PCB l e v e l p o w e r i n t e g r i t y d e s i g n f r o m p r e -l a y o u t t o p o s t r o u te .

Chong Ding; B ob E v a ns ; Q u inn G a u m e r ; N ie l s J e ns e n ; S u b r a m a nia n R a m a na t ha n; G ou t ha m S a b a v a t ; S t e p he n S c e a r c e ; Dou g W hit e

Presented by Stephen Scearce M anag er C i sco System s H i g h-Speed D esi g n G ro u p

P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

Agenda
PI Fundamentals (What is it and Why do we care. ) Pre R oute IR A nalysis Pre R oute A C Post R oute IR V erif ication Post R oute A C A nalysis V erif ication

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PI is essential to system operation

EMC Noise P h y sic a l R el ia b il it y of ou r P CB B it Er r or R a t e f or ser ia l l in k s R et u r n Cu r r en t Cr osst a l k D ev ic e T im in g R ed u c t ion
..

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Cisco Conf identia l

W h y is PI important? S etu p/ H old M arg in R ed u c tion

P resenta tion_ ID

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S i m u l t aneo u s S w i t c h i ng N o i s e (S S N )

N oise caused b y sev eral driv ers switching at the same time
P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

S i m u l t aneo u s S w i t c h i ng N o i s e (S S N )
1 B it 5 B i ts 2 2 B i ts

T hi s i s the no i se g enerated w hen al l the bi t are ru nni ng w i th the sam e pattern M o re bi ts sw i tchi ng - > H i g her no i se l ev el s

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

S S N E y e D i agr am : 2 2 B i t S w i t c h i ng

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Cisco Conf identia l

S S N E y e D i agr am : 1 1 2 B i t S w i t c h i ng

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Cisco Conf identia l

W h at i s P o w er I nt egr i t y ?

P resenta tion_ ID

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P o w er S y s t em

D es i gn

V R M

B u l k C aps

C eram i c C aps PC B

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Pack ag e C aps Pl ane D i e C ap C ap

10

W h at ar e w e m i s s i ng?
PC B V R M Pl ane C ap

B u l k C aps C eram i c C aps

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

11

W h at ar e w e m i s s i ng?
LVIA RVIA

LPlane RPlaneCPlane

P resenta tion_ ID

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12

Pre Route I R A n a ly s is

P resenta tion_ ID

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13

W h at Q u es t i o ns do I need ans w er f o r P r e-R o u t e I R anal y s i s

H ow much current can a 2 2 -R D -8 v ia handle ? Which layer should b e used f or the p lane? H ow much current can a X mil trace carry? H ow much drop is ok ? .

What weig ht C u should b e used , , 1 , 2 ,

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

14

E x am p l e f o r p r e- r o u t e I R anal y s i s
T his system consists of a ceramic B G A with 2 30 0 Pins C ore current of 30 amp s, 1 .2 V olts, 6 0 p ins S tack up is 1 2 0 mills thick M in V ia siz e is 2 2 rd8 ,

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15

H o w m u c h c u r r ent c an a 2 2 r d8 V i a h andl e ?

Where: R i s t he res i s t a n c e, r h o i s t he res i s t i v i t y o f t he p l a t i n g l i s t he l en g t h o f t he v i a A i s t he a rea o f t he c o p p er i n t he v ia .

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

16

H o w m u c h c u r r ent c an a 2 2 r d8 V i a h andl e ?
We have 30 amps/60 pins - > 0. 5 amps per pin Whic h is ~ 3mV d r o p ( b o t h G N D + P WR )

U sing t he I P C 2 2 2 1 c har t w it h 1 0 D eg C r ise t he c u r r ent mu st b e l ess t han 0. 7 5 A mps 0. 5 amps < 0. 7 5 amps

P resenta tion_ ID

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I PC T em p ri se chart f o r C u rrent v s C u A rea f o r i nternal co ndu cto rs ( repl aced by I PC 2 1 5 2 )

Cisco Conf identia l

17

W h i c h l ay er s h o u l d b e u s ed f o r t h e p l ane?
We hav e ~ 3mV of drop f rom the top of the stack up to the b ottom T his is 0 .2 5 % way would hav e ~ of this drop of the 1 .2 V sup p ly

D o we need a hig her layer f or imp rov ed IR drop ?

