
= = = Segment II:
By inspection segment II controls.
Note: Effect of beam weight is neglected in Cb calculations.
284
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
ft kips M
u
= 212
ft kips M
u
= 228
. in .
. L
d 3 17
24
12 5 34
24
=

= >
From Table 3-10 (p. 3-126):
W18x55:
W21x55:
Minimum depth:
Use W18x55 A992
Note: Notice that Table 3-10 is for 0 . 1 =
b
C
(check shear and deflection)
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 72
285
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
286
Table 3-10 was developed considering . However,
it can be used for other values of doing the following:
Enter with and
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
b
u
C
M
p b u
M M | s
n b
M |
1 >
b
C
b
L
Remark:
b
C
0 . 1 =
b
C
, but must check that
287
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 5:
u
M
ft
k
u
w 4 . 25 =
' 0 . 25
ft k
1988
Find the lightest A992 H-shape for the following beam:
288
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 5:
From Table 3-1
14 . 1 =
b
C
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 73
289
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
5.3 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 5:
ft kips
C
M
b
u
= = 1744
14 . 1
1988
2 = < = ft kips M ft kips M
p b u
276 1988 |
ft L
b
25 = With and , from Table 3-10:
. in .
L
d 5 12
24
12 25
24
=

= >
Minimum depth:
Try W30x173:
OK
Use W30x173 A992
(check shear and deflection)
290
Beams - Laterally Unsupported
Workshop 5
291 292
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 74
293
Beam Column Design
6.1 Overview:
u
P
u
P
u
w
Chapter H addresses members subject to axial force and
flexure about one or both axes.
294
Beam Column Design
6.2 Beam-Columns in Frames:
Define:
Braced Frames: Unbraced (Moment) Frames:
the brace resists
the lateral load
the members resist
the lateral load pinned
connection
moment
connection
295
- Effective length of the beam-column
- Second order effects
- Design strength, (same as previous)
- Interaction of axial and flexural effects
Beam Column Design
0 . 1
9
8
s +
n b
u
n c
u
M
M
P
P
| |
n b n c
M P | | ,
Beam-Column Design requires consideration of:
6.2 Beam-Columns in Frames:
Example:
AISCS (H1-1a)
296
Beam Column Design
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
Review of individual columns: Effective length factor, K
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 75
297
Beam Column Design
Analysis: Effective length factor
K 0 . 1
=
g
I
5 . 0 >
5 . 0 0 . 1 > > K
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
=
g
I
sidesway inhibited sidesway uninhibited
K

0 . 1 >
> >
For a braced frame For an unbraced (moment) frame
> > K .0 1
298
Beam Column Design
Effective Length Factor, K:
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
The K factors can be obtained for a particular frame using
the following alignment charts:
sidesway
inhibited
(braced)
sidesway
uninhibited
(unbraced)
Fig. C-A-7.1 Fig. C-A-7.2
299
Beam Column Design
Effective Length Factor, K:
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
Finding the K-factor requires an evaluation of the ratio of
the I/L of all the columns at a joint to the beams with rigid
connections.
G is defined as
follows:
|

\
|

\
|

=
g
g
c
c
L
I
L
I
G
A
B
300
Beam Column Design
Effective Length Factor, K:
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
At the supports:
For design:
= =
0
c
c
L
I
G 0 =

=
c
c
L
I
G
0 . 1 = G 10 = G
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 76
301
A
B
C
W24x84
W18x55
W18x35 W18x35
F
E
D
Beam Column Design
Example 1:
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
Find the effective length for the columns A-B and B-C.
4
890 in I
x
=
4
2370 in I
x
=
4
510 in I
x
=
302
Beam Column Design
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
Column A-B:
sidesway uninhibited
(unbraced)
Example 1:
ft . KL
. KL
. K . G . G
.
L
I
L
I
G
. G
B A
b
b
c
c
B
A
4 23
18 3 1
3 1 9 0 0 1
90 0
0 1
30
2370
12
510
18
510
=
=
= = =
=
+
=

