The Riseand Fall of Persia

THE RISE AND FALL OF PERSIA:: CYRUS TO ALEXANDER BY MIKE EVANS AND WARREN GLEESON A SOURCE BOOK FOR CLASH OF EMPIRES™ © ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: STUART MCCORQUODALE PRODUCTION: STUART MCCORQUODALE, MARK WHEATLEY ARTWORK: GEORGINA HARMAN, ANNIE NORMAN MINIATURE PAINTING: STUART MCCORQUODALE, FIRST CORPS, PAUL CUBBIN, TIM HASLAM, DARRYL _— MORTON, WARREN GLEESON, MIKE EVANS, MARK WHEATLEY, MARK MAINWARING, WARGAMES _>. accomplished, I ask my readers not to regard this as a fault... I leave the story of his greatest = struggles and achievements to be told by others.’ Plutarch 4 oe Cyrus was followed by his son, another great leader, Cambyses Hl, who grew the Empire further and conquered Egypt. The Skythians blunted the Empire's expansion northwards, and the Greeks to the west were to be a constant thorn. The Ionians ravelting brought the mainland Greeks into conflict with the Empire, but two Punitive Persian invasions were thwarted at Marathon, Salamis and Plataea. Eventually the Persian Emperors found that their gold wes a far more effective weapon against the Greeks than the Persian army, and used it to keep them at each others throats for the next 150 years Whilst the Persian Empire grew in Asia, the Greeks | 7 expanded through the Mediterranean and Black Sea finding other states to antagonise. When the Persians invaded Greece, the Carthaginians were attempting to” come to terms with the Greeks in the west, Despite ‘setbacks in Sicily the Carthaginians rebounded and were to fight the Greeks almost constantly for the following ~> three centuries before Rome became the new threat. ‘Dionystus obliged the Carthaginians to pay a very hhigh ransom for their prisoners; but he released the Greeks, who had been captured while in the service of Carthage, without any ransom at all. The partiality, shown by the tyrant caused the Carthaginians to become suspicious of the Greeks, and they discharged all the Greek mercenaries from their service, Thus Dionysius rid himself of these Greeks, who were 2 formidable foe.” Polyaenus: Stratagems Femous (and infamous) names from history took their tums countering the Carthaginians; Gelon, Dionysius 1, Timoleon, and Agathocles each sought to secure the Greek presence in Sicily (as well as expand their awn domains), “Agathocles, the tyrant of Sicily, broke the oath he pledged to his enemies, and slew his prisoners. He ‘old his frends with a laugh, "After supper we will ‘throw up our oaths.” Polyaenus: Stratagems Govern well! The wickedest tyrants claim to do that. Even Dionysius, I suppose, thought that he governed well, and so did Agathocles who was a stil greater criminal.” Julian: The Caesars ‘The status quo of the region was broken when Philip IL {grasped the Macedonian throne and forged a new type of army to defeat his many enemies, and which his son was {0 use to great effect when he eventually pulled down the 200 year old Achaemenid Empire under Darius IIL and established a new world order "It is the blood of the Macedonians and their wounds which have made you so great that you disown your fatier Philip and claim to be the san of Ammon.” Plutarch ~ Clietus to Alexander: CONTENTS he THE RISE OF PERSIA THE FALL OF PERSIA © fo HISTORICAL OVERVIEW. 4 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 97 LYDIAN EMPIRE 5 RISE OF MACEDON 98 NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRE 10 LATER ACHAEMENID PERSIAN. 103 © ARCHAIC GREEK 14 ALEXANDRIAN MACEDONIAN “40> EARLY ACHAEMENID PERSIA 17 ANCIENT INDIAN Jas, | SAITIC EGYPTIAN 22 ARMIES OF ANTIQUITY 420) CYRENAIAN GREEK 28 LIBYAN 34 EARLY MACEDONIAN 34 SKYTHIAN 38 THRACIAN 1 ARMIES OF ANTIQUITY 45 CLASH OF EAST AND WEST HISTORICAL OVERVIEW. 47 ACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE 48 EARLY HOPLITE GREEK 54 EARLY SPARTAN 57 EARLY CARTHAGINIAN 61 LATER HOPLITE GREEK 66 ATHENIAN 70 p THEBAN 4 ARGIVE 72 PHOKIAN 74 1 LATER SPARTAN 76 SYRACUSAN/SICILIOT 80 ELYMIAN/SIKEL/SICANIAN, 84 SCENARIOS THESSALIAN 87 ILLYRIAN, 90 BATTLE OF CUNAXA 122 ARMIES OF ANTIQUITY 93 BATTLE OF MANTINEA 124 | AND THEY SHOULD BE CALLED HisTHE RISE OF PERSIA “You cannot be buried in obscurity: you are exposed upon a grand theatre to the view of the world. If your actions ‘are upright and benevolent, be assured they will augment your power and happiness.’ Cyrus the Great Asia had settled down following the demise of the ‘Assyrian Empire in 609 BCE. The region was split in a delicate balance of power between the main empires oF the time: Babylon, Egypt, Lydia, and the Medes. Babylon had played a significant part as a junior member ‘of the Assyrian state, often under the direct contral of “members of the Assyrian royal family. Despite this the state was often in rebellion against Assyria. In 648 BCE Babylon had suffered severe repercussions when she last rebelled but, fellowing the death of King Ashurbanipal, Internal strife wracked Assyria and Babylon broke free lunder King Nabopolassar with the help of the Chaldeans. HHe joined with the Medes and in their campaigns against ‘Assyria, and eventually saw the destruction of the last Assyrian army at Carchemish in 605 BCE, The Median Empire rose from the dominion af the Assyrians under the direction of Cyaxares, who came to the throne following the death of his father fighting against Ashurbanipal. To establish his control over Media hheshad first to remove the Skythians who had taken up residency after their recent rampage through the Middle East. He managed to destroy their leadership then forge an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon. With Skythian allies they managed to topple the Assyrian Empire, with Nineveh falling in 609 BCE. Cyaxares Implemented significant reforms of the Median army before using it {0 conquer the rast of Northern Mesopotamia, Armenia, ‘and as far west as the Halys River where his forces met those of King Croesus of Lydia in 585 BCE following 2 five year wor Pe isch Gerd bacigaalee ele en ae ete Peace was established through a marriage alliance between Croesus’ sister and Cyazares' son Astyages who came to the throne shortly afterwards. Lydia had arisen from the vacuum created when the Cimmerians overthrew the Phrygian kingdom in the seventh century BCE. With the removal of Phrygian power the Mermnad dynasty under Gyges overthrew the local regional Lydian rulers to establish the new Lydian kingdam. He In turn defeated the Cimmerians and rapidly astablished a kingdom throughout Anatolia gradually defeating the Greek states in the region. The Lydian placated the mainland Greeks through significant sponsorship of the ‘oracles and temples, Unfortunately for Lydia they were forced to appeal to ‘Assyria for aid when the Cimmerians returned. Although the Cimmerians were initially successful they were ultimately defeated by the Assyrians In 640 BCE, The Lydians continued to bring the remainder of Anatolia within their sway over the next few generations. In 585 BCE the Lydians and the Medes under Cyaxares ought at the Battle of Halys which was soon followed by 2 formal marriage peace treaty between the two states establishing their borders. ‘This uneasy stability was to be shattered forever when in 559 BCE Cyrus, later to be The Great, claimed the leadership of the disparate Achaemenid Persian clans, He refused to recognise the Median authority of his grandfather Astyages and in S50 BCE he defeated his ‘grandfather in battle at Murghab. Through generous terms and leniency Cyrus effected a smooth transition of power as he won over the opposing nobles as well as the ‘remaining tribes on the Iranian Plateau. King Croesus of Lydia quickly mobilised his forces, Whether to exploit the chaos following the fall of Astyages, or to support his deposed brother In law, Is not known. He sought the insight of the Delphic Oracle Which famously predicted that “if Croesus were to wage War against the Persians, ne would destroy @ great tempire, and they advised him to find the most powerful Hellenes and to make them his friends and supporters.” Cyrus met the army of Croesus at Pteria which proved to be inconclusive. Croesus withdrew his forces back to, Lydia and disbanded @ signincant portion of his army as the season was coming to an end. Cyrus though had shadowed Croesus back to the Lydian capital at Sardis where the Persian army faced a somewhat smaller Lydian army and defeated it. ‘Following a short siege Sardis Fell to the Persian forces and Croesus was shown leniency and installed within the Persian court. Cyrus quickly conquered the remaining regions of Anatolia, subsuming the Ionian Greeks, Caria, the Lycians and the Phrygians Into the Empire, In 539 Cyrus led the Persian forces against the vast ‘empire of Babylon under its King Nabonidas. ‘Through subterfuge Cyrus captured the city after damming the Tigris and deposed Nabonidas. With the capture of Babylon the Persian empire grew to Include Phoenicia, Syria and Palestine. Cyrus then sought to stabilise his northern borders against the Skythians ‘and Bactrians. His overtures to Queen Tomyris of the Massagetae were spurned and after initial successes, Cyrus was defeated and killed by Queen Tomytis in Battle In 529 BCE. He was beheaded and his head put Into # wineskin filled with human blood, a aa a ie Me In one short generation Cyrus had removed three of the four prineple world powers, and his son Cambyses ‘completed the conquest of Egypt along with Libya in 525 BCE, ‘| warn youthat thirst For blood, {QUEEN ToMyRiS Following Cambyses’ death a brief period of turmall engulfed the Empire as most of the subject states rose in rebellion whilst factions from Media and Persia fought for the spoils. From this chaos Darius took power through @ coup and within a year had established control of the Empire. Darius then sought to extend the Empire through the Cespian Sea and central Asia against the Skythians and, after securing the region, led his armies Into Tncia. His success there brought significant wealth to the Empire as well as the military right of the Indian kingdoms. For a brief period there was peace and stabilty through the Empire. This was not to last. 6 ENG vn 4 iLYDIAN EMPIRE 680-547 BCE “Except the Cilicians and Lycians, he kept alf of the people west of the Halys in subjection ~ Lyalans, Phrygians, Mysians, Mariandynians, Chalybians, Paphlagonians, Thracians (both Thynian and Bithynian), Carians, Jonians, Darians, Acolians, and Pamphylians. When ail of these nations had been added to the Lydian Empire and Sardées was at the height of her wealth and prospenty, all Greek teachers of that era paid visits to the capital.” Herodotus Strategy Rati Climate: Fertile ‘This list covers the Lydian armies from the early foundation of the Lydian state under Gyges through to Its eventual demise under Croesus to the Persians. ‘The Lydian Kingdom existed in Western Anatolia from the early part of the 7th century BCE through ta its eventual defeat by the Persians under Cyrus the Great In 559 BCE, Between 696 and 695 BCE the Phrygian Kingdom of King Midas was overthrown by a large Cimmerian army which descended from the Caucasus. In the chaos Gyges overthrew the local Phrygian ruler and established the Lydian kingdom. He managed to defeat the Cimmerians jn 679 BCE and consolidate his power in Anatolia, Over the next decade he had established control over the region, capturing the Greek city states in the Troad, as Well as many of the smaller Ionian states though he was ‘unsuccessful in his advances on Smyrna and Miletus. ‘When the Pharaoh Psamitik I sought independence from Assyrian control in 663 BCE Gyges sent aid in the form ‘of Lydian and Carian hoplites, which were to became a ‘major part of future Egyptian armies. In 654 BCE the Cimmerians returned and the Lydians ‘were obliged to seek aid from the Assyrians. In 654 BCE the Cimmerians captured Sardis and Gyges was killed land they then rampaged through the kinadom before they headed west to ravage the Greek cities ‘Ardys succeeded his father and continued to fight the Cimmerians but was defeated in 644 BCE when the CCimmerians again captured Sardis and sacked the city. Eventually the Assyrians defeated the Cimmerians in 640 and the Cimmerian threat to the region was removed, Over the next thirty years the kingdom flourished under 2 succession of kings. In 609 BCE Alyattes came to the throne and expanded the Lydian domains further. He ‘eptured Smyrna, Gordium, and brokered a treaty with Ephesus before having to contend with the new rising power of the Medes under Cyaxeres. After a war which lasted five years the two armies clashed in Cappadocia in 5585 BCE which led to a treaty defining the two kingdoms border at the River Halys. In S60 BCE Alyattes died and a short civil war followed between Croesus and his half brother fram. which Croesus emerged triumphant. He quickly re-established Lyéian control over those areas which had taken the ‘opportunity to free themselves from Lydian rule before ‘completing the task of securing the remaining Greek ‘ities in Tonia and Aeolia. All of the cities fall ta him une he was thwarted by Miletus. When the Persians under Cyrus the Great overthrew his ‘grandfather and defeated the Medes in 559 BCE Croesus ‘sought to take advantage of the situation and expand his kingdom across the Halys and into Armenia.ee co} - & Sg ott sy k P He secured sibtart trop Eaypt and Sparta and nesceted EE | COE Te Aero ts prow 2a nee gree ne ae Both oracles concurred ... they Proved to be inconclusive and Croesus reted to Lydla predicted that if Croesus were to His assumed that the Persians would similarly retire anti “ the nent your ao asborcedsgnihcany POR aC Wage War againstthe Persinehal orm WOUMesiroy a GreSEeiS SIME Untocunatety cyrus toned croesus back to Sard ad 4 aes defeated the Lydians in the plains before successfully they Sviecd him talfind thelmlost tesiging tne Sy and capuurny & witin © comple fy weeks, The oracles Croesus so eagerly sought had Pevemulelehes andmeletbente SS... aay ‘ | Hilendsanel supporters. Analy yan army must conan a general and atest two units of Lydian Spearmen. A Late Lydian Army must PEROBOTUS contain a general at least one unit of Lydian Hoplites and fone unit of Lydian Lancers. RSC COMMAND An Lydian army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. |General ¥42 ARMY GENERAL, Ginenat | +t et 1 MOUNTED ON A HORSE Face Upgrades: None { Up to 2 Sub-commanders SUB-COMMANDER Upgrades: May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts \ CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. An Early Lydian army must contain at least two Units of Lydian Spearmen. A Late Lydian Army must contain at least one unit of Lydian Hoplites and one unit of Lydian Lancers. 6-40 | cioseo [10 4 1 3 a [a st7t7 ts | a Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Ql i | ‘Armour: Light Armour, Large Shield } Lydian Spearmen (Early Lyala only) Models per uni Special Rules: None Upgrades: May have heavy armour, upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to &, at a cost of 3 pts per model Lydian/Tonian Hoplites (Later Lydia only) Models per unit: 16-40 p [re Tana [xe [airs 4 Wand Weapon, Long Spear Light Armour, Large Shield 4i Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May have heavy armour, upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to &, at a cost of 4 pts per model.‘Composite Bow, Improvised Weapon None None Models per unit: 6-15 ‘Weapons: ong Spear, Hand Weapon Armour Heavy Armour Spécial Rules: Shock Cavalry Upgrades: None prey oa oe — ot ~ ‘Inall Assia there was not at that time a braveror more wai Ser ner of fighting was on horsebac! GP and were déverjp the nian ati ‘ Hg so ae aR ; yPUS we Dismounted Lydian Lancers (Later Lydia only) Models per unit: 12-24 Lose Weapons ‘Tong Spear, Hand Weapon Armour: Heavy Armour Special Rules: Steady Uparades: None Lp to 2 units of Paphlagonian/Phrygian Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 ‘OPEN OR SkuReAIsH 20 Javelins, Hand Weapon None Special Rules: None Upgrades: Open order troops may add light armour, upgrading ARM to 5+, at a cost of 2 pts per model, If operating Is skirmish order, the unit is selected from the skirmish section. SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. Lycian/Cilician Infantry Models per unit: 15-40 Weapons Throwing Spear, Javelins Armour: Large Shiele Special Rules: None Upgrades: NoneWeapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins Arma Shield | Special Rules: None upgrades: None |___Béferences to Paphlegonia, located in Asia Minor along the Black Sea, go back to the lad - King Pylaemenes led, © 72 contingent to ght for Priam against the Achacans and was kiled by Manelaus - and i was conauered during 7 Croesus’ reign. The kings of Phrygia, n central Anatolia, were alternately named Midas and Gordum, from which |__Wesderive te tate ofthe king cursed with the golden touch and te Gordan Kno, famously cleaved by Alexander the Great. The Mariandeni were located in the same region but some ancient authors attributed them to Thracian origin Up to. 2 units of Marcenary Hoplites (Later Lydia only) Lose Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear |) Armour: Light armour, Large Shield 1" Special Rules: Mercenaries, Phalanx (Classical) | Upgrades: May have heavy armour, upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to 8, at a cost of 4 pts per i ‘model. Up to one unit may represent Carian hoplites upgrading ML to 8 at a cost of 2 pts per model Up to.2 units of Thracian Warriors Models por unit: 16-40 (OPEN Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins Armour: Buckler Special Rules; Mercenaries, Wartand Upgrades: None. “*fote that the buckler only provides protection in hand-to-hand combat and against missile fire the ARM should be worsened to N/A. Up to unit of Thracian Noble Cavalry (Later Lydia only) Models per unit: 6-15 ‘OPEN Weapons Hand Weapon, Javelins, Long Spear ‘Armour: Light Armour, Buckler Special Rules: Mercenaries, Warband, Wedge Upgrades: None “note thet the buckler only provides protection in hand-to-hand combat and against missile fire the ARM should be worsened by 1 point. Up to 2 units of Clmmerian/Skythian Light Cavalry OFEN OF stamens ‘Wespons! Tavelins, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Feigned Flight Upgrades: May add composite bows at a cost of 2 pts per model. If operating is skirmish order, the unit is Selected from the skirmish section,Weapons: Davelins, Throwing Spear, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Heavy Armour Special Rules: Fearsome Upgrades: May add shields, upgrading ARM to 2+, at a cost of 16 pts per model. SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. ‘A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. ¥ Phrygian or Mysian Javelinmen Models per unit: 8-15 i seanvais | 12 Weopons: Improvised Weopan, Javelins Armour None Special Rules: None Upgrades: None ALLIES Up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section, ‘Traps may be selected from, ‘one of the following: Early Lydian: Assyrian Egyptian Thracian Later Lydian: Early Spartan Early Hoplite Greek (Tonians) Neo-Babylonian Saitic Egyptian DIAN ALLIES Lydian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated In their army list. Compulsory troops are replaced by the limitations below. Lydian allies are subject to the ‘Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101), Early Lydian: Up to 1 Sub-commander 41-2 units of Lydian Spearmen Up to 1 unit of Lydian Archers Up to 1 unit of Paphlagonian Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Phrygian or Mysian Javelinmen Later Lydian Up to 1 Sub-commander 1-2 units of Lydian Hoplites, Up to 1 unit of Lydian Lancers Up to 1 unit of Paphlagonian Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Phrygian or Mysian JavelinmenNEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRE 609-539 BCE “A golden cup in the Lords hand ‘That made all the earth drunken’ Strategy Rating: 2 ‘This covers the Babylonian Empire from its formation as an independent state following the fell of the Assyrian Empire in 609 BCE to its own demise following the ‘conquest at the hands of Cyrus of Persia in 539. ‘The Kingdom of Babylon had been ruled by the Assyrians from 728 BCE when Tilglath Pileses TIT made himself king following centuries of unrest and fighting in the region. ‘Through the next century Babylon was either ruled by members of the Assyrian royal family or By loyal regents. Despite the various attempts to mere Babylon end Assyria into one combined kingdom it was to fall due to various revolts and interventions from Elam along with the Chaldeans and the Aramaean tribes. “The Chaldeans led various revolts. against Assyrian control, including these led by Marduk-apl-iddina bbetwoon 721 to 710, and later in 703 BCE. Following a failed revolt by Shamesh-shurma-ukin, Ashurbenipal took the Bebylonian throne but upon his death chaos feigned as various contenders sought the Assyrian throne. Through this mess Nebopolassar claimed the throne of Babylon and ruled from 25 to 605 BCE. An alliance of the Babylonians, Medes, and the Skythians eventually overthrew the Assyrians in 609 BCE. They carried off thabooty Of the city, a quantity beyond reckoning, and they turned the FADLIOP NINEVEH, CHRONICLE city into ruinec Following the demise of the Assyrians the Babylonians worked to extend their own’ domains and soon encompassed much of what had previousty been within the immediate Assyrian Empire. They attempted to subjugate the Egyptians but were unsuccessful. The Babylonians also sought to secure thelr borders against their Median allies, and built a wall to the north between the Tigris and the Euphretes at its narrowest point. Peace ‘was established and formalised by a marriage between ‘Amytis, the infant grandéaughter of the Median king, ‘and Nebuchadnezzar, the son of Nebopolassar, ‘To secure the Syrian reaches from Egypt, Nebopolassar sent his son west where he defeated the Egyptian forces ‘at Carchemish in 609 BCE, and In doing so gaining control of Syria Sa = gen @» thirteen year siege from 585 to 572 BCE. He was forced Babylon eventually fell to the Persians under Cyrus the | Nebuchadnezzar eventually came to the throne in 605 DCE and continued to extend the Babylonian Empire ‘through the subjugation of udah and Jerusalem in S97 BCE, destroying the Temple and deporting many of its Inhabitants to Babylon forcing many into exile. Following tthe fall of Jerusalem Nebopolassar finalised his conquest of the remaining Phoenician cities, though Tyre was to each a separate agreement following an unsuccessful In 539 BCE following the fall of Lydia seven years earller to contend with en invasion by the Skythians before Great. The Babylonian Empire nac been In dedine for | attempting to invade Egypt, though he was held back by any years and the king Nabonidus had neglected the the forces of King Amasi ih 567 BCE Maintenance of the great irrigation network a= well the walls of Babylon. Cyrus entered the ty through 9 Through his reign significant bullding works were iver gate and was welcomed by the elses mhabitant Ungertaken, including the construction of a double ring He allowed the Babylonians to retoin many of thelr ‘of walls around the Babylon, where the outer walls were Customs, as well as their own officals under Persin Sixteen klometres long, twelve metres high, and wide edminstrators, he even adapted the Aremac language éencugh for two Four-horse cherits to pass each cther 98 the offical language for ruling his western comain. He improved the extensive Frigation network supporting the empire, 25 well as having the famous Hanging A Neo-Babylonian Empire army must include a, general ‘Gardens of Babyion constricted for his wife. ‘and at least two units of Heavy Spearmen. COMMAND ‘A Neo-Babylonian Empire army must include a general and may Include up to 2 sub-commanders. rn General KIN Genenat oot) eet Goecea eee ae Ente Uparades: May be mounted on a horse ata Gost of Fonts Up to 2 Sub-commanders. b surconmanoen] ot [841 rn NONE 55 Upgrades: May De mounted ona horse at a cost of Tops CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section, A Neo-Babylonian Empire army must conta at” Jeast two units of Heavy Spearmen. For every three units of core Infantry chosen, at least one core cavalry unit must be taken. Heavy Spearmen Models per unit: 16-40 ctoseo | 10 4 1 3 aoseo [| 10 4 1 3 wa_[ 4 1 [efel[s ‘The first profile Is for spearmen, the second for archers: Weapons: ‘Spearmen - Hand Weapon, Long Spear; Archers ~ Hand Weapon, Composite Bow Armour: Spearmen - Light Armour, Large Shield; Archers - None Special Rules: Mixed Formation Upgrades! None ‘The unit comprises 50% spearmen and $0% archers with the spearmen forming the front ranks. “Archers Models por unit: 16-40 12 Weapons: ‘Composite Bow, Improvised Weapon ‘Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: Nonea Arjen z é ea cataiy Models per unit: 6-20 d Tong Spear Hand Weapon = Light armour . Special Rules: None vpgrades: Every second unt may add half-metal baring upgrading ARM to 4+ ata cost of 2 pts per model. . Heodels per unit: 6-15 sey Weapons” —Javelins, Hand Weapon ‘ ‘ours None , SrreSpectal Rules: None mm \Weoredes: None = j a fi 4 foreach unit selected from the Core section ane unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section A maximum of 5 Support units may be chosen. 1 Up to 1 unit of Guard Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15, ~Lowm [Deo [oi Po Pe Ps Pe Po Te Ts Te | Weapons: —Long Spear Hand Weapon Armour; ght Armour Special Rules: None | Upgrades: May add half-metal barding upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. / | Up to2 units of Heavy Chariots odels per unt: 3-6 ! CLOSED 15 Be 2 4 3+ 4+ 2 ¥ 8 89 : Weapons; — Unarmed diver and 2 Gew armed with Long Spear Javalns, Rand Weapon Armour: ght Amour, Shield Special Rules: Fearsome Uporades: None : Camel fiers Models per unit: 6-15 a 1 2 te Te Pa ts tsya Weapons: — Hand Weapon and Javan Armour, Rone Special Rules: Temfying to horses Upgrades: May ad an ational, upgrading ATTACKS and HTS to 2, at cost of7 pts per made. May edd self bow at a cost of 1 pt per model (2 pts if there are 2 riders)SKIRMISH For’éach unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. |A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Skirmishers Models per unit: 8-15 x seinoaise [12 Weapons: Tmprovised Weapon, Composite Bow Armour: None Special Rules: None : Upgrades: May add Buckler upgrading ARM to 6+ at a cost of 1 pt per model. ue ALLIES Up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. ‘Troops may be selected from oh." of the following} Arab (see below) Later Lydian Median (use Early Achaemenid Persian) saitic Egyptian Skythian Arab Skiemishers Models per unit: 8-15 skins [12 Weapons: Javelins or Self Bow, Improvised Weapon ‘Acmour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add Buckler upgrading ARM to 6+ at a cost of 1 pt per model. ‘Arab Infant) Models per unit: 16-40 12 ‘Weapons: Composite Bow, Javelins, Improvised Weapon ‘Armour: None ; Special Rules: None. Upgrades: None ‘arab Camels Models per uni Oren 18 Weapons: Wand Weapon and Javelins Armour: None Special Rules: Terrifying to horses Upgrades: May add an additional rider, upgrading ATTACKS and HITS to 2, at a cost of 7 pts per model. May edd self bow at a cost of 1 pt per model (2 pts if there are 2 riders). NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRE ALLIES Neo-Bebylonian Empire allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. They are subject to the “Allies special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 41-3 units of Heavy Spearmen Up to 1 unit of Archers Up to 1 unit of Heavy Cavalry Up to 2 units of Light Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Skirmishersne ARCHAIC GREEK ¢. 650 = 500 BCE "Kieomachos went with the Thessallan force to aid the Chal were the stronger in foot, but they found it dificult to ‘round hie the: bravest ofthe Thessallan horse, charged into the thickest of the enemy cavalry and put them 10 the rout; on seeing this the hopiites also fled, so that the Chaikidians obtained noble victory.” Plutarch Strategy Rating: 2 a sersoen| Iciians; at what time it was evident that the Chaleidians withstand the enemies’ horse. (.,.) Kleamachos gathered | Climate: Fertile This list covers the city-states of Greece emerging from the Archaic period into the Classical period. It was a time of large phalanxes of hopiites wearing a full panoply: bronze bell cuirass, greaves, groin guard and helmet. Warfare was conducted an the plains outside of the towns of the city-states, phalanxes meeting head- ‘on with little to no cavalry or skirmish troops. This list is suited for all of the city states of Greece of the 6th and 7th centuries BCE, with tne exception of Sparta where the agoge miltary system hed already been established. This list covers the early internal ware ‘and Lydian period, up until the start of the Greek and Persian Wars. Tt can be used to represent the Ionian Greeks in their revolt against the Persians, Following the fall of the great empires of Minoa, Mycenae, and the ending of the palace cultures a host of migrating tribes descended upon Greece around 1100 BCE, precipitating a period known as the Greek Dark Ages. It was during this time that the major Greek cities were established by their various mythical Progenitors over the next 300 years before Greece ‘entered the Archaic Period around 750 BCE. Originally hereditary kings ruled all the cltles, but most were overthrown in the 8th century BCE and usually replaced by oligarchies and often then by tyrants, from 650 BCE onwards. As the new wealthy merchant cass ‘emerged in the 7th century BCE they sought a voice in the state and eventually replaced the tyrannies and oligarchies with the emergent new form of early democratic government in the 6th century BCE, which was to be developed by the Athenians 200 years later In some regions, such as Sparta and Thessaly, many of the original tribal inhabitants were reduced to serf status as perioikal "As asses worn by loads intolerable, So Them did stress of cruel force compel, Of ail the fruts the well-tied land affords, The moiety to bear to their proud lords,” ‘Tyrtaeus on the Messenian Helot Following the Messenian Wars in the 7th and 8th centuries BCE, Sparta conquered Messenia and subjugated the Population as helot farmers, “To our king beloved of the gods, Theopompus, through whom we took Messene with wide dancing- ‘grounds; Messene good for ploughing and good for Planting, over which they fought...the spearmen Jathers of our fathers... for nineteen years, always unceasingly and with an enduring spin; and in the twentieth year the enemy, leaving behind their fertile lands, fled from the great heights af Me ithome.” ‘Tyrtaeus on the Firth Messenian War Argos and Arcadia had both aided Messenia through the Wars and Argos lost large areas as a result to the ‘Spartans and Arcadia was forced to submit to Sparta.For fifty years from the end of the 8th century BCE the As the states began to flourish so did the develapiteit. city-states of Chalcis and Eretria fought the Lelantine War of science, literature and philosophy. Miletus became over the rich Lelantine plain of Euboea, Much of Greece the centre of philosophy under Thales, with the Homeric was dravn into the conflict over the years, including epics beginning to take form in Ionia, Warfare. was Thessaly, Corinth, Megara, Samos, and even Miletus. evolving away from the old loose formations of heavily Despite Chalcis claiming victory both cities suffered and armoured infantry supported by chariots to the ne form, decline in power in the region Of close formation hoplite warfare developed primarily by Sparta around 650 BCE, Under King Pheidon Argos grew significantly in power in the 7th century BCE to challenge the might of Sparta and By the end of this period the major cities of Sparta, - took back control of the cities of the Argolid. ‘Argos, and Thebes had established themselves 6s dominant powers, each controlling the surrounding cities Over the centuries following the migrations the new in their own regions, whist Athens and Corinth had also city. states experienced significant population growth started to establish overseas trading networks, so the cities initiated colonisation programs, sending my their citizens to Tonia, Sicily, Southern France, Southern An Archaic Greek army must include a general and at’ Italy, Corsica , the Black Sea, Cyprus, and North Africa. least two units of Citizen Hoplites. Early lonian Greeks Many of these colonies were in turn to become major (after the fall of Lydia and before the Ionian Revolt) may Independent powers in their own rights such as Syracuse be represented by replacing chariots with "Up to-2 units and Cyrene, of Lycian/Cicilian Infantry (see bottom of page 7). COMMAND ‘an Archaic Greek army must include a general but may not include any sub-commanders. General SrRATECOS 2 2 | “ARMY GENERAL, HEROIC 50 Trernancn [e411 a1 | 2 LEADER. Tate Upgrades: None Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is already included in the profile. CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. An Archaic Greek army must contain at least two nits of Citizen Hoplite, Citizen Hoplites Models per unit: 24-50 cLoseD. Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘armour Heavy Armour, Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May remove heavy armour, downgrading ARM to 5+, but increasing MR to 10, at reduction of 6 pts per model Levy Hoplites Modals per unit: 24-50 Lose Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour: Large Shield ‘Special Rules: Levies, Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May add heavy armour, upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to &, at a cost of 6 pts per model.Ationnsd SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section, | Aemaximum of 2 Support units may be chosen Models Up to 1 unit of Mercenary Hoplites per unit: 16-30 Hand Weapon, Long Spear kot Heavy Armour, Large Shield Special Rules: Mercenaries, Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: None i “ua tot unit of Light caval Hoge per unit: 6-10 et cee [ts | i we po Ts] Weapons! —Javelins, Improvised Weapon ‘Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: None Up to L unit of Li nt Chariots Models per unit: 3-6 Weapons) Throwing Spear, Javelins, Hand Weapon Armour: Heavy Armour, Shield Special Rules: Fearsome Upgrades: None SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 2 Skirmish units may be chosen. Javetinen Hodes per units 8-15 | rina | 12 | ae wa | “Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Javeins Armour: None Special Rules: None j Dearth Rey change nel witcdkgsradt brat ALLIES t Up to 30% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section as long as there are no chariots © | inthe army. tToops maybe selected from ane ofthe flowing: Early Spartan Later Lydian Thracian 4 ARCHAIC GREEK ALLIES 4 Archaic Greek allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in thelr army list. Archaic Greek allies are subject to the “Alies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). 41-3 units of Citizen Hoplites Up to 1 unit of JavetinmenEARLY ACHAEMENID PERSIAN 559-522 BCE ‘We is able fo extend the fear of himself over so great a part of the world that he astonished all, and no one attempted anything against him. He was able to inspire all with so great a desire of pleasing him that they wished to be governed by his opinions.” Xenophor Strategy Rating: 5 the Cyropaedia of Cyrus the Great Climate: Arid or Fertile ‘This list covers the founding of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great. It is suited for his wars of conquest against Media, Lydia and Babylon followed by his son Cambyses’ campaign into Egypt. Cyrus the Great (reigned 559-529 BCE) ascended to the throne of Anshan, the ancient capital of Persia in 559 BCE. Tt was a subject-monarchy owing allegiance to the Mede King Astyages Il, yet within five years Cyrus was at war with the Medes and within twenty he had established fan Empire that was to dominate the region for the next two hundred years, Cyrus’ great “gift” was perhaps based less upon his military prowess but more on him being seen as a fair and lenient leader. At the final battle against the Medes {at Murghab in 550 BCE, large numbers of Mede troops deserted the unpopular Astyages to join the popular Persian King. Following the battle King Astyages was treated with honour and respect and many of the Median nobles and officials remained In positions of power. This strenath of character was sufficient for the remaining tribes of the Irenian plateu to offer their allegiance. ‘This form of tolerant leadership was to emerge time and time again. It is exemplified when the Lydians under king Croesus made a pre-emptive strike against Cyrus’ ‘growing power by invading Cappadocia. His army pursued them back to Sardis, defeated them in battle ‘outside the city, and then laid siege for fourteen days. Instead of razina the city, Croesus was in fact given a: high position in the Persian court. The Empire was to continue to expand; the Ionian’ Greeks, Phrygians, Carions and Lycians were all conquered along with Babylon, where Cyrus was welcomed as a liberator deposing the deeply unpopular King Nabonidas, Since the fall of the Assyrian Empire in 612 BCE the region had been left ina power vacuum, with the fall of the Medes, Babylonians and Lydians this now tipped firmly in the Persians favour leading to further gains in Syria, Palestine and Phoenicia, The Incorporation of Phoenicia had a long term impact, setting the foundations for the ‘great Imperial Fleet that was to dominate trade and was later used by Darius in his Invasion of Greece, “The expansion of the Empire was to continue to the North and to the East. Cyrus at first attempted peaceful incorporation of the Saka tribes by offering a marriage to ‘Queen Tomyris of the powerful Massagetae tribe. When this was refused he had his engineers build over the Jaxartes River in preparation for an invasion, Then he had 4 lavish camp built to tempt the Massagetze to attack, Which they did on the riches purposaly left there. Cyrus attacked, destroying this force which spurred the queen to mobilise her nation and attack the Persians. Cyrus had overstretched himself. Not only was the Persian force destroyed but Cyrus himself fel in 529 BCE. Cyrus was succeeded by his son Cambyses I! (529 622 BCE) who set about conquering the last great power in the region: Egypt. He assembled an army that contained | |jontingents. of troops from across the Empire including demise. When he assumed power he had his brother th “Tonian “and Aeolian Greeks. Crossing the Sinai’ and ruler of the Easter satrapies Bardiya put to desth desert, the Egyptians were defeated in 525 BCE at the and was on his way to quel an uprisiag led by the baitle of Pelusuim at the mouth of the Nile. mystic Gaumata (who daimed to be the reincarnation Piss of Berdiya) when he met his end: an accidental death by. The Persians continued their incursions into the heart of felling anto his sword when mounting his horse! Egypt, securing Memphis within months, and then along the North African coast through Libya. Cambyses himself Cambyses left no heir or nominated successor, the void assumed the title of Pharoah and Egypt became an being filled by the Magi claiming to be Berdiya, His relgh uneasy sotrapy not least as, unllke his father, Cambyses was to last a short eight months, brought to an end by, Was to outrage the powerful Egyptian priesthood by the next of the great Achaemenid Kings: Darius | killing their-sacred bull and burning the body of the | pharaoh -Amasis ‘An Early Achaemenid Persian army must include a zt ‘general and at least one unit of Persian or Median cavalry ‘Cambyses" reign was beset by intrigue and plots, features and two units of Persian or Median infantry. that were to plague the Achaemenid dynasty until its Fc COMMAND ‘Early Achaemenid Persian army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. General GREAT KING 942 942 2 70, ‘ARM GENERAL, MOUNTED ON SENIOR GENERAL 942 O02 2 ae 60, GENERAL Bet eet Ht Fre Upgrades: None _The Great King automatically comes with the Beloved Commander trait. He may generate a further one but If “Heroic Leader is roed, this ts exchanged for King of Kings. Ifthe Great King is killed or flees the battefield, all ____units/sub-commanders in the army sufer an immediate and permanant -1 penalty to their ML score, Up to 2 Sub-commanders SUB-COMMANDER Upgrades: May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pis A single mounted Persian sub-commander may lead a Flank March even if the player does not win the initiative ("for the battle. The initlative result ls considered to be a draw for establishing the result of the flank march, For all other purposes the result of the initiative roll still applies. | CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. At least one unit of Persian or Median eavalry and | Wo units of Persian or Median infantry must be taken, Persian or Median Cavalry Models per unit: ‘OPEN Weapons: _Javelins, Hand Weapon Armour: Light Armour Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add composite bows at a cost of 2 pts per model. Persian or Median Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 OPEN 20 ~ “Weapons: Davelins, Hand Weapan Armour: None Special Rules: Cantabrian Circle, Scouts Uparades: May replace javelins with composite bows at a cost of 1 pt per model, AM CYRUS, KING OF THE WORLD, GREAT KING, MIGHTY KING,Persian or Median Infantry ogee ero 16-40 Lay aw [ol] « | + fs > lett ttt. cou [vo |» | + [> [wt«|r][r7[r[| The first profile Is for spearmen, the second for archers. ‘Weapon ‘Spearmen - Hand Weapon, Long Spear Archers « Hand Weapon, Composite Bow ‘Armour: ‘Spearmen - Large Shield Archers - None Special Rules: Expert Archers, Mixed Formation, Spara Upgrades: Entire unit may add light armour, spearmen upgrading ARM to 4+ (+2 pts per model) and) lie)\s5 archers upgrading ARM to 6 (+1 pt per model). £1 Persian (or Median) infantry are traditionally thought to have fought from behind a wall of "spara’, a large wicker Shield. Spear-armed troops would dart around the spara wall to ward off enemy cavalry with deep ranks of archers deployed behind. The formations are thought to have consisted of one rank of spearmen and nine ranks of archers. For our purposes the units must be modelled witha single rank of spearmen and at least three ranks of archers. Whilst in this mixed formation the Persian archers may use the Expert Archer special rule despite being closed ore This gives no advantage ifthe unit moves (in which ease only the front rank may shoot) but wll enable a fev" more shots when stationary. For example, @ stationary unit in 5 ranks with 8 men per rank, with the front rank being spears and the other ranks being archers, will get 24 shots - mixed formation means the 2nd rank (archers) count a" frontr rank and fires at ful effect. Expert archers means the 3rd rank (2nd rank. of archers) fires at full effect. The remaining two archer ranks fire at half the number of shots using the massed fie rule (CoE, page 48). Other Iranian Spearmen Models per unit: 16-40 Looe [co [iw Tos Pots twats Tststs | Weapons; Hand Weapon, Lang Spear Acmour Shield , Specia Rules: None j Upgrades: May ad light armour, upgrading ARM to St, at @ cos of 2 pts per model Other Iranian spearmen represent other troops from the Iranian Plateau including the Hyrkanians and the Kissians. Other Iranian Archers Models per unit: 16-40 OPEN 10 4s 1 3 wa [4+ 4 6 [6 | 9 yin Weapons: Hand Weapon, Composite Bow Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add light armour, upgrading ARM to 6, at a cost of 1 pt per model. SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. ‘A maximum of 5 Support units may be chosen. Up to 1 unit of Guards - The "Spear Bearers” Models per unit: 15-32 ee Pete Weapons: Long Spear, Composite Bow, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Light Armour Special Rules: Expert Archers, Spara (If so armed), Mixed Formation (if applicable), Steady Upgrades! All models may replace bows with large shields, upgrading ARM to 4+, at no cost. ‘The guards gain the spara unit rule, (One third of the models may replace bows with large shields, upgrading ARM to 4+, at a cost of 1 pt per model. The guards gain the spara unit rule, ‘These elite troops represent the Apple Bearers and the Pomegranate Bearers and may only be selected if the ~ Great King is the army general KING.OF BABYLON, KING QF SUMER AND, AKKAD, KING OF THE FOUR QUARTERS.c1oseo Weapons!” Long Spear, Composite Bow, Hand Weapon Armour: Light Armour |, Special Rules: Expert archers, Spara (if so armed), Mixed Formation (if applicable), Steady One third of the models may replace bows with large shields, upgrading ARM to 4+, at a cost of 3 pts per model. The Immortals gain the spare unit rule. Up to 1 unit of Arab Camels Models per unit: 6-15 -Weagons; Wand Weapon, Javeins 2 None 2° Special Rules: Terrifying to horses SC Uparades: May repace javelin with self bow at no cost. TS (Cyrus used Arab camel riders against the Babylonians in 547 and olco against the desert nomads in Syria end Arabia. "Upto 3 Seythed chariots Models per unit: 1 SPECIAL ‘One unarmed driver | Heavy Armour Special Rules: Fearsome | Uewiages: None 1 SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected fram the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 3 Skirmish units may be chosen, Iranian Slingers Models per unit: 8-15 ssimmise [12 ‘Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Sling Armour None | Special Rules: None Upgrades: None Skirmish Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 sxinmise [20 Weapons Hand Weapon, Javeline ‘Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May replace javelins with self bow at no cost, ALLIES ‘up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. ‘Troops may be selected from the following ‘SkythiansEARLY ACHAEMENID PERSIAN ALLIES “ ee i) Early Achaemenid Persian alles may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Early Achaemenid Persian allies are subject to the ‘Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander Up to 1 unit of Persiany/Median Cavalry 4-2 units of Persian/Median Infantry Up to 4 unit of Persiany/Median Light Cavalry 9 Up to 1 unit of Other Iranian Spearmen Up to 1 unit of Other Iranian Archers Up to 1 unit of Skirmish Cavalry SCENARIO OPTIONAL RULES War wagons are a speculative inclusion in this lst, alleged by Xenophon in his Cyropaedia to have been deplayea'at > the battle of Thumbra by Cyrus the Grest. A Persian war wagon is similar in appearance to an oxen-pulled siege tower and serves as a mobile platform for archers. The entries for war wagons and pack camels are reserved for specific scenarlos and are only usable with your opponent's (or campaign umpire's) permission. Up to 3 War Wagons Models per unit: 1 pew | i@ | + | = Ti Pe Te fs | ee | ‘Weapons; As per crew Armour: None Special Rules: War Wagon Upgrades: None [A war wagon is crewed by 6 modols from the profile below. War wagons move in the ‘same way as elephants (page 95, CoE rule book) but may never charge, Shooting from war wagons is also treated in the same manner. When shooting against the crew, treat the war wagon as hard cover. Only artillery may damage the wagon Itself. IF the wagon is reduced to 0 hits by artillery tis destroyed and any crew are killed, Model pictured converted by Tim Hastam, crew i ! cLoseo 10 4+ 1 3 wa Ae 1 6 | 6 [wa f | Weapons: Hand Weapon, Composite Bow yl Armour None Special Rules: None 1 Upgrades; None The crew has no minimum strength, The unit counts as having the advantage of terrain for combat resolution. Cavalry and chariots lose all bonuses for weapons and unit rules such as fearsome and warhorses when they charge. Up to 1 unit of Pack Camels Models per unit: 6-10 ctoseo 2 NA 1 > [wa | ae 1 - [10 \ amo [a] « 1 a) wa |e | ff ‘The first profile Is for the camels, the second for the herdsman, i Mpors: lh paclaniser and care count shaving Inprosed Weapons } ae ‘Nenm i | Speci ules: ack Comes, eying to horses } 1 Upgrades: None ly ) ‘The unit consists of one herdsman and 5-9 camels. The herdsman may not be the target of missile fire. This must. be split between him and the herd. Roll a D6 per hit, on a I-5 the wound ison the camels, on a 6 It Ison the herdsman Pack camels f ‘The herdsman may drive the camels as he wishas, including charging an enemy unit. In the event that the camels 24 lose a round of combat or the herdsman is killed the camels automatically flee and cannot be ralliedeS hn Ava SAITIC EGYPTIAN 609 - 323 BCE Lun Egypt... The warriors called Calasiries and Hermotybies are drawn (rom seperate nomes. The Hermotybie . ‘number up to 160,000 ... not one has learned any manual occupation; instead, they are free to devote all of thelr attention to military service. ... The Calasiries .. could number as many 35 250,000. These men are also forbidden to practice any craft, but engage only in miltary pursuits, and thelr sons inherit this stotus directly from their fathers.” Herodotus Strategy Rating: 2 Climate: Arid or Fertile ‘The pharaohs of the Salte Dynasty ruled Egypt from 664 until 525 BCE ruling from the city of Sais in the ‘Wester Delta, The Assytians had deposed the pharaohs of the previous 25th Kushite Dynasty of Nubia when they invaded Egypt in 671 BCE. Necho I, @ Prince of Sais, had been appointed as Ashurbanipal’s chief vassel in Egypt, and secured the North of Egypt but was killed in 664 BCE during the Kushite Invasions when they ‘captured Thebes. Fortunately the Assyrians despatched 2 significant force and defeated the Kushites forcing them from the country allowing Psamitik 1, Nachos’ ‘successor, to become ruler of all of Egypt and quickly United the country after capturing Thebes in 656, ‘When the Assyrians were forced to withdraw their Forces to deal with internal revolts in 652 BCE, Psamnitik quickly took control, though he was careful to demonstrate his loyalty to the Assyrians. During his reign Egypt adoptec ‘many of the trappings of earlier dynasties particularly those of the Old Kingdom. ‘The Egyptians soon sought to extend their realm, launching invasions of Syria and Palestine in 655 BCE. In 620 BCE Psamitik I managed to repulse the Skythians. Under his refan a major ship-building programme was Undertaken and a new strong navy was ull. With the final collapse of the Assyrian Empire in 612 CE Necho IT invaded Syria and Palestine extending the Egyptian sphere of influence throughout the Levant, Their control was short lived since their forces were defeated in 609 BCE at Carchemish by the Babylonians under Nebopolassar. In 593 BCE Kush was invaded incorporating the region of the Southern Cataracts within the kingdom. Cyprus was eventually incarparated into the Egyptian empire under king Amasis, and a naval alliance established with the Tyrant of Samos. From the onset the Saite kings employed many foreign ‘mercenaries, including Carian and Greeks, and even allowed them to establish a trading seitiement at Naukratis in the Western Delta, With the Babylonian conquest of Judah and Jerusalem many refugees fled to Egypt to avoid exile or life under the Babylonians and were resettied as a garrison of Elephantine, In S68 BCE the Egyptians were forced to contend with their previous allies when the Babylonians sought to invade, This was defeated and a mutual peace was later established in 547 BCE between the two powers to counter the rising threat of the Persians under Cyrus, Despite their intentions and best endeavours the two states were to fall quickly to the Persian armies, with Babylon falling in 539 BCE to Cyrus, and Egypt in 525 BCE to his son Cambyses.Vihe Egynt's new Persian overlords adopted the traditional title of pharaoh and became the 27th Dynasty but, unlike the Libyans and Nubians, they ruled through their local Satrap. The Persians proved to be benevolent rulers building many temples and public works and presided ‘over a significant strengthening of the economy. ‘With the Persian defeat by the Greeks at Marathon in 490 BCE, the Egyptians revolted and a series of local Egyptian kings contested Persian control of the country for the next 150 years, with various Persian attempts to remove the Delta kings falling until 343 BCE when Egypt ‘once again fel. COMMAND {A Saitic Egyptian army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. General y uy ‘The Persian reigh was short lived as their Satrapihati the country over to Alexander the Great in 332 BC ‘without a fight, following the Persian deteat at the Battle of Issus. Alexander installed his own governors: and with his death Egypt was to become the centre of the Ptolemaic Successor Kingdom, with their control only to fend with the death of Cleopatra in 30 BCE whereupon ther country became part of the Roman Empire. M mid A Saltic Egyptian army must include a general, at least two units of Hereditary Warrior Spearmen, and at least 20% of the total points allowance must’be spent, on mercenaries. 4 5 "ARIAY GENERAL, MOUNTED IN PHARAOH 942 942 2 NEAL so COMMANDER eet Leet | any cena rage fear Uparades: Commander may be mounted on a chariot (early period) or a horse (later period) ata cost of 10 ps. Up to 2 Sub-commanders SuscommanveR| B+ t Bet 4 NONE 35 Upgrades: col Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. ‘May be mounted on a chariot (early period) or a horse (later period) at a cost of 10 pts. A Saltic Egyptian army must contain at least two | Units of Hereditary Warrior Spearmen. For every three units of core infantry chosen, at least one cavalry unit from the support section must be taken. Hereditary Warrior Spearmen Models per unit: 16-30 cLoseo 10 ay 1 3 s+ [ae 4 «© [7 fa Weapons: Tong Spear, Hand Weapon Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: None Upgrades! May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model Hereditary Wartior Archers [cow [ro | | 1 | Weapons: ‘Composite Bow, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades; Up to 1 unit of Guards Weapons Tong Spear, Hand Weapon Armour: Light Armour, Large Shiela Special Rules: Steady Upgrades: Models per unit: 16-30 wa | at May add light armour upgrading ARM to 6 at a cost of 1 pt per model Models per unit: 10-30 In an Early Saltic Egyptian army may exchange light for heavy ermour upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to 8, at a cost of 3 pts per modelAraocus Pr SUPPORT & “For each unit Selected from the Core sectian one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish Section, .A maximum of 5 Support units may be chosen, Lp to unis of Mesum Cavalry Models per unit: 6-20 F onn | 20 [4 on Javelins, Hand Weapon 7 kemour Light Armour Special Rules: None Upgrades: None ~ Gp to 2 units of Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-20 orm | 20 [| # 4 >to |» | + [7 fa] Weapons: Javelins, Hana Weapon Armour: Light Armour Special Rules: None Upgrades: May exchange javelins for composite bows at a cost of 1 pt per model Up to 2 units of Heavy Chariots (Early Period only) Models per unit: 3-6 coseo | 19 |e 3 2 Weapons: Unarmed driver snd 2 crew armed with Javeling and Hand Weapan Acro: Light armour Special Rules: Fearsome Upgrades: May acd long spear to each erenman ata cost of 9 ps per chariot, or composite bow at & cost of 12 pts per chariot. Spear-armed models may add shields upgrading ARM to 3+ at a cost of 8 pts per charior. up to’2 units of Marines Models per unit: 8-20 ; Tong Spear, Hand Weapon Large Shield Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per mode, May exchange long spear for two-handed axes at a cost of 1 pt per model ‘A second unit may exchange long spear for throwing spears at no cost. SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Skirmishers. Models per unit: 8-15 skineaiste | 12 4 1 2 wa [4+ 1 sits [a ‘Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Composite Bow atmour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add Buckler upgrading ARM to 6+ at a cost of 1 pt per model.Weapons: Davelins, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Shield Ss Charlot Runners May add light armour upgrading ARM to 5+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Chariot Runners may only be taken if heavy chariots are alse chosen, ¢ MERCENARIES 2 Egyptian armies of this period included large quantitias of mercenary units from a varlety of nations. A minimum OF” 20% ang a maximum of 50% of the points available must be spent on mercenaries. As Egyptian armies Included large ‘numbers of mercenary troops from Greece, at least one unit of Greek mercenaries must be included, Mercenaries, Including the compulsory Greek unit, may be chosen from the lists detailed below, All units selected have: the Mercenarioes unit rule (CoE rule book, page 109). c Early Egyptian: Greek mercenaries for this period should be taken from the Allies section of the Early Hoplite Greek list (see page 54). 1 Late Egyptian: Greek mercenaries for this period should be taken fram the Allies section of the Later Hoplite Greek (page 66) or Later Spartan (page 76) lists. Sparta in particular was prominent in providing mercenaries for the later period. ‘Other mercenary units may be freely selected from any of the options below. Carian Mercenary Hoplites Models per unit: 16-40 Lose. Weapons Tong Spear, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Light Armour, Shield a Special Rules: Mercenaries, Phalanx (Classical) Uparades: None Judean Mercanaries Models per unit: 12-24 OPEN Weapons Long Spear ‘Armour: Shield | Special Rules: Mercenaries, Warband (never count as reckless) | Upgrades: Units of no more than 15 models may skirmish, exchanging thelr spears for javelins and | throwing spears, but lose the warband rule, Mercenary Skirmishers Models per unit: 8-15 seins [12 Weapons Tavelins, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: May add bucklers upgrading ARM to 6 at a cost of 1 pt per model, Every second unit may exchange javelins for throwing spears at no cost,Argon © pra Skirishers: Models per unit: 8-15 seams [12 4 1 ce + tofefe Weapons __Javelins or Self Bow, Improvised Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Mercenaries “Uparades May add Buckler or Light Armour upgrading ARM to 6+ at a cost of 1 pt per model. ‘Acab Infantry Models per unit: 16-40 (OPEN 2 4 1 2 wa [4 «feels «Weapons: Composite Bow, Javelins, Improvised Weapon ‘Aemour: None Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: None Up to 1 unit of Arab Camels Madels per unit: 6-15 Hand Weapon and None ‘Special Rules: Mercenaries, Terrifying to horses Upgrades: May add an additional rider, upgrading ATTACKS and HITS to 2, at a cost of 7 pts per model. May add self bow at a cost of 1 pt per model (2 pts If there are 2 riders). ALLIES Up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the allies section. Early Period: arty Saitic Egyptians may select two from the following. Cyrenaian Greek Libyan Neo-Babylonian Chaldean Empire Skythian Alternatively, armies may select alles from the Early Achaemenid Persian list. Later Period: Later Saitic Egyptians may select one from the following. Athenian (Later Hoplite Greek) Cyprian Kingdoms (see below) Libyan THE CYPRIAN KINGDOMS ‘At the onset of this period Cyprus was controlled by seven The Persians were the next great power to arrive in $39 Greek kingdoms, with the major power being Salamis. BCE, though their control was to be often challenged. The These were originally established by the Mycenaeans majority of the kingdoms joined the Ionians in their revolt sometime between 1200 BCE and 1000 BCE, although against the Persians in 498 BCE but the Persians quickly further kingdoms were to be established later. re-established their control as they suppressed the revolt. Those kingdoms that had remained loyal were richly In the early part of the first millennium Phoenicians rewarded by the Persians when they returned, established another kingdom in the South East of the istand around the new elty of Kition. With their arrival confict ja hele ofthe Fight, Stesaton Pajantal Camu! sae ts bea recuning event beoneen he Paecroe ot es igh Frente Cait ‘who commanded no inconsiderablebadyiof troo, insteteeke: Swank over wth them tothe enémgs, On this deseFion In 708 BCE the Assyrians under Sargon TI conquered the _ of the Curians = Aygive aoe report hyo. seven Greek kingdoms and the Assyrians were to remain ae Salaminians followed Searchoriot in control of the kingdoms for the next century. With the yu ‘waning of Assyrian control the kingdoms briefly regained their independence When the Saite Egyptians broke free from the Assrians land sought to extend their domains Amassis I! conquered the island in 570 BCE,“itd In 450 BCE the Athenians launched an expedition to Cyprus under Cimon. Unfortunately Cimon died besieging Citlum so, despite achieving victories both on land and at se, the Athenians were forced to retire, «..the Athenians made an expedition to Cyprus with two hundred vessels of their own and therr allies, Under the command of Cimon. Sixty of these were detached to Egypt at the request of Amyrtaeus, the king in the marshes; the rest laid siege to Citium, from which they were compelled to retire by the death ‘of Cimon and scarcity of provisions. Salling off Salamis Jn Cyprus they fought with the Phoenicians, Cyprians, ‘and Cilicians by land and sea, and being victorious on both elements departed home..” Thucydides Early in the 4th century BCE Evagoras 1 of Salamis sought {to take control of the entire island and gain independence Up to 1 Cyprian Sub-commander [svecommanen] 8x1 [gst [a2 | auvneroicueanen [55 May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts. This removes the Herole Leader trait Ifthe Upgrades Player wishes. 