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Cisco Conf identia l

18

H o w
A ssu me

m u c h c u r r ent c an a t r ac e c ar r y ?
o z C u ( ~ 0. 7 mil l s t hic k )

H o w w id e w o u l d my t r ac e need t o b e t o c ar r y t he 30 A mps? F r o m t he I P C C har t s w e c an see t hat t he 30 g o es o f f t he c har t .

I nt er nal Wid t h - > 4 . 3 w it h 7 mV d r o p/in E x t er nal

- > 1 . 7 w it h 1 8 mV d r o p/in

ht t p : / / c ir c u it c a l c u l a t or . c om / w or d p r e s s / ? s = v ia + c u r r e nt + c a l c
P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

19

W h at w ei gh t C u s h o u l d b e u s ed , , 1 , 2 ?
A ssu me 2 o z C u ( ~ 2 . 8 mil s t hic k ) H o w w id e w o u l d my t r ac e need t o b e t o c ar r y t he 30 A mps? I nt er nal Wid t h - > 1 . 08 w it h 7 mV d r o p/in E x t er nal d r o p/in

- > 4 1 7 mil s w it h 1 8 mV

ht t p : / / c ir c u it c a l c u l a t or . c om / w or d p r e s s / ? s = v ia + c u r r e nt + c a l c
P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

20

H o w

m u c h dr o p i s o k ?

A ssume the allowab le v oltag e v ariation at the B G A is + / -2 .5 % We can allocate + / -1 .0 % Which leav es + / -1 .5 % 1 % = 1 2 mV total to A C to IR drop N oise

We hav e 3 mV f or the V ias, and 7 mV with the 2 oz Internal 1 inch f eed trace Is this too close? H ow can we imp rov e this ?

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

21

Pos t Route I R V eri f i c a ti on

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

22

P o s t r o u t e t o o l s f o r I R anal y s i s
S ig rity Power D C C adence IR
www.cadence.c o m / http://www.sigrity.com/products/powerdc/powerdc.htm

A p ache Sentinel-P I A nsof t D C

http://www.a pa che-da .com/a pa cheda /H ome/P roductsa n dS ol ution s/S ystemP owerN oiseR el ia b il ity/S en tin el -P I .html

www.a n sof t.com/products/si/siwa v e/da ta sheet.cf m? f = S I wa v e.

I2 R S olv er f or PC B s and Pack ag es

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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23

T h e p o s t r o u t e I R p r o c es s (S i gr i t y P o w er D C )
T ranslate the p ost route desig n D ef ine the sources (V R M and connectors)

D ef ine the current sink f or loads, and sp ec the distrib ution of these if p ossib le M ak e sure the stack up C u thick ness matches S et the ap p rop riate limits f or the simulation Full p ost route f or IR drop

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

24

P o s t R o u teIR

V er i f i c at i o n

D id we f all b elow the p re-route C u width recommendations? D oes the V R M H ow much current can the v ias handle?

f eedb ack resistor p osition matter ?

C an we use thick er C u to minimiz e our IR drop ?

D oes the antip ad siz e in B G A area mak e or b reak our desig n?

P resenta tion_ ID

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25

D id w e f all b elow th e pre-rou te C u w id th rec ommend ations?

P resenta tion_ ID

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26

We hav e ~ 4 8 mV of drop f rom V R M to the top of the A S IC T hi s i s 4 % o f the 1 .2 V su ppl y

D id w e f all b elow th e pre-rou te C u w id th rec ommend ations?

