8.

Cartesian Coordinate System and Straight lines

Solutions
Section A m × (−1) − 4 − 6m
(b) =8
1. (a) (2 + k ) x − (1 + 2k ) y + (4 + 5k ) = 0 m2 +1
2 x + kx − y − 2ky + 4 + 5k = 0 (−7m − 4) 2 = 64(m 2 + 1)
(2 x − y + 4) + k ( x − 2 y + 5) = 0 49m + 56m + 16 = 64m 2 + 64
2

2 x − y + 4 = 0...............(1) 15m 2 − 56m + 48 = 0

 (3m − 4)(5m − 12) = 0
 x − 2 y + 5 = 0...............(2)
(1) − (2) × 2 : 4 12
∴ m = or m =
− y − 2 × (−2 y ) + 4 − 2 × 5 = 0 3 5
3y − 6 = 0
y=2 6 8

Substituting y = 2 into (2), 1 −1 3

3. (a) Area =
x − 2× 2 + 5 = 0 2 3 −3
x = −1 6 8
∴ The fixed point = (−1, 2) =
1
[(18 + 3 + 24) − (−8 + 9 − 18)]
2
1
(b) Let (h, 0) and (0, h) be the x and y-intercepts = × 62
2
respectively. = 31 sq.units
h−0
Slope of L =
0−h
h (b) AB = [6 − (−1)] 2 + (8 − 3) 2
=
−h
= 49 + 25
= −1
It passes through (−1, 2) , the equation of = 74
L is AC = (6 − 3) 2 + [8 − (−3)] 2
y − 2 = −1( x + 1)
= 9 + 121
y − 2 = − x −1
x + y −1 = 0 = 130

1
2. (a) Equation of L: (c) Area of ∆ABC = × AB × AC × sin ∠BAC
2
y − 0 = m( x − 6)
1
y = mx − 6m 31 = × 74 × 130 sin ∠BAC
2
mx − y − 6m = 0 62
sin ∠BAC =
mx − y − 6m 74 × 130
=0
± m 2 + (−1) 2 = 0.6321
mx − y − 6m ∠BAC = 39.2° (1 d.p.)
=0
± m2 +1

1
 −2 − 0 Section B
4. (a) Slope of BC =
5 − (−3)
1 x+2
=− 5. (a) =1
4 1 − 2x
AP ⊥ BC x+2 x+2
1 =1 or = −1
∴ Slope of AP = (−1) ÷ (− ) 1 − 2x 1 − 2x
4 x + 2 = 1 − 2x or x + 2 = −1 + 2 x
=4 3 x = −1 or 2 + 1 = 2x − x
Equation of AP is 1
y − 4 = 4( x − 1) x=− or x=3
3
y = 4x
−2
(b) (i) Slope of L2 = = −2
(b) Let Q be the foot of the altitude from B to AC. 1
−2 − 4 m − (−2)
Slope of AC = tan 45° =
5 −1 1 + m × (−2)
3
=− m+2
2 1=
1 − 2m
BQ ⊥ AC
 3 By the result of (a),
∴ Slope of BQ = (−1) ÷  −  1
 2 m = 3 or − (rejected)
2 3
=
3 (ii) Equation of L1 is:
Equation of BQ is y − 3 = 3( x + 2)
2 y − 3 = 3x + 6
y − 0 = ( x + 3)
3 y = 3x + 9
3 y = 2x + 6  y = 3 x + 9.......................(1)
2x − 3y + 6 = 0 
2 x + y − 4 = 0.................(2)
The intersection point of AP and BQ is the Substituting (1) into (2),
orthocenter. 2 x + 3x + 9 − 4 = 0
 y = 4 x............................(1) 5 x = −5

2 x − 3 y + 6 = 0...............(2) x = −1
Substituting (1) into (2), Substituting x = −1 into (1),
2 x − 3(4 x) + 6 = 0 y = 3 × (−1) + 9
10 x = 6 =6
3 ∴ The point of intersection is (−1, 6) .
x=
5
3
Substituting x = into (1),
5
3
y = 4×
5
12
=
5
 3 12 
∴ The orthocenter is  , 
5 5 

2
 (c) For L1 : y = 3 x + 9 , −4 4
(e) Slope of L = =
when y = 0, 3x + 9 = 0 −3 3
x = −3 −2
Slope of L1 = = −2
∴ The x-intercept of L1 is −3 . 1
For L2 : 2 x + y − 4 = 0 , Let θ be the acute angle between L and L1 .

when y = 0, 2 x − 4 = 0 4
− (−2)
x=2 tan θ = 3
4
∴ The x-intercept of L2 is 2. 1 + × (−2)
3
[2 − (−3)] × 6
Area of triangle = = −2
2
= 15 sq. units =2
θ = 63.4°

6. (a) Equation of L3 :
x y
+ =1
−6 8
− 4 x + 3 y = 24
4 x − 3 y + 24 = 0

(b) Family of straight line is

2 x + y − 8 + k ( x − y − 1) = 0
(2 + k ) x + (1 − k ) y − (8 + k ) = 0

(c) If L // L3 , then
−4 − ( 2 + k )
=
−3 1− k
4(1 − k ) = −3(2 + k )
4 − 4k = −6 − 3k
4 + 6 = 4k − 3k
k = 10
∴ Equation of L is
(2 + 10) x + (1 − 10) y − (8 + 10) = 0
12 x − 9 y − 18 = 0
4x − 3y − 6 = 0

24 − (−6)
(d) Perpendicular distance =
4 2 + (−3) 2
30
=
5
=6