1-3 Units of Citizen Hoplites from'Persia. He obtained Athenlan support, though by/980) BCE the Persians had forced Evagoras back t0 {and forced him to surrender, thouah In their leniency they | allowed him to remain king. The Cyprian kingdoms revolted ‘again in 350 BCE, but Artaxerxes III crushed them in 344. Following the Macedonian victory over the Persians at Ts5us in 333 BCE, the Kingdoms quickly changed their allegiance , to Alexander In return for nominal independence, This meant that a significant portion of the Persian fleet. now! changed sides and facilitated Alexander's subsequent, ‘campaigns against the Levant and the eventual capture of ‘Tyre. With Alexander's death in 323 BCE the island, was. Initially contested by two of Alexander's generals, Antigonus., ‘and Ptolemy. Contral of the island swapped between the ‘two as they battied for control but eventually Ptolerny: was) Vietorious in 294 BCE and the island was to remain with the Ptolomeic Empire until was eventually absorbed nt the Roman Empire in 58 BCE. Models per unit: 16-40 Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour Large Shield Special Rules: Allies, Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: Up to 2 units of Cyprian Light Infantry May add light armour upgrading ARM to 44 at a cost of 2 pts per model. Models per unit: 12-24 Pen 2 ae 1 wa [4 4 ee ‘Weapons: ‘Self Bow, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Allies Upgrades: May replace bow with long spear, javelins and shield (ARM 6) at a cost of 2 pts per model. Up to 4 unit of Light Cavalry Models per unit: stinais | 20 4 4 7 Weapons: Javelin, Hand Weapon ‘acmour: None Allies None SAITIC EGYPTIAN ALLIES Saltic Egyptian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in thelr army list. They are subject to the “Allies” special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander Up to 1 unit of Hereditary Warriors Archers Up to 2 units of Light Cavalry 1-3 units of Hereditary Warriors Spearmen Up to 1 unit of Medium Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Skirmishersee ee CYRENAIAN GREEK 6 30- 320 BCE “Apries then assembled a large army and sent it against Cyrene, but the Cyrenaeans marched out of Irasa, and ‘engaged the Egyptians in battle at the spring called Theste and were victorious. The Egyptians, after all, had hod ‘no experience fighting Greeks before this and approached combat with them carelessly, and s0 suffered devasteting losses that few of them returned to Egypt.” Herodotus Strategy Ratin: Climate: Fertile ‘The Greek kingdom of Cyrene lay in the eastern part of modern Libya consisting oF five significant cities which gave it its name of the Cyrenaican Pentapolis. The cities included Cyrene, Barca, Apollonia, Euesperdes and Taucheira, with the main power residing with Cyrene. The city was originally founded by colonists from the Greek island of Thera at the direction of Delphie Oracle in order to improve the fortunes of Thera which had been suffering from a drought. Despite initial good relations with the native Libyans, to the extent that the Libyans had even directed the early settlers to a better site for their ity, the relationship soured. With the significant growth of the city following the Oracle at Delphi implaring Greeks to emigrate to Libya, resentment built up between the Libyans and the Greeks as the Greeks rapidly encroached inta Libyan territory. Eventually in 570 BCE the Libyans appealed to the Egyptians under Pharaoh Apries for aid and he sent a large army to assist his Libyan allies. The Greeks under Battus IL were victorious at the battle at The Well of ‘Thestis and the Egyptians were routed. The Egyptians were unable to respond quickly as Egypt was wracked by internal revolts. Eventually with the succession of a new Pharaoh Amasis Il an alliance was eventually forged between Cyrene and Egypt. In S60 BCE contact was made with the Carthaginians land the city of Barca defeated a Carthaginian fleet in the Gulf of Syrtic. With the death of Battus in 560 BCE 2 period of internal turmoil beset the Cyrenaeans under Arcesilaus. The city of Barca revolted and, with Libyan assistance, defeated the Cyrenaean army at Leucan with 7,000 hoplites being killed. Fortunately Arcesiiaus died shortly afterwards and his son Battus III came to power and stebilised the country as well as established strong ties with Egypt: When Battus III died in 530 BCE he was succeeded by Arcesilaus IIT who formed an alliance with the Persian King Cambyses following his conquest of Egypt. Further turmoil afficted the Cyrenaean state and Arcesilaus was briefly deposed before returning at the head of a ‘mercenary army in 515 BCE before being assassinated shortly afterwards in Barca, His mother implored the Persian Commander in Egypt to intervene and 2 large army was despatched to address the Barcan rebels, Despite being victorious the Persians suffered significant losses both in their battles as well as from constant harassment by the Libyans on their return to Egypt. Eventually the Cyrenaeans were to become clients of the Persians under the rule of Battus IV in §15 BCE. In 513 BCE the Cyrenaeans and Carthaginians fought, end established their mutual borders, Cyrenaea flourished Under Battus TV, but against Internal strife beset the country during the reign of his son Arcesitaus who only maintained his position by employing a significant umber of mercenaries. Despite these measuras he was eventually killed by rebels in 440 BCE and the various cities broke away from Cyrenaean control. {In 414 BCE a Spartan army on its way to Sicily managed to save the city of Euesperides from Libyan tribes who hhad been besieging them and in 413 Cyrenaea was able to reciprocate and provided Sparta with ships,With the fall of the Persian Empire and the submission of Egypt, Cyrenaea fell under the control of Macedonian Egypt and subsequently the Ptolemeic Empire. When ‘Thibron of Sparta brought a large force of mercenaries against Cyrenaea in 322 BCE, Ptolemy sent a fleet under Ophielias to defeat him. Ophelias became governor of Cyrenaea and In 308 BCE led @ large Cyrenaean force across the desert to support the Tyrant of Syracuse Agathocles against the Carthaginians. Unfortunately Ophellas was killed soon after his arrival by Agathocles. With the death of Ophellas cantrol of Cyrenaea fell Under Ptolemy. Although the Cyrenaeans often attempted: to regain their independence from the Ptolomelc Empire, they weren't able to successfully do so for any significant Period. Eventually the region transitioned to Rome with the death of Cleopatra in 30 BCE. [A Cyrenaian Greek army must include @ general and at): least three units of either Citizen or Levy Phalanx (at least one of each), or two units of Mercenary Phalanx, but inthis case only Mercenary Phalanx may be taken COMMAND ong ‘A.Cyrenaian Greek army must include a general but may nat include any sub-commanders, ; General J STRATEGOS 942 942 8 ARMY GENERAL, HEROIC 30 4 TTETRARCH ext [| ost 2 LEADER free | Upgrades: None Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader traits already included in the profile. Up to 2 Sub-commanders SUB"COMMANDER Upgrades: Bet None HEROIC LEADER 55 Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader tra is already included in the profile. CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. & Cyrenaian Greek army must contain at least three Lunits of either Citizen or Levy Phalanx (at least one of each). Alternatively 2 units of Mercenary Phalanx may be taken ‘as compulsory troops, but in this case only Mercenary Phalanxes may be taken as Core troaps ~ this represents the forces raised by Arcesilaus III and Arcesilaus IV. This army may not include chariots. Citizen Phalanx. Models per unit: 15-40 | «fel s [stele] “avelins, Improvised Weapon None Special Rules: None Upgrades: None ALLIES Up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Alias section. Troops may be selected from one of the following Athenian Later Hoplite Greek Later Spartan ‘Thessallien Thracian EARLY MACEDONIAN ALLIES Early Macedonian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in thelr army list. They are subject to the ‘Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 163 units of Macedonian Infantry Up to 1 unit of Skirmishers per Macedonian infantry unit“ov SKYTHIAN C700 - 100 BCE ‘they’ [the Skythians} make it impossible for the enemy who invades them to escape destruction, while. they themselves are entirely out of his reach, uniess it please them to engaye with him. Herodotus Strategy Rating: 3 climate: Steppe ("The Skethians were an Indo-European race who lived across the region between the northern coasts of the Black Sea, across to east of the Caspian Sea north of Bactria. They dominated this region as well as the surrounding lands between the 7th and 3rd centuries BCE. Whilst Herodotus wes specific in his use of Skythian to refer to a specific Saka tribe on the Pontic steppes this list assumes a more general version of Skythian to cover the three principle groups; the Saka Tigrakhauda or the Pointed Hat Saka, the Saka Taredraye or the Saka Beyond the Black Sea (which Herodotus Identines as the Skythians), and the Saka Haomavarga or the Haoma-Drinking Saka (an intoxicating and hallucinogenic plant), as well as the related tribes such as the Massagetae. These three principle peoples are divided into a multitude of tribes, many of which ere described in detall by Herodotus as well as the Maneaters, the Taurians, and the Black Cloaks, who did In fact wear black clothing, In the early 7th century the Skythians defeated the Cimmerians and, in the pursuit, clashed with the Medes before continuing their path of conquest into Assyria Following various successes they were eventually bought off by Esarhaddon with gifts and a royal marriage. Esarhaddon was able to direct the Skythian threat elsewhere towards Palestine and Egypt. ‘The Egyptians also bought off the Skythians who then retired back to Media when they sought to consolidate their control aver the region, ‘And they shall eat:up thy coi) andlithy Bread, they shall devour thy sonsindithy datighters, they shall eat'up!thy flocks and thy herds, they halleat thy vineard: aitdithy figs, a all A with the sword they sl destraWily strong ‘cities, whagginuthau fraistestae JEREMIAH 5:17 ‘They were eventually forced from the region sometime towards the end of the 7th century after thelr leadership was killed by the Medes, From the early invasions the Skythians learnt from thelr enemies and they modified their armament accaraingly, ‘Their arsenal of weapons increased from their traditions Composite bows and javelins to include swords, daggers, slings, long spears, axes and maces. Their armour evolved from solid bronze helmets to be replaced by scale plated helmets, and later many adopted the Greek helmets. Their leggings were initially scale covered leather, also later replaced by Greek inspired Greaves. Their shields were generally of two types, either a heavy wooden shield covered with iron ‘scales, of one ‘constructed from light woven willow fronds, Horses were initially protected by head plates but later were provided with leather aprons which extended to protect their forelegs.but nas killed by their queen who stored his head ina Nomads % wineskin full of blood to quench his thirst for blood. In To encourage decisive use of Skythlan. armies, ther” . 513 BCE Darius 1 invaded and Initially met significant victory points difference the army requlrasfor'a mareinal ‘The Skythian forces consisted of both cavalry and Infantry, though the cavalry tended to be dominant in the earlier periods, Both men and women fought. The cavalry tended to come from the richer strata of their society with the poorer classes and subject nations generally providing the infantry. The cavalry tended to adopt one of two primary roles ~ as heavy troops fully armoured and operating in 2 wedge formation relying on shack impact to overwhelm, or as light cavalry operating with bows andl javelins with little or no armour used to hharass the enemy ready for the heavy cavalry’s charge, In $30 BCE Cyrus invaded the Massogatae territory Successes in Thrace before crossing the River Ister Into the Skythian heartlands. The Skythians avoiced rect contact, stripping the land before his armies and ‘eventually Darlus was forced to ratire. COMMAND ] [A Skythian army must include 2 general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. General Pa A astp S. ( Bar neey Althouoh. the’ skythians Had been foi fi sancant isvouph Tae he eventually brought to an end by Phils Th 398, Bee. Sher eastem cousins were ase raught te acu by Alexander when he defeated the Massepatal in 328 BCR, ‘Their troops were to be found employed In armies over the following years and, in 310 BCE, partelpated inthe’ Besporan cv war. They were gradvaly to fade fom, try as their lands were slowly consumed by neighbours. f ies fharnge 2 A Skythian army must include a general and at lease 2 Units of Light Horse. ay Victory (See COE pages 132-33) Is above 20% anu to 50%. A craw is achleved for above 10% and upto 20%, ‘A “ietorious” score of 03% t 10% (normally 2 draw) results in a marginal defeat. ah INE goa | 942 2 / Ar GENERAL, MOUNTED [= eexenat eer] eet 4 : I Tparades: None Up to 2 Sub-commanders Uporade: ‘None CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. Horse. If any core infantry is taken, at least 2 infantry units must be taken Skythian Light Horse ‘OFEN OR Skanes 20 6 {A Skythian army must contain 2 units of Light Models per unit: 6-15 Weapons Tavelins, Hand Weapon } Armour: None : Special Rules: Cantabrian Circle, Feigned Flight Upgrades: May add composite bows at a cost of 2 pts per model. or exchange jevelins for 1 pt per model { Open order troops may add shields and throwing spears upgrading ARM to 5+ at a cost of 4 pts ! per model. \ | Skythian Infantry Models per unit: 16-40 ‘OPEN 12 a wa | ae Weapons: Wand Weapon, Javelins, Armour: None Special Rules: None { Upgrades: May add shields upgrading ARM to 6 at a cost of 1 pt per model. f May add throwing spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. May add composite bows at a cost of 2 pts per model.|, Ara: Py SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A,maximum of 4 Support units may be chosen. The number of Light Horse units (Irom the Core section) ‘mist be’ greater than the number of Noble Cavalry units in the army. Noble Cavalry Models per uni Weapons: Composite Bow, Hand Weapon, Long Spear - arriour: ght Armour Special Rules: Cantabrian Circie, Feigned Flight Upgrades: From c.600 BCE may add shields upgrading ARM to 4+ at 2 cost of 2 pts per model S May add hatf-metal barding upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model : From ¢.600 BCE may add half-metal barding and shields upgrading ARM to 3+ at a cost of § pts er model From c.550 BCE may use the Wedge unit rule at a cost of 2 pts per model. Whilst in wedge formation, may not use the Cantabrian Circle or Feigned Flight abilities. From .550 BCE may exchange spear for Kontos at no cost. Such units lose the Cantabrian Circle and Feigned Flight unit rules but gain the Wedge unit rule. They may not use shields. y-viThe kontos option represents Central Asian Saka tribes such as the Massagetae. SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen, ‘Stythian Horse Archar Scouts Models per unit: 6-15 sxummnis [20 Weapons ‘Composite Bow, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: None Special Rules: Feigned Flight, Scouts Upgrades: None ALLIES Up to 2596 of the points available may be spent an troops from the Allies section. If any Noble Cavalry are Knotos-armed, then allies may not be taken. “Troops may be selected from one of the following: Early Hoplite Greek (representing Black Sea Greek colonies) ‘Thracian (rhemphaia-armed troops may only be taken after c.400 BCE) SKYTHIAN ALLIES ‘Skythian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Skythian allies are subject to the “Allies” special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander Up to 2 units of Skythian Light Horse Up to 2 units of Skythian Infantry EY ARE ALWAYS COURAGEOUS:AND THEIR BOW aa |THRACIAN C. 700 BCE- 100 CE © “They would be the most powerful of nations I they did not enjoy fighting each other so much.’ Herodotus Strategy Ratin Climate: Forested ‘The Thracians were 2 disparate nation of tribes which controlled the north of Greece east of Macedonia across to the Black Sea and North West Anatolia, ‘The early histories are buried in legends but they were identified as early allies of Troy. They originally occupied the region of Macedonia but were forced out when the Argive exiles established thelr kingdom in the 7th century BCE. The Thracian territories were constantly under threat from Greek immigrants establishing colonies ‘long the Norther Aegean coastlines and the Black Sea coastline. In $13 BCE the Thracian territories were incorporated Into the Persian Empire and were forced to provide troops for both the invasion of Skythia and later for the invasion ‘of Greece under Xerxes. Whilst they were subjects to the Empire, this was really in name only as they constantly raided the Persian supply lines and even stole the sacred chariot. During the subsequent retreat the Thracian {tribes mauled the Persian army as they fled hore. ‘460 BCE savr the establishment ofthe Odrysian Kingdom, the first real attempt of unifying the tribes under one Tule, and was to be one of the richest kingdoms of the ‘era, almost as rich as the Athenian Empire at its height. During the Peloponnesian Wars the Thracians tended to ally themselves with the Athenians but were not always immune to overtures from the Spartans. In 429 BCE they invaded Macedonia and attacked the Chalkidian cities but were forced to retire when Athenian aid failed to materialise, In 423 BCE they again supported Athenian operations against Chalkidian cities, but in 422 BCE they provided a major part of Brasidas’ army which defeated the Athenians at Amphipolis, When the Odrysian Kingdom fragmented in 406 BCE ‘Athens courted both parts to secure troops against Sparta, but these were to prove insufficient to stave off their eventual defeat. The Spartan adventurer Clearchus ravaged the Thracian lands in 401 BCE, but this didr’t stop the Thracians accompanying the 10,000 into Persia, in which Clearchus was a commander. With the eventual retreat many of the Thracians changed sides, though the ‘majority remained loyal and accompanied Xenophon and the Greeks back to their homelands where they assisted the Thracian King Seuthes to establish his kingdom, With the end of the Peloponnesian Wars many Thracians supported the Spartans in their campaigns against Persia, though different tribes were often on opposing sides which proved to be a major abstacle to the Spartan king Agesiiaus when he had to fight his way home from his campaigns in Anatolia, During Seuthes’ campaigns to re-establish the Odryslan Kingdom many Greeks found employment within the Thracian army, not least being the Greek general Iphicrates,When Pip ascended tothe Macedonain tone he bribed off the Thracians whilst he sought to establish control over is ream. when’ the ‘recans. again Interferd in Macedonian afar by aiying with Athens, they losteontrol of the mines In Mount Paneslon Thrace vou tobe the subject of Macedonian sttentons rough thuchofPhilpsregn and were eventually suojusnted Macedonian contrl fatowing the defeats ofthe Tribal | sed Geee 39 9 wen Nearde seared trope for fis Ivasion of Persia. Thracian troops represented “Blt 20% ot his entire army n Perea ! kK | 111331.BCE 2 Thracian revolt agsnst Macedonia was © fase by Antipater nn securing ation! troops _forflexanderscempoigns In 325 BCE a major incuaton by the skythians and Geta nfcted a signifcent defeat Ubon tie Tiradan army. | wnt ne death of Alexander the Thracian tribes were “engaged both by the various Diadochi 2s well as their enemies, The Thraclans were instrumental in the ceath “Yo Antigonus Tin 309 BCE and managed to secure an Nadependent “Thracian kindom free from. Macedonian “control, ich wes firmly estelshed wit the capture 1 Sha parole of lysimiachos in 293 BCE. The Thracions Continued to provide mercenary troops to the Successor States, ver eften finding themselves on opposite sides. | 19197 BCE they supported Philp V against the Romans "'/st’Gynocephalac, though by 190 BCE they were to be found fanting for the Romens ogainst Antiochos at Magnesia COMMAND [A Thracian army must include @ general and may include up to 3 sub-commanders. Despite being allies, this didn't stop Thracian tribesnen ambushing the Romans on their return through Thrace. Jn'168 BCE the Thracians participated in the bate of Pycna fighting for Perseus and the Macedonians against <\ the Romans, But with his deteat Thracian involvement in Macedonian affairs vas to be significantly reduced. Over the next two centuries Thrace was slowly incorporated... Into the Roman Empire, with Luculus incorporating. | Northern Threce in 71 BCE, ond the subsequent.” annexation of Thracia by Claudius in the 1st century CE. ‘AThracian army must include a general and atleast two units of Warriors (both either Highland or Lowland) and 4 one unit of light cavalry. ‘Tribal Contingents All Thracian sub-commanders must be declared as ether lowland or highland and each leads his own tribaj Contingent of 1-3 units. IF the compulsory units taken are lovwlanders, all sub-commanders except one must be Jawlanders; up to one highland sub-commander may be chosen, and vice versa All other units in the army treat the sub-commander as allied and may not use his ML and DL effects. Highland sub-commanders may not lead Getae or Noble Cavalry, Before the game starts identify those units within’ the army which are from the same tribe as the sub- ‘commander. ‘The general is not subject to the above restrictions. "ARMY GENERAL, HEROIC | | General KING 742 WARLORD, ort Upgrades: None Lowland Warriors Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelin Arma Buckler Special Rules: Warband Upgrades: be worsened to N/A, (Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is already included in the profile. | Up to one lowland sub-commander may be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. (of Warriors (both either Highland or Lowland) and one unit of Light Cavalry. May add long spears at a cost of 1 pt per model (up until the mid-3rd Century BCE}, ‘note that the buckler only provides protection in hand-to-hand combat and against missile fire the ARM should LEADER Tree HEROIC LEADER, 35 ; | Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is already included in the profil ‘A Thracian army must contain at least two units Models per unit: 16-50Highland Warriors: ‘OPEN Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javeling ‘Armour: Buckler Special Rules: Warband Uporades: May add rhomphaia at a cost of 3 pts per model (from ¢.400 BCE), Marne) “note that the buckler only provides protection in hand-to-hand combat and against missile fire the ARM should be worsened to N/A. a Up to 2 units of Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 ‘OPEN OR Weapons: Tavelins, Improvised Weapon ‘Armour: Buckler we Special Rules: Cantabrian Circle, Warband (open order only) Upgrades: May skirmish at a cost of 2 pts per model SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section! ‘A maximum of 4 Support units may be chosen. "In formed units buekers only provides protection In hand-to-hand combat and ageinst missle fire the ARM should be worsened by 1 point. Up to 2 units of Getae Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 1 Weapons: ‘Composite Bow, Hand Weapon, Javelins Armour: Buckler Special Rules: Cantabrian Circle, Feigned Flight, Warband (open order only) Upgrades! May add fight armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at @ cost af 2 pts per model | Up to 2 units of Noble Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 OPEN 43 Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear, Javelins Armour: Light Armour, Buckler Special Rules: Warband, Wedge | Upgrades: May add heavy armour upgrading ARM to 3+ at a cost of 3 pts per model, 1f the compulsory core Warriors chosen are highlanders, only one unit of Noble Cavalry may be taken and a lowland sub-commander must be present to take them as part of his tribal contingent, SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section, A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen, Skirmishers Models per unit: 8-15 SKIRMISH ‘Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins Armour: Buckler Special Rules: None Upgrades May exchange javelins for slings at no cost. May exchange javelins for composite bows at # cost of 1 pt per model.Araxy ALLIES Up to 25%6 of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from ‘one of the following: Early Hoplite Greek arly Macedonian Later Hoplite Greek Later Lydian Illyrian ‘Skythian Bithynia: To represent the autonomous Thracians of Bithynia players should use the Thracian list with the following amendment, May select up to 25% of the total army points in allies from one of: ‘Thracians (may also be used to represent Paphlagonian Up to 1 Galatian Sub-commander si Upgrades: None rcommanoer| +4 Bat 2 ‘ALLY, HERO) Achaemenid Persian Empice Galatians (see below) les until 183 BCE) LEADER 35 "Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is already included in the profile } Up to 3 units of Galatian Warriors Models per unit: 20-50 ‘OPEN 2 Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins ‘Armour: Shield Special Rules: Allies, Limited Missiles, Werband Upgrades: May add throwing spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. THRACIAN ALLIES ‘Thracian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. They do not have to take compulsory troops and they do not have to select core troops in order to gain access to support oF skirmish troops. Thracian allies are subject to the “Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander Up to 1 unit of Light Cavalry (if warriors are lowland) 4-3 units of Warriors (highland or lowland, not beth) Up to 1 unit of Skirmishers Note that armies in this source book may not use rhomphaia-armed Thracian allies unless explicitly stated, SCENARIO OPTIONAL RULES Whilst the Thracians were noted as using wagons against Alexander (Appian regarding a battle against the Tribell) it was considered appropriete to exclude these from a general army list. They are reserved for specific scenarios and are only useble with your opponent's (or campaign umpire’s) permission. Rolling Wagons Rolling wagons are an upgrade for a unit of Thracian warriors and tre placed in front of them at a cost of 60 pts each. ‘They must bbe deployed on a hill (they can only roll dawnhill) and, i the unit moves, the wagon Is last. Tt counts as soft caver against missile fire and as a wall (see CoE pg 56, ROLL TO HIT) in combat, ‘The wagon may be “fired” as a stand and fire charge reaction but not against open ar skirmish order cavalry. It is then considered spent and removed, playing no further part in the game. Drilled troops, open order troops and skirmishers may avoid them in the same way as against scythed chariots. Ifthe wagon hits, i attacks as a scythed chariot (see CoE pg 93) and always needs a 4 to hit. It rolls 8 dice against closed, 6 cice against open, and 4 dice against skirmish order troops. (phew county Wargomes Foundry)we 3 Babylonian Commander (Wargames Foundry) 2 Eastern infantry such as these could see service in many atmies from Persians to Lydians, Skythians and more (Old Glory figures),CLASH OF EAST AND WEST When the Athenians, the Eretrians, and the rest of the expedition had arrived and were |'}.l: present in Miletus, Aristagoras organized an expedition against Sardis,” Herodotus ‘The Tonian Revolt “he sind of Naxos sought Independence from the Persian Empire fang revolted in 502 BCE which precipitated the Tonian Revo Inttaly the Tonian city of Miletus under Aristogores, sought ftrthe ts own positon by assisting the Persian Satrap Artapnernes by suppressing the revot in Naxos in 409 c=, Unfortunately the femre expedition proved to be a debacle and Aistagaras tre Tr the lot of his city with trat of Naxos and Sought to spread the ames af the revel further, In 498 BCE the foniane enlisted the aid of Athens and Eris, ‘ling upon te bance of TonlanLinship ane marched on Serie, {he repinal satrap capital of Artapheres. Thay eaptured the rath ‘hy ond sackes and Bumed fe down before marching back to er ce, Unfortunately the fontans were intercepted on thelr return and decisively defeated at Ephesus ater rel force was mcbllsad {rom the eutiying regions of Anatol. rom ths period the Greeks Were forced onto the delensiva. The folowing yeor the Persons ‘mabilsed three armies Under ton-n-lws cf Dare: Daurses, Hymases, and oeane, Further cties joined the revolt despite the Greek setbecks, and Soon Cyprus and the Halespent ad depezod ther tyrants ag wll ‘The Persians launched three main offensves and tadk the iative Despite achieving a brief respite obtsines at the battle of Pedasus In 497 the fonions were to be gradually efeated, with Filet {aling in 494 BCE. ‘Threugh 403 ECE the Persians concalidatod ‘hit gains and subdued the remaining ces along the west coact ‘of Anatola.Falloning his success Artaphemes implemented a Slgnfeant set of reforms to address the underlying causes of the Aiscontent in the region. Ths lef the thorny Issue of what to-do Sout the msiniang Greske, “The Greek and Persian Wars “master, remember the Athenians” Darus vowed to extract his revenge upon athens and Eretra fd san the most direct means of securing his empire hough the subjugation of all of Gresce. in #92 DCE preperatons mere $tarted to launey @ punitive invasion of Greece to puns Athens fand Erotra under Mardoniss, another son-in-law af Darus, Who assembled an army and “leet In Clcla. After subjagating the ‘Thacian kingdoms and Macedonia, Darts Sent emissanes tthe Greek states demanding "earth and Water