I R dro p = 1 .2 1 .1 5 2 1 = 4 8 m V IR dro p

We only hav e 1 % allocated to IR

T he 2 0 0 mil wide neck is causing ex cessiv e IR drop

VRM S e n s e p o in t

neck do w n

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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27

We hav e ~ 2 3mV of drop f rom V R M to the top of the A S IC T hi s i s 1 .9 1 % o f the 1 .2 V su ppl y

D id w e f all b elow th e pre-rou te C u w id th rec ommend ations?

I R d r op = 1 . 2 1 . 1 7 7 I R d r op

2 3 m V

~ 1 / 2 X imp rov ement B ut we only hav e 1 % allocated to IR

V R M S e ns e p oint c l os e t o V R M ou t p u t

P resenta tion_ ID

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28

D oes th e V R M f eed b ac k resistor position matter ?

P resenta tion_ ID

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29

T hi s i s 0 .0 6 % 1 .2 V su ppl y

T he f eedback l o cati o n cau sed the V R M to i ncreased v o l tag e by 2 3 m V to co m pensate f o r the D C L o ss o f the PD S. o f the

D oes th e V R M F eed b ac k resistor position matter ?

I R d r op 1 .2 0 0 8 = V e r y e S M A L L = 1 .2 0 .8 m V . f f e c t iv e I R d r op

V ol t a ge inc r e a s e d a t V R M ou t p u t b y 3 5 m V

VRM S e n s e p o in t c lo s e to B G A

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30

H ow mu c h c u rrent c an th e v ias h and le?

From our pre-rout e w e a s s umed 0 . 7 5 a mps ma x per v i a w i t h a 1 0 D eg C ri s e.

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31

T he Po st ro u te si m u l ati o ns sho w that these v i as hav e as m u ch as 4 .8 am ps. T hi s w o u l d cau se a l arg e tem p ri se f o r the v i as.

H ow mu c h c u rrent c an th e v ias h and le?

D C

cu rrent >3 A

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32

H ow mu c h c u rrent c an th e v ias h and le?

A ddi ng a seco nd ro w o f V i as al l o w s them to share the cu rrent

T he M ax v i a cu rrent i s bel o w 1 A m p. I s thi s su f f i ci ent?

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33

Can we use thicker Cu to minimize our I R d rop ?

D C R esistance

W here (t) i s the m ateri al resi sti v i ty L l eng th o f the co ndu cto r A i s the cro ss secti o nal area.

T o m in im iz e I R d r op , r ed u c e D C r esist a n c e.
For example: 1 0 x1 0 s q u are

5 0 %

r ed u c t ion in I R

1 oz is ~ = 0 .7 mil, R = 2 .4 5 e-3 2 oz is ~ = 1 .4 mil, R = 1 .2 2 e-3

d r op w it h 2 oz ov er 1 oz

W h a t w ou l d t h e r esist a n c e of a 1 x 1 sq u a r e b e?
P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

34

V p1 p0

IR

d rop w ith 1 oz C u
V p 1 p 0 , L a y e r _ P 2 1 ,

90mV I R

d r o p

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35

V p1 p0

IR

d rop w ith 2 oz C u
V p 1 p 0 , L a y e r _ P 2 1 ,

4 5 mV I R

d r o p

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

36

D oes th e antipad siz e in B G A ou r d esig n?

A ntip ad S iz e f rom 2 8 34 mills 1 mm B G A O p tion A 39 .4 - 2 8 = 1 1 .4 mil web O p tion B 39 .4 - 34 = 5 .4 mil web

area h elp

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37

V p 1 p 0

I R dr o p w i t h 1 O z C u

P resenta tion_ ID

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38

S m al l er Ant i P ad r es u l t s

I R dro p = 1 .0 0 .8 9 3 = 1 0 7 m V

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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39

L ar ger Ant i P ad r es u l t s

I R dro p = 1 .0 0 .8 8 3 = 1 1 7 m V

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40

P o s t r o u t e w i t h t h e AS I C p ac k age

V i as ex tended f ro m PK G B G A pi ns to bo ard to p l ayer 4 1

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

41

P os t rout e c urren t d en s i t y w i t h t h e A S I C pa c k a g e a n d P C B

A SI C Pack ag e + PC B I R dro p C u rrent densi ty

P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

4 2

42

Pre Route A C A n a ly s is

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

43

P r e R o u t e AC

Anal y s i s

H ow much Inductance does a X mil trace hav e? H ow much Inductance does a 2 2 rd8 V ia hav e ? Which layer should the C ap s b e mounted on? Which layer should the p lane b e p oured on?