=
=
with
303
Beam Column Design
6.3 Effective Length of Beam-Columns in Frames:
Column B-C:
sidesway uninhibited
(unbraced)
Example 1:
ft . KL
. KL
. K . G . G
.
L
I
L
I
G
. G
C B
b
b
c
c
C
B
2 16
12 35 1
35 1 43 1 90 0
43 1
90 0
30
890
12
510
=
=
= = =
= =

=
=
with
304
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
effect
Define:
A P
F F
F F
effect o P
o
A
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 77
305
Beam Column Design
Mou
Pu
Mou
Mou
Mou
Mou
Mou
Pu
Pu
Pu
second order
deflection
first order
deflection
6.4 Second Order Effects:
Basic case:
effect: Increase in moments between supports due to
the presence of axial loads (C2.1b).
o P
306
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
Basic case:
0 1. K s
1
2
1
2
2
1
e
u
nd
ou
e
u
ou
nd
u ou nd
P
P
M
M
P
P
M
M
P M M
o
o

~
+ =
= First order required flexural strength
= Second order required flexural strength
= Required compressive strength
= Deflection
= Eulers buckling load with respect to the
bending axis, (non translation case)
307
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
Other cases:
m
C
1
1
1 2
1
e
u
m
ou nd
P
P
C
B
M B M

=
=
=
Second order amplification factor
:
i) No transverse loads
0 1 4 0 6 0
2
1
2
1
.
M
M
M
M
. . C
m
s
|
|

\
|
=
M
P
M
P
308
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
, examples: No transverse loads m
C
basic case = 1.0
0 1 1 4 0 6 0 . . . C
m
= =
1
2
1
=
M
M
0
2
1
=
M
M
1
2
1
+ =
M
M
Mu
Pu
Mu
Pu
Mu
Pu
Pu
Mu
Pu
Mu
Pu
6 0. C
m
= 2 0. C
m
=
best case = 0.2
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 78
309
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
m
C
:
ii) With transverse loads:
0 1. C
m
=
310
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
Summary for moments:
s
=
>

=
=
0 1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1 2
. K
r
KL
EA
P
P
P
C
B
M B M
b
e
e
u
m
ou nd
t
o P
Braced or not translation case
311
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
Summary for moments:
2
2
1
b
e
r
KL
EA
P
t
=
o P
x b
r
KL
r
KL
|

\
|
= |

\
|
y b
r
KL
r
KL
|

\
|
= |

\
|
x b
r
KL
r
KL
|

\
|
= |

\
|
312
effect: Increase in moments due to sidesway
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
A P
Pu Pu
Pu Pu
Hu
Pu Pu
Hu
A
A P
only present
in moment
frames
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 79
313
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
effect: A P
2
2
1 2 2
1 2 2
1
1
e
nt
st nd
st nd
P
P
B
P B P
M B M

=
=
=
1st order
2nd order
Pu
Pu
Hu
= h H
u
Overturning moment first order analysis
+ = A
u u
P h H Overturning moment second order analysis
314
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
effect: A P
+ = A
u u
P h H Overturning moment second order analysis
=
=
|

\
|
= =
=
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
e
u
P
K
r
L K
EA
L K
EI
Pe
P
t t
Summation of the factored loads on the story
Sway case
Summation of the Eulers buckling strength, ,of
the columns that resist sidesway in the story.
2 e
P
315
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
effect: A P
4 1
2 2 2
4 3 2 1
e e e
u u u u u
P P P
P P P P P
+ =
+ + + =
Columns B and C are
leaning columns; they do
not resist sidesway. Only
columns A and D
contribute to
Pu1 Pu2 Pu3 Pu4
A B C D
2 e
P
pinned
316
Beam Column Design
6.4 Second Order Effects:
Second order effects in frames:
lt lt
P , M
nt nt
P , M
A
F1
F2
F1
F2
B C
No translation Translation
the portal method can
be used to evaluate
Actual frame
A = B + C
= +
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 80
317
Beam Column Design
6.5 AISC Design Rules:
AISC interaction equations:
0 1
2 0
0 1
9
8
2 0
.
M
M
M
M
P
P
.
P
P
.
M
M
M
M
P
P
.
P
P
ny b
uy
nx b
ux
n c
u
n c
u
ny b
uy
nx b
ux
n c
u
n c
u
s
|
|