as submission to Persian Fule. Not surpraingly tmoct cies duly submited though Athens 5nd Sparta both reuse. Marathon 1n'430 BCE, Mardonlus set eff with his Neet and, ater capturing Rhodes, Naxos and Dales, he besieged tho Eretrons ond razed tate ey before heading onto Athens. He then brought ni fest Into the Bay of Marathon a short way from Athens. After fling to get aid ftom the Spartans, the AiNenians mustered Wel army and eltacked the Persians after 9 signfeant aortion ofthe enemy larmy hed re-embarsed ther ships and headed to hens dirty. ‘The Persian army was defeated and the Atrenians hazy marches {o'the rele of thel cy. The Persians ware forced tp retire and lick thelr wounds before preparing for a second invasion. A revalt In Egypt trough interrupted Oariss’ plane and he dled shorty terwarde Hie son Xerxes was left continua his invasion plore {after betaging Eoyor bac inc te folds ofthe Empire, ‘The Invasion of Greece By 480 BCE Yarcer plane were completed, Whilst most Greck Stes again submited or watened from the sicelina, 2 cre group of states organised the Gree opposioan. Xerees personal led the ‘expetition and no expense was spared. Toops were mustered ‘fom throughout the emprre, anda Ist ofthe frees was catalogued by Herodotus. Wrist the army marches from Aaia over @ bridge of boats acress the Hellespont thelr Net shadowed trem slong the coast. Despite a heroic defence by the Spartans end their alles at Thermopylae the Porsians captured mest of Grasce, excling the Peloponnese, sacking athens fo exact their revenge. The tee turned Homever folowing the defeat of the Persian feet at Salamis forcing them to retire north as thet supply lines were compromised Xeryes daparted for Asia whilst Mardonlus took command of the army. In 479 BCE a combined army of Greeks defeated him 3 Piataea io Beata wt the remnants of the Persian test was destroyed at Mycale._Atabazus managed to extract the ernants 3n erm by fighting Ne way back through Macedonia ‘The Aftermath With the defeat of the Persians in Europe, the Greoks went on. the offensive anc took the war back to Anatol, Tey eapmured Byzantium and established control over the Hellespont an te sea reales to the Black See. After afaling out Between the Wicterous (Grecks the Spartans ret and Athens took on the montle of leadership. Arew alionceeslod the Delon League was etablshes and campaigned through the 470 sbersting the Greek elas as ‘well as Thrace, Cyprus, and Tonia, a Meanwhile out West - The First Siclian War Ds Whist t3eParsane were launching. ther attack on mainland [Greece the Carthapinians had also led an expedition against the Greeks in Sly. Athouah ancient scholars suggested thatthe Eno Invasions were oked current thinking f thac ey were net. The Carthaginians ccughe to limit the continual expansion ofthe Greeks westwards seess the ich island confronted them at Himers ‘The Slllans under the leadership of Gelon, Tyrant of Syracuse, sh ‘Theron, Tyrant of Agrigentum, defeated @ lvoe mixed meresnahy force outside Himers ending Carthagilan expansion ideas on the island for the next seventy years. Many slaves were taken ater the battie and used in the construction of vase chil buliog Drogrammes in Agrigentum ‘The Athenian Empire Despite being ombrofed in 2 war at home and a igestous ‘expedition to Egyp, the Athenians teak a more commancing "aie Inthe League, moving It treasury back to Achens. "Gradually the {League stopped belng an allance of aly states, instead simply & mans to secure Athenion overseas terol amitions, Becornng the baci for the Athenan Empire, ‘The Peloponnesian Wars Between 400 and. 448 BCE Athens and Sparta fowgnt the Fist Peloponnesian ar wien ended follwing the faled Athenian ‘expedition to Egypt and war formalised witha thirty Year bce.) Peace lasted litle more than fteen year before war broke out fagein wit the Second Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE. The early Stage of this war, the Archdemian Wer, sow Athens raiding the Peloponnesian coast, relying upon thei naval supremacy. whist {he Spartan led significant incursions ino atten. In 421 BCE a bret peace nas established Dut quickly collapsed as fighting sumed ln-a15 BCE Athens fed ene of the largest expeattons ever sen oversaas by a Greet ay to Siely atthe pretence of supporting {he Siclan cy of Segests agsint Selininte. "They eventualy fended up fighting Syracuse, the cominant poner of the island, ‘inch wes supported by Cori and Sparta. Although they enjoyed Intl "successes the expedition as dofeated completely mith almost to erira army and al of the Net destroyed or capture, Despite this defeat athens managed to struggle an unl 404 BCE before eventually surrendering to Sparta. Sparta praved to be ‘benevolent victor an Athens was allowed to survive, But Was fever to regin the pre-eminence fe had enjoyed decades belo. With peace estabished in Greece the focus briefly tuened to Persia {as Cyrus the Younger atterpted to take the throne from is brother Artarerses I He brought a large force of Greek mercenaries ll the way to the heart of Persia, the story of which le captured Xeneophon's Anabasis. Unfortunately for Cyrus his quest Tor the throne enced with dafeat at tne atte of Cuinaxa In 401. ‘The Corinthian Wars | No soonar had the dust settled from the Peloponnesian Wars than the wetars found themesives atodds. Spartan expansion am wae ‘ed a6 a cause and resutectin Tepes heading a eaaltion Involving Corinth, argos and Athens, wit Persioh support, egaint Spare 504." Busing the period Spertan armies campaigned throughout “Anatoli, sacking Lyla and Phrygia 2: well as in moinland Greece, After many years peace was secured In 286 with te signing of the king's Peace at Sardis which established Spartan leadership i (Greek affors for the next 15 yeas, ‘The Second Sicilian War In 410 the seventy years of relative peace on Sicily wae broken ven Carthage led 2 new expedition to the sland ard wien 3 few years of fighting had secured the Western half ofthe sland { eoing so they brouaht Dionysius to power as the new tyrant in Syracuse. Throughout his Ife he pursued an aggressive poly Against the Carthaginions and iverated many ofthe Grask cities from Carthaginian control. He supported “Sparta with troops during tre Peloponnesian wers. He also supported the Ilyishs against Epirus end sent aid to. Athens and Sparta in thei wer ‘painst Thebes. "By the time of hie death hn 36? BCE Olonyeus had axcended! hs domain to nclide Southern Italy and estaolshes fan uneasy peace with Carthage which was to last fr the ext SHO ecodesStrategy Rating: 3 ACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE 522-¢.430 BCE “They wore soft cops called tiaras, multicoloured sleeved tunics with iron scale armour looking like the scales of fish, viral trousers, Instead of aspides they carried gareha with their bows cases slung below them. They carried short ‘speers, large bows, cane arrows and daggers hanging from their belts beside the right thigh.’ Herodotus on Persian infantry Climate: Arid or Fertile “This list covers the Persion Empire at Its peak under the Tule of Darius end Xerxes. It ls sulted for Darius’ ill fated {ampeign against the Skythians and his greater success into India. The list also covers conflicts against the Greeks fram the Tonian Revolt until the start of the Peloponnesian Wars. “The forces of the individual Satraps may also be cravn from this list to cover internal uprisings and conflicts within the Empire. “The reign of Darius I commenced with the Empire in turmoil Egypt, Lydie, Armenia, Babylon, Elam and the whole of the East were all in rebellion, There wes a more direct threat fo the Acheemenids ae both the Persians and the Medes Sought to re-establish their lineage. Within a year Darius fad not only stabilized the Empire but also looked towards its expansion. There are Few datalls of the conquests of the Sake tribes or the annexation of India, but with both came trade, Immense weelth and further miltary resources to ‘Supplement those of the existing Empire, In 498 BCE Darius faced another major threat to his reign in the form of the Ionian Revolt. The Ionian cty states In isia Minor with the support of Athens sought to break free Of Petsian rule, capturing the town of Sardis. with the revolt Spreading to the Hellespont and to Cyprus, Darius was quick te mobilize his armies and quash the revolt. That mainland Greece had 9 hand in the revolt brought it directly Into conflict with the Empire. Darius responded rapidly, sending ' military force through the Hellespont to establish Persian futhority but algo sending envoys to many of the, Greek States "demanding earth and water for vassalage”. Most ‘accepted but Athens and Sparta refused the Persian King’s offen a decision that was to lead to war. By 490 BCE Darius had ralsed a great feet to seil against reece, Following rapid progress through the islands the fieet arrived at Marathon just outside of Athens, Due to the fear of the Persian cavalry on the open plain they had litle ‘option thay were to slow the Persian advance but to form 2 defensive postion in the hills Seeing that the route to Athens was open, the elite of the Persian army was despatched by sea to attack the city. ‘Again the Athenians had little cheice If they were to save their city and launched o successful assault across the plains bt Marathon, destroying the Persians and much of ther Net. In forced march they were able to Intercept the remaining Pessian army before i errived at the city walls, The Persians left but were to return fen years later to greater success. Following in his ethers foctsteps Xerxes raised an invasion force. It was a massive undertaking, raising troops from all of the satrapies of the Empire and bullding a canal around Mount athos to ensure safe passage of his troops away from dangerous shipping rautes. Two huge pontoon bridges ‘consisting of over 600 bridges convayed this huge army cross the Hellespont. At the seme time an alliance was forged with the Carthaginians that saw them launch their ‘own attack towards Sic. “The Greeks responded. An alliance was formed principally between Athens ane Sparta, but no common agreement was found 25 to how to conduct the defence of Greece. The Spartans and their fellow Peloponnasians proposed that te defences should be drawn up at the Isthmus of Corint. AS this would leave the rest of Greece open to the Persians, Including Athens, an altemative plan vias sought. Unable to resist the more numerous and mobile Persian forces on the plains of northern Greece the plan evolved to defend the ountein passes of Thessaly, "Two armies were sent, one lea by Sparta the other by Athens; neither was sufficiently large to achieve its task and so both were forced to retreat to central Greece where the passes were narrow and more easily defended,Mek Perhaps more importantly this area also limited access by sea to the narrow strats of the Euboean channel where the sheer size ofthe Persian fleet would put tata disadvantage ‘The Greeks resolved t9 make their famous stand st ‘Thermopylae, more Importantly the Persian Tleat was lost or scattered by a storm. ‘At. Thermopylae the Greeks, led by the Spartan King Leonidas, defended the pass against a series of Persian {attacks lasting for several days. Ultimately this herolc stance \was insufficient to buy enough time to prepare defences for the rest of Greece and Atnens was wide apen to attack. ‘The lathenians evacusted the cy and the Spartans withdrew ‘to the Isthmus of Corinth, their originally preferred tine of ‘defence. The Persians sacked Athens. However control of Greece was not possible without mastery ofthe seas. TLwas inthe narrow straits of the Salamis Channel thet the Greeks broke the far more numerous Persian feet, leaving Xerxes army aut of supply and with litle option but to withdraw. Leaving forces in Thessaly, Thrace and Macedonia Xerxes headed back to Persia to stave off potential rebellions at home ‘The final direct Persian assault on the Greek mainland took place the following year when the forces of the Empire were met by an Athenian ~ Spartan alliance at Plataes and Mycele. We aap? ret vetoree forced “Whe Perdlane. bck (ac Selespon. Further nervontions by the Persians in ‘were to rely upon diplomacy ane "persian re aes) ‘An Achaemenid Persian Empire army must tncde Wade as | saderinc one trata eran cea oa ieast one unit of Persion or Median infantry ana at lah Un o imperial Levy infantry. pi x eon the significant number of Satraps - Herodotus listing oe “ne nave sragamated te Straps ito redone prey ‘South, East, and West. Forces are designated as hag “‘aliabie fo all, or specie to @ region satraps To reflect the disparate and regional nature, of available to the Persian commanders each of the {troop types is classified by what region itis avallable. ‘To draw off troops from a satrapy you must either desi your general or satrap as being from that region, oF have 2 sub-commander to represent a satrap commander {rom that region, a8 Bi sf the Great King is leading the army, the Persian player may select from any list ; COMMAND ‘An Achaemenid Persian Empire army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commiandersisio fern. | enera | GREAT KING, 9+2 9+3 42 4100 { Ton Genewa | 9ea foe a STRAP eer Lees = fer} Uparaaes: Wore The Great King automatically comes with the King of kings tralt He may generate a further one but if Heroic Leader is rolled, this is exchanged for Companions. If the Great King is killed or flees the battlefield, all units/sub= ‘commanders in the army sufer an immediate and permanant -1 penalty to thelt ML score, Senior General may be designated as coming from a specific region and a Satrap must be designated as coming from a specific region. Up to 2 Sub-commanders ‘SUB-COMMANDER Upgrades: Bt May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts Bet + NONE ‘A sub-commander may be designated as a Satrap commander from a specific region. A single mounted Persian ‘sub-commander may lead a Flank March even Ifthe player does not win the initiative for the battle. The initiative result is considered to be a draw for establishing the result of the flank march. For all other purposes the result of the initlative roll still applies. CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. At least one unit of Persian or Median Light Cavalry, at least one unit of Persian or Median Infantry and at least one Unit of Imperial Levy Infantry must be taken. Persian or Median Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 Region al Weapons: _Javelins, Hand Weapon ‘Arm None Cantabrian Circle, Scouts May replace javelins with composite bows at a cost of 1 pt per model upgrades:© peta oration infantry Models per unit: 16-40 cioso | 10 ctoxeo [10 ae 6 fe fu ‘The first profile is for spearmen, the second for archers. al Spearmen - Hand Weapon, Long Spear Archers - Hand Weapon, Composite Bow Spearmen - Large Shield Archers - None |Special Rules: Expert Archers, Mixed Formation, Spara Upgrades: Entire unit may add light armour, spearmen upgrading ARM to 4+ (+2 pts per model) and 1 archers uparading ARM to 6 (+1 pt per model). {These Units must be modeled wit a single rank of spearmen and a least thee ranks of archers. Whi inthis )?* [vate Pos pss t es | Region: ‘South, except for Indians (East) Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Composite Bow Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: None ALLIES Up to 25% of the points avaliable may be spent on troops from the Alles section. These represent both allied troops 485 well as the more regular subject nations contingents. The Persian Player may only select allied forces from the ‘same region as the designated region of the general, or of a sub-commander within the army. If the Great King is. leading the army, the Persian player may select from any list, Troops may be selected from any of the following: Cyrenaian Greek (Region: South) Early Macedonian (Region: West) Indian (Region: East) Later Hoplite Greek (Region: West) Libyan (Region: South) ‘Skythian (Region: North, West) Theban (Region: West) ‘Thessalian (Region: West) Thracian (Region: West) — ACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE ALLIES ‘Achaemenid Persian Empire allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Achaemenid Persian Empire allies are subject to the ‘Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 1-2 units of Persian/Median Light Cavalry 1-2 units of Persian/Median Infantry Up to 1 unit of Imperial Levy Infantry Up to 1 unit of Persian/Median Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Imperial Levy Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Imperial Levy Light Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Iranian SlingersEARLY HOPLITE GREEK 500-440 BCE ‘After the troops were in position and the sacrifices had preven favourable then the Athenians were let loosé and allowed to advance, and they charged at a run towards the barbarians... They fought in the battle at Marathon Tor 2 long time. The barbarians prevailed in the centre of the line, Where the Persians themselves and the Sakai were deployed, and as the barbarians were winning here they broke through the line of the Hellanes and chased then Inland; but at the some time the Athenians and the Plataeans were prevailing on the wings,” Herodotus Strategy Rating: 2 Climate: Fertile ‘This Early Hoplite list covers the Greek city states in their wars against the Persians (and between themselves) during the first half ofthe fifth century BCE, ‘As Gréece emerged from the Archaic Period it wes a People spread across the Mediterranean divided into ‘2 multitude of city-states with a familiarity for wan, generally between one another. The evolution of the hoplite infantry as the mainstay of the Greek city state armies had created a shift in the political power within the citles as the working classes’ became empowered ‘and expected a greater representation in their cities ‘governments, ‘Athens had suffered from significant famines along with the rest of Greece in the late 7th century BCE which hed resulted in major dvil unrest. Despite the implementation of the Draconian Reforms in 621 BCE the unrest continued and was only addressed with the ‘moderate reforms of Solon in $94 BCE. These were only an interim measure as the noble oligarchy remained and it was only to be in the next century under Cleistnenes that in 510 BCE ‘true’ democracy began wnen the Spertan king Cleomenes I helped the Athanians end the Period of tyranny. All citizens would share in political Power, regardless of their status, so long as they were male and free. The Spartan - Argive feud continued through from the Archaic Period, though Argos was on the decline. She had been defected at Thyreatis In 545, and finally at Sepeia in 494 BCE which gave Sparta undisputed leadership of the Pelaponnese, With the Persian conquest of Lydia in 546 BCE the Anatolian Greek states were absorbed into thelr Empire, however in 498 BCE the Greek cities in Ionia revolted Athens and Eretria sent ald from the meiniend. and, despite initial successes, including the sacking of Sarcis the local Satrap capital, the revolt wes eventually crushed in 493 BCE. The Persians under Darius responded and despatched a punitive expedition against athens in 490 BCE but the force was defeated at Marathon, |1n 480 BCE Xerxes mustered a vast army from throughout the Empire and led a land invasion of Greece, forcing many of the states to submit and even provide forces for his army as he marched on Athens to exact revenge. The Greeks under the Spartan King Leonidas successfully delayed the Persian advance at Thermopylae, but were Unable to stop them, and so Athens fell and was sacked. Xerxes retreated following the Greek naval victory at Salamis and a combined Greek army at Plataea ‘eventually defeated the Persian land forces ‘The Spartans and Athenians continued to pursue their war against Persia by taking the fight Into the Empire. Sparta soon withdrew their leadership and retired back to Greece, but the Athenians continued under Cimon and hhad many successes. Eventually peace was established iin 449 BCE through’ the Peace of Callais which forced the Persians to recognise the independence of the Greek cities. “By this time though Athens and Sparta had entered into a new period of war in what was to become known as the Peloponnesian Wars. ‘An Early Hoplite Greek army must include 3 general and at least two units of Citizen Hoplites, li il 3 BAG LB: & les bs a Sap desea aso pyr” COMMAND Shomae \ tian ‘An Early Hoplite Greek aimy must include 4 general and may include up 101 ub-coomanaee me es . STRATEGOS 942 942 2 "ARMTHENERAL AEROIE | [E ereancr eat eat 2 LEADER Upgrades’ None "Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is already included in the profile Up to 1 Sub-commander - | HEROIC LEADER Upgrades: ‘None Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trat is already included in the profile. CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. An Early Hoplite Greek army must contain at | least two units of Citizen Hoplites. Citizen Hoplites Models per unit: 16-40 } ‘Weapons! Hand Weapon, Long Spear Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Levies, Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 44+ at @ cost of 2 pts per model. SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section, A maximum of 4 Support units may be chosen. Up to 1 unit of Mercenary Hoplites Models per unit: 16-30 Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Mercenaries, Phalanx (Classical) Uporades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model, oF, May add heavy armour, upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to 8, at a cost of 6 pts per model.ASB btjot ght cavalry Models per unit: 6-12 f 15 Y Javelins, Improvised Weapon =! None |Special Rules: None Upgrades: May skirmish at a cost of 2 pts per model. EG Upto 1 unit of Medium Cavalry ‘Models per unit: 6-12 k , | ‘umeomonoee| —8et [8st 2 Hie UA 5 parades; None Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is already included in the profile ry CORE a Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. two units of Citizen Hoplites. Citizen Hoplites A Later Hoplite Greek army must contain at least Models per unit: 16-32 close. Weapons Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Uparades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. — ee Levy Hopiites Weapons Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shielé Special Rules: Levies, Phelanx (Classical) parades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Models per unit: 20-50“Up'th 2 Units of Medium Cavalry Models per unit: 6-12 cioseD Weapones Long Spear, Hand Weapon Armour Light Arrmour Special Rules: None “Upgrades: May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. - SUPPORT For dich unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section, A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen, ~Ekdromoi Madels per unit: 6-16 (see below) ‘Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelin ‘Armour: Shield Spacial Rules: Ekdromos, Mixed Formation joWpgrades: None Ekdromos: this was a combined formation in which lighter troops were combined with a phalanx in order to drive awaiy enemy liaht troops who might otherwise have free reign to disrupt the slow moving hoplite formation. Whether. ‘Successful or not it was short lived, In game terms its an upgrade for any unit with the phalanx rule as long as they {are nat levies. For players who wish to portray this experimental formation the following rules apply. ‘The Ekdromoi (“out runners")may form up to two complete rear ranks of a phalanx. Provided that the phalanx does not move or dectare a charge, the Ekdromol may charge any enemy skirmish or open order infantry as if they were {at the front of the phalanx. Normal charge restrictions do apply rather than phalanx limitations and normal charge reactions may be made, The phalanx may not move later In the turn ‘once the Ekdramoi have charged they may not re-join the phalanx but may operate as a stand-alone unit. The usual Unit restrictions now apply, including minimum sized units (8 for the Ekcromol). Should a phalanx be charged from either the flank or rear any Ekdromos attached to the unit wil flee and are removed from the board. No penalties are ‘applied under these circumstances, The Ekdramos are ignored for the purposes of shooting at the phalanx and while a part of it may not themselves shoot unless they are eccupying the front rank due to casualties. ‘The Ekdromoi are ever counted as ranks for the purposes of depth bonus for combat resolution Up to 2 units of Merconary Hoplites Models per uni 6-30 Peo fof | 1 fst» to ts fefsl oo] Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: ‘May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4% at a cost of 2 pts per model‘OPEN Up to 2 units of Peltasts Models por unit: 10-24 Weapons: ‘armour: Special Rules: Upgrades: avelins, Hand Weapon Shiela None May add long spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. May he drilled at a cost of 1 pt per made! ‘One unit may be upgraded to Hammipoi with the cavalry runners unit rule at a cost of 1 pt per” ‘model, There may never be more Hammipol than formed Greek cavalry in the army. Units of 15 models or fewer may skirmish (and count as selected from the Skirmish section), Al Peltasts in the army must be either in open or skirmish order and there may not be a mix of both. Up to 1 unit of Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-12 Weapons: Armour: Special Rules: Upgrades: avelins, Improvised Weapon None None May skirmish at a cost of 2 pts per model SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. & maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Cretans may not be the first skirmish unit taken, Javelinmen Models per unit: 8-15 srinmisee [12 4 1 2 wa [4+ 1 [7 Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Javelin Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May replace javelins with sling or self bow at no cost Up to 1 unit of Cretan Archers: Models per unit: 8-15 seins | 12 a 1 3 6 4 1 7 [4 ‘Weapons: ‘Self Bow, Hand Weapon ‘armour Buckler Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: None Up to 40% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. “Troops may be selected from ALLIES ‘ane of the following Later Hoplite Greek (Athenian or Theban) ‘Thracian (may use rhomphaia from ¢.400 BCE) Up to 1 Sub-commander Later Spartan ‘Thessalian LATER HOPLITE GREEK ALLIES Later Hoplite Greek allies may be taken by other armies as Indicated in thelr army list. Allies are subject to the “Allies” special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 2 units of Javelinmen (may not outnumber hoplite units) 1-3 units of Citizen Hoplites- ATHENIAN <.480 - 330 BCE the Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity, ° 10 men who were not used to and in fact not disposed for any continuous labour. In some other respects the Athenians were not the oid popular rulers they had been at first... Thus while Athens was increasing her navy with the funds they contributed, a revolt always found itself without enough resources or experienced leaders for war.’ ~ ‘Thucydudes. Aracen: Lupry Strategy Rating: 3 Climate: Fertile This list covers the Athenian city state from the Second 9 Sicily in 415 BCE against Syracuse who, with Greek and Persian War until the conquests of Alexander, It is sulted for the emergence of Athens as a major city |/ state and rival to Sparta, Players wishing to field. an earlier Athenian army should use the Archaic Greek list |_ Sto 600 BCE or the Early Hoplte List between 500 and “© 480 BCE (covering the first Greek and Persian War) “Following the defeat of the Persian forces at Plataea, o Athens led a Greek alliance against the Persians through *Y'the Delian League to liberate their Ionian brethren who «had again risen in revolt. As athens grew confident so “Pid her ambitions and the loose confederation of the | Delian League soon became dominated by Athens. In 454 BCE the Delian League's treasury was moved to Athens in following their defeat in Egypt. yathenlan: aggression soon brought her and her ‘allies" Into canflict with Corinth and her allies in the First Peloponnesian War, This war saw Athens complete the | construction of her Long Walls as well as fight many battles’ throughout Greece against Sparta, Corinth, “Thebes and their allies, along with a failed intervention In Egypt. Whilst a brief Five Year truce was negotiated in | 451 BCE, a Thirty Years Peace was brokered in 446 BCE, though this only lasted for fifteen years. |The Second Peloponnesian War again brought Athens | into conflict with the Peloponnesians. After an initial Period of skirmishing Athens sent a major expedition to Peloponnesian aid, inflicted a major defeat upon the ‘Athenians who last their entire force in 413 BCE. Athens then attempted to fight a holding war as her enemies incited revolts throughout the Athenian Empire. By 404 BCE Athens had been defeated and surrendered, though she was saved from total destruction by the benevolent intervention of the Spertans, Although defeated, and to never again quite regain her previous imperial Standing, Athens continued to play a significant part in Greek politics. She alied to Corinth, ‘Thebes and Argos in the Corinthian War. Despite being a Spartan victory Athens managed to rebuild her walls. and fleet. Over the next few decades the Athenians: slowly sought to re-establish themselves with a new empire. With the rise of Macedonia the Athenians Sought to mobilise an alliance against Philip, but were to be defeated at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE. She. was to rebel against Macedonian dominance following the death of Alexander in 323 BCE but this was quickly, crushed by the Macedonian generals. Athens was to attempt several revolts to varying degrees of success {as the Successors fought to control the city. It was only with the eventual intervention of Rome that Athens was to be freed from Macedonian control, albelt by being replaced by Roman dominance. An Athenian army must include a general and at least two units of Citizen Hoplites (see Later Hoplite list). cone {An Athenian army must contain at least two units of Athenian Citizen Hoplites, Other Core units are below: (© Any number of Mercenary Hoplites ‘Up to 2 units of Medium Cavalry j SuPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish | sectlon., A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. Its Support options are: Ekdramoi | Up to 2 units of Light Cavalry (may be hipppotoxitai, exchanging jJavelins for self bows at no cost) Up to 4 units of Peltasts Levy Hoplites SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support or Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Cretans may not be the first skirmish unit taken. Available units: skirmishers: Up to 1 unit of Cretan Archers ALLIES Up to 33% of the points available may be spent on Allies. “Troops may be selected from one of the following: Cyprian Kingdoms (see page 27) Rise of Macedon ‘Syracusan/Siciliot Later Hoplite Greek (Including Argive or Theban) Thracian (may use rhomphaia from c.400 BCE) Thessalian ATHENIAN ALLIES ‘Athenian allios may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Allies are subject to the “Alies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander Up to 2 units of Peltasts (may not outnumber Citizen units) 41-3 units of Citizen Hoplites, Up to 2 units of Mercenary Hoplites Up to 2 units of Javelinmen (may not outnumber Citizen units)THEBAN ¢.394- 338 BCE “And if there viere only some way of contriving that a state or an army should be made up of lovers and thelr loves, they would be the very best governors of thelr own city, abstaining from all dishonour, and emulating one another ‘in honour; and when fighting at each other's side, although a mere handful, they would overcome the word.’ Plutarch on the Sacred Band of Thebes. Ds Strategy Rating: 3 ‘This variant list is intended to reflect the armies of Thebes during its expansionist phase, post the Peloponnesian ‘War period and up until the tise of Macedon. Armies before this period should use the Early or Later Hoplite main lst, ‘Thebes was the largest city in Boeotia, strateatcally placed in the central plain of Greece, Great rivals with fellow Boeotian city Thespiae, the two often found themselves ‘on opposite sides. In the Persian Wars the Thespians stood firm with Sparta whilst the Thebans sided with the Persians, fighting for Xerxes at Plataea, Thebes was to dismantic the city following the battle of Delium during the Peloponnesian war in which it sided with Athens, ‘The rivalry was to continue into the Corinthian War in which the Thespians took the Spartan side. Thespiae was ‘destroyed and its population exiled when Thebes was Vietorious at the battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE [As the largest city in Boeotia it headed the Boestian League that was raised to defend Bocotia against its larger neighbours (such as Athens) but also in-part to defend other Boeotian cities against Thebes! Rivalry with Athens stemmed from the 6th century BCE when ‘Thebes ambition to annex Plataea and dominate Attica Climate: Fertile ‘ to establish a Theban Empire was thwarted by its more powerful neighbour. Thebes stood against Athens siding with Sparta during the Peloponnesian was but it was not Until the ath century that Thebes was strong enough, to, take 2 lead itself. The Corinthian War saw Thebes lead an alliance with Athens and Argos against the Spartans: ‘Thebes was finally to realise Its ambition in achieving | hegemony over Greece when under the great general Epaminondas it was to break the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra. This was to be short-lived though as within” 25 years all of Greece was to fall to the Macedonians" Under Philip and Alexander. We can of course not mention Thebes without also ‘mentioning the Theban Sacred Band. An Elite fighting force raised in 378 BCE and consisting of 150. hand picked pairs of fighting men. Plutarch reports them to have been homosexual couples that were Inspired by their lovers to fight with great ferocity. The Band Was short-lived, being destroyed by Alexander at the battle ‘of Chaeronaea in 338 BCE. [A Theban army must include 2 general and at least two units of Citizen Hoplites. COMMAND ‘The Polernarch may be upgraded as Epaminondas at a cost of 40 pts. He gives the army a Strategy Rating of 5. cone Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section, A Theban army must contain at least two units ‘of Theban Citizen Hoplites. The army's other Core options are: Up to 2 units of Medium Cavalry ‘Theban Citizen Hoplites closeD, Models per unit: 16-40 ‘Weapons! Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Deep) Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. support For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish ‘section. A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. The army may take the following Support troops: Ekdromoi Up to 1 unit of Sacred Band Up to 2 units of Mercenary Hoplites Up to 2 units of Light Cavalry Up to 2 units of Peltasts Up to 2 units of Levy Hoplites Up to 1 unit of Sacred Band Models per unit: 16-40 Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour Large Shield Special Rules: Drilled, Phalanx (Deep), Relentless Upgrades: May ada light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at @ cost of 2 pts per model.4 2 Thessalian SKIRMISH. “For each Grit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the ‘Support or Skirmish section, A 4 ‘maximunt of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen, Cretans may not be the first unit taken. Skirmish units available are. ‘avelinnen Up to 1 unit of Cretan Archers ALLIES Lup to 33% of the points aveilable may be spent on troops from the Allies section, Troops may be selected from ‘one of the following “Later Hoplite Greek (Including Argive or Athenian)* Later Spartan ‘TOne unit of Citizen Hoplites taken as allies may be Thespians (perhaps the speculative Melanochitones). This unit Sains the Steady unit rule at a cost of 3 pts per model. If players want to represent an ermy of Thespiae, the Later Hoplite Greek list should be used with the above upgrade for a single unit: THEBAN ALLIES ‘Theban allies may be taken by other armies as indicated In their army list. Allies are subject to the ‘Allies’ special stule (see CoE page 101). Up tot Sub-commander 41-3 units of Theban Citizen Hoplites Up to 2 units of Javelinmen (may not outnumber Citizen units) Up to 1 unit of Mercenary Hoplites ARGIVE ¢.450- 330 BCE ‘Next to them come the thousand picked men of the Argives, to whom the state had given «long course of military training at public expense.” ‘Thucydides ‘Strategy Rating: 3 ‘Argos was one of the leading city states as Greece emerged from its Dark Ages. Same of the earliest evidence of the armoured hoplita comes from Argos ‘around 720 BCE and the city Is credited as developing the phalanx by Herodotus, Situated in the Peloponnese, Argos was Sparta’s chiet rival in the 6th ond 7th centuries until defeat atthe Battle of Sepeia in 494 BCE by the Spartan king Cleomenes. ‘Argos was much weakened by the death of six thousand of its hoplites (about two thirds of the army) who were burnt to death in a sacred grove, a heinous crime in Hellenic society. Weakened or not Argos and Sparta remained bitter enemies throughout the era of the city state until eventually Rome stepped in to resolve it around 146 BCE, During the Persian Wars Argos remained largely aloof, providing little support to her fellow Greeks, which led to Fesentment and distrust. In the years leading up to the Peloponnesian Wars, Argos largely sided with. Athens against the Spartans. In 418 BCE, flouting the peace of Nicias, the Argives assaulted Epidaures. Spartan retribution was rapid. They raised a large army, invaded ‘Argos, and surrounded its army, Disaster was avoided when the Arsives persuaded the Spartan king, Agi, to. Climate: Fertile sign a four month long truce. This was broken when the Athenians under Alcibiades came to their assistance, leading a joint force to attack Arcadia and Tegea, ‘The Spartans responded marching @ large force into Mantineia to face them off. The Argives attacked with their elite right flank of one thousand epilektol (permanent soldiers drilled and supported by the city state), achieving initial success but ultimately losing the battle to the Spartan military machine, ‘Argos allied to Corinth during the Carinthian War, suffering significant defeats against the Spartans at Coronea in 394 BCE. Greater success was achieved alongside Thebes, Athens and Corinth in victory over the Spartans at Leuctra (371) and Mantineie (362). ‘While the Argives rushed forward on their own wing With the careless disdain of men advancing against Tonians who would never stand thelr charge, and were defeated by the Milesians with a lass of short of three Inundred men..." ‘Thucydides on Miletus ‘An Argive army must include @ general and at least one Unit of Argive Citizen and one unit of Levy Hoplites, nitinsaliiaepaauanitellicescone er Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. An Argive army must contain at least one unit of Argive Citizen Hoplites and one unit of Levy Hoplites (see Later Hoplite list), The army's other Core option ist Up to 1 units of Marines Models per unit: 6-12 sximas [12 ae 1 3 wa | 4 ee ae Weapons: Hand Weapon, Throwing Spear ‘Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 6 at a cost of 1 pt per model. support For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section, A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. Its Support options are: Up to 2 units of Light Cavalry Up to 1 units of Medium Cavalry Up to 2 units of Mercenary Hoplites Up to 1 units of Elite Argive Epilektol Up to 2 units of Peltasts Ekdromoi Up to 1 unit of Elite Argive Eallektal Models per unit: 16-24 [aoe Poof iw | 1 feta fot: [fsa] ‘Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) SKIRMISH, For each unit selected fram the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen, Cretans may not be the first skirmish unit taken Axpilable Skirmish units are: Javelinmen Up to 1 unit of Cretan Archers ALLIES Up to 33%6 of the points available may be spent on traops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from ‘one of the following: Later Hoplite Greek (including Theban or Athenian) Thessalian ‘Thracian (may use rhamphaia from c.400 BCE) ARGIVE ALLIES Argive allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Allies are subject to the 'Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 1.3 units of Argive Citizen Hoplites Up to 2 units of Javelinmen (may not outnumber Citizen units) Up to 1 unit of Marines { \Ara PHOKIAN 35 6 - 346 BCE “After the death of Onomarchus his brother Phajllus succeeded to the command of the Phocians, In an attempt 10 retrieve the disaster, he began to gather a multitude of mercenaries, offering double the customary pay, and summoned help from his alles.” Diodorus Siculus & Strategy Rating: 3 $list covers the later Phokians during the Third Sacred vars from 356 to 346 BCE. Armies for an earlier period should use either the Early Hoplite or Later Hoplite Greek sts: “© Phokia had remained a small player on the periphery of “the great combatants as they sought to control Greece, “however in 356 BCE she took centre stage and became o,the Focus of Greece for ten years. When Thebes was in »)it$ ascendancy it sought to punish the Phokia for previous | eventsin earlier wars. Thebes used its control over the *)Amphictyonie synod and applied a crippling ine upon the Phoklans for farming the territory of the Delphic Oraci. +..the Amphictyons brought charges against the Phocians and demanded of the Council that if the + Phiacians did not pay the money to the god, they should lay under a curse the land of those who were ‘cheating the god.” Diodorus Siculus “The! Phokians were unable to meet the fine and found themselves forced to confront Thebes. Fortunately Phokia was joined by Sparta who had suffered equally ‘at the hands of Thebes, as well as Athens who sought to Climate: Fertil counter Theban dominance. In order to finance their war effort they plundered the Oracle at Delphi. Large mercenary forces were fielded, which enabled the Phokian commanders to rapidly’ put new forces back Into the field even after suffering substantial defeats by ‘Thessaly, Thebes, and Macedonia, and keep an army in the field for ten years. It was only with the dwindling fRnancial reserves that Phokla was defeated and the war brought to an end. Harsh punishments were meted out following the war, but these were substantially reduced within a few years, The Phoklan army employed significant numbers of mercenaries and thelr cavalry was of a reasonable standard. They were also noted as being the first to ‘employ stone throwing catapults In battle when they ‘successfully employed them against Philip If of Macedon in 353 BCE. They were lead by competent commanders throughout ‘the war, the most notable being Philomelus {and Onomarchus, although both were to die through the ‘campaigns. ‘A Phoklan army must include a general and at least fone unit of Phokian Citizen and two units of Mercenary Hoplites (see Later Hoplite list). cone Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. ‘A Phokian army must contain at least one unit lf Phokian Citizen and two units of Mercenary Hoplites. The army's other Core options are: Levy Hoplites support For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish ‘section. A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. The army may take the following Suppart troops: Phokian Medium Cavalry Phokian Light Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Phoklan Medium Cavalry ‘Weapons Tong Spear, Hand Weapon Armour: Light Armour Special Rules: None parades: Up to 1 unit of Phokian Light Cavalry OPEN OF seimatse [1% Up to 4 units of Peltasts Ekdromoi Models per unit: 6-12 May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model, Models per unit: 6-12 ‘Weapons: _Javelins, Hand Weapon’ ‘Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: NoneSKIRMISH ein For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish Section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen, Cretans may not be the first skirmish uit taken, The ‘Skirmish units avaable are: ‘skirmishers Up to 1 unit of Cretan Archers ALLIES ii Lp to 33% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from one - of the Following: Later Hoplite Greek (Including Argive or Athenian) Later Spartan Thessalian PHOKIAN ALLIES Phokian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Allies are subject to the ‘Allies’ special) rule (see CoE page 101), Up to 1 Sub-commander 41-3 units of Phokian Citizen Hoplites a8 Up to 1 unit of Mercenary Hoplites Up to 1 unit of Javelinmen a SCENARIO OPTIONAL RULES r In 353 Onomarchos lead the Phoklans aganst Macedonian forces, defeating Philip of Macedon in two pitched battles. During these battles the Phokians mace the frst known use of stone-thrawing catapults in a battle. Use of these weapons is reserved for specific scenarios and are only usable with your opponent's (or campaign umpire’s) permission. Up to 2 Lithobolos (Stone Throwers) Models per unit: 1 (3 crew per weapon) Lose to 5+ | 1 eeceew wa [a so |) Weapons: ‘Sword ‘Armour: None Special Rules: Stone Thrower ~ Range: 30cm minimum, 120cm maximum; no shooting modifiers (including for range) except for -1 to hit cavalry, caelry and light chariots and +41 for infantry in square; KILL 3+; 1 shot; 206 hits on closed order troops; D6 on open order troops; 03 on skirmishers; no ARM save Upgrades: None If the weapon rolls a 1’ to hit immediately roll a further O% battle (remove the crew and count as destroyed). On a 3+ on a 1-2 the neapon is disabled for the rest of the: there is no effect, TEGEA ‘Tegea was Sparta’s staunchest ally and was an extremely effective fighting force in its awn right. The “standard” Late Hoplite Greek list Is used for Tegea with the following adjustments. Tegean Armies may upgrade any Citizen Hoplite Unit to Drilled at a cost of +1 pt per figure. They may only select Late Spartan or Corinthian (Later Hoplite list) allies. BLACK SEA GREEKS ‘The Greeks colonised the Black Sea region from the seventh century onwards. The eltles (Including 8yzantium) were a significant source of grain but Greek control of the area was likely to have been weak, encroaching upon Thracian terntories to the North and Skythia to the East. The “standard” Late Hoplite Greek list Is used for Tegea with the following adjustments. The support troop limit Is Increased for Black Sea Greek armies. They may field up to five Units of Peltasts.LATER SPARTAN C.450- 330 BCE “The walls of Sparta were its young men, and its borders the points of their spears." King Agesilaus - Plutarch ‘Strategy Ratin This list is intended to generate Spartan armias for the Period between the start of the Peloponnesian Wars through to the formation of the League of Corinth under Philip. ‘Throughout this period the Spartans became more than the ‘strongest of the Hellenes’. They established themselves as the major politcal force in Greece supported by an almost ‘invincible’ army before they were eventually toppled by the emergent force of Thebes and were to be dominated by the emergent Macedonia, "The Lakedaemonians are in fact no worse than any other men when they fight afone, but when they unite ‘and fight together, they are the best warriors of all.” Herodotus ‘Their army was renowned throughout the region following their successes against Persia and they used this to pursue their campaign into the Empire. Unfortunately their general Pausanias manages to alienate their Greek allies who went to the Athenians when he declared himself as Tyrant of Byzantium and was recalled to Sparta to face the ephors. ‘The Athenians established the Delian League along with the Ionian Graeks to continue their own war on Persia, \whilst Sparta retired from the conflict and formed the Peloponnesian League in response. As the tension between the two sides escalated the inevitable war broke out between them in 457 BCE. The Peloponnesian Wars, which followed over the next fifty years, saw a significant change in the polltical landscape of Greece. Athenian dominance grew through Climate: Fertile the might of her fleet, whilst the strength of Sparta’s army was rendered impotent by the long walls of Athens {as the Athenian army refused to face their Peloponnesian adversaries in the field. The war degenerated into a sefies of ralds and large skirmishes as each side jockeyed to establish local advantages. The two sides did seek to stabilize the situation and sporadic peace broke out ‘occasionally before the fighting continued again. In 425 BCE the Spartan navy was defeated at Pylos, ‘which resulted in the loss of 420 Spartiates at the subsequent battle of Sphacteria; the legend of Spartan invinciblity had been broken. ‘Nothing that happened in the war surprised the Hellenes so much as this, It was the general opinion that no force or famine could make the Spartans give up their arms, but that they would fight on as they could, and die with them in thelr hands.” ‘Thucydides on the Spartan surrender at Sphacteria When Argos entered the fray against Sparta In 419 BCE, the two forces met at Mantinela and Sparta’s pre- eminence in hattle was reaffirmed with the defeat of the Athenian and Argive armies. In 415 BCE Athens sought to break the deadlock by dispatching one of the largest forces sent overseas by a Greek state to conquer Syracuse. Sparta immediately responded to the plea for aid from Syracuse and within three years had secured the defeat of the Athenian navy and its army. Sparta immediately increased the pressure against Athens and with Persian financial ald built a fleet sufficently large enough to challenge Athenian naval supremacy, By 404 BCE Athens was forced into submission and Sparta was vietorious.With the war over and peace established Sparta dominated the Greek mainland. Under the Spartan king Agesilaus, Sparta led a successful campaign in Anatolia against Persia. When war with Corinth and her allies broke out Agesilaus was obliged to return. Again Sparta dominated the land engegements whilst Athens and Persia controlled the sea. Eventually peace was restored through the King's Peace in 387 BCE but it wasn’t to last ong, for within twenty years Sparta was at war with ‘Thebes which was to see significant Spartan defeats at Leuctra and Mantineia, COMMAND A Later Spartan army must include @ general General PS Even with the subsequent rise of Macedonia undef Philip: 7 Tl the Spartans were still @ force to be pe a With Phlip Il vletory st Cheeronela Sparta femal independent bu wae Forced to acknowledge Macecenien dominance in Greece. She was to take the fed against the Macedonians in’ verious revolts through ¢9. her eventual defeat In 222 BCE at Sellasia, when Antigonus Dason defeated Cleomenes II. 4 A Late Spartan army must include a general ahd. ati. least one unit of Spartan Hoplits, one unit of Pereikol Hopltes and one other unit of Hoplite: taken from either the Peiolol or Subject State Hopites = 1 and may include up to 1 sub-commander, ine 942 953 +3 x ‘ARMY GENERAL, HEROIC STRATEGOS ora 942 8 eee TETRARCH Bt eat 2 = Uparades: None Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is, Up to 1 Sub-commander Upgrades: None Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is, cor Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. Unit of Spartan Hoplites and two units of Perioikoi andor Si ‘Spartan Hoplites already included in the profile. HEROIC LEADER, 55 already included in the profile. ‘A Later Spartan army must contain at least one subject State Hoplites. Models per unit 12-24 Lose 10 4 1 4 5+ [4+ 1 [es | [ 2% Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Drilled, Expert Swordsman, Phalanx (Trained), Steady Upgrades: May add ight armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model Perioiko! Hoplites Models per unit: 16-32 coseo 10 4 1 3 3+ [a+ 1 [7 [7 [ua ‘Weapons Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at @ cost of 2 pts per model. Subject State Hoplites Models par unit: 16-3: costo 10 4 1 fo[7[a ‘Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Uparades: May ade light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model.Aran SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core sector section. A maximum of 6 Support units m: Hoplite Greek list, fone unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish jay be chosen, May include Ekdromoi (see page 68) as per the Later Up to Lunit of King’s Bodyguard Models per unit: 12-24 cosep Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear “armour: Heavy Armour, Large Shiela Special Rules: Drilled, Expert Swordsmen, Phalanx (Trained), Relentless Upgrades: None Representing the Hippets, King’s bodyguard of elite pure ‘born Spartiates, this unit may only be chosen if Spartan ~ king leads the army, He must deploy with the unit, Mercenary Hoplites closed. Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Levy Helot Hoplites Models per unit: 20-50 cLoseD. Hand Weapon, Long Spear Large Shield Special Rules: Levies, Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 44- at a cost of 2 pts per model, Up to 1 unit of Medium Cavalry Models por unit: 6-12 19 Weapons: Long Spear, Hand Weapon Armour: Light armour Special Rules: None Uparades May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 44 at a cost of 2 pts per model. ‘May upgrade to elites with HTH 4 and the Drilled unit rule at a cast of 9 pts per model. The elite option represents troops present in Agesilaus I's campaigns In Asia Minor folowing the Peloponnesian Wars.2 Up to 1 unit of Light cavalry Models per unit: 6-12) 15 ae 1 2 6 4 1 sfte[u |. Javelins, Improvised Weapon None Bs Special Rules: None rl Upgrades: May skirmish at a cost of 2 pts per model. ‘Up to 2 units of Peltasts Models per unit: 10-24 i OPEN 2 ae 1 3 6 4 1 wz | aa lg ‘Weapons; Javelins, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Shield ‘Special Rules: None h Upgrades: ‘May add long spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. a May be driled at a cost of 1 pt per model. a 'A second unit may be upgraded to Skirital with ML 8 at a cost of 2 pts per model. ‘One unit may be upgraded to Hammipoi with the cavalry runners unit rule at a cost of 1 pt per model. There may never be more Hammipol than formed Greek cavalry in the army. Units of 15 models or fewer may skirmish (and count as selected from the Skirmish section). “The option to add long spears covers the evolution of lighter infantry from around 374 BCE. | SKIRMISH 1 For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section, A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Cretans may not be the first skirmish unit taken. 7 Javelinmen Models per unit: 8-15 A re ee ie Upgrades: May replace javelins with sling or self bow at no cost yun | SKIRMISH ‘Weapons’ Self Bow, Hand Weapon } ‘Armour: Buckler Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: None | ALLIES Up to 40% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from fone of the following: Later Hoplite Greek (including Theban) Early Macedonians (429 - 414 BCE) Saitic Egyptian yracusan Thracian (may use rhomphaia from ¢.400 BCE) LATER SPARTAN ALLIES } Later Spartan allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in thelr army list. Allies are subject to the ‘Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 1 unit of Spartan Hoplites © Upto 4 unit of Pericikoi/Subject State Hoplites Up to 1 unit of Javelinmen stevie orice Cixin}SYRACUSAN/SICILIOT €.485 - 211 BCE “The barbarians, believing that their opponents were deserting to them, had no idea at all of what had actually taken place; and when Agathocles had dravin near the enemy, he suddenly ordered the signal tor batte to be given, fell upon them, and created great havoc,’ Diodorus Siculus Strategy Rating: 3 Climate: Fertile ‘Syracuse is located on the South Eastern coast of Sicily and was to be one of the dominant Greek powers of the era. It was originally established by Coriathian settlers ‘around 734 BCE and gradually expanded its control of the local area at the expense of the resident Sikels. In 485 BCE Gelon, the tyrant of Gela along with his brother with his Heiron started an expansionist program against.many of the other Greek cities, and soon had control of Syracuse along with a significant portion of Sicily. The Carthaginians, who had previously focussed their attentions on the West of the island, felt that their interests were threatened by these aggressive moves and sent a large army to confrant Gelon, In 480 BCE at Himera 2 series of battles were fought, with the Greeks being victorious; the Carthaginian defeat was so significant that they weren’t to Intervene in Greek affairs ‘on the island for a further 70 years. When Gelon died his brother Heiron continued to expand his domain into Ttaly and left a very large strong realm upon his death in 467 BCE. His successor proved to be unpopular and was soon deposed and replaced by ‘a democratic government. During the Peloponnesian Wars the Athenians sent a significant expedition against Syracuse between 415 to 413 BCE to besiege the city ‘The expedition was a failure with all of the fleet and army being eventually captured or killed. Tt was a loss which Athens couldn’t bear and within @ decade Athens had lost the war. Shortly after the victory over the Athenians the ‘democratic government was overthrown by Dionysius 1. He pursued an aggressive series of campaigns against the Carthaginians but they captured many of the major Greek cities on the island, and at one point forced Dionysius back to Syracuse. They eventually forced a Peace treaty upon Dionysius which gave Carthage control over most of Sicily, Dionysius was to have many subsequent successes, including the capture of the Carthaginian island fortress of Motya, and brought many of the Ttaliot cities under his control. He even sent {troops to aid the Illyrians against Epiros. Eventually In 366 BCE the previous treaty was overturned and Sicily ‘was divided between Syracuse and Carthage. A brief period of unrest followed as Dionysius’ successors attempted to control the city and ‘the inhabitants eventually appealed to Corinth to aid them. Corinth sent the general Timoleon along with a small force and hhe quickly deposed of the old tyrant and established Control. Soon afterwards Timoleon initiated a campaign against the other tyrants on the island. Many of the tyrants sought Carthaginian ald and after a series of battles Timoleon eventually inflicted a major defeat upon the Carthaginians at Krimisos River In 341 BCE. The Carthaginians were happy to negotiate a peace which allowed Timoleon to continue his campaign against the tyrants for a further four years. When Timoleon retired in 337 BCE Syracuse enjoyed twenty years of relative peace and growth before a new tyrant took control with Carthaginian ald in 317 BCE, “Agathocles used the vast wealth of the city, as Well as many of Its richer Inhabitants, to bulld a large army and fleet and sought to take control of Sicily. He ‘was involved in many wars with Carthage despite his Initial cordial relationship. Agathocles suffered a series of setbacks and was forced back to Syracuse but, even with the Carthaginians outside the city, he launched his own offensive against them and led a large force to Arica where he defeated the Carthaginian armyat Tunis, including their Sacred Band and many heavy chariots. He eventually returned to Sicily and a new peace was negotiated. By 304 Agathocles had declared himself King of Sicily and, despite various mutinies and revolts,: “Yikgee he remained in control until he stepped down and »- Teintroduced a democratic government. Following his death, Carthage renewed its expansion on the island but within two decades the Romans arrived and the First Punic War started. ‘when Reme and Carthage went to war in the First Punic War. Syracuse allied to Rome and gained from the Telationship. When the Second Punic War started the city allied to Carthage, and notwithstanding the many inventions of Archimedes were not able to stop the city falling to the Romans. From this time on Syracuase was to’be tied to the fates of Rome. COMMAND 'A Syracusen army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders General TYRANT, Spee y This list covers the forces: of Syracuse from thél/Aést 7 Sicilian Wer until the loss of independen Romans. Earlier forces should be represented using the Early Hoplite Greek list with the addition of Sikel allies, A Syracusan army must include a general and at least” {wo units of Hoplites taken from either Mercenary or Citizen Hopites. Dos A Sieliot atmy must include a general and at lgast.one. nit of Citizen Hoplites and one unit of Milita Hopites. Mercenary Hoplites count as support and a maximum of” two units may be taken ¢ 8 ‘ARMY GENERAL, HEROIC 30. STRATEGOS oat ott LEADER 2 Free Upgrades Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader tra is already included in the profile. Up to 2 