D ef ining the PD S targ et imp edance v s f req uency What cap s meet the p re-route req uirements? S p ice S imulation

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

44

H o w m u c h I ndu c t anc e do es a 2 2 r d8 V i a h av e?
s
W he r e h is t he he ight of v ia s is t he s e p a r a t ion of t he v ia s r is t he r a d iu s of t he v ia hol e s . .

http: / / w w w .si g co n.co m / Pu bs/ new s/ 6 _ 0 4 .htm

P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

45

H o w m u c h I ndu c t anc e do es a X m i l u S t r i p t r ac e h av e?

http: / / w w w .si g co n.co m / l i b/ htm / M ST R I P.htm

P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

46

W h i c h l ay er s h o u l d t h e C ap s b e m o u nt ed o n?

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

47

C er am i c D ec o u p l i ng C ap ac i t o r s
I d e a l

Re a l i t y Cc Rc E S R

Lc

E S L

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

48

D ec o u p l i ng C ap ac i t o r s E f f ec t o f E S L
Impedance plot
1.000E+ 00
PCB 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1

1.000E-01

(n o n e ) (n o n e ) (n o n e ) (n o n e )

1.000E-02

T o ta l T a rg e t Pl a n e R e s

1.000E-03

1.000E-04 1.00E+ 03

1.00E+ 04

1.00E+ 05

1.00E+ 06

1.00E+ 07

1.00E+ 08

1.00E+ 09

1.00E+ 10

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

49

D ec o u p l i ng C ap ac i t o r s E f f ec t o f E S R
Impedance plot
1.000E+ 00
PCB 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 1 1 -2 3 3 0 -0 1 (n o n e )

1.000E-01

(n o n e ) (n o n e ) (n o n e ) T o ta l

1.000E-02

T a rg e t Pl a n e R e s

1.000E-03

1.000E-04 1.00E+ 03

1.00E+ 04

1.00E+ 05

1.00E+ 06

1.00E+ 07

1.00E+ 08

1.00E+ 09

1.00E+ 10

P resenta tion_ ID

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50

D ec oupl i n g C a pa c i t or M oun t i n g

LMounting _ loop = LPad + LTrace + LVia1 + LVia 2 Lmutual RMounting _ loop = RPad + RTrace + RVia
P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

51

W h i c h l ay er s h o u l d t h e C ap s b e m o u nt ed o n?

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

52

W h i c h l ay er s h o u l d t h e C ap s b e m o u nt ed o n?

P resenta tion_ ID

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53

Addi ng a 1 u F 0 4 0 2 t o t h e P l o t
E SR = 0 .1 0 9 O hm s, E SL = 0 .7 nH

P resenta tion_ ID

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54

Addi ng a 4 7 0 u F S M , 2 8 1 6 t o t h e P l o t
E SR = 0 .0 1 8 , E SL = 2 .2 nH

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

55

E x am p l es o f c ap ac i t o r m o u nt i ng

P resenta tion_ ID

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56

W h i c h l ay er s h o u l d t h e p l ane b e p o u r ed o n?