\
|
+ +
s
s
|
|

\
|
+ +
>
| | |
|
| | |
|
For
For
AISCS (H1-1a)
AISCS (H1-1b)
Pu
Mux
Muy
Pu
Mux
Muy
2
318
is the design strength as if it were a column
and are second order actions (see 6.4)
Beam Column Design
6.5 AISC Design Rules:
AISC interaction equations for moments about one axis:
Notes:
Mu
Pu
Pu,Mu
n c
P |
n c
P . | 2 0
n b
M |
n b
M . | 9 0
u
P
u
M
is the design strength as if it were a beam
n c
P |
n b
M |
319
Beam Column Design
6.5 AISC Design Rules:
Summary:
effect
A
o


P B
P B
2
1
0 1 0 1
1
1
0 1 0 1
1
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
1
2
1
1
1
. K
r
L K
EA
P .
P
P
B
. K
r
L K
EA
P .
P
P
C
B
bending
e
e
nt
bending
e
e
u
m
s
|

\
|
= >

=
s
|

\
|
= >

=
t
t
A P
lt nt u
lt nt u
P B P P
M B M B M
2
2 1
+ =
+ =
effect
effect is present only in braced (moment) frames
320
Beam Column Design
Pu = 400 k
Mu = 225 k-ft
Pu = 400 k
Mu = 225 k-ft
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
The following built-up member is part
of a frame. From the structural
analysis, it is determined that this
member has to resist the loads shown.
Determine if the member is adequate.
PL
3
4 x 10
PL
1
2 x 12
1
2
PL
3
4 x 10
A572 Gr. 50
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 81
321
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
ft . L
ft . L
ft kips M
ft kips M
. in . r
. in . r
in . A
r
p
r b
p b
y
x
9 29
58 8
278
446
43 2
90 5
3 21
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
|
|
Section properties:
P
L
3
4 x 10
PL
1
2 x 12
1
2
P
L
3
4 x 10
Need to determine:
n b u n c u
M , M , P , P | |
322
8 13 67 6
8 13
50
29000 8 0
64 0
25
4
64 0
67 6
75 0 2
10
2
. .
.
.
.
k
F
E k
.
.
. t
b
t
b
r
c
y
c
r
f
f
<
=

=
= =
=

= =

Flange:
9 35 25
9 35
50
29000
49 1
49 1
25
5 0
5 12
.
. .
F
E
.
.
.
t
h
t
b
r
y
r
w
<
= =
=
= = =

Web:
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
Design compressive strength, :
Check local slenderness:
n c
P |
Beam Column Design
non-slender section
323
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
n c
P |
kips . . P
ksi . F
.
.
. .
r
KL
.
.
.
r
KL
ft . L . K
ft L . K
n c
cr c
y
x
x y
x x
867 3 21 7 40
7 40
0 37
43 2
12 5 7 0 1
5 30
90 5
12 15 0 1
5 7 0 1
15 0 1
= =
=
=

= |

\
|
=

= |

\
|
= =
= =
|
|
Design compressive strength, :
controls
from Table 4-22
324
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
u
P
kips P
B
P B P P
u
lt nt u
400
0
2
2
=
=
+ =
Required compressive strength, :
braced frame, no effect A P
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 82
325
15 9 67 6
15 9
50
29000
38 0
38 0
67 6
75 0 2
10
2
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
. t
b
t
b
y
r
f
f
<
= =
=
=

= =

Flange:
6 90 25
6 90
50
29000
76 3
76 3
25
5 0
5 12
.
. .
F
E
.
.
.
t
h
t
b
y
r
w
<
= =
=
= = =

