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Chapter 7 1 2

The document discusses Laplace transforms. It defines the Laplace transform and provides some common transforms of basic functions. It notes that the Laplace transform is a linear operator. It also discusses how to take the inverse Laplace transform of functions by using tables of common transforms. Finally, it provides some examples of using Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems.

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Muhd Rzwan
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53 views13 pages

Chapter 7 1 2

The document discusses Laplace transforms. It defines the Laplace transform and provides some common transforms of basic functions. It notes that the Laplace transform is a linear operator. It also discusses how to take the inverse Laplace transform of functions by using tables of common transforms. Finally, it provides some examples of using Laplace transforms to solve initial value problems.

Uploaded by

Muhd Rzwan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Laplace Laplace

Transforms Transforms
Laplace formulated Laplace's equation, and pioneered the
Laplace transform which appears in many branches of
Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace
French mathematician & Astronomer
Laplace transform which appears in many branches of
mathematical physics, a field that he took a leading role in
forming. The Laplacian differential operator, widely used in
mathematics, is also named after him. He restated and
developed the nebular hypothesis of the origin of the solar
system and was one of the first scientists to postulate the
existence of black holes and the notion of gravitational
collapse.
7.1 Definition of Laplace Transform
{ }
0
( ) ( ) ( )
st
f t e f t dt F s

= =

L
is said to be a Laplace Transform of f provided that
Let f be a function defined for t 0. Then the integral:
the integral converges
Lowercase letter is used to denote the function being
transformed, and the corresponding uppercase letter is to
denote its Laplace transform
Table of Laplace Transform
{ }
{ }
{ }
2
1
1 , 0
1
, 0
, a positive integer, 0
n
s
s
t s
s
n
t n s
= >
= >
= >
!
L
L
L
{ }
{ }
1
, a positive integer, 0
1
,
n
n
at
n
t n s
s
e s a
s a
+
= >
= >

!
L
L
Table of Laplace Transform
{ }
{ }
{ }
2 2
2 2
0
0
sin
cos
k
kt s
s k
s
kt s
s k
k
= >
+
= >
+
= >
L
L
{ }
{ }
2 2
2 2


sinh
cosh
k
kt s k
s k
s
kt s k
s k
= >

= >

L
L
Linearity of Laplace Transform
{ } { } { }
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f t g t f t g t + = + L L L
The Laplace Transform is a linear operator:
Example 1:
{ } { } { } { } { }
2
1 5 1 5 1 5
1 1
5
t t t
s
s
+ = + = +
| |
= +
|
\
L L L L L
Linearity of Laplace Transform
{ } { } { }
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f t g t f t g t + = + L L L
The Laplace Transform is a linear operator:
Example 2:
{ } { }
{ } { }
2 2
{ } { }
{ } { }
{ }
{ } { }
2 2
2
3 2
6 3 6 3
6 3 1
2 1 1
6 3
t t t t
t t
s
s s
+ = +
= +
| |
| |
= +
| |
\
\
L L L L
L L L
Linearity of Laplace Transform
{ } { } { }
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f t g t f t g t + = + L L L
The Laplace Transform is a linear operator:
Exercise:
{ }
2 2
1
5 2 3 4
2
1
t
t
e t t
e

+
`
)
+
sin cos
( )
L
L
7.2 Inverse Laplace Transform
{ }
{ }
{ }
1
1
2 2
1
1 1
1 1
1 1

n n
s s
t t
s s
n n


= =
`
)

= =
`
)
! !
L L
L L
{ }
{ }
1
1 1
1

1 1

n n
n n
at at
n n
t t
s s
e e
s a s a

+ +


= =
`
)

= =
`

)
! !
L L
L L
7.2 Inverse Laplace Transform
{ }
{ }
1
2 2 2 2
1
2 2 2 2


sin sin
cos cos
k k
kt kt
s k s k
s s
kt kt
s k s k
k k


= =
`
+ + )

= =
`
+ + )

L L
L L
{ }
{ }
1
2 2 2 2
1
2 2 2 2


sinh sinh
cosh cosh
k k
kt kt
s k s k
s s
kt kt
s k s k


= =
`
)

= =
`
)
L L
L L

1
is a linear transform:


{ }
1
( ) ( ) F s G s

+ =
{ }
1
( ) F s

+
{ }
1
( ) G S


Example: 1
1
1 1 1


+ =
`
L
10
1
2
2 s s
s

+ =
`

)
L

1
is a linear transform:


{ }
1
( ) ( ) F s G s

+ =
{ }
1
( ) F s

+
{ }
1
( ) G S


Example 2:
1
1 2


=
`
L
11
1
2 3
s s

=
`
)
L
Transform of Derivatives
{ } =

) 0 ( ) ( ) (
1 ) (
f s s F s t f
n n n
) 0 ( ... ) 0 (
) 1 ( 2

n n
f f s
eg.

{ } ) (s Y y =
{ } ) 0 ( ) ( y s sY y =


12
{ } ) 0 ( ) ( y s sY y =


{ } ) 0 ( ) 0 ( ) (
2
y sy s Y s y

=


{ } ) 0 ( ) 0 ( ) 0 ( ) (
2 3
y y s y s s Y s y

=


Use Laplace Transform to solve the IVP
1, (0) 0 y y y

= =
Example 1:
Example 2:
9 , (0) 0, (0) 0
t
y y e y y

+ = = =
13
9 , (0) 0, (0) 0
t
y y e y y

+ = = =

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