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

57

M o u nt i ng L / R f o r o u r 6 0 p i n C o r e

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

58

F r eq u enc y do m ai n v i ew

o f o u r m o u nt i ng L / R

D o g B o n e ( ~ 2 5 + 2 5 mi l s )

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

59

F r eq u enc y do m ai n v i ew
Vi a i n P a d

o f o u r m o u nt i ng L / R

P resenta tion_ ID

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60

D ef ining th e PD S targ et imped anc e v s f req u enc y

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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61

W h at i s t h e P C B T ar get I m p edanc e ?
ZT arg et dV Allowable _ Voltage _ delta = = dI Current _ step

PD S imp edance b elow a T arg et imp edance Power noise rip p le v oltag e to min B asically f lat v s Freq uency Z targ et = 2 .4 m O hms

For our ex amp le assume, dV = 1 8 mV , and dI = 7 .5 A mp s

P resenta tion_ ID

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62

E x am p l e o f I O

D r i v er S w i t c h i ng C u r r ent

Dr iv e r ou t p u t v ol t a ge Dr iv e r ou t p u t c u r r e nt

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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63

T ar get I m p edanc e r el ax at i o n

A Generic Periodic Digital Signal Pulse

(source: h ttp : / / w w w . nalanda. nitc. ac. in/ industry / ap p notes/ N atsem i/ AN -9 9 0 . p df

P resenta tion_ ID

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R el ax ed t ar get i m p edanc e

P resenta tion_ ID

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65

W h at c aps meet th e pre-rou te req u irements?

P resenta tion_ ID

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Cisco Conf identia l

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P r e-r o u t e c ap ac i t o r s el ec t i o n

P resenta tion_ ID

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P r e-r o u t e c ap ac i t o r s el ec t i o n

P resenta tion_ ID

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Addi ng t h e m o u nt i ng L / R

P resenta tion_ ID

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S p i c e T r ans i ent Anal y s i s

T ime domain V oltag e droop IO j itter ef f ects
Rising Edge [DK]

2 0 1 5 1 0 5 0 -1 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 -2 0

2 0 1 5 1 0 5

F a l l ing Edge [DK]

1 0

2 0

0 -2 0 1 5 1 0 5 0 -2 0

-1 0

1 0

Rising Edge [C K]

F a l l ing Edge [C K]

-1 0

1 0

2 0

-1 0

1 0

2 0

P resenta tion_ ID

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Post Route AC V er i f i c a ti on

P resenta tion_ ID

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P o s t r o u t e AC p o w er i nt egr i t y

Power-S I

p r o c es s

A l l eg ro

S-P a r a m

e te r

P resenta tion_ ID

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O u r p o s t r o u t e AC P I p r o c es s
T ranslate the p ost route D esig n (B R D C reate sp ice models f or cap s (.cir) to S PD )

D ef ine the p orts f or s-p arameter ex traction (V R M , IC ..) M ak e sure the stack up C u thick ness matches Full Post route A C ex traction S et the ap p rop riate f req uency limits f or the simulation

P resenta tion_ ID

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P o s t R o u t e S i m u l at i o n
Sp i c e S-P a r a m e te r

V R M

PC B

S-P a r a m

e t e r

PK G

D i e, w i th si nk

Freq uency D omain sweep Full C hannel IO

D ie time domain simulation simulation

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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74

P o s t r o u t e ex am p l es
Example 1: Example 2 : Example 3 : H o w lay er s elec t i o n c an ef f ec t y o u r d es i g n . b y ad d i n g v i as t o t h e d es i g n .

L o w er i n g B G A mo u n t ed L / R

Exc i t at i o n o f a po w er s y s t em r es o n an c e.

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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E x am p l e 1 : H o w l ay er s el ec t i o n c an ef f ec t y o u r des i gn.

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Example 1:

76

M o u nt i ng ef f ec t s f o r L ay er 2 7

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Example 1:

77

M o u nt i ng ef f ec t s f o r L ay er 2

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Example 1:

78

F r eq u enc y do m ai n c o m p ar i s o n

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Example 1:

79

T r ans i ent C o m p ar i s o n o f M o u nt i ng L ay er

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Example 1:

80

E x am p l e 2 : L o w er i ng B G A m o u nt ed L / R b y addi ng v i as t o t h e des i gn.