Web:
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
Design flexural strength, :
Check local slenderness:
n b
M |
Beam Column Design
compact section
326
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
n b
M |
Design flexural strength, :
ft kips M M
ft . L ft . L
p b n b
b p
= =
= > =
446
5 7 58 8
| |
327
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
u
M
Required flexural strength, :
2 0
225
225
4 0 6 0
4 0 6 0 0 1
1
225
2
1
1
1
2 1
. . . C
M
M
. . C .
P
P
C
B
ft kips M
M B M B M
m
m
e
u
m
nt
lt nt u
= |

\
|

=
|
|

\
|
= >
|

\
|

=
=
+ =
328
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
u
M
Required flexural strength, :
ft kips
. M
. B . .
.
B
kips
.
.
.
r
L K
EA
P
u
x b
e
=
=
= < =
|

\
|

=
=
|

\
|

=
|

\
|
=
=
225
225 0 1
0 1 0 1 213 0
6550
400
1
2 0
6550
90 5
12 15 0 1
3 21 29000
1 1
2
2
2
1
2
1
t t
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 83
329
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 2:
> = = 2 0 46 0
867
400
. .
P
P
n c
u
|
Interaction:
< = + =
|

\
|
+ = +
0 1 91 0 45 0 46 0
446
225
9
8
46 0
9
8
. . . .
.
M
M
P
P
n b
u
n c
u
| |
(H1-1a)
OK
The proposed section is adequate
(check shear and deflection)
330
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
f
uy
nom
ux
u eq
b
M .
d
M .
P P
5 7
1 2
+ + =
Beam Column Design Procedure:
1. Compute an equivalent axial load
2. Use to select a section as if a column
eq
P
3. Discard
4. Check interaction
5. Iterate as necessary
eq
P
331
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Design the following beam column.
Use A572 Gr. 50. The member is part
of a braced frame.
Pu = 870 k
Mu1 = 238 k-ft
Pu = 870 k
Mu2 = 275 k-ft
332
this is because the column will buckle
in the weak direction
2
50 38
6 34
1332
6 3
60
12 18
6 34 60
1332 12
15
275 1 2
870
1 2
in .
.
A
. in . r
ksi . F
r
KL
kips
.
d
M .
P P
eq
eq
cr c
u
u eq
= =
=

=
= =
=

+ = + =
|
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Trial section:
y
r
Lets impose a beam depth of 15 in.
Assume
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 84
333
>
=

=
=
+ = =
= =
4 4
4
3
8
5
3
8
5
4 2
499 563
563
12
13
12
15 0 1
2
00 1
2 15 15 2 50 38
499 50 38 6 3
in in
in
.
I
. in . t
t t . A
in . . I
y
f
f f eq
eq , y
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Trial section:
Lets impose a flange width of 15 in and web thickness of
5/8. It is necessary to determine the flange thickness:
P
L
tf x 15
P
L
5
8
x h
OK, try this section
334
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Section properties:
ft . L
ft . L
in Z
in S
. in . r
. in . r
in . A
r
p
x
x
y
x
9 53
6 13
263
212
84 3
45 6
1 38
3
3
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
P
L
1 x 15
P
L
5
8
x 13
335
5 14 5 7
5 14
50
29000 88 0
64 0
4
64 0
5 7
0 1 2
15
2
625 0
13
. .
.
.
.
k
F
E k
.
.
. t
b
t
b
.
c
y
c
r
f
f
<
=

=
= =
=

= =

Flange:
9 35 8 20
9 35
50
29000
49 1
49 1
8 20
625 0
0 13
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
.
.
t
h
t
b
y
r
w
<
= =
=
= = =

Web:
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Design compressive strength, :
Check local slenderness:
n c
P |
Beam Column Design
non-slender section
336
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
n c
P |
kips . . P
ksi . F
.
.
.
r
KL
.
.
.
r
KL
ft L . K
ft L . K
n c
cr c
y
x
x y
x x
1360 1 38 7 35
7 35
3 56
84 3
12 18 0 1
5 33
45 6
12 18 0 1
18 0 1
18 0 1
= =
=
=

