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CS/ENGRD 2110 SPRING 2012

Thursday, 5 Sept. Lecture in Bailey Hall

East Ave

Bailey Malott Hall

Tower Road Garden Ave

Day Hall We are here Barton Hall

Campus Road

Java OO (Object Orientation)

Python and Matlab have objects and classes. Strong-typing nature of Java changes how OO is done and how useful it is. Put aside your previous experience with OO (if any). This lecture: First: describe objects, demoing their creation and use. Second: Show you a class definition and how it defines functions, and procedures that appear in each object of the class. Third (if there is time). Show you a Java application, a class with a static procedure with a certain parameter.

Homework
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1. 2.

3.

Study material of this lecture. Visit course website, click on Resources and then on Code Style Guidelines. Study 3. Documentation 3.1 Kinds of comments 3.2 Dont over-comment 3.4 Method specifications 3.4.1 Precondition and postcondition Spend a few minutes perusing next lecture slides; bring them to next lecture.

Java OO
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References to course text and JavaSummary.pptx Objects: B.1 slide 10-16 Text mentions fields of Calling methods: B.2-B.3 slide 18 an object. We cover these in next lecture Class definition: B.5 slide 11 public, private: B.5 slide 11, 12 Indirect reference, aliasing: B.6 slide 17 Method declarations: B.7 Text uses value-producing Parameter vs argument: B.12-B.14 method for function and slide 14 void method for procedure. Methods may have parameters Method calls may have arguments Get used to terminology: function and procedure

Drawing an object of class javax.swing.JFrame

Object is associated with a window on your computer monitor Name of object, giving class name and its memory location (hexadecimal). Java creates name when it creates object JFrame@25c7f37d
hide() show() JFrame setTitle(String) getTitle() getX() getY() setLocation(int, int) getWidth() getHeight() setSize(int,int)

Object contains methods (functions and procedures), which can be called to operate on the object Function: returns a value; call is an expression Procedure: does not return a value; call is a statement to do something

Evaluation of new-expression creates an object

Evaluation of

JFrame@25c7f37d new javax.swing.JFrame()

creates an object and gives as its value the name of the object If evaluation creates this object, value of expression is JFrame@25c7f37d 9 2+3+4 JFrame@25c7f37d
hide() show() JFrame setTitle(String) getTitle() getX() getY() setLocation(int, int) getWidth() getHeight() setSize(int,int)

Class variable contains the name of an object

Type JFrame: Names of objects of class JFrame h= new javax.swing.JFrame(); Consequence: a class variable contains not an object but the name of an object. Objects are referenced indirectly.

If evaluation of new-exp creates the object shown, name of object is stored in h JFrame@25c7f37d h JFrame@25c7f37d ? JFrame

hide() show() JFrame setTitle(String) getTitle() getX() getY() setLocation(int, int) getWidth() getHeight() setSize(int,int)

Class variable contains the name of an object

If variable h contains the name of an object, call methods of the object using dot-notation: Procedure calls: h.show(); Function calls: h.getX() h.setTitle(this is a title); h.getX() + h.getWidth() JFrame@25c7f37d h JFrame@25c7f37d ? JFrame
hide() show() JFrame setTitle(String) getTitle() getX() getY() setLocation(int, int) getWidth() getHeight() setSize(int,int)

Class definition
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Class denition: Describes format of an object (instance) of the class.

This is a comment
Access modifier public means C can be used anywhere

Class definition C goes in its own file named C.java On your hard drive, have separate directory for each Java program you write; put all class definitions for program in that directory. Youll see this when we demo Eclipse

First class definition

/** An instance (object of the class) has (almost) no methods */ public class C { } Then, execution of C k; k= new C(); creates object shown to right and stores its name in k k C@25c7fd38 ? C C@25c7fd38 C

Class extends (is a subclass of) JFrame

/** An instance is a subclass of JFrame*/ public class C extends javax.swing.JFrame { } C: subclass of JFrame JFrame: superclass of C C inherits all methods that are in a JFrame Object has 2 partitions: one for JFrame methods, one for C methods C@6667f34e JFrame hide() show() setTitle(String) getTitle() getX() getY() setLocation(int, int) getWidth() getHeight() C Easy re-use of program part!

Class definition with a function definition

/** An instance is a subclass of JFrame with an area function */ public class C extends javax.swing.JFrame { Spec, as a comment /** Return area of window */ public int area() { Function calls automatically return getWidth() * getHeight(); call functions that are in the } object } C@6667f34e You know it is a function because it has a return type
getWidth() getHeight() area()

JFrame C

Inside-out rule for finding declaration

/** An instance */ public class C extends javax.swing.JFrame { The whole /** Return area of window */ method is in public int area() { the object return getWidth() * getHeight(); } } To what declaration does a name refer? Use inside-out rule: C@6667f34e getWidth() Look first in method body, JFrame getHeight() starting from name and moving C out; then look at parameters; area() { then look outside method in the return getWidth() * getHeight(); object. }

Inside-out rule for finding declaration

/** An instance */ public class C extends JFrame { Function area: in each object. /** Return area of window */ getWidth() calls function public int area() { getWidth in the object in return getWidth() * getHeight(); which it appears. } } C@2abcde14 C@6667f34e
getWidth() getHeight()

JFrame

getWidth() getHeight()

JFrame

C area() { return getWidth() * getHeight(); }

C area() { return getWidth() * getHeight(); }

Class definition with a procedure definition

/** An instance is a JFrame with more methods */ public class C extends javax.swing.JFrame { public int area() { return getWidth() * getHeight(); } /** Set width of window to its height */ public void setWtoH() { setSize(getHeight(), getHeight()); } } Call on It is a procedure because it has void procedure instead of return type setSize C@6667f34e
JFrame setSize(int, int) getWidth() getHeight() area()
setWtoH()

Using an object of class Date

/** An instance is a JFrame with more methods */ public class C extends javax.swing.JFrame { /** Put the date and time in the title */ public void setTitleToDate() { setTitle((new java.util.Date()).toString()); C@6667f34e } } JFrame An object of class java.util.Date setSize(int, int) contains date and time at which setTitle(String) created. area() { } It has a function toString(), which C setWtoH() setTitleToDate yields the data as a String.

About null
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v1
v2
null denotes the absence of a name.
v2.getName() is a mistake! Program stops with a NullPointerException
You can write things like: v1= null;
null
C@16

C@16 C

getName()

Hello World!
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/** A simple program that prints Hello, world! */ public class myClass { args is an array of String elements /** Called to start program. */ public static void main(String[ ] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!"); } } We explain static next week. Briefly: there is only one copy of procedure main, and it is not in any object