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Example 2 :

81

M o u nt i ng ef f ec t s (2 x V i as f o r L ay er 2 7 )

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Example 2 :

82

M o u nt i ng ef f ec t s (2 x V i as f o r L ay er 2 7 )

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Example 2 :

83

T r ans i ent C o m p ar i s o n o f M o u nt i ng L ay er

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Example 2 :

84

E x am p l e 3 : E x c i t at i o n o f a p o w er s y s t em

r es o nanc e.

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Example 3 :

85

E x c i t i ng a P D S s y s t em

R es o nanc e

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Conf identia l

Example 3 :

86

E x c i t i ng a P D S s y s t em

R es o nanc e

V R M

PC B

PK G

1 0 M H z V S 3 6 M H z t r ia ngu l a r w a v e 1 0 A

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Example 3 :

87

S u m m ar y
PI Fundamentals (What is it and Why do we care. ) Pre R oute IR A nalysis Pre R oute A C Post R oute IR V erif ication Post R oute A C A nalysis V erif ication

P resenta tion_ ID

2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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88

D r B o b E v a n s , N C S U C l a s s N o t e s , 2 0 0 3 . H .W . J o h n s o n a n d M . G r a h a m , H i g h S p e e d D i g i t a l D e s ig n , A h a n d b o o k o f b la c k m a g ic , P re n tic e H a ll, I S B N 0 -1 3 -3 9 5 7 2 4 -1 , 1 9 9 3 R .K . P o o n , C o m p u t e r C i r c u i t s E l e c t r i c a l D e s i g n , 1 9 9 4 , P re n tic e H a ll. D .B ro o k s , M a in ta in in g C le a n P o w e r , U ltra C a d W e b s i t e w w w .u l t r a c a d .c o m , 1 9 9 5 . D .B r o o k s , B y p a s s C a p a c ito r s , P r in te d C ir c u it M a g a z i n e , U l t r a C a d W e b s i t e w w w .u l t r a c a d .c o m , M a r c h 1 9 9 8 . I PC -2 1 5 2 : Standard f o r D eterm i ni ng C u rrent C arryi ng C apaci ty i n Pri nted B o ard D esi g n N ew C o rrel ati o ns betw een E l ectri cal C u rrent and T em peratu re R i se i n PC B T races by J o hannes A dam ( F l o m eri cs L td.)
P resenta tion_ ID 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Conf identia l

R e fe r e n c e s

89

L .D . S m i t h , P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n S y s t e m D e s i g n M e t h o d o l o g y a n d C a p a c ito r S e le c tio n fo r M o d e rn C M O S T e c h n o lo g y , IE E E T r a n s a c tio n s o n A d v a n c e d P a c k a g in g , V o l.2 2 , N o .3 , A u g 1 9 9 9 . L .D . S m i t h , P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n N e t w o r k s f o r N e x t G e n e r a t i o n S y s te m s , E P E P C o n fe re n c e S h o rt C o u rs e , O c t.2 0 0 0 . L .D . S m i t h , P o w e r P l a n e S p i c e M o d e l s f o r F r e q u e n c y a n d T im e D o m a in s , E P E P C o n f e r e n c e O c t.2 0 0 0 . Is tv a n N o v a k , R e d u c in g S im u lta n e o u s S w itc h in g N o is e a n d E M I o n G ro u n d /P o w e r P la n e s b y D is s ip a tiv e E d g e T e rm in a tio n S U N M i c r o s y s t e m s , I n c ., E P E P C o n f e r e n c e O c t . 1 9 9 8 . P A R A S I T I C I N D U C T A N C E O F M U L T I L A Y E R C E R A M I C C A P A C I T O R S , b y J e ffr e y C a in , P h .D . A V X C o r p o r a tio n C u r r e n t C a r r y i n g C a p a c i t y o f V i a s b y Doug Brooks and Dav e G rav e s

R e fe r e n c e s

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