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Rfid

The document discusses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. It provides details about what RFID is, its history, different tag attributes like active and passive tags, comparison with barcodes, organizations promoting RFID like Auto-ID, potential applications and benefits in supply chain and retail, case studies, initiatives in India, and the future outlook and constraints of RFID adoption.

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Ingi Abdel Aziz Srag
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72 views23 pages

Rfid

The document discusses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. It provides details about what RFID is, its history, different tag attributes like active and passive tags, comparison with barcodes, organizations promoting RFID like Auto-ID, potential applications and benefits in supply chain and retail, case studies, initiatives in India, and the future outlook and constraints of RFID adoption.

Uploaded by

Ingi Abdel Aziz Srag
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RFID

GROUP 11
T N VATSA + VINAYAK R + VISHAL JAIN + GAUTAM + SHISHIR 64 42 19 24 56

RFID What is it?


Radio Frequency Identification Device Holds a small amount of unique data a serial number or other unique attribute of the item The data can be read from a distance no contact or even line of sight necessary Enables individual items down to the proverbial can of beans to be individually tracked from manufacture to consumption!

History of RFID
Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman Initial application was way back in WW2 by US army Came into use only in 1990s

RFID Tag Attributes


Active RFID
Tag Power Source Internal to tag

Passive RFID
Energy transferred using RF from reader No Only in field of reader Very High Up to 3-5m, usually less Few hundred within 3m of reader 128 bytes of read/write

Tag Battery Availability of power Required signal strength to Tag Range Multi-tag reading

Yes Continuous Very Low Up to 100m 1000s of tags recognized up to 100mph Up to 128Kb or read/write with sophisticated search and access

Data Storage

Passive RFID Tags


Traditional tags used in retail security applications Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip that stores a small amount of data Tag can be programmed at manufacture or on installation Tag is powered by the high power electromagnetic field generated by the antennas usually in doorways The field allows the chip/antenna to reflect back an extremely weak signal containing the data Collision Detection recognition of multiple tags in the read range is employed to separately read the individual tags These passive tags form the basis of the Auto-ID designs, and, if manufactured in billions, will come down in price from $0.80 to $0.05 in the next 2 years.

Active Tags
Battery Powered tags
Have much greater range 100m Hold much more information Kbytes Can integrate sensing technology Temperature, GPS Can signal at defined time Multiple tags can be recorded at once

Used for higher value items


Shipping containers Babies Electronic assets

Cost between $20 and $40 per item Life between 2 4 years

Comparison of RFID Vs Bar Code


RFID
Counterfeiting is difficult Scanner not required. No need to bring the tag near the reader RFID is comparatively fast Can read multiple tags Relatively expensive as compared to Bar Codes (Reader 1000$, Tag 20 cents a piece) Can be reusable within factory premises Cannot be reused Can read only one tag at a time

Barcode
Counterfeiting is easy Scanner needs to see the bar code to read it

Auto-ID Organization
Non-profit organization supported by major software, consulting, tag and reader manufacturers and by MIT, Cambridge University and Adelaide University All research and solutions are public domain Developed vision of global approach to automatic ID of every product Developed standards for tags and readers Developed high level designs that will bring tag cost toward 5c and readers to $100 Developed with SUN Savant software to act as mediation between readers and a global network of name servers and databases available as open source

EPC Network Building Blocks


Tags Tag Antenna Reader Antenna Reader Data carrier the ID number Unique EPC Code is programmed into the Tag Connected to chip in Tag could be wire or printed using conductive ink Coil included in plastic or similar case usually 12 18 inches square Data capture device interrogates the tag and retrieves the data from all tags in the receiving area. Can be fixed or portable Servers/Software to support readers, extract unique information from the read data, and communicate with External databases Object Name Service similar to DNS in the Internet knows the appropriate database holding full information about the product the tag is attached to

Savant

ONS

EPC Code
E.g. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits) Header defines data type (8 bits) EPC Manager describes originator of EPC (Product manufacturer) (34 bits) Object Class - Could describe the product type (20 Bits) Serial Number Unique ID for that product item (34 Bits)

Supply Chain Global Vision

Potential RFID ROI for Retailers


Reduced on-hand inventory and less use of safety stock
Increased sales through reduced out-of- stocks Increased stock visibility and availability at point of shipment (>50%) Reduced transportation cost and shipping volumes More accurate forecasts and stock replenishment Reduced shrink and theft in the supply chain

Potential RFID Benefits for Consumers


Better in-stock - product on the shelf when you want it
Improved Product Selection Product Freshness for Dated Goods Easier Identification on Recalls

Case Study
Gillete & Co:
Objective: To Track movement of product from Packaging Center to Plants distribution center. Previously->Using Bar Code, time taken=80 sec to 20 min 1999->With RFID it takes 20 secs Gains->Gillette saves 20% in Operational Cost at each Distribution Center.

Initiatives from India Inc


Patni Computer Systems Lab Implemented Animal Tracking System Wipro Technologies - Member of the Electronic Product Code (EPC) - Setting up a lab to study RFID - Working on pilot projects Infosys Technologies RFID consulting on logistics player in the RFID space. Intellicon - pilot project for BEL Bangalore tags installed on employee buses. - Buses inside the BEL campus were tracked with the aim of gauging employee punctuality.

Indian Scenario
RFID will be used to track exported goods Retail segment worth $330 Billion is potential target Wal-Mart suppliers have adopted this technology Pantaloon, Madura Garments and Ashok Leyland use RFID RFID business expected to reach $600 million by 2009 up from $140 million

Way Forward
Large Retail companies Tracking Goods Hospitals & Nursing Homes Patient Tagging Airports Baggage Tracking Security Applications Smart Cards RFID Readers could also WRITE onto Tags RFID Sensors to sense temperature, movement, radiation, food quality

Constraints
Cost Battery life Active RFID life 2 to 4 years Extreme weather Privacy concerns Security concerns

Phased Approach towards RFID


Effort - software development, application integration and building the capability to act on the additional data from value chain Identify business functions Pilot in a controlled environment Key metrics Larger scale field trial

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