Sub-commanders. ‘May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pl Upgrade: Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader tra is already Included in the profile. CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. A Syracusan army must contain at least two: units of Mercenary andjor Citizen Hoplites. Citizen Hoplites close May be mounted on a horse at cost of {0 pts. This removes the Heroic Leader tral f desired TH Temoves the Heroic Leader trait if desired. Models per unit: 16-32 Hand Weapon, Long Spear Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: Mercenary Hoplites close May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at @ cost of 2 pts per model Models per unit: 15-32 Hand Weapon, Long Spear Light Armour, Large Shield Special Rules: Mercenaries, Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades; None Militia Hopltes closeD. Models per unit: 16-40 ‘Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Levies, Phalanx (Classical) Upgredes: NoneSUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish [Section, A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. ‘Siciliot armies may not take Spanish or Celtic, Mercensries or Medium Cavalry. Up to 2 units of Peltasts Models per unit: 12-24 2 Weepans:_ —Javelins, Hand Weapon irmour: Shield Specal Rules: None Unorades: May add long spears at @ cost of 1 pt per model. May be delle at coat of 1 pt per model Units of 15 models or fewer may skirmish. Peltasts appear in the army following the employment of Thracians in 390 BCE. SC Spanish Mercenaries (nat Siciiots) Models per unit: 16-32 Lose 12 Weapons: Throwing Spear, Javelins, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Shiela Special Rules: Mercenaries, Warband Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 5+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. ‘Spanish troops were initially employed by Dionysius in 396 BCE, Celtic Mercenaries (not Siciiots) Models per unit: 16-32 Hand Weapon, Javelins Shield Special Rules: Limited Missiles, Mercenaries, Warband Upgrades: May ade light armour upgrading ARM to 5+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Representing mercenaries employed from 370 BCE onwards. Up to 2 units of Syracusan/Siailiat Light Cavalry Models por unit: 6-12 avalins, Improvised Weapon None Special Rules: None May skirmish at a cost of 2 pts per model and must be taken from the Skirmish section. Siciliot armies may upgrade HTH to 3 and add hand weapons at a cost of 3 pts per model, s of Medium Cavalry (not Sicillots) Models per unit: 6-12 4 oe “Throwing Spear, Hand Weapon Light Armour Special Rules: None Upgrades: May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 44 at a cost of 2 pts per model, May upgrade to heavy cavalry; closed order and with the Shock Cavalry unit rule at a cost of 2 pts per model. “OF the cavalty only the Greeks who, led by Cllnon, were assisting the Carthaginians withstood Agathocles’ heavy armed {(cavatry] men as they advanced. Although they struggled briliantly, most of these Greeks were slain while fighting gallantly, and those who survived were saved by mere chance.” Diodorus siculusSKIRMISH Bede atc trom the Care sector one ik aye snaind file tne Supe otdins Garett Amun of Skraah unt rey be ehovon’ratna/Sleercs ny not be hw fret foot Sami cote Sicliot Skirmishers Models per unit: 8-15 Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Javelins Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May replace javelins with sling or self bow at no cost One unit may upgrade to Balearic slingers, exchanging javelins for slings, upgrading HTH to, SHOOT to 3+ and to 6 ata costo spt per moc or, ne unit may upgrade fo Cretan archers, exchanging javelins for self bows and bucklers, upgrading HTH to 3, SHOOT to’, ARM to 6 and ML to 7 at a cost of 7 pts per model, Both are have the Mercenaries unit rule, 4 ALLIES Up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from ir fone of the following: | Syracusan: —Cyrenaian Later Hoplite Greek Later Spartan, Italians (see below) Libyan (no chariots) Siatlot Tem Siciliot: Carthaginian Empire (Sicily) Later Hoplite Greek (Athenian) Later Spartan ssyracusan Sikel (not available If Sicillot Skirmishers or Peltasts taken) Up to 1 Italian Sub-commander ; suscommanoer| B+ t Bat 2 HEROIC LEADER 33 Upgrades: None Note that the ATTACKS bonus for the Heroic Leader trait is already included in the profile 13 Units of Italiot Hoplitas - same profile as Citizen Hoplites but with the Allies unit rule, [ee [of | + tote tet: to t7 ts] ‘Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. May replace javelins with throwing spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. SYRACUSAN/SICILIOT ALLIES ‘Syracusan/Siciiot allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army lst. Allies are subject to the ‘allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander Up to 2 units of Citizen Hoplites Up to 2 units of Mercenary Hoplites (Syracuse only) Up to 1 unit of Light Cavalry Up to 1 unit of medium Cavalry (Syracuse only) Up to 1 unit of Skirmishers (no Cretans/Balearics)-ELYMIANS Strategy Rating: 2 SIKEL, AND SICANIANS 450-330BCE "z J fesponse to this request the Sikels lad @ triple ambush for the Siclans an their march, and attacking them suddenly while off guard, killed about eight hundred of them and ail the envoys except the Corinthian by whom ‘fteen hundred escaped were conducted to Syracuse.’ ‘Thucydides Climate: Fertile ‘This list should be used to cover those native tribes and ‘non-Hellenised troops belonging to the three principle indigenous peoples in Sicily Elymians ‘These were primarily located in the North West of the Island and their major urban centres were at Segesta, Erice, Entella, and Taital. Throughout the earlier Period of this’ book the Elymians tended to support Carthaginain interests, though were careful to cultivate strong relationships with the local Greek cities of Selinunte and Himera. Despute chese relationshios Segesta was often at war with Selinunte. It was to be the conflict between Selinunte and Segesta which became the excuse for Athens to seek to intervene in the isiand politics in its il-fated expedition in 416 BCE. The Elymians rapidly Hellenised and adopted much of the culture as well as military structure, Whilst Segesta proved to be a dependable ally of Carthage in the First Punic War, the city changed sides to support Rome, and benefited significantly when Rome won. The Elymians were exempted from taxes and granted 2 special privileges under Roman rule in recognition of both peoples ‘sharing Trojan ancestry: The horse was one of the most common symbols of the Elymians due to their supposed Trojan ‘origins’, Other common images include the dog wha was the personification of the river god Crimisus who married the local nymph and subsequently gave birth to the founder of Segesta. Sicani These people were thought to be the oldest inhabitants of Sicily. They had early contact with the Myceneans ‘and Minoans, as well as early Italians and North Africans, “The Sicanians appear to have been the next settlers, although they pretend to have been the first of aif aborigines; but the fact shows that they were Tberians, driven by the Liguruans from the River Sicanus in Iberia.’ Thucydides ‘The Sicani generally existed as afarly loose confederation of tribes. As a people they seem to have accepted the Elymians, but early conflict with the Sikels when they arrived in Sicily led to the Sicani migrating away from their traditional lands, As with the Elymians, the Sieant adopted much of the Hellenic culture and gradually ‘merged with the Greeks, until, by the Roman era, they were no longer a distinct tribal group, Despite the legendary Sicanian king Kokalos, featured in the myth of Daedalus and Icarus, few prominent personages are identified with the Sicanians, though the name of the Sicanian Mountains recalls their legacy, as well as the island being known as Sicania in Greek literature. The only known alphabet of the Sicani was based upon Phoenician characters which were written from right to left. The Sicani are referenced frequently by Greek andl Roman writers including Appollodorus, Diodorus Siculus, Herodotus, Homer, Strabo, Pausanias and Ovid. q 7 Rode betdeal, i aaaSikel nes) These people reslded inthe Centre and North East of | ‘Syracuse was founded the year afterwards by Arta Z Gly, engineting rom Italy ter being eplced. by one ofthe Meraclas of connth, who beaan by driving the Cinboar ond Sabine toes, andthe language cut che sees fFom the Sand upon whe te Inger Shares many characteristics with the languages wien row stands Subeequenty evolved inte Latin Thucydides During the mid Sth century BCE the Sikls had 3 brie period of expansion under the leadership of Ducts. He ‘was eventually defeated at the Battle of Nomae when his. Former aly Syracuse joined forces With Aroges egan him Following his deat Ducebus wos excl to Corinth tnd his forees dispersed. He di eventually retin to Siely and estabished the Sicuo-Greek chy of Cale Acte with Cormthian support. When he eventually des In'aab tho Sikl setoments had become slgnieaney Helensed. hes During the Athenian intervention on the island in426 BCE sgsinst Syrocise, Sik! forces alied temseves with he Athenians. When the Aenlans retried in 415 BE they again sought a from the Stel ‘.. the Athenians in Sicily with their Hellenic ales, ar Such of the Sikef subjects or alles of Syracuse such as hhad revolted from her and joined their army, marched against the Sikel city Inessa, the Acropolls of which was: hheld by the Syracusans.." Thueyald ‘To raflect the later Hellenised forces of the Elymians, Sieanans and the Sikels, the Hellenic Siciiot list should Early conflict with the Sicani resulted in the Sikels forcing be used. AA Sikel, Elymian or Sicanian army must include them from their traditional homelands, and establishing a general and at least three units of Warriors, For the the river Salso as the boundary between the two. As ease of reference the name Sikel will be used as a generic the Greeks arrived there wes prolonged conflict with the reference for all three indigenous Sicllan peoples in this Colonies of Gela as they sought to establish themselves. list. COMMAND {A Sikel army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. General KING 942 a “Mune CENERAL CC oe t " Toarades: None Up to 2 Sub-commanders [urcomavoer] ost | ext [| nome Ys Upgrades ‘None CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. A Sikel army must contain at least three units of Warriers. Warriors Models per unit: 16-40 ‘OPEN Weapons: avelins, Hand Weapon Armour: Shield ‘Scouts, Warband NoneSUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section oF Skirmish _setion, A maximum of 4 Support units may be chosen, Up to 2.units of Sikel Nobles Models por unit: 16-24 ; Eon [10 |__aponss vats, Hana Weapon Fie, She Spedal ules: Warband |, Ubraes: May ad tt armour upgrading ARM o 5+ ata costo 2 pls per model { Up to 2 units of Cavalry oFeN 18 Wespons; _ _javeins, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: None | Special Rules: Warband FP) Upgrades: None i SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected fram the Support section or Skirmish section.. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Sikel Skirmishers Models per unit: 8-15 seins | 12 ‘Weapons: ‘improvised Weapon, Javeling © armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add shields upgrading ARM to 6 at a cost of 1 pt per model. ALLIES Up to 2596 of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from ‘one of the following Athenian (Later Hoplite Greek) Early Carthaginian (Carthaginian Empire Sicily) Sicilot/Syracuse ————————— SIKEL ALLIES Sikel allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list and are subject to the ‘Allies’ special rule (See CoE rule book, page 101). Up to 1 sub-commander 1-2 units of Warriors Up to 4 unit of Noble Warriors Up to 1 unit of SkirmishersTHESSALIAN €.600- 344 BCE. %). ‘and so the Thessalians, now that their allies had deserted them, medized wlth no further hesitation and indeed 20 zealously that they proved most useful to the King in the war." Herodotus Strategy Rating: 2 yee py \ Climate: Fertil Players may use this list to create 9 Thessalian army ‘through-out the period until their subjugation by Philip TLof Macedonia in 344 BCE, Thessaly was a land of renowned horsemen who dominated the fertile northern Grecian plains. Tt was ‘land separated from the rest of the world by three Mountain ranges: the Othrys, Pindus and Tantalsa ranges. Their land was ruled by povrerful noble families Who, In times of war, elected an overall commander, their ‘agus. The country had three principle cities (Pherae, Crannon, and Larissa) and was divided into four major regions controlled by the ruling noble families In the early 6 century BCE Thessaly was a dominant member of the Delphic Amphictyonic League, but was forced to subjugate itself to the Persians when they lnvaded following the perceived desertion of their southern Greekallies, Not anation to miss an opportunity the Thessallans used the Persian army to wreak havoc through the lands of their bitter rivals, the Phokians. They played a significant role in the Persian army of Invasion and, at the battle of Platzea, were placed in the Persian line opposite the Phokians. Following the Persian defeat the Thessallans were quick to change sides. ‘Throughout most of the Peloponnesian War, Thessaly sided with Athens and their troops were used to stop the Peloponnesians moving freely through the north. Tt was only @ Spartan force under Brasidas which managed to counter this tactic when he marched 700 helots and 1,000 mercenaries through Thessaly to support the Macedonians. During the 4th century the tribes united under Jason the Tyrant of Pherae subduing many of the neighbouring kingdoms and, following his death his son, Alexander, continued to lead Thessalian affairs. Alexander was to prove to be a resillent commander but not of the calibre Of his father and was eventually defeated at the hends of the Thebans, ‘His generaiship Is of the highest quality, he is one who whether his methods are those of plain force, ‘or working in the dark, or of seizing an unexpected ‘advantage, seldom falls to achieve his objectives.” ‘enophon on Jason of Pherae In 353. BCE Pallip {1 of Macedonia invaded: Thessaly during the Third Sacred War to counter the Phokians. Philip was elected Tagus and reinforced his position through marriage into two of the major noble families. During the first year Philip was forced to retire after ‘suffering two significant defeats, but the following year led a combined army including most of the Thessalian army and won @ major victory at the Battle of Crocus Field. Following Philip's death In 336 BCE Alexander assumed the title of Tagus, and the fortunes of Thessaly would be ties to the fortunes of the Macedonians until the arrival of the Romans, [A Thessalian army must include @ general and at léast three units of Light Cavalry.Avice Py COMMAND Fojooy ATbessalian army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. General pee OUNTED Upgrades: None rd core Players may select up to 10 unis frm the Core Troops section. A Thessalan army must contaln atleast three Units of ght Cavalry, Models per unit: 6-12 ‘Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Javelins ‘Armour: None Special Rules: Cantabrian Circle Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 5 at a cost of 2 pts per mode, May replace javelins with long spear and hand weapon at a cost of 1 pt per model, or, May replace javelins with composite bow at a cost of 1 pt per model. Up to 2 units may Skirmish and be given the Scout unit rule at a cost of 2 pts per model Up to 3 units of Noble Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 ‘Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins Armour? Light Armour Special Rules: Drilled Upgrades: May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. May add long spears at a cost of 2 pts per model. From the 4th century BCE, may have the Wedge unit rule at a cost of 2 pts per model. SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Support units may be chosen, Citizen Phalanx Models per unit: 16-40 coo | 10 4“ 4 3 s+ | ae + foe[s [a Hand Weapon, Long Spear Ms Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model.Weapons: Javelins, Hand Weapon Armour: Shiela Special Rules: Warband Upgrades: May add long spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. : Up to 1 unit of Mercenary Peltasts Models per unit: 12-24 ‘Weapons: Javelins, Hand Weapon Armour: Shiela Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add long spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. May be driled at a cost of 1 pt per model. Units of 15 models or fewer may skirmish (and count as selected! from the Skirmish section). SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Skirmishers Models pr uni SKIRPAISH 4 wa | 4 Weapons: Tmprovised weapon, Javeling Armour: None None May replace javelins with sling or self bow at no cost ALLIES Up to 20% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. ‘Troops may be selected from one of the following: ‘Achaemenid Persian Empire* Argive (Later Hoplite Greek) Athenian (Later Hoplite Greek) Early Hoplite Greek* Early Macedonian Later Hoplite Greek ‘Theban (Later Hoplite Greek) Wedge cavalry was a 4th century BCE development in Greece, so these armies may not provide alles if the Thessalian army includes such cavalry. ——— THESSALIAN ALLIES ‘Thessalian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Thessalian allies are subject to the ‘Allies’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 2-4 units of Light Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Noble Cavalry (may only be Wedge cavalry from 4th century BCE)ILLYRIA ¢.450- 168 BCE ‘But the Iyrians, forming themselves into @ square, courageously entered the fray. And at frst for a fong while tine battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain ‘and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacilated first one way then the other." Diodorus Siculus’ Strategy Rating: 2 Climate: Forested Si ui eft ‘The Illyrian people originally settled in the Western Balkan regions around modern Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina as well as parts of Croatia and Western Serbia at the start of the First Millennium BCE, land were to remain the dominant people in the region for the next thousand years. They were rarely a united nation, usually being a isparate group of tribes which shared a common language. The major tribes included the Ardiael, Taulanti, Pannonians, Dardani and the ‘Autariatae. {In the 8” century BCE the Enchele tribe established the first Illyrian kingdom which was to last for almost two hundred years before the Taulanti established their own kingdom, "The Greeks call those people tilyrians who occupy the region beyond Macedonia and Thrace from Chaonla and Thesprotia to the river Ister. This is the length Of the country. Its breadth is from Macedonia and the mountains of Thrace to Pannonia and the Adriatic and the foot-hils of the Alps. Its breadth is five days’ Journey and its length thirty, so the Greek writers say." Appian, Illyrian Wars In the 4% century BCE King Bardhyllus managed to establish a strong kingdam which combined the various tribes. In 393 Bardhyllus defeated Amyntas III of Macedonia and deposed him before Amyntes regained his throne a year later with Thessalian ald. In 385 BCE Bardhyllus defeated the King of Epirot with the ald of Dionysius 1 of Syracuse and took contral of the country but was evicted by the Spartans. Bardhyllus inflicted further defeats on the Macedonian kings and in 372 BCE cextorted large annual tributes. In 360 the Illyrians invaded Epirus again but suffered a significant reverse when the defenders ambushed them when they were returning home laden with treasures looted fram Epirus. In 359 BCE Bardyjlis defeated a large Macedonian army Under Perdiccas and took control of the Macedonian highlands. ‘amyntas had been defeated by the Ilyrians and Forced to pay tribute to his conquerors, the llyrians, who had taken Philip, the youngest son of Amyntas, 35 a hostage, placed him in the care of the Thebans, ‘When he (Perdiccas) was defeated in a great battle by the Ilyriens and fell the action, Philip his brother, who had escaped from fis detention as a hostage, succeeded to the kingdom, now in 8 bad way. For the Macedonians had lost more than four thousand ‘men in the battle, and the remainder, panic-stricken, had become exceedinaly afraid of the Tiyrian armies ‘and had Jost heart for continuing the war. ... and the Iiyrians began to assemble large armies and prepare for an invasion of Macedonia.” Diodorus Siculus In 358 BCE Philip I! lad the Macedonians to victory at the Battle of Erigon Valley, king Bardylis, and took control ‘of the eastern reaches of Iilyria 2s well as recovering the Macedonian highlands.“And since the Ilyrtans were stil left 2s enemies, he was ambitious to defeat them in war also. ..he led an ‘expedition into the Tilyrian territary, having no lace than ten thousand foot-soldiars and six hundred horsemen, ..Phillp, ordered his cavalry to ride past the ranks of the barbarians and attack them on the flank, while he himself falling on the enemy in 2 frontal assault began 4@ bitter combat but the Iiyrians, forming themselves into 2 square, courageously entered the fray. And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both ‘sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the ‘other, being constantly swayed by the valorous deeds of the combatants; but later as the horsemen pressed ‘on from the flank and rear and Philip with the lower of his troops fought with true heroism, the mass of the Iilyrians was compelled to take hastily to fight.” Diodorus Siculus In 335 BCE Alexander the Great defeated King jtis: and assumed control of even more ofthe Tlirian tribes, However, atthe death of alaxonder in 223 the lyriane revexerted theirindenencence and shook of Macedonion control and 2 decade leter had even expelled the Grass from thelr colony at Durres, : Eventually, cue to persistent piracy under Queen Teuta/\: the Roman Republic was forced to contend with them in three major wars between 229 through to 168 BCE | ‘when Rome finally overran the region. Emperor Tiberius — ‘eventually subjugated the tribes in 9AD. The Illyrian — were to remain volatile subjects and it was only under ‘Augustus that the last revolt was subdues. 4 Polybius noted that the Illyrians were 2 tribal people! of peasants led by nobles under an elected king; They were renowned warriors and Alexander employed many. in his army against Persia, An Tyran army must include ‘a general and at least two units of Warriors, COMMAND ‘An Illyrian army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. i General KING [rsy WARLORD 7H eit 4 Tree Upgrades: one Up to 2 Sub-commanders Us-COMMANDER Uparades: None CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. An Illyrian army must contain at least two units of Warriors. Warriors, Models per unit: 20-50 Javelins, Hand Weapon, Throwing or Long Spear Shiela Special Rules: Warband Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM All units of tlyrian warriors in the army must select the SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section oF Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Support units may be chosen. Up to 2 units of llyrian Nobles to 5¢ at a cost of 2 pts per model. same spear option. Models per unit: 16-32 Weapons Tavelins, Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour: Light Armour, Shield Special Rules: Warband Upgrades: None© Special Rules: Allies, Phalanx (Classical) AGB tof ane Cavalry Models per ult 6-15, 20 Weapons: __Javelins, Hand Weapon’ Armour: None Special Rules: Cantabrian Circle, Warband P yparades: May add throwing spear ata cost of 2 pts per model ‘May skirmish at a cost of 2 pts per model. 4 Up to 2 units of Syracusan Hopites Models per unit: 16-32 CLOSED. Weapon: Tong Spear aera Large Shield _/ Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. ‘These troops represent the 2000 Greek Hoplites sent by Dionysius in 385 BCE. Up to 1 unit of lyrian ‘Hoplites’ Models per unit: 16-32 ‘captured the Syrian Gates, the route into the rest of ther Persian Empire ra] \ Darius brought the Imperial muster to confront — ‘Alexander at issus onthe other side ofthe Syrien Gates but Alexander defeated him routing the Persien army) from the fed and copturing Darus family. Alexander, rapidly established control over Syria'and the Levant it fn attempt to deny Darius access to his feet though he was delayed by seven months by having to besiege the sland forrese ety of Tyre. Darivs attempted to Buy olf Alexander but woe rebuffed before Alexander headed South to conaver Eoypt, which fell without a fight, and then headed onto Cyrenala, In 331 BCE Alexander took his army across the Euphrates and Tigris and defeated another Persian army Under Darius at Guagemela. Darius was to spend the remainder of his life fleeing before Alexander's forces. ‘Alexander quickly captured Susa, the administfative heart of the Persian Empire, and then headed towards Persepolis. On the way he was forced to contend with, another Persian army at the narrow passes controling ‘access to central Persia, the Persian Gates, before finally being able to advance on Persepolis. After establishing the new Macedonian order Alexander set off to pursue Darius but arrived too late. Darius was killed by Bessos, ‘one of hs ovin Satraps, who had then proclaimed himself king before fleeing to Bactria, ‘A Rise of Macedon army must include @ general and at least three Macedonian Phalanes, 4 COMMAND A Rise of Macedon army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders. General ‘ALEXANDER Bet 943 3 100) STRATEGOS 242 942 2 [ALUMY GENERAL, MOUNTED 60. HIPPARCH Bet Bat “4 Free Uporades: None Aggressive. He may not generate a further one, Up to 2 Sub-commanders TAXIARCH Upgrades: Bet Bet H Instead of roling for one a sub-commander may choose May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts (and should be titled ‘Alexander comes with the following traits: Heroic Leader (extra attack included in profile), Companions, Strategist, the Heroic Leader trait,Avs CORE | Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section, taking at least three units of Macedonian Phalanx. Lariss Macedonian Phalanx Models per unit: 16-32 Sarissa ara Hand Weapon Shield _ Special Rules: Phalanx (Trained) © Upatedes: ‘May add light armour, upgrading ARM to 5+, at a cost of 2 pts per model. May be driled at a cost of 1 pt per model, Up to 1 unit of Hypaspists Models per unit: 12-32 Javelins, Hand Weapon Light Armour, Shield Special Rules: Drilled Upgrades: May upgrade to large shield upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. If no fewer than 16 madels strong may exchange javelins for long spear, becoming closed order: land a trained phalanx at a cost of 2 pts per model. MR becomes 10, 16.2 units of Macedonian Medium Caval Models per unit: 6-12 uy ‘open Weapons! Tong Spear, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Light Armour Special Rules: None Upgrades: None SUPPORT (For each unit selected from the Core section ane unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish ‘section. A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. Up to 1 unit of Companions ‘Weapons! Xyston, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Light Armour Special Rules: Drilled, Wedge Upgrades: ‘May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Up to L unit of Agema Hypaspists Models per unit: 12-32 ‘Weapons: Javelins, Hand Weapon Armour: Light Armour, Shield Special Rules: Drilled Upgrades: May upgrade to large shield upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. May exchange javelins for long spear, becoming closed order and a trained phalanx at 2 cost of is 2 pts per model. MR becomes 10, oF, If without large shields may exchange Javalins for sarissa, becoming closed order and a trained phalanx at a cost of 3 pts per model. MR becomes 10, May be Steady at a cost of 3 pts per model.Up to 1 unit of Prodramat weapons: Xyston, Hand Weapon ¥ ‘Armour None Special Rules: Drilled Upgrades: May add ight armour upgrading ARM to 5+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Up to 2 units of Thessalian Cavalry Models per unit: 6-12 Weapon: Long Spear, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Light armour Special Rules: Drilled, Wedge Upgrades May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model, May add javelins at a cost of 1 pt per model. Up to 1.unit of Greek Allied or Marcenary Cavalry. 20 4 Javelins, Throwing Spear, Hand Weapon Light armour None May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at 2 cost of 2 pts per model. Up to 2 units of Allied or Mercena Hoplites Models per unit: 16-32 cio | 10 4 sev | 10 + 4 + | a 1 a [20 close 4 1 3 8 2 ‘The first profile is for Allied, the second for Mercenary Hoplites ‘Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades! May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Up to 2 units of Thracian Peltasts Models per unit: 12-24 Weapon: Hand Weapon, Javeling Armour: Buckler Special Rules: Mercenaries, Warband (do not count as reckless if outside command range) Upgrades: May add long spear at a cost of 1 pt per model. May add rhomphaia at a cost of 3 pts per mode, ‘note the buckler only provides protection in hand-to-hand and against missiles the ARM should be reduced to N/A. Up to 2 batteries of Bolt Shooters Models per unit: 1-2 (2 crew per weapon) Lose 10 + peER CREW Weapons ‘Sword ‘Armour: None Special Rules: Bolt Shooter ~ Range: 90cm; KILL 3+; 03 shots; no ARM save Upgrades: None "Each Bolt Shooter costs 50 pls,AraxnsP SKIRMISH ‘For each unit selected from the Core section one unlt may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish’ section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. Macedonian Skirmishers Models per unit: 8-15 L 2 | Weapons! —Javelins, Improvised Weapon Agméur: None | Special Rules: None Upgrades: May replace javelins with sing or self bow at no cost. Up to 1 unit of Cretan Archers Models per unit: 8-15 srimmise [12 Weapons: Self Bow, Hand Weapon Armour: Buckler Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: None. “Up'to 1 unit of Rhodian or Agrianian Slingers Models per unit: 8-15 SKIUAISH Weapons: ‘Sling, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: May add buckler upgrading ARM to 6 at a cost of 1 pt per model Up to 1 unit of Palonian Cavalry Models per unit: 6-10 1 4 | eer wee ALLIES Up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from tone of the following: Athenian (Later Hoplite Greek) Later Hoplite Greek Thracian (may use rhomphaia) Iiyria ‘Thessalian RISE OF MACEDON ALLIES Rise of Macedon alles may be taken by other armies as Indicated in their army list and are subject tothe Ales! special rule (see CoE rule book, page 101). a. Up to 1 Sub-commander Up to 1 unit of Thessalian Cavalry 41-2 units of Macedonian Phalanx Up to 1 unit of Macedonian SkirmishersLATE ASHAEMENID PERSIA 430-3 30 BCE “Alexander will march against you, in fect he is probably on his way now.’ Plutarch ~ Amyntas’ warning to Darius & Strategy Rating: 2 Climate: Arid or Fertile ‘The heady days of the Achaemenid Empire ended with the Great king Xerxes. He was followed by a succession of weak, ineffectual kings who at best struggled to contain internal strife and maintain power. At worst they were litle more than despots. The army fall into similar daciina with strife between the satrapies and open rebalin common, This is typified by the revole af Cyrus tne younger wha was encouraged Dy fis ‘mother to overthrow his elder brother (also her eon). He Was defeated by Artaxervs II at the Battle of Cunaxa in 40S LACE. Cyrus’ army included a contingent of Spartan led Gree ‘mercenaries (the 10,000) who, accarding to the Xenophon, simply marched through the heart of the Empire back to Greece with little Persian resistance, discrediting the Persian army (at least in the eyes of the Greeks). The Empire Continued to maintain control and beguile her enemies, not through military campaigns but more through the effective Use of her vast Rancial asarves, It was Persion gold which had very effectively kapt Greece destabilised and unable to capltalise on earlier vietories against Persia, “The Persian archer can do what the ‘Persian Spearman cannot.” Common joke referencing the archer displayed on one side of minted Persian coins, suggesting that Persian money was more effective than the Persian Army In 358 BCE Artaxerxes {11 took over the Persian Empire and in the true tradition of great despots immediately had all of his relatives, irrespective of age and gender, murdered. He then turned to bringing his satraps back into JIine, brought the rebellious Caducia back under control, sefeated rebellions in Lycia, Cyprus and Phoenicia, and led 9 successful miltary campaign to recover Egypt from the Tesurgent Seite Pharaohs. For the frst time ina tong while the Persian Empire wes in a position it hadn't been since the lume of Xerxes, Given time the Empire may have recovered, however Artaxerxes vias poisoned by his adviser in 338 BCE, and we followed to the throne by his son who survived two years before also being poisoned by his adviser. His successor, Darius III, swapped drinks with the adviser so-survived ta lead the Empire, but wasnt to have the opportunlty to ebuild the Empire as a new threat had materialised in the form of Macedonia, Philp 11 had secured all of Greece under his control and ‘mobilised the Macedonians and Greeks reedy for an invasion of the Persian Empire. With Phil's death in 335 BCE, his son Alexander assumed leadership of the successful modern’ military machine which his father had bullt and marched across the Hellespont. The Persian forces mobilised to confront this new threat was the Persien army of old, supplemented by the heavy Greek infantry mercenaries recruited to bolster the deficlencies identified in the army 450 years previously. ‘The Satrap forces of the Western Empire met Alexander at GGranicus in 334 BCE and despite many near fatal Incidents Alexander was victorious "And in this struggle Alexander and his men gained the upper hand, not only because of thelr strength and ‘experience but because they used cornel-wood spears ‘against the Persians light javelins” ‘Arrian 1.15.4 In 333 BCE Darius led the full might of the Imperial army to meet Alexander at Issus but, despite having a numerical advantage and the cream ofthe Persian army inthe field, he ‘was beaten and fied the field leaving his baggage along with his wife and family to be captured by Alexander. Darlus was given a chance to recover as Alexander secured the Levant before heading to Eayotth so many of Darlus’s senior Satraps slain at Issus many “egions\ submitted without a fight. Darlus found Aimself ‘ighting the embodiment of a god when Alexander took on the mantle of Pharaoh. In 331 BCE Alexander caught Up with Darius and they fought again at Gaugamela ‘Darius had already assembled his forces fam al directions and made everyting ready forthe battle, He had fashioned swords and lances much longer thn bis | earlier types because it was thought that Alexander had hada great advantage inthis respect in the battle at ssa fi Diodorus Siculus 17.53. 3 pitere-eauipping many of his cavalry to be able to inter the Macednian xyston-armed horse, and employing ‘seythed chariots and elephants, Darius was again beaten ‘and foréed to flee: Babylon fell to the invader and then Susa before Alexender headed to the heart ofthe Empire at 1, Persepolis in 330 BCE. “alexander wheeled about opposite the gap, arrayed the «, Companion cavalry and the nearby portion of the phalanx Yh g wedge fermatin, and iad thar a¢ fl peed and wth [) 8War ory towards Darius hime.” Ba cele Arrian 3.14.3 | the King of the World raised his standard..Opposite each other they fought and his army suffered a heavy Gefeat. The king's troops deserted him and fed to thelr _etties” jriteg! Babylonian records of Gaugamela Y Eventually Darius was betrayed and killed by one of his’own Satraps, and so Alexander was able to assume the mantle (of King’ of Kings over the Persian Empire. although the ‘Campaign against the final remnants of opposition within the Empire would take 2 couple more years, Persia was firmly Under Macedonian control and was only to be lost with the ‘emergence of the Parthians in the second century BCE, ‘A Late Achaemenid Persian army must include & general at least one unit of Persian or Median Heavy Cavalry and at least three units of Imperial Levy Heavy Cavalry, Imperial Levy Light Cavalry and/or Imperial Levy Spearmen. Satraps “To reflect the disparate and regional nature of forces evelable to the Persian commanders each of the Persian troop types is classified by what region itis available to. Due to the ‘lgnificant number of Satraps ~ Herodotus listing twenty - vie have amalgamated these regional governors into regions, North, South, East, and West. Forces are designated by reaion as being “al” ~ available to all, or specific to a ‘gecaraphic region. ‘To draw troops from o satrap you must either designate your general or satrap as being from that region, or have a Sub-commancier to represent a satrap commander from that Region. If the Great King ls leading the army, the Persian player may select from any lis. WN COMMAND } ‘Late Achaemenid Persian army must Inu a general and may Inciude upto 2 sub-commanders. General \ {GREAT Ke B42 942 #4 [AIUAY GENERAL, MOUNTED ON j SATRAP Bt Bat 1 CHARIOT Upgrades: None ‘The Great King automatically comes with the King of kings trait. He may generate a further one but if Heroic (Leader ig rolled, this is exchanged for Companions. If the Great King Is killed or flees the battiefeld, all units/sub- ‘commanders in the army sufer an immediate and permanant -1 penalty to their ML score. | A Satrap must be designated as coming from @ specific region as noted above. ‘accompany a unit of Satrapal Guard for the whole battle. If on foot, the Satrap must Up to 2 Sub-commanders | Upgrades: May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts CORE May select up to 10 units fram the Core section. At least one unit of Persian/Median Heavy Cavalry and at least three units of Imperial Levy Heavy, Imperial Levy Light Cavalry and/or Imperial Levy Spearmen must be taken. Persian or Median Heavy Cavalry Models per unit: 10-24 | Region: Weapons: (on Sey Hand por ‘Armour: Light Armour Special Rules: Massed Cavalry Upgrades: May replace light with heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model If equipped with heavy armour may add half-metal barding upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to 18, at a cost of 3 pts per model.Regior Al Weapons: Javelins, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: ght Armour Special Rules: Levies Upgrades: May add composite bows at a cost of 2 pts per model May replace javelins with long spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. May be Drilled at a cost of 2 pts per model. ‘May replace light with heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. MR to 18, at a cost of 4 pts per model. The unit becomes closed order and has the Massed Cavalry unit rule. Imperial Levy Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15, 20 Region: Al ‘Weapons: Javelins, Hand Weapon aemour None Special Rules: Levies Upgrades: May add composite bows at a cost of 2 pts per model. Imperial Levy S} Models per unit: 24-50 Region: ‘Weapons: fond ‘Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour: Shiela Special Rules: Levies Upgrades: May add light armour or exchange shield for large shield upgrading ARM to S+-at a cost of 2 pis per model. May add light armour and exchange shield for large shield upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 4 pts per model. Imperial Levy Archers Models per unit: 24-50 Lose Region: aI Weapons: ‘Composite Bow, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Levies Upgrades: None Persian or Median Light Cavalry Models per unit: 5-15 OPEN Region: ‘al ‘Weapons: Javelin, Hand Weapon atmaur: Light Armour Special Rules: Scouts Upgrades May exchange javelins for composite bows at a cost of 1 pt per model.SUPPORT Araxcus E For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section oF Skirmish section, A‘maximum of 4 Support units may be chosen. Up to 1-unit of Royal Guard Cavalry Models per unit: 10-24 Regiont al Weapons: Long Spear, Hand Weapon p kemour: Heavy Armour / Special Rules: Massed Cavalry, Steady Upgrades: May add half-metal barding upgrading ARM to 3+, but reducing MR to 18, at a cost of 3 pts per model. “These elite troops may only be present in an army led by the Great King. cow [of | + 1+ tele: tele ls | Long Spear, Composite Bow, Hand Weapon ght Armour, Large Shield Special Rules: Expert Archers, Steady Upgrades: None “These elite troops may only be present in an army led by the Great King. Up to 4 unit of Satrapal Guard Models per unit: 16-32 Region al Weapons: Long Spear, Composite Bow, Hand Weapon Armot ght Armour, Shield Special Rules: Expert Archers Upgrades: May upograde to large shields upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model, These elite troops may only be present in an army led by 2 Satrap, Other Iranian Spearmen (Kardakes) Models per unit: 16-40 Region! all Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour Shiela Special Rules: None Upgrades: May add light armour or exchange shield for large shield upgrading ARM to 5¢ at 2 cost of 2 pts per model, oF, May add light armour and ‘exchange shield for large shield upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 4 pts per model. “First he posted some thirty thousand Greek mercenaries opposite tie Macedonians” phalanx. ‘Then on either side of these, he posted nearly sixty thousand of the so-called Kardakes...’ (Arrian 2.8.6) ‘other Tranian Archers Modals per unit: 16-40 Al Hand Weapon, Composite Bow None None May add light armour, upgrading ARM to 6, at a cost of 1 pt per mode!Hand Weapon, Long Spear Large Shield i, Special Rules: Mercenaries, Phalanx (Classical) Upgrades! May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. mM Lp to 2 units of Mercenary Greek Peltasts Models per unit: 12-24 West ‘weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins ‘Armour: Shield 3 Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: May add long spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. May be Drilled at a cost of 1 pt per model. Up to 1 unit of Phoenecian Marines Models per units 12-24 Region Wes Weapons: Throwing Speer, Improvsee Weapon emo Shiela Speci Rules: Levies Uporaces: None nto 3 seytnea chariots Models per unit: 1 r Lowe [its | iva [ecw [+ [os | [o> ts] [| Region: I Weapons: One unarmed driver armour: Heavy Armour Special Rules: Fearsome Upgrades: None Scythed chariots are taken as a single support choice, regardless of the number chosen. The army may have 3 maximum of 3. Up to 2 batteries of Bolt Shooters Models per unit: 1-2 (2 crew per weapon) [ax [io [a [omeaw] > [mm [= | 2 | Region: East Weapons: ‘Sword ‘Armour: None Special Rules: Bolt Shooter ~ Range: 90cm; KILL 3+; 03 shots; ne ARM save Upgrades: None Each Bolt Shooter costs 50 pts. ‘An army with the Great King, any scythed chariots, any Greek, Thracian or Libyan troops, or more than three Units of cavalry may not use bolt shooters.SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish seetion. A maximum of 3 Skiemish units may be chosen. iranian Singers Models per unit: 8-15 onben [AR | HOOT | ATacS [am [Aw | eu | ans Toop ML Ae] suman [tae 1 ES Rion an Weapons: Improvised Weapon, Stag Armout: None Special Rules: None Uparades: Every second unit may replace stings with vets at no cost Up to 1 unit of Cretan Archers Models per unit: 8-15 onoer | me | sHoor | Aarracks [ wT [| ARM | KIL | nits | BU] mo) pe srinmish | 12 3+ 1 3 wa [4+ a ae gion: West Weapons: Self’ Bow, Hand Weapon Armour: Buckler Special Rules: Mercenaries Upgrades: None (Cretans may only be taken if at least one unit of Mercenary Greek Hoplites or Petasts are also taken, ‘Skirmish Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 orber | me [ stioor | ArrAcks | Ht | ARM | Ki | Hits | DL LL | me seinmiste | 20 4 1 2 6 4 1 sis fa Region: al Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins ‘Armour: None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May replace javelins with self bow at no cost or composite bow at a cost of 1 pt per modelALLIES i 2 ipa 23% ofthe ports avalabe may be pet on rope rom the Alles section. These represen bahliled oops a5 wall as the more regular subject ations contingents. The Persian Player may only select alled forces on the tamereion athe desgated rayon ofthe generate Grea King lea re ory, te Peso olrer SSE rm ny region, oops iby be sled om a fre aes Cyrenaian Greek (Region: South) Indian (Region: East) Later Hoplite Greek (Region: West) Libyan (Region: South) a Lykian (see below; Region: West) Skythian (Region: North, West) ee Thracian (Region: West) Up to 1 Lykian Sub-commander om, x Uparadi May be maunted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts 1-3 units of Lykian Light Cavalry Models per unit: 10-15 20. West weapons: Javelins, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Allies, Warband Upgrades: May exchange javelins for throwing spears at a cost of 1 pt per model. 1-3 units of Lykian Warriors Models per unit: 24-40 } OPEN 2 4 1 3 s+ | 4 1 sts [2 Region: West ‘Weapons: Javelins, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Large Shield Special Rules: Alles, Warband Upgrades: May exchange javelins for drepanon at a cost of 2 pts per model ‘The second unit taken may add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+, but reducing MR to 10, ata!" cost of 2 pts per model, The drepanon was a one handed sickle lke sword mentioned by Herodotus as a traditional Lykian weapon, For the Purposes of game mechanics its treated as a rhomphaia. Up to 1 unit of Lykian Archers Models per unit: 8-15 swims [12 4 1 2 wa | 4+ 1 s[s[7 Region: West ‘Weapons; Self Bow, Improvised Weapon ‘Armour: None Special Rules: Allies, Upgrades: None LATE ACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE ALLIES Late Achaemenid Persian allias may be taken by other armies as indicated in thelr army list. Late Achaernenid Persian allies are subject to the ‘Alles’ special rule (see CoE page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 1-2 units of Persian/Median Heavy Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Imperial Levy Heavy Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Imperial Levy Light Cavalry Up to 1 unit of Imperial Levy Spearmen Up to 1 unit of Iranian Slingers‘ALEXANDRIAN IMPERIAL MACEDON 329-320BCE ‘Lam not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep} Lam afraid of an army of sheep led by a tion.” Alexander Strategy Rating: 4 Climate: Fertile ‘ith the death of Darius and the Persian Empire In his hhands, Alexander was joined by many of the old Persian "uling elite in his campaign against the pretender Bessos, Elements of the old Persian army were Incorporated into the Macedonian army, including the Greek mercenaries and the Hippakentistal {As Alexander advanced to confront Bessos he was forced to contend with revolts to his rear as well as conspiracies from within which resulted in one of his most trusted generals, Parmenion, being condemned to death along with one’of his sons, Alexander quickly secured Bactria defeating various subordinates of Bessos before Ptolemy eventually captured him. Alexander captured Sogdia. though the region was soon in revolt under Spitamenes (the previous Satrop), due to Alexander's heavy handedness in dealing with local death rites. He soon managed to subdue the region and headed north to confront the Skythian tribes across the Jaxartes River. Through effective use of artillery he defeated the inltial Skythian forces and soon negotiated a peace with the Skythian king, as well as their Charasinian neighbours. This secured his northern borders as well {a incorporating the Skythian cavalry Into his army. By 327 BCE he had stabilised the region, bullding a series, Of forts, when the rebels finally submitted and sent the head of Spitamenes to Alexander \with the north secure Alexander began his preparations for his invasion of India, Part of these plans involved restructuring the Macedonian army to incorporate various elements of the Persian army, as well as refining some of the existing Macedonian troops, including strengthening his companion cavalry and incorporating tha prodromal into their numbers. He introduced the hippakontistal, Skythian horse archers as well as Baktians, Sogdians, and other Persian light cavalry. In 327 BCE Alexander headed into India, rapidly subjugating the many city states and petty kingdoms in the Hindu Kush area, employing city assaults and fighting ‘minor battles, Following one such battle against the Assakanions his success brought many local kingdoms to pay fealty to him and, through successful gift giving and diplomacy, others foliowed. His actions though soon ‘brought him into conflict with a more serious rival in the form of Porus, king of Paurava. ‘The two forces met at the river Hydaspes where the Macedonians were forced to deal with 300 elephants {5 well as over 400 heavy chariots. The Macedonians managed to force their way across the river but their Infantry was severely battered through their contact with the elephants, though these were eventually neutralised by Alexander's light infantry. Alexender's cavelty eventually won the day and Porus was captured, only to be reinstated as king by Alexander, Porus was to see his reaim increase as subsequent Macedonian victories brought more into his domain Spl Ni‘Alexander's plans to extend his empire along the Ganges Were thwarted when the army revolted at the thought of “heading further eastwards and he was forced to agree to take the army home. He marched his force south along the Indus to the Arabian Sea, subduing and capturing the many cities along the river in a bloody campaign. When he reached the mouth of the river he took his army back to Babylon on a disastrous march through the Gedrosian desert. ‘Once back in the Empire Alexander implemented further reforms to the army. He increased the Persian companent including 10,000 Asian phalangites as well as his ‘complement of archers and singers. He experimented with new formations to incorporate archers into the Phalanx but abandoned these experiments as failures. COMMAND ‘An Alexandrian Imperial Macedonian army must Include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders, General Not content to remain idle Alexander started platiing) > his next great campaign; this time to the West, starting): with Arabia and then likely onto Carthage. Thése plans ‘were never Implemented as he died, or was perhaps poisoned, in Babylon shortly afterwards without. any confirmed helt, Within a short period his generals were fighting for control of his empire before it fragmented into the successor kingdoms which were to emerge from the ashes. a An Alexandrian Imperial army must include a general ‘and at least two units of Macedonian Phalanx. [ALEXANDER eet +> 3 Srnarecos a2 2 2 ARAACGENERAL.MOLINTED 7 Hipranci eet ari + nee Upgrades: ‘None ‘Alexander comes with the following traits: Heroic Leader (extra attack included in profile), Companions, Strategist, Aggressive. He may not generate a further one. Up to 2 Sub-commanders ‘May be mounted on a horse at a cost of 10 pts (end should be titled Hipparch) Instead of roling for one a sub-commander may choose the Heroic Leader trait. Py CORE Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section, taking at least two units of Macedonian Phalanx. Macedonian Phalanx closed. Sarissa (Pike), Hand Weapon Shiela Special Rules: Phalanx (Trained) Upgrades: Models per unit: 12-32 May add light armour, upgrading ARM to 5+, at a cost of 2 pts per model. May be drilled at a cost of 1 pt per model. Pantodapoi Phalanx. Sarissa (Pike), Hand Weapon Models per unit: 16-32 Armour: Shiela Special Rules: Phalanx (Trained) Upgrades: May add light armour, upgrading ARM to S+, at a cost of 2 pts per model | Representing the Persian and Asiatic troops raised to support and gradually replace the aging Macedonian veterans.Special Rules: © Uparades: ‘OPEN ‘Weapons: Armour: ‘Special Rules: Upgrades: oF fighting. OPEN The Hypaspists were not recruited from They were probably frst raised by Philip and the very nature of their recruitment, taining and reputation cemented their loyalty to the king. Up to 2 units of Persian Cavalry TTS entry represents the Persian cavalry Alexander integrated into the new army adopting the Macedonian style For each unit selected from the Core sect section. A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen. Up to 1 unit of Companions Tavelins, Hand Weapon Light Armour, Shietd Drilled May upgrade to large shield upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Jf no Fewer than 16 models strong may exchange javelins for long spear, becoming closed order ‘and a trained phalanx at a cost of 2 pts per model, MR becomes 10, tive social elite of Macedonia, nor were they raised alang tribal lines, Models per unit: 6-12 Xyston, Hand Weapon Light Armour Wedge None SUPPORT lon one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish Models per unit: 6-12 ‘Weapons: Arrmour Special Rules: Upgrades: Up to 1 unit of Prodromoi 2yston, Hand Weapon Light Armour Drilled, Wedge May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Models per unit: 6-10 garrison troops. ‘OPEN 20 7 | 8 | 3s Weapons “xyston, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Orlled Upgrade: The Prodromol were scouts but in battle that they were ethnically Thracian though they were more Iikely to have been Macedonian. ‘Their fate In the, ‘reorganisation of this time {s unclear; they may have been sent home, absorbed nto other units or used oe Up to 1 unit of Greek or Eastern Allied or Mercenary Cavalry Models per unit: 6-12 May add light armour upgrading ARM to 5+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. were usually deployed alongside the Companions. It has been assumed Special Rules: Upgrades: Javelins, Throwing Spear, Hand Weapon Light Armour None May upgrade to heavy armour upgrading ARM to 44+ at a cost of 2 pts per model,Up to 1 unit of Agora Hypaspists ‘OPEN ‘Weapons! aveling, Hand Weapon ‘armour: Light Armour, Shield Special Rules: Drilled ‘ Upgrades: May upgrade to large shield upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. May exchange javelins for long spear, becoming closed order and a trained phalanx at @ C63t BF” 2 pls per model. MR becomes 10, of ‘ IF without large shields may exchange javelin for sarssa, becoming closed order anda waned phalanx at a cost of 3 pts per model. HR becomes 10. May be Steady ata cost of 3 pts per mode Up to 2 units of allied or Mercenary Hoplltes Models per unit: 16-32 close close 10 [| « 1 Bees ty aeeer fete] te ot The frst profes for lied, he Stand Tor Meroenany Ropes, Weapons: Hand Weapon, Long Spear Armour: Large Shiela Special Rules: Phalanx (Classical) Uparades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Up to 2 units of Thracian Peltasts Models per unit: 12-24 = ‘OPEN Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javelins ‘Armour: Buckler Special Rules: Mercenaries, Warband (do nat count as reckless i outside command range) Upgrades: May add long spear at a cost of 1 pt per model. May add rhomphaia at a cost of 3 pts per model. “note the buckler only provides protection in hand-to-hand and against missiles the ARM should be reduced to N/A. silk Up to 2 batteries of Bolt Shooters Models per unit: 1-2 (2 crew + weapon) oso | to 1 PER CREW Weapons: ‘Sword Armour None Special Rules: Bolt Shooter ~ Range: 90cm; KILL 3+; D3 shots; no ARM save Upgrades: None ‘Each Bolt Shooter costs 50 pts. SKIRMISH For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen. skirmishers. Models per unit: 8-15 swims [12 Weapons: __Javeline, Improvised Weapon | srmour: None | Special Rules: None 1 Upgrades: May replace javelins with sling or self bow at no cost,Self Bowr, Hand Weapon Buckler | Special Rules: Mercenaries “upgrades: None j { “Up t6 1 unt of Rhedian or Ag Slingers Models per unit: 8-15 L R t ‘Sling, Hand Weapon [ None Yn cSpecial Rules: Mercenaries Vpgrades: May add buckler upgrading ARM to 6 at a cast of 1 pt per model. Up to L unit of Skythian Cavalry Models per unit 20 Tavelins, Improvised Weapon None Special Rules: Feigned Flight, Scouts Upgrades: May replace javelins with composite baw at a cost of 1 pt per model. ALLIES Up to 25% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Alles section, Troops may be selected from cone of the following Classical Indian Late Achaemenid Persian ‘Threcian (may use rhomphaia-armed troops) ALEXANDRIAN IMPERIAL MACEDONIAN ALLIES Macedonian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army lst and are subject to the ‘Alles’ special rule (see CoE rule book, page 101). Up to 1 Sub-commander 41-2 units of Macedonian or Pantodapol Phalanx Up to 1 unit of Persian Cavalry Up to 2 unit of Skirmishers‘Whereas among other nations it fs usual, in the contests of war, to ravage the soll and thus to reduce it to an uncultivated waste, among the Indians, on the contrary, by whom husbandmen are regarded as a class that is sacred and inviolable, the tillers of the sol, even when battle is raging in their neighborhood, are undisturbed by ‘any sense of danger, for the combatants on either side in waging the conflict make carnage of each other, but allow those engaged in husbandry to remain quite unmolested. Besides, they never ravage an enemy’s land with fire, nor cut down its trees.” Megasthenes Strategy Rating: 3 Climate: Fertile From the sixth century BCE the north of the sub- Continent of India was split into sixteen Mahajanapacdas, or great realms (Kasi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Valli, Malla, Chedi, Vatsa, Kuru, Panchala, Matsya, Surasena, ‘Assaka, Avanti, Kamboja, Gandhara), which stretched from Gandhara in the North West to Anga in the east on the loner Ganges. Of this, the little that we know comes from the later work by Kautilya, the Artha-shastra, and also from the epic poems of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. The realms were ruled by kings wha had supreme authority, By the fourth century BCE these hhad coalesced into four major kingdoms (Vatsa, Avanti, Kosala, and Magacha). ‘Around 520 BCE the northwestern region of Gandhara ‘came under the rule of the Achaemenid Empire, providing ‘great wealth and military resource to the Persian kings. In 334 Alexander the Great's armies reached India, defeating King Porus at the Battle of Hydaspes. Both the Persians and the Macedonians used Indian troops, in particular Indian cavalry. ‘they were large in stature, in fact the tallest men In'Asia, most of them eight feet tal or nearly so; that ‘they are blacker than ail the other races except the Etijopians; and that they were by far the noblest warriors among the inhabitants of Asta at that time,” ‘Arian ‘Traditionally the Indian army was built of four arms: Infantry, cavairy, chariots and elephants. ratio of one chariot to one elephant to five cavalry to fifteen infantry | recorded as being the ideal. The infantry were the bottom rung of the strict caste cystem, awing hereditary service to their king. Chariots and elephants were the higher echelon of the Indian army. By our period the earlier two horse light chariots seem to have been replaced by a wide variety of four or even five horse heavy chariots. Often the chariots were decked with bells and conches to strike fear into the enemy. “Lord of the wood, be firm and strong in body: be bearing as a brave victorious hero. Show forth thy ‘strength, compact with straps of leather and let thy Fider win all spoils of batt.” Hymn to the war chariot ‘The elephants were deployed as the shock troops of the Indian army, striking terror into the enemy. The Macedonians in particular were daunted by the beasts. ‘The cavalry were used in a flanking and pursuit role as Well as scouts. Intriguingly, “policing the army" is also mentioned as being their most important role. “Once a king mounted on an elephant and led an attack on the city of Benares. The soldiers who offered defences from within the city gates discharged a shower of missiles against the enemy at which the elephant was frightened a little.” Jataka Tales‘when, Alexander cought to take the Macedonian army. irther east, his army revolted and he was obliged to stop his advance and instead took his army south slong the Indus valley before heading back to Persia, Following his deathin 323 BCE @ vacuum was left in the Macedonian Indlan domain and this was exploited by Chandragupta, the ruler of the Nanda Kingdom, which dominated the central and eastern reaches of India, and incorporated __ the region into his new Mauyan Empire. “48 for the Macedonians, their struggle with Porus © blunted their courage and stayed their further advance | intorindia.” byt © Classical Indian | The Classical Indian