Definition of 'Dividend Discount Model - DDM'

Definition of 'Dividend Discount Model - DDM'
A procedure for valuing the price of a stock by using predicted dividends and discounting them back to present value. The idea is that if the value obtained from the DDM is higher than what the shares are currently trading at, then the stock is undervalued.
Definition of 'Free Cash Flow - FCF'

A measure of financial performance calculated as operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. Free cash flow (FCF) represents the cash that a company is able to generate after laying out the money required to maintain or expand its asset base. Free cash flow is important because it allows a company to pursue opportunities that enhance shareholder value. Without cash, it's tough to develop new products, make acquisitions, pay dividends and reduce debt. FCF is calculated as: EBIT(1-Tax Rate) + Depreciation & Amortization - Change in Net Working Capital - Capital Expenditure It can also be calculated by taking operating cash flow and subtracting capital expenditures.
Definition of 'Beta'
A measure of the volatility, or systematic risk, of a security or a portfolio in comparison to the market as a whole. Beta is used in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), a model that calculates the expected return of an asset based on its beta and expected market returns. Also known as "beta coefficient."
Investopedia explains 'Beta'

Beta is calculated using regression analysis, and you can think of beta as the tendency of a security's returns to respond to swings in the market. A beta of 1 indicates that the security's price will move with the market. A beta of less than 1 means that the security will be less volatile than the market. A beta of greater than 1 indicates that the security's price will be more volatile than the market. For example, if a stock's beta is 1.2, it's theoretically 20% more volatile than the market. Many utilities stocks have a beta of less than 1. Conversely, most high-tech, Nasdaq-based stocks have a beta of greater than 1, offering the possibility of a higher rate of return, but also posing more risk.
Definition of 'Market Portfolio'

A theoretical bundle of investments that includes every type of asset available in the world financial market, with each asset weighted in proportion to its total presence in the market. The expected return of a market portfolio is identical to the expected return of the market as a whole. Because a market portfolio is completely diversified, it is subject only to systematic risk (risk that affects the market as a whole) and not to unsystematic risk (the risk inherent to a particular asset class).
Definition of 'Credit Risk'

The risk of loss of principal or loss of a financial reward stemming from a borrower's failure to repay a loan or otherwise meet a contractual obligation. Credit risk arises whenever a borrower is expecting to use future cash flows to pay a current debt. Investors are compensated for assuming credit risk by way of interest payments from the borrower or issuer of a debt obligation. Credit risk is closely tied to the potential return of an investment, the most notable being that the yields on bonds correlate strongly to their perceived credit risk.
Definition of 'Market Efficiency'

The degree to which stock prices reflect all available, relevant information. Market efficiency was developed in 1970 by Economist Eugene Fama who's theory efficient market hypothesis (EMH), stated that it is not possible for an investor to outperform the market because all available information is already built into all stock prices. Investors who agree with this statement tend to buy index funds that track overall market performance. Degrees of Efficiency Accepting the EMH in its purest form may be difficult; however, there are three identified classifications of the EMH, which are aimed at reflecting the degree to which it can be applied to markets.
1. Strong efficiency - This is the strongest version, which states that all information in a market, whether public or private, is accounted for in a stock price. Not even insider information could give an investor an advantage. 2. Semi-strong efficiency - This form of EMH implies that all public information is calculated into a stock\'s current share price. Neither fundamental nor technical analysis can be used to achieve superior gains. 3. Weak efficiency - This type of EMH claims that all past prices of a stock are reflected in today\'s stock price. Therefore, technical analysis cannot be used to predict and beat a market.

Definition of 'Dividend Discount Model - DDM'

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Definition of 'Dividend Discount Model - DDM'

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Definition of 'Dividend Discount Model - DDM'

Definition of 'Free Cash Flow - FCF'

Investopedia explains 'Beta'

Definition of 'Market Portfolio'

Definition of 'Credit Risk'

Definition of 'Market Efficiency'

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