Scripting
Scripting
runtime environment that can interpret and automate the execution of tasks which could alternatively be e xecuted one-by-one by a human operator. Environments that can be automated throu gh scripting include software applications, web pages within a web browser, the shells of operating systems (OS), and embedded systems. A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific language for a particular environment; in the ca se of scripting an application, this is also known as an extension language. Scr ipting languages are also sometimes referred to as very high-level programming l anguages, as they operate at a high level of abstraction. The term "scripting language" is also used loosely to refer to dynamic high-leve l general-purpose language, such as Perl[1], Tcl, and Python,[2] with the term " script" often used for small programs (up to a few thousand lines of code) in su ch languages, or in domain-specific languages such as the text-processing langua ges sed and AWK. Some of these languages were originally developed for use withi n a particular environment, and later developed into portable domain-specific or general-purpose languages. Conversely, many general-purpose languages have dial ects that are used as scripting languages. This article discusses scripting lang uages in the narrow sense of languages for a specific environment; dynamic, gene ral-purpose, and high-level languages are discussed at those articles. The spectrum of scripting languages ranges from very small and highly domain-spe cific languages to general-purpose programming languages used for scripting. Sta ndard examples of scripting languages for specific environments include: bash, f or the Unix or Unix-like operating systems; ECMAScript (JavaScript), for web bro wsers; and Visual Basic for Applications, for Microsoft Office applications. Lua is a language designed and widely used as an extension language. Python is a ge neral-purpose language that is also commonly used as an extension language, whil e ECMAScript is still primarily a scripting language for web browsers, but is al so used as a general-purpose language. The Emacs Lisp dialect of Lisp (for the E macs editor) and the Visual Basic for Applications dialect of Visual Basic are e xamples of scripting language dialects of general-purpose languages. Some game s ystems, notably the Trainz franchise of Railroad simulators have been extensivel y extended in functionality by scripting extensions.