army comprised of four branches: |e elephants, chariots, cavalry and infantry. Traditionally |, gach ofthese four arms was present when the army took sto the field, General {An Ancient Indian army must include a general and may include up to 2 sub-commanders, “Thi sperma alte to0 prescriptive for us as gafhers Of the Inder cry ini bak the longest of tes, Honiser ov eho tat eset ned tour hited amie, {a Ceca indian BABY it Woe a Sener! ond’ at least two uns of Hereditary ‘ifn Bri one ute gach rom tro ofthe cine ree branenee of te Indian army. In a other regards te Ist Dew. Shout be used to Yepresen a Classical Indlan army, Indian Mountain Tribes ‘We have also included an option to represent the Mountein Tribes who lived on the boundaries of the Persian Empire and also resisted Alexender’s advance along the Cophen River, An Indian Mountain Tribes army must include a general and at least two units of Mountain Tribesmen ‘The list below may be used, however the following troop types are not allowed in an Indian Mountain Tribes army: Chariots, Heavy Cavalry, Hereditary Infantry, Guard Infantry and Garrison Infantry. Elephants are restricted to one only. Plutarch COMMAND t GENERAL KING 942 942 2 30, "1 ARMY GENERAL eat ast Free Upgrades! Upgrades: up to.2'Sub-commanders May ba mounted on an elephant purchased separately from within the army list. IPnot, the ‘general must be mounted on a horse or chariot at a cost of 10 pts. 35 ‘May be mounted on an elephant purchased separately from within the army list. If not, may must be mounted on a horse or chariot at a cost of 10 pts. CORE | Players may select up to 10 units from the Core Troops section. A Classical Indian army must include atleast two units of Hereditary Infantry and one unit each from two ofthe other three branches of the Indian army (elephants, |___hatitsand cavalry). "An Indian Mountain Tribes army must include at least te units of Mountain Tibesmen. Hereditary infantry (Classical tndian oni) Models per unit: 16-40 | oPen to | 4 1 2 6 | # [1 [se] « oven vo | 2 Lm | w e[e|[z “The first profile Is for spearmen units, the Second for archer units, Weapons Armour: Special Rules: Upgrades: ‘Spearmen - Hand Weapon, Javelins or Throwing Spear ‘Archers ~ Hand Weapon, Composite Bow Spearmen - Shield Archers ~ None None May add light armour, spearmen upgrading ARM to 5: (+2 pts per model) and archers upgrading ARM to 6 (+1 pt per model) Spearmen may upgrade to large shield upgreding ARM to S+ (4+ IFarmoured) at a cost of 2 pts per model Any unit may add broadswords (Heavy Hand Weapon) at a cost of 1 pt per mode, [As long as there are no chariots or elephants in the army, each hereditary infantry unit may deploy a defensive wagon at a cost of 35 pts per unit. No part of the unit and its wagon may ; bbe placed within 10cm of their own table edge when deployed. It counts as soft cover against| DOE id Be anit: ‘Weapons? Hand Weapon, Long Spear ‘Armour Shlele Special Rules: Warband Upgrades: None Up to 3 units of Heavy Cavalry (Classical Indian only) Models per unit: 6-15 Weapons: Tong Spear, Hand Weapon ‘Armour: Shield Special Rules: None Upgrades: May ada light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 2 pts per model. Upto 1 unit of Heavy Chariots (Classical Indian only) Models por unit: 3-6 cioseo | 15 3+ 3 4 a Sly Weapons: Unarmed driver and 2 crew armed with Long Spear or Composite Bow, Javeling, Hand Weapon: ‘Armour: Light Armour, Shield a Special Rules: Fearsome Upgrades: None Up to 3 Elephants (Classical Indian) Up to 1 Elephant (Mountain Indian) Models per unit: 1 >, Pew Ls [om [over] + [ata Weapons: Two crew with Long Spear or Composite Bow, Javelins, Hand Weapon Armau Light Armour, Shield iy Special Rules: Terrifying Upgrades: May add a third crewman at a cost of 15 pts. r SUPPORT For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. A maximum of 6 Support units may be chosen, Tiibesmen Models per unit: 12-32 Weapons: Tong Spear, Hand Weapon | Armour: Shield Special Rules: Warband Upgrades: May replace spears with self bow at no cost or with composite bow at a cost of 1 pt per model, bt loses the warband unit rule, Up to 1 unit of Guard Infantry (Classical Indian only) Models per unit: 16-32 Weapons Hand Weapon, Javelins or Long Spear ‘Armour: Shield Special Rules: Steady i Upgrades: May upgrade to large shield or add light armour upgrading ARM to 5+ at a cast of 2 pts per | ‘model, oF, May upgrade to large shield and add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 4 pts per model. May add two handed weapon at a cost of 2 pts per model.Garriéon Infantry (Classical Indian only) Models per unit: 16-40 [wae | “The rst protle sf spearmen uns, the secand Tor archer ts Weapons ‘Spearmen - Hand Weapon, Javelins Archers - Hand Weapon, Composite Bow ‘armaur: Spearmen - Shield Archers - None Special Rules: Levies Upgrades: May add light armour, spearmen upgrading ARM to 5+ (+2 pts per model) and archers Upgrading ARM to 6 (+1 pt per model), ‘Spearmen may upgrade to large shield upgrading ARM to S+ (4+ if armoured) at a cost of 2 pts: per model. e—_————_—_— Mercenary Infantry (0-1 if Mountain Indian) open 10 4 1 3 oe | a pe 1 > pwte >a br pepo | The frst roe for spearien ils, the seo fer rhea Weapons: Spearmen - Hand Weapon, Javelins Archers - Hand Weapon, Composite Bow ‘Armour: ‘Spearmen - Shield Archers - None Special Rules: Mercenaries, Mixed Formation Upgrades: May add light armour, spearmen upgrading ARM to S++ (+2 pts per model) and archers Upgrading ARM to 6 (+1 pt per model). Spearmen may upgrade to large shield upgrading ARM to 5+ (4+ If armoured) at a cost of 2 pts per model ‘Spearmen may add throwing spear at @ cost of 1 pt per model. Light Cavalry Models per unit: 6-15 ‘OPEN 20 Weapons Javelins, Hand Weapon Armour: None Special Rules: Scouts Upgrades: May add shield upgrading ARM to S+- at a cost of 2 pts per model, Mountain Indians may replace javelins with throwing spear at a cost of 1 pt per model.Weapons: Four crew with Hand Weapon and Javelins ‘armaur: None Special Rules: See below Upgrades: May add light armour upgrading ARM to 4+ at a cost of 4 pts per model. mi *on the first turn of @ combat against an elephant, an antielephant cart requires a 4+ to Kill but wil revert to. needing a 6 in subsequent rounds. i" ‘The anti-elephant cart is the type of semi-mythical device that is beloved of wargamers to add “spice” fo! theif) games. Described as having wheels end equipped with a varlety of blades, hooks and poles it is manned by four” crew who push the cart along. They move and fight in the same manner as a heavy chariat but never douible their. | attacks when they charge and do nat count as fearsome. They ignore the terrifying effect of enemy elephants. ‘Should the crew flee or break for any reason the cart counts as destroyed. SKIRMISH a For each unit selected from the Core section one unit may be selected from the Support section or Skirmish section. ‘A maximum of 4 Skirmish units may be chosen ila Tribesmen Models por unit: 8-15 SKIRMISH Weapons Improvised Weapon, Javelin ‘Armou None Special Rules: None Upgrades: May replace javelins with sling or self bow at no cast. May add buckler upgrading ARM to 6 at a cost of 1 pt per model Up to 1 unit of Escorts/Runners per Elephant/Chariot unit Models per unit: 8-15 SKIRMISH Weapons: Hand Weapon, Javeline Armour Shield Special Rules: Charlot Runners or Elephant Escorts Upgrades: May replace hand weapon with two-handed weapon at a cost of 2 pts per model ALLIES Up to 20% of the points available may be spent on troops from the Allies section. Troops may be selected from one of the following Classical Indian: Mountain Indian: Mountain tndian Classical Indian INDIAN ALLIES Indian allies may be taken by other armies as indicated in their army list. Indian allles are subject to the “Allies” special rule (see CoE page 101). Classical Indian: Up to 1 Sub-commander 1-2 units of Hereditary Infantry Up to 1 unit of Light or Heavy Chariots Up to 2 units of Heavy Cavalry Up to 2 units of Light Cavalry Up to 3 units of Tibesmen Mountain Indian: Up to 1 Sub-commander 41-2 units of Mountain Tribesmen Up to unit of Light Cavalry Up to 2 units of Trbesmen LUp to 2 units of Wild TribesmenMacedonian Officer (above) and Companion Cavalryman (Wargames Foundry) Above ~ Darlus used scythed chariats at Guagamela to litte effect Below - Massed Persian cavalry and a senior officerEmpire (photo:‘The death of Darius I In 404 BCE precipitated a power struggle between his eldest son and successor Artaxerxes | Tand-another son, Cyrus “the younger” the satrap of, Antal. “The revolt ended with the battle of Cunaxa which was fought on the left bank of the Euphrates River around |, 70km north of Babylon. The battle is described in Xenophon’s Anabasis and in Plutarch, Artexerxes II, Despite losing the battle Cyrus the younger is seen as ‘the hero from these Greek sources where the prowess af the Greek hoplite over the Persian soldier Is expounded, “There Is litie available from Persian sources to balance this Ina ruse designed to foo! his brother, Cyrus used a feud ‘against Tissaphernes, the satrep of Tonia, to buy time ihilst preparing his army. Cyrus' force was bullt upon a core of 10,000 Greek mercenary hoplites under Spartan ‘General Clearchus that included xenophon himself, This ‘was supported by large numbers of Persian forces, some Greek peltasts, light cavalry from Paphlagonia ‘and a ‘small number of seythed chariats. Cyrus himeelf was in ‘command and present on horseback with a guard of 600 ‘cavalrymen. THE SCENARIO ‘The Battlefield One table side edge is the Euphrates River. This is impassable to all troops. Any troops that are forced into the river for any reason are automatically destroyed ‘and count towards victory points. The remaining terrain should be largely open and may be determined by ‘mutual agreement or by the terrain generation system. ORDER OF BATTLE Rebel Force (strategy rating 2) We have used the Late Persian list found on page 103 for the army of Cyrus the younger. The Greek General is represented by one of the Persian Sub-commander slots from the command section. The "Ten Thousand” are represented by mercenary Hoplites from this list ‘A 2600 point sample army (with sample deployment if You wish a straight historical refight) is shown here but Players should feo! free to play bigger armies if they have the figures, gaming area and time! ‘Command Gyrus the younger (centre with Persian Cavalry) Satrap mounted on a horse - Free ‘Ariaeus (centre with Persian Infantry) ‘Sub-commander - SSpts, Clearchus (Greek mercenary general) ‘Sub-commander ~ 55pts, core Rebel Persian Cavalry (centre) 12 Persian Heavy Cavalry with heavy armour ~ 336pts Rebel Persian Infantry (centre) 30 Imperial Levy Spearmen with large shield - 150pts Rebel Persian Infantry (centre) 30 Imperial Levy Spearmen with large shield - 150pts Rebel Persian Infantry (left) 30 Imperial Levy Archers - 150pts ‘lrg’ his chariot with only a few regular formations in front of him. Most of the army was marching in no sort. of order, and much of the soldiers’ equipment was being carried on the wagons and baggage animals.” (On Cyrus’ unprepared march into the Battle of Cunaxa ‘Artaxerxes adopted a scorched earth policy, falling back before the advance of Cyrus whilst assembling a large Persian army. He built a ditch across Cyrus’ line of march at which Cyrus wrongly expected to be faced off in battle. On the assumption that Artaxerxes had fallen back refusing battie, Cyrus continued his advance with less caution. Finding his way blocked by the larger, well prepared force of his brother, Cyrus the younger was forced to deploy hurriedly. Perhaps surprisingly, Instead of attacking, Artaxerxes allowed Cyrus to attack with the hoplites and cavalry. Even before the Greeks were in bow range the Persian and Egyptian infantry facing them simply broke and ran. This is seen by some as deliberate tactic to lure the Greeks from the battle, which may be true, as sensing @ quick vietory the hoplites pursued for ‘km, The bulk of Artaxerxes’ forces, led by their superior cavalry, attacked Cyrus’ left and centre. Losing a protracted battle, Cyrus was forced to personally lead @ ‘charge with his guards in a desperate last ditch attempt to kil Artaxerxes and end the war. Tt was Cyrus himself who was to fall (to 2 javelin) prompting the full scale retreat of his army (with the exception of the Greeks) and signalling the end of the rebellion. Rebel Persian Cavalry (centre) 12 Imperial Levy Heavy Cavalry with long spear - 276pts ‘Support ‘Scythed Charlots (centre) 2 models - 160pts Greek Peltasts (extreme right alongside Euphrates) 18 Mercenary Greek Peltasts, drilled, no spears ~ 198pts Greek Mercenary Hoplite (right flank) 30 Mercenary Greek Hoplites with light armour ~ 480pts| Paphlagonian Light Cavalry (right flank) 4 Rebel Persian Cavalry (left) i 412 Imperial Levy Heavy Cavalry with long spear - 276pts | 410 Skirmish Cavalry -170pts | Skirmish i Javelinmen (loft flank) 410 Iranian Skirmisher - 70pts ¢ Slingers (right Ranke) tt 10 Iranien Skirmishers - 7opts aq 5 Total - 2596pts 2Porsian Force (strategy rating 2) We have again used the Late Persian list for the army fof Artaxerxes. This has a completely different “feel” to the rebel army, with guard and regular Persian troops to helping to "stiffen" the line, The army of Artaxerxes is described as being much larger than that of his brother, We have allowed a modest extra 300 points, A 2900, point sample list is shown here. command ‘Artaxerxes I! (centre) ‘Great King mounted in ceremonial chariot - 100pts ‘Arbaces Satrap of Media (right flank) ‘Sub-commander mounted on a horse - 65pts ‘Tissaphernes Satrap of lonia (left flank by Euphrates) Sub-commander mounted on a horse - 65pts core Persian Cavalry (right) 12 Persian Heavy Cavalry with heavy armour - 336 pts Persian Cavalry (right) 12 Imperial Levy Heavy Cavalry with long spear - 276pts, Persian Cavalry (centre) 412 Imperial Levy Heavy Cavalry with long spear - 276pts Persian Infantry (centre) 30 Imperial Levy Spearmen with large shield - 150pts Egyptian Infantry (left) 30 Imperial Levy Spearmen with large shield - 150pts Persian Infantry (lett) 30 Imperial Levy Archers - 150pts ‘Support Troops Guard Cavalry (centre) 15 Royal Guard Cavalry with barding - 660pts Persians (centre) 24 Other Iranian Spearmen with light armour and large shield - 268pts Seythad Chariots (centre) 3 madels ~ 240pts ‘Skirmish Javelinmen (left flan) {0 Iranian Skirmishers - 7opts Slingers (right flank) 410 Iranian Skirmishers - 7opts ‘otal - 2896pts, Scenario Special Rules Reserves (the side with the initiative may keep up to 2 nits in reserve) Unacceptable Losses (Gyrus actively sought out the king to kil in battle, If Cyrus and Artaxerxes are involved in the same combat, the roll to kil them (see Generals and commanders in Combat, CoE page 118) increases from ‘6! to'S+ If elther general is killed the game immediately ands. To simulate the headlong pursult by the Greeks, they always pursue but may nat return to the table. They do ‘not count as lost for the purpose of calculating victory points. Deployment To represent the hurried advance of Cyrus he: must deploy his entire force first. If you wish to play a straight re-fight, divide the tabletop into thirds, deploying troops iin the centre or either flank as described in the orders of battle, ‘Who goes first? Each player rolls a DS ~ the player with the initiative adds +1 to the roll. The highest scorer chooses to go first or second, Game length 8 turns (see below) Victory conditions Use the Victory Points table on page 132 of the CoE rule book Alternatively, if time allows and both players agree, then this is a fight to the death, immediately ending when one of the two brothers is killed; unacceptable losses and victory points are ignored. Larger armies ‘The suggested forces in the order of battle are designed fora 6’x4' table. Larger forces can be accommodated by adding 1’ to the width of the battlefield for every 500 points. ARTAXERXES’ DEPLOYMENT AREA. Deployment zone for al troops (30cm in and 30cm from each side) Deployment zone for all skirmishers and open order cavalry (40cm in for skirmishers, 30cm for formed) Deployment zone for all skirmishars and open order cavalry (40cm in for skirmishers, 30cm for formed) Deployment zone for all troops (30cm in and 30cm from each side) CYRUS’ DEPLOYMENT AREA \‘THE BATTLE OF MANTINEIA 362 BCE © The-second Battie of Mantinela was fought during the brief period of Theban hegemony over Greece. A Theban alliance, including the Boeotian League and the Accadians, was to defeat a Spartan force supported by ‘Athens, Mantineia and Elea, The Thebans were led by the great general Epaminondas, who had previously defested the Spartans and broken their aura_of invincibility at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE using his innovative tactics of deep ranked Phalanxes. As a result he was able to establish the Arcadian League in the central Peloponnesian plateau, ‘an area traditionally dominated by the Spartans. The League’ was to overstretch itself when it seized the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia. Outraged by this act Mantineia left the League and farmed an alliance with the Spartans and the Eleans. Seeing an opportunity to repay past slights by Thebes, Athens was also to join forces, THE SCENARIO The Battlefield ‘The Spartans and their allies were deployed across the narrow part of a plain south of Mantineia, bordered by hills. The battlefield should be largely clear of terrain with impassable hills framing both sides (these shouldn't take up a significant portion of the tabletop). A copse of trees may be placed centre right of the Spartan Alliance deployment zone right of the table edge, the outer edges of the Pelagos Wood. ORDER OF BATTLE Arcadian League (strategy rating 5) We have used the Theban list (page 71) for the Arcadian League. The Tegeans are represented as ‘mercenary hoplites. The Boeotians and Arcadians are represented as an ally contingent from the Late Hoplite list. & 3270 point sample list is shown here (with sample deployment if you wish a straight historical refight) but, a5 with the Cunaxa scenario, players are ‘most encouraged to play bigger armies if they have the figures, gaming area and time! ‘Command Epaminondas (eft flank with Theban Sacred Band) Polemarch - 90pts Iolaidas (left flank with Thebans) ‘Sub-commander - SSpts Daiphantus (centre with Boeotians) ‘Sub-commander ~ 55pts| Core Thebans (left flank) 25 Citizen Hoplites with light armour - 400pts Thebans (centre) 25 Citizen Hoplites with ight armour - 400pts “.gwhen the infantry forces closed with the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a mighty, stupendous struggle ensued. For never at any other time when Greeks fought Greeks was such a multitude of men arrayed, nor did generals of ‘greater repute or men more competent ever display such gallantry in battle, Diodorus Siculus The clear threat to Theban hegemony prompted Epaminondas to march an army into the Peloponnese to be faced off at Mantineia by a force led by Spartan King Agesilaus II. Epaminondas was to continue to use — innovative tactics to secure a victory. He again employed deep phalanx formations, deploying them in echelon to mass a dense column of hoplites able to smash their Way through the thinner, traditional lines of his enemy, He deployed this formation on the left side of his army facing the lines of the Spartans who had deployed in the traditional place of honour; the right lank. Epaminondas Personally led the assault from the front, routing the Spartans but receiving a fatal wound whilst doing so Ultimately the death of Epaminondas and the further signs of decline of the military prowess of Sparta served to pave the way for the subsequent Macedonian 7 ‘conquests under Phillip I. *Abithe answer that the Boeatiang Wee wistorious, he saidy “lt is, de" aad écted them to withdraw th Cavelry (left ank) 12 Medium Cavalry with heavy armour - 252pts f Support Sacred Band (left flank) 25 Theban Sacred Band with light armour - 750pts Tegeans (right flank) 24 Mercenary Hoplites - S28pts Skirmish , Skirmishers (left flank) 10 Javelinmen = 7Opts Skirmishers (right flank) { 10 Javelinmen = 70pts } Allies Boeotians (centre) 20 Citizen Hoplites with light armour ~ 320pts Arcadians (centre) 20 Ctizen Hoplites with ight armour ~ 320pts Total - 3270ptsSpartan Alliance (strategy rating 4) \We have constructed this army using the Late Spartan lst (page 76).. The Mantinelans and Eleans are represented {a Subject State Hoplites. The Athenians are represented by @ unit of Mercenary Hoplites but could equally well be represented by an allied contingent. A 3224 point sample list is shown here. ‘command king Agesilaus IL (right flank with Spartan Hoplites) Spartan King - 70pts Unnamed (centre with Mantineian Hoplites) Sub-commander - 55ats, Unnamed (left with Athenian Hoplites) SSpts ‘Sub-commander - 55pts Core Spartans (right flank) 418 Spartan Hoplites with light armour - 504pts Spartans (right flank) 418 Spartan Hoplites with light armour - Soapts Pericikoi (right flank) 30 Perioikoi Hoplites with light armour - 480pts Mantineians (centre) 24 Subject State Hoplites with ight armour - 360pts, Eleans (centre) 24 Subject State Hoplites with light armour - 360pts ‘Support Troops Cavalry (right flank) 8 Medium Cavalry with heavy armour - 168pts ‘Athenians (left flank) 24 Mercenary Hoplites with light armour - 528pts Skirmish ‘Skirmishers (left lank) 10 Javelinmen- 7opts fa skirmishers ght ton) Sterichers (rat fark) ld ‘Total - 3224pts Scenario Special Rules Unacceptable Losses (also see Vicry ésnditions hejow) Deployment ‘The Spartans should commence deployment fist, other. than that there are no special rules and a "pitched battle!” Should be played as may be found on page 14 of the ‘Who goes first? Each player rolls @ D6 ~ the player with the initiative adds +4 to the roll. The highest scorer chooses to oo First or second, Game length tums Victory conditions Use the Vietory Points table on page 132, Larger armies ‘The suggested forces in the order of battle are designed for 2 6’x 4’ table, The battlefield at Mantinela was relatively small for @ battle of this nature, and. size. from around 1600 to 2400 metres in width. Larger forces can be accommodated by adding 1’ to the width of the battlefield for every S00 points As the Second Mantineia was one of the largest hoplite baltles in history - perhaps es many as fity thousand hhoplites fought that day ~ iis fitting thet players aim to get as many soldiers on the table as possible! Deployment zone for all skiemishers and open order cavalry (40cm in for skirmishers) Deployment zone for all skirmishers and open order cavalry (40cm in for skirmishers, 30cm for formed) Deployment zone for all troops (30em in and 30em from each side) ARCADIAN LEAGUE DEPLOYMENT AREAEARLY ACHAEMENID PERSIAN Command Great king mounted Sub-commander mounted Sub-commander core 12 Persian Cavalry with composite bow 12 Persian Cavalry with composite bow 24 Persian Infantry (6 spearmen/18 archers) 24 Persian Infantry (6 spearmen/18 archers) 40 Persian Light Cavalry with composite bow 410 Persian Light Cavalry with composite bow ‘Support 18 Guards (6 with large shield) ‘Skirmish, 12 Slingers. Total Foot Models Mounted Models THRACIAN ‘Command king Chiettain mounted Chierain Core 32 Warriors with rhomphaia 32 Warriors with chomphaia 32 Warriors 32 Warriors 8 Light Cavalry ‘Support 9 Noble Cavalry with heavy armour Skirmish, 10 Skirmishers Total Foot Models Mounted Models EARLY HOPLITE GREEK ‘command Strategos Sub-commander core 24 Citizen Hoplites with heavy armour 24 Ctizen Hoplites with heavy armour 24 Ctizen Hoplites with heavy armour 40 Levy Hoplite ‘Support 21 Mercenary Hoplites with heavy armour ‘Skirmish, 9 Javelinmen 9 Slingers Total Models 70 65 55 348 348 294 204 240 240 456 84 2494 78 44 50 65 55 448 448, 352 352 216 a4 100 2500 138 18 50 55 480 480 480 280 546 63 2497 151 SAMPLE ARMY LISTS SKYTHIAN ‘Command King 60 ‘Sub-commander 65 ‘Sub-commander 65 core 10 Light Horse with composite bow 300 10 Light Horse with composite bow 300 12 Light Horse with composite bow, spear, shield 408 ‘Support 10 Nobles with shield, wedge unit rule 470 410 Nobles with shield, wedge unit rule 470 42 Horse Archer Scouts 348, Total 2486 Models 64 LATER LYDIAN EMPIRE Command King mounted 60 Sub-commander 55 Core 24 Lydian Hoplites 394 24 Lydian Hoplites 384 42 Lydian Lancers 432 18 Dismounted Lydian Lancers 342 16 Lydian Archers 128, ‘Support 415 Paphlagonian Infantry 135 24 Thracian Infantry 264 Skirmish ‘9 Phrygian Javelinmen 8 410 Skythian Cavalry with composite bow 250 ‘Total 2497 Foot Models. 130 Mounted Models 22 ACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE Command Senior General (West) 60 Sub-commander mounted 65 Sub-commander 55 core 9 Persian Light Cavalry with composite bow 252 40 Persian Infantry (B spearmen/32 archers) 440, 40 Levy Infantry (20 spear, Ig stleld/20 archers) 200 410 Persian Medium Cavalry with spear, bow 310 12 Levy Medium Cavalry with spear 360. ‘Support 24 Immortals (6 with spara) 47a 24 Iranian Archers 216 Skirmish 8 Mysian Javelinmen 64 Total 2496 Foot Medels 136, Mounted Models afLATER HOPLITE CREEK (ARGIVE) ‘command Polemarch ‘Sub-commander Sub-commander core 24 Citizen Hoplites with 24 Ctizen Hoplites with light armour 24 Citizen Hoplites 24 Levy Hoplites 42 Marines with light armour Support 24 Epilektol 8 Exaramoi 18 Peltasts with long spears Skirmish 10 Light Cavalry upgraded to skirmish Total Foot Models Mounted Models LATER SPARTAN Command Strategos Sub-commander Core 18 Spartan Hoplites with light armour 18 Spartan Hoplites with light armour 24 Perioikoi Hoplites with light armour 24 Subject State Hoplites with light armour ‘Support 10 Medium Cavalry with heavy armour 28 Levy Helot Hoplites with light armour 10 Peltasts upgraded to skirmishing hammipoi 8 Javelinmen Total Foot Models: Mounted Models ALEXANDRIAN MACEDONIAN Command Strategos ‘Sub-commander mounted Sub-commander core 24 Macedonian Phalangltes with light armour 24 Macedonian Phalangltes with light armour 24 Macedonian Phalangites with lignt armour 24 Pantodapoi with light armour ‘Support 12 Companion Cavalry with heavy armour 10 Greek or Eastern Cavalry with heavy armour ‘Skirmish 9 Skiemishers Total Foot Models Mounted Models 55 55 384 384 336 is 132 504 ‘80 216 130 2494 158 10 50 55 504 504 384 360 210 252 120 56 2495 130 10 60 65 55 384 384 384 332 504 260 63 2495 105, 2 etait re ee ad Se el ina 3 ; {2 ern Hany enemy wth helglbag 40 Levy Spearmen 120 © ers e iy ee ie 32 Levy Archers 160 © with heavy armour, barding, spear 435¢ = oy 2 ren Itty wih tht amour lve si a eee ene Hi 2 Seythed Chariots io ‘Skirmish a signer coat eh real 2405 eee $ Chariots 2 ANCIENT INDIAN pai See eas Se sare coe oi 53 Heredia none (36 spears ow a6 SBrerenzr ere fle Seas my 208 cee a sinte tesemen vit comporin bow x0 | SESSMENT mecintesy, 368 L stdiah | {0 elephant exo 120 Bea an ouccors Ay cand 4 ‘This section provides a broad variety of army lists for armies covered by this source book. Players can emulate Xerxes, Epaminondas, Cyrus, Leonidas, Alexander and all the lesser known tyrants and generals of the age. We hhope that these armies provide enough diversity and enough flavour for warfare in this period to challenge and reward lovers of the Classical Era, All of the army lists ake in keeping with the suggested points values but players can be sure that far mightier forces than the ones listed here can be accommodated for by the lists in this book.‘Armoured Assault is the fourth source beck for Rules of Engagement and allows players to field additional Vehicles to those listed in current published works, As well as this it also provides gamers with additional ‘scenarios with rules for fielding more than one armoured vehicie alongside infantry platoons or on their own. CUO aa it This source book for the Rules of Engagement rule system covers the Easter Front from June 19.44 to May 1945. ‘The 104 poge book includes Orders of Battle for the following forces: Soviet Rifle, Matorised, Reduced Strength and Partisan platoons, German Volkssturm, Ruckkempfer and Eastern Waffen SS platoons; Finns, Romanians, Hungarians and Slovaks, Ths source book allows players to introduce a strategic level to their WWII gaming. Forces compete to accomplish objectives sat by the upper echelons of their command structure. Designed for use with RoE, it is also usable for other systems and includes a sections ‘on how to play using Clash of Empires, WORLD WAR II WARGAMING IN MINIATURE WWW.GREATESCAPEGAMES.CO.UKiF the fateditime is at hand when the rule of the Persians must cease, andi ourdownfall is a debt we must pay to the envy of the gods and the laws of change, grant that no otherman but Alexander shall situpon the fine of unk Plutarch ~ Darius on Alexander ‘The Rise and Fall of Persia: Cyrus to Alexander, Is the first source book for Clash of Empires". This book provides gamers ‘with all the information that they need to fight battles from Classical Antiquity, from the rise of the Persian Empire under Gyrus the Great, through the destructive Peloponnesian Wars where Greek fought Greeks and finally the demise of the Persians at the hands of Alexander the Great. The book is split into three parts each focussing on a specific time period and series of conflicts and combatants, covering 28 army lists plus variants. THE RISE OF PERSIA This details the fall of Babylon and the Lydians and the rise of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great and features a historical overview of the period and 10 army lists plus variants including: Lydian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire, Archalc Greek, Early Achaemenid Persia, Saitic Egyptian, Cyrenalan Greek, Libyan, Early Macedonian, Skythian and Thracian. CLASH OF EAST AND WEST ‘The second part charts the Greek and Persian Wars throughout the Mediterranean. Army lists featured in the section Include: Achaemenid Persian Empire, Early Hoplite Greek, Early Spartan, Early Carthaginian, Later Hoplite Greek (including Athenian, Argive, Theban and Phokian), Later Spartan, Syracusan/Siciliot, Elymian/Sikel/Sicanian, Thessalian and Illyrian, THE FALL OF PERSIA The final part of the book cherts the rise of Macedon and Alexander the Great and his destruction of the Persian Empire ‘and expansion of the Macedonian Empire, It features the following army lists: Rise of Macedon, Later Achaemenid Persian, Alexandrian Macedonian and Ancient Indian, erate OF MATAR obi chee it Copyright:

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