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Relations and Functions: Chapter - 2

The document discusses key concepts related to relations and functions in mathematics including Cartesian products, domains, ranges, and various types of functions. It provides examples and definitions of Cartesian products of sets, relations, functions, and specific functions like identity, constant, modulus, and greatest integer functions. It also includes short questions related to these topics with answers provided.

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Anudeex Shetty
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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158 views8 pages

Relations and Functions: Chapter - 2

The document discusses key concepts related to relations and functions in mathematics including Cartesian products, domains, ranges, and various types of functions. It provides examples and definitions of Cartesian products of sets, relations, functions, and specific functions like identity, constant, modulus, and greatest integer functions. It also includes short questions related to these topics with answers provided.

Uploaded by

Anudeex Shetty
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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17 XI Mathematics

CHAPTER - 2
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
KEY POINTS
Cartesian Product of two non-empty sets A and B is given by,
A B = { (a,b) : a e A, b e B}
If (a,b) = (x, y), then a = x and b = y
Relation R from a non-empty set A to a non-empty set B is a subset of
A B.
Domain of R = {a : (a,b) e R}
Range of R = { b : (a,b) e R}
Co-domain of R = Set B
Range _ Co-domain
If n(A) = p, n(B) = q then n(AB) = pq and number of relations = 2
pq
A relation f from a set A to a set B is said to be a function if every element
of set A has one and only one image in set B.
D
f
= {x : f(x) is defined} R
f
= {f(x) : x e D
f
}
Identity function, f : R R; f(x) = x

x e R where R is the set of real


numbers.
D
f
= R R
f
= R
O X X
Y
Y
f
(
x
)

=

x
XI Mathematics 18
Constant function, f : R R; f(x) = c x e R where c is a constant
D
f
= R R
f
= {c}
O
X X
Y
Y
}c
f(x) = c
Modulus function, f : R R; f(x) = |x| x e R
D
f
= R
R
f
= R
+
= { x e R: x > 0}
O
X X
Y
Y
Signum function, f : R R ;
, )
>

= =

<

1, If x 0
f x 0, if x 0
1, if x 0
D
f
= R
R
f
= {1,0,1}
O
X X
Y
Y
1
y = 1
y = 1
1
19 XI Mathematics
Greatest Integer function, f : R R; f(x) = [x], x e R assumes the value
of the greatest integer, less than or equal to x
D
f
= R R
f
= Z
2
1
21 1 2 3 4
1
2
3
f : R R, f(x) = x
2
D
f
= R R
f
= [0, )
f : R R, f(x) = x
3
D
f
= R R
f
= R
Let f : X R and g : X R be any two real functions where x c R then
(f g) (x) = f(x) g(x) x e X
(fg) (x) = f(x) g(x) x e X
XI Mathematics 20
, )
, )
, )
, )
| |
= e =

\ .
f x f
x x X provided g x 0
g g x
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
1. Find a and b if (a 1, b + 5) = (2, 3)
If A = {1,3,5}, B = {2,3} find : (Question-2, 3)
2. A B
3. B A
Let A = {1,2}, B = {2,3,4}, C = {4,5}, find (Question- 4,5)
4. A (B C)
5. A (B C)
6. If P = {1,3}, Q = {2,3,5}, find the number of relations from A to B
7. If A = {1,2,3,5} and B = {4,6,9},
R = {(x, y) : |x y| is odd, x e A, y e B}
Write R in roster form
Which of the following relations are functions. Give reason. (Questions 8
to 10)
8. R = { (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (4,5)}
9. R = { (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4)}
10. R = { (1,2), (2,5), (3,8), (4,10), (5,12), (6,12)}
Which of the following arrow diagrams represent a function? Why?
(Question- 11,12)
11.
a
b
c
d
X
1
2
3
4
Y
0
21 XI Mathematics
12.
2
3
5
7
0
2
4
3
1
Let f and g be two real valued functions, defined by, f(x) = x
2
, g(x) = 3x +
2, find : (Question 13 to 16)
13. (f + g)(2)
14. (f g)(1)
15. (fg)(1)
16.
, )
| |

\ .
f
0
g
17. If f(x) = x
3
, find the value of,

f 5 f 1
5 1
18. Find the domain of the real function,

2
f x x 4
19. Find the domain of the function,


2
2
x 2x 3
f x
x 5x 6
Find the range of the following functions, (Question- 20,21)
20.

2
1
f x
1 x
21. f(x) = x
2
+ 2
22. Find the domain of the relation,
R = { (x, y) : x, y e Z, xy = 4}
Find the range of the following relations : (Question-23, 24)
XI Mathematics 22
23. R = {(a,b) : a, b e N and 2a + b = 10}
24.
| |
= e < <
`

\ .
)
1
R x, : x z, 0 x 6
x
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
25. Let A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {1,4,9,16,25} and R be a relation defined from A
to B as,
R = {(x, y) : x e A, y e B and y = x
2
}
(a) Depict this relation using arrow diagram.
(b) Find domain of R.
(c) Find range of R.
(d) Write co-domain of R.
26. Let R = { (x, y) : x, y e N and y = 2x} be a relation on N. Find :
(i) Domain
(ii) Codomain
(iii) Range
Is this relation a function from N to N?
27. , )

s s
=

s s

2
x , when 0 x 2.
Let f x
2x, when 2 x 5
, )

s s
=

s s

2
x , when 0 x 3.
g x
2x, when 3 x 5
Show that f is a function while g is not a function.
28. Find the domain and range of,
f(x) = |2x 3| 3
29. Draw the graph of the Greatest Integer function
23 XI Mathematics
30. Draw the graph of the Constant function, f : R R; f(x) = 2

x e R. Also
find its domain and range.
ANSWERS
1. a = 3, b = 2
2. A B = {(1,2), (1,3), (3,2), (3,3), (5,2), (5,3)}
3. B A = { (2,1), (2,3), (2,5), (3,1), (3,3), (3,5)}
4. {(1,4), (2,4)}
5. {(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5)}
6. 2
6
= 64
7. R = { (1,4), (1,6), (2,9), (3,4), (3,6), (5,4), (5,6)}
8. Not a function because 4 has two images.
9. Not a function because 2 does not have a unique image.
10. Function 11. Function
12. Not a function 13. 0
14. 4 15. 1
16. 0 17. 31
18. (, 2] [2, ) 19. R {2,3}
20. (, 0) [1, ) 21. [2,)
22. {4, 2, 1,1,2,4} 23. {2,4,6,8}
24.

`
)
1 1 1 1
1, , , ,
2 3 4 5
25. (a)
1
2
3
4
4
9
16
25
1
XI Mathematics 24
(b) {1,2,3,4}
(c) {1,4,9,16}
(d) {1,4,9,16,25}
26. (i) N
(ii) N
(iii) Set of even natural numbers
yes, R is a function from N to N.
28. Domain is R
Range is [3, )
30. Domain = R
Range = {2}

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