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Data Types: Declaring and Initializing Variables, Type Conversion

This document discusses C data types and type conversion. It describes the basic data types in C like int, char, float, and double. It also discusses qualifiers that can be used with basic types like short, long, unsigned. It provides examples of declaring and initializing variables of different types. It explains type conversion that occurs during assignments between variables of different types and possible information loss during conversion. It provides a summary of common type conversions and examples. Finally, it lists some practice questions about declaring variables of different types.

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Er Ashish Baheti
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74 views

Data Types: Declaring and Initializing Variables, Type Conversion

This document discusses C data types and type conversion. It describes the basic data types in C like int, char, float, and double. It also discusses qualifiers that can be used with basic types like short, long, unsigned. It provides examples of declaring and initializing variables of different types. It explains type conversion that occurs during assignments between variables of different types and possible information loss during conversion. It provides a summary of common type conversions and examples. Finally, it lists some practice questions about declaring variables of different types.

Uploaded by

Er Ashish Baheti
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA TYPES

Declaring and Initializing Variables, Type Conversion

Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Data Types

C supports several types of data, each of which may be represented differently within the computers memory.

Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Basic Data Types


Type int char float double Length Description 16 bits integer quantity 8 bits single character 32 bits floating-point number 64 bits double-precision floating-point number Range -32,768 to 32,767 -128 to 127 3.4 * ( 10**-38) to 3.4 * ( 10**+38) 1.7 * ( 10**-308) to 1.7 * ( 10**+308)

The basic data types can be augmented by the use of the data type qualifiers short, long, signed and unsigned.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Basic Data Types with Qualifiers


Type unsigned char char unsigned int short int int unsigned long Length 8 bits 8 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 32 bits Range 0 to 255 -128 to 127 0 to 65,535 -32,768 to 32,767 -32,768 to 32,767 0 to 4,294,967,295

long
float double long double

32 bits
32 bits 64 bits 80 bits

-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
3.4 * ( 10**-38) to 3.4 * ( 10**+38) 1.7 * ( 10**-308) to 1.7 * ( 10**+308) 3.4 * ( 10**-4932) to 1.1 * ( 10**+4932)

Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Declaring Variables
A declaration associates a group of variables with a specified data type. All variables must be declared before they can appear in executable statements. A declaration consists of a data type, followed by one or more variable names, ending with a semicolon.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Examples Declaring Variables


A C program contains the following type declarations:
int a, b, c;
float root1, root2; char flag;

Thus , a, b and c are declared to be integer variables, root1 and root2 are floating-point variables and flag is a char-type variable.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Examples Declaring Variables


These declarations could also have been written as follows:
int a, b, c; float root1, root2; char flag; int a; int b; int c; float root1; char flag;

float root2;

This form may be useful if each variable is to be accompanied by a comment explaining its purpose. In small programs, however, items of same type are usually combined in a single declaration.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Initializing Variables
Initial values can be assigned to variables within a type declaration. To do so, the declaration must consist of a data type, followed by a variable name, an equal sign(=) and a constant of the appropriate type. A semicolon must appear at the end, as usual.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Examples Initializing Variables


A C program contains the following type declarations:
int a = 12; int b = 2400; int c = -320; float root1 = 3.12; float root2 = -8.2; char flag = *;

Thus, a, b and c are integer variables whose initial values are 12, 2400 and -320, root1 and root2 are floating-point variables whose initial values are 3.12 and -8.2 and flag is a char type variable initially assigned the character *.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Type Conversion
When variables of one type are mixed with variables of another type, a type-conversion will occur. In an assignment, the type conversion rule is easy:
The value of the right side(expression side) of the assignment is converted to the type of the left side (target variable), as illustrated here:

Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Example Type Conversion


int x; char ch; float f; ch = x; x = f; f = ch; // line 1 // line 2 // line 3

f=x

// line 4

In line 1, the left high order bits of the integer variable x are lopped off, leaving ch with the lower 8 bits. If x were between 255 and 0, ch and x would have identical values. Otherwise, the value of ch would reflect only the lower-order of bits of x.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Example Type Conversion


int x; char ch; float f; ch = x; x = f; f = ch; // line 1 // line 2 // line 3

f=x

// line 4

In line 2, x will receive the non-fractional part of f. In line 3, f will convert the 8-bit integer value stored in ch to the same value in the floatingpoint format.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Example Type Conversion


int x; char ch; float f; ch = x; x = f; f = ch; // line 1 // line 2 // line 3

f=x

// line 4

In line 4, except that f will convert an integer value into floating-point format.

Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Example Type Conversion


When converting from integers to characters and long integers to integers, the appropriate amount of high order bits will be removed.

In many 16-bit environments, this means that 8 bits will be lost when going from an integer to a character and 16-bits will be lost when going from a long integer to an integer.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Example Type Conversion


For 32-bit environments, 24 bits will be lost when converting from an integer to a character. Remember that the conversion of an int to a float, or a float to a double, and so on, does not add any precision or accuracy.

These kind of conversions only change the form in which value is represented.
Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Summary Type Conversion


Target type signed char char char char char short int short int Expression type char short int int (16 bits) int (32 bits) long int int (16 bits) int (32 bits) Possible info loss If value > 127, target is negative High-order 8 bits High-order 8 bits High-order 24 bits High-order 24 bits None High-order 16 bits

int (16 bits)


int (32 bits) int float double

long int
long int float double long double

High-order 16 bits
None Fractional part and possibly more Precision, result rounded Precision, result rounded

The outcome of Common Type Conversions


Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

Practice Questions
Give suitable declarations for the variables to hold the values for : Your name. Your age ( can never be negative ). Your %age marks.

Your 10-digit mobile number.


Your Country represented by either I or O. Boolean values 0 or 1. To store the values that begin with 0x.

Designed by Parul Khurana, LIECA.

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