= |

\
|
=

= |

\
|
= =
= =
|
|
Design compressive strength, :
controls
from Table 4-22
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 85
337
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
u
P
kips P
B
P B P P
u
lt nt u
870
0
2
2
=
=
+ =
Required compressive strength, :
braced frame, no effect A P
338
15 9 5 7
15 9
50
29000
38 0
38 0
5 7
0 1 2
15
2
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
. t
b
t
b
y
r
f
f
<
= =
=
=

= =

Flange:
6 90 8 20
6 90
50
29000
76 3
76 3
8 20
625 0
13
. .
. .
F
E
.
.
. t
h
t
b
y
r
w
<
= =
=
= = =

Web:
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
Design flexural strength, :
Check local slenderness:
n b
M |
Beam Column Design
compact section
339
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
n b
M |
Design flexural strength, :
ft kips ft kips . M
. .
. .
. M
ft kips M
. C
M
L L
L L
S F . M M C M
ft . L ft L ft . L
n b
n
p
b
p
p r
p b
x y p p b n
r b p
= =
> =
(

\
|

\
|
=
= =
=
s
(
(

|
|

\
|

=
= < = < =
986 1095 9 0
1095 2347
6 13 9 53
6 13 18
12
212 50 7 0
1095 1095 25 2
1095 50 263
25 2
7 0
9 53 18 6 13
|
340
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
u
M
Required flexural strength, :
25 0
275
238
4 0 6 0
4 0 6 0 0 1
1
275
2
1
1
1
2 1
. . . C
M
M
. . C .
P
P
C
B
ft kips M
M B M B M
m
m
e
u
m
nt
lt nt u
= |

\
|
=
|
|

\
|
= >
|

\
|

=
=
+ =
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 86
341
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
u
M
Required flexural strength, :
ft kips
. M
. B . .
.
B
kips
.
.
.
r
L K
EA
P
u
x b
e
=
=
= < =
|

\
|

=
=
|

\
|

=
|

\
|
=
=
275
275 0 1
0 1 0 1 27 0
9724
870
1
25 0
9724
45 6
12 18 0 1
1 38 29000
1 1
2
2
2
1
2
1
t t
342
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
> = = 2 0 64 0
1360
870
. .
P
P
n c
u
|
Interaction:
< = + =
|

\
|
+ = +
0 1 89 0 25 0 64 0
986
275
9
8
64 0
9
8
. . . .
.
M
M
P
P
n b
u
n c
u
| |
(H1-1a)
OK, but could try a lighter
section
The proposed section is adequate
(check shear and deflection)
343
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 3:
P
L
1 x 15
P
L
5
8
x 13
Use a built-up shape of PL1x15
for the flanges and PL 5/8x13 for
the web. A572 Gr. 50
(check shear and deflection)
344
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
Design the rafter and columns for the following frame.
Use A992 steel and W14s columns.
Fully braced
ft
kips
u
w 8 =
k H
u
20 = wind
Controlling load combination:
W . L . D . 8 0 6 1 2 1 + +
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 87
345
B
D
C
A
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
ft
kips
u
w 8 =
k H
u
20 =
+
) c ( k 20
k 20
nt nt
P M and
o P
lt lt
P M and
A P
346
and reactions for
Assumed moment diagram
for
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
ft
kips
u
w 8 =
k H
u
20 =
nt
P
k 20
nt nt
P M
nt
M
ft k 450
ft k 450
ft k 450
ft k 450
ft k 450
k 120 k 120
and :
347
and :
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
k 10
k 20
k 10
lt
P
k 10
lt lt
P M
lt
M
ft k 150
ft k 150
k 20
k 10
348
Rafter design:
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
ft kips M
n b
= 600 |
=

=
=
+ =
3
1
1
160
50 9 0
12 600
600
150 450
in
.
Z
ft kip M
M
req
st , u
st , u
from Table 3-2
W21x68 (compact)
Need to check the section for 2
nd
order moment
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 88
349
Column design: Column CD controls
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
. in .
.
r
ksi . F
r
KL
k
.
d
M .
P P
req
cr c
y
u
u eq
6 3
50
12 15 0 1
5 37 50
1210
14
12 150 450 1 2
10 120
1 2
=

