In The Southern Ukrainian

In the southern Ukrainian port city of Odessa, known for its multiculturalism, unique brand of humour, rich clubbing
culture and sex tourism, a strange new trend has emerged that locals are calling Barbie flu. First there was Valeria Lukianova, who turned heads by spending hours every day styling herself as a human Barbie. Soon, several others had followed suit . Within weeks they had become an internet sensation. But why? Olga Oleinik has no qualms about her appearance as she meets the Guardian, dressed in futuristic overalls of her own design, five-inch heeled shoes , false hair, false eyelashes, false nails, eye lenses , and a thick layer of makeup. Oleinik said she needs all these artifices to "feel in harmony" with her inner self. "I've never aimed to look like Barbie. People call us this way. I have more of a space or fantasy image," she said. "But I think Barbie is a common image of beautiful girls." Some find the trend disturbing, a hyperbolic example of the synthetic look that has taken off in former Soviet republics since the end of the Soviet Union . One website devoted to trying to puncture the human Barbie bubble called the living dolls "a mix of Photoshop, sky-high pathos, worthlessness in life, narcissism and complete nonsense about astral and other esoteric". Oleinik is undeterred. "They are underdeveloped people," she says of her critics. "I treat them with compassion.
Jean jacques rousseau
A member of DIDEROT's circle, he was one of the great figures of the French ENLIGHTENMENT and probably the most significant of those who shaped 19th-cent. ROMANTICISM, influencing such figures as KANT, GOETHE, ROBESPIERRE, TOLSTOY, and the French revolutionists. Rousseau's most celebrated theory was that of the "natural man." In his Discourse on the Inequalities of Men (1754) and Social Contract (1762) he maintained that human beings were essentially good and equal in the state of nature but were corrupted by the introduction of property, agriculture, science, and commerce. People entered into a SOCIAL CONTRACT among themselves, establishing governments and educational systems to correct the inequalities brought about by the rise of civilization. mile (1762), a didactic novel, expounds Rousseau's theory that education is not the imparting of knowledge but the drawing out of what is already in the child. From the 1760s Rousseau was tormented by persecution mania, and he lived his later years in seclusion. His Confessions (1781) created a new, intensely personal style of autobiography.
Diderot Denis Diderot was the most prominent of the French Encyclopedists. He was educated by the Jesuits, and, refusing to enter one of the learned professions, was turned adrift by his father and came to Paris, where he lived from hand to mouth for a time. Gradually, however, he became recognized as one of the most powerful writers of the day. His first independent work was the Essai sur le merite et la vertu (1745). As one of the editors of the Dictionnaire de medecine (6 vols., Paris, 1746), he gained valuable experience in encyclopedic system. His Pensees philosophiques (The Hague, 1746), in which he attacked bothatheism and the received Christianity, was burned by order of the Parliament of Paris. In the circle of the leaders of the Enlightenment, Diderots name became known especially by his Lettre sur les aveugles (London, 1749), which supported Lockes theory of knowledge. He attacked the conventional morality of the day, with the result (to which possibly an allusion to the mistress of a minister contributed) that he was imprisoned at Vincennes for three months. He was released by the influence of Voltaires friend Mme. du Chatelet, and thenceforth was in close relation with the leaders of revolutionary thought. He had made very little pecuniary profit out of the Encyclopedie, and Grimm appealed on his behalf to Catherine of Russia, who in 1765 bought his library, allowing him the use of the books as long as he lived, and assigning him a yearly salary which a little later she paid him for fifty years in advance. In 1773 she summoned him to St. Petersburg with Grimm to converse with him in person. On his return he lived until his death in a house provided by her, in comparative retirement but in unceasing labor on the undertakings of his party, writing (according to Grimm) two-thirds of Raynals famous Histoire philosophique, and contributing some of the most rhetorical pages to Helvetiuss De l esprit and Holbachs Systeme de la nature Systeme social, and Alorale universelle. His numerous writings include the most varied forms of literary effort, from inept licentious tales and comedies which pointed away from the stiff classical style of the French drama and strongly influenced Lessing, to the most daring ethical and metaphysical speculations. Like his famous contemporary Samuel Johnson , he is said to have been more effective as a talker than as a writer; and his mental qualifications were rather those of a stimulating force than of a reasoned philosopher. His position gradually changed from theism to deism, then to materialism, and finally rested in a pantheistic sensualism. In Sainte-Beuves phrase, he was the first great writer who belonged wholly and undividedly to modern democratic society, and his attacks on the political system of France were among the most potent causes of the Revolution.
Voltaire First published Mon Aug 31, 2009 Franois-Marie d'Arouet (16941778), better known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French writer and public activist who played a singular role in defining the eighteenth-century movement called the Enlightenment. At the center of his work was a new conception of philosophy and the philosopher that in several crucial respects influenced the modern concept of each. Yet in other ways Voltaire was not a
philosopher at all in the modern sense of the term. He wrote as many plays, stories, and poems as patently philosophical tracts, and he in fact directed many of his critical writings against the philosophical pretensions of recognized philosophers such as Leibniz, Malebranche, and Descartes. He was, however, a vigorous defender of a conception of natural science that served in his mind as the antidote to vain and fruitless philosophical investigation. In clarifying this new distinction between science and philosophy, and especially in fighting vigorously for it in public campaigns directed against the perceived enemies of fanaticism and superstition, Voltaire pointed modern philosophy down several paths that it subsequently followed. To capture Voltaire's unconventional place in the history of philosophy, this article will be structured in a particular way. First, a full account of Voltaire's life is offered, not merely as background context for his philosophical work, but as an argument about the way that his particular career produced his particular contributions to European philosophy. Second, a survey of Voltaire'sphilosophical views is offered so as to attach the legacy of what Voltaire did with the intellectual viewpoints that his activities reinforced.

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In the southern Ukrainian port city of Odessa, known for its multiculturalism, unique brand of humour, rich clubbing

Jean jacques rousseau

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