=
= = |

\
|
=
+
+ + = + =
|
kips P ft kips M
kips P ft kips M
lt lt
nt nt
10 150
120 450
= =
= =
assume
Trial section:
350
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
3
2
192
73 3
22 6
0 32
in Z
. in . r
. in . r
in . A
x
y
x
=
=
=
=
2
3 32
5 37
1210
in .
.
A
req
= =
Try W14x109 (compact)
Trial section:
351
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
=

=
= =

=
0 2
10
68 1
30
1480
15
1240
. K
G
.
L
I
L
I
G
x
D
g
g
c
c
C
: K
x
n c
P |
W21x68
Column design, :
W14x109
4
1480 in I
x
=
4
1240 in I
x
=
from the nomogram
(sidesway uninhibited)
352
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
kips . . P
ksi . F
.
.
.
r
KL
.
.
.
r
KL
n c
cr c
y
x
1130 0 32 3 35
3 35
2 48
73 3
12 15 0 1
9 57
22 6
12 15 0 2
= =
=
=

= |

\
|
=

= |

\
|
|
|
50 =
y r
KL
n c
P |
controls
x r
KL
Column design, :
from Table 4-22
Notice that we assumed , but in this case controls
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 89
353
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
u
P
kips
.
.
P
r
KL
EA
P
P
P
B
P B P P
e
x b
e
e
nt
lt nt u
2732
9 57
0 32 29000
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=

=
=

=
+ =
=
t
t
Column design, :
354
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
u
P
kips . P
. P
. B
P B P P
u
u
lt nt u
5 130
10 05 1 120
05 1
2732 2
120 2
1
1
2
2
=
+ =
=

=
+ =
Column design, :
355
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
n b
M |
=
=
=
=
=
67 1
454
720
4 48
2 13
. C
ft kips M
ft kips M
ft . L
ft . L
b
r b
p b
r
p
|
|
Column design, :
W14x109
from Table 3-1
356
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
n b
M |
Column design, :
ft kips
. .
.
.
M
L L
L L
M M M C M
ft . L ft L ft . L
p
p r
p b
r b p b p b b n b
r b p
=
> =
(

\
|

=
s
(
(

|
|

\
|

=
= < = < =
720
720 1180
2 13 4 48
2 13 15
454 720 720 67 1
4 48 15 2 13
| | | |
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 90
357
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
u
M
6 0
600
0
4 0 6 0
4 0 6 0
0 1
1
2
1
1
1
2 1
. . .
M
M
. . C
.
P
P
C
B
M B M B M
m
e
u
m
lt nt u
= |

\
|
=
|
|

\
|
=
>
|

\
|

=
+ =
Column design, :
358
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
u
M
0 1
0 1 61 0
10954
10 120
1
6 0
10954
12 15 0 1
1240 29000
0 1
1
1
2
2
1 2
1
2
1
. B
. .
.
B
kips
.
. K
L K
EI
P
x b
e
=
< =
|

\
| +

=
=

=
= =
=
t
t
Column design, :
359
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
u
M
= >
=
+ =
+ =
ft kips M ft kips
ft kips M
. . M
M B M B M
rafter n b
u
u
lt nt u
600 608
608
150 05 1 450 0 1
2 1
|
Column design, :
Discard the W 21x68 and bump the
rafter to W24x68
360
Beam Column Design
6.6 Analysis and Design Examples:
Example 4:
< = = 2 0 115 0
1130
5 130
. .
.
P
P
n c
u
|
Interaction:
< = + =
|

\
|
+ = +
0 1 9 0 84 0 06 0
720
608
2
115 0
2
. . . .
.
M
M
P
P
n b
u
n c
u
| |
(H1-1b)
OK
Use W24x68 for the rafter and
W14x109 for the columns, A992
(check shear and deflection)
Diseo de Estructuras de Acero - Parte I
CIMEPI - Agosto 2013
Instructor: Ing. Telmo A. Snchez, Ph.D. 91
361
Beam Column Design
Workshop 6
362
363 364