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EOC c22 PDF

This document contains answers to end-of-chapter questions from Chapter 22. It provides answers to multiple choice and short answer questions about trends in Group 14 elements and their compounds. The answers reference properties like melting points, bond strengths, oxidation states, and acid-base behaviors to explain observed reactivities and stabilities.

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237 views2 pages

EOC c22 PDF

This document contains answers to end-of-chapter questions from Chapter 22. It provides answers to multiple choice and short answer questions about trends in Group 14 elements and their compounds. The answers reference properties like melting points, bond strengths, oxidation states, and acid-base behaviors to explain observed reactivities and stabilities.

Uploaded by

Khaing26
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Chapter 22
1 a melting point decreases from carbon to lead / down the group; diamond, silicon and germanium have giant covalent structures; large amount of energy required to break the bonds / strong bonds; strength of bonds in order C C > Si Si > Ge Ge; tin and lead have giant metallic structures; but (metallic) bonding not very strong; because of the large ions b carbon dioxide has a simple molecular structure; weak intermolecular forces / weak van der Waals forces between the molecules; tin(IV) oxide has a giant (covalent / ionic) structure; requires a lot of energy to break the strong bonds c i SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2] [2] d germanium(IV) oxide is more stable than germanium(II) oxide (or reverse argument) [1] e i redox reaction; [1]  in which a substance oxidises and reduces itself / oxidation number of (a particular type of) atom goes up as well as down [1] ii 2GeO Ge + GeO2 [1] Total = 11 3 a i SnO2 ii PbO b i tin(IV) chloride more stable / lead(IV) chloride less stable / tin(IV) chloride decomposes less easily / lead(IV) chloride decomposes more easily;  (metalchlorine) bond weaker in lead(IV) chloride than tin(IV) chloride ii SnCl4 SnCl2 + Cl2 c i Ge2+  E value is most negative; so best at releasing electrons ii Pb4+ iii Pb4+ and PbO2 (+ 4H+) iv PbO2 + 4H+ + 2V2+  Pb2+ + 2H2O + 2V3+ [1] [1]

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2]

ii it has a giant covalent structure with very strong bonds; it takes a lot of energy to break these bonds;  so it doesnt melt in the high temperature of the furnace d i amphoteric ii SnO2 + 4HCl SnCl4 + 2H2O iii SnO2 + 2NaOH Na2SnO3 + H2O

[1 mark for formulae; 1 mark for balancing]

[1 mark for formulae; 1 mark for balancing]

Total = 12

[1 mark for formulae; 1 mark for balancing] [1 mark for formulae; 1 mark for balancing]

Total = 21

2 a i

Cl Ge

Cl  ii 109.5 b GeCl4 has a simple molecular structure; the forces keeping the molecules together are weak / van der Waals forces are weak; little energy required to overcome the (weak) attractive forces. c GeCl4 + 2H2O GeO2 + 4HCl

Cl

Cl

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2]

4 a any six of the following: [6] electrical conductivity increases from carbon to lead / down the group; diamond has no mobile electrons / all electrons used in bonding; diamond doesnt conduct; silicon and germanium have extremely/ very low conductivity/ are semi-conductors / are metalloids / are semi-metals; some of the electrons in Si and Ge can change position; tin and lead have metallic structures of ions in sea of delocalised electrons; delocalised / mobile electrons can move / act as charge carriers (when potential difference applied)

[1 mark for formulae; 1 mark for balancing]

AS and A Level Chemistry Cambridge University Press

Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 22

b i +2 oxidation state more stable at bottom of the group / more stable for lead; [1]  [allow oxidation state +2 becomes more stable going down the group]  +4 oxidation state more stable at top of group; [1]  [allow oxidation state +4 becomes less stable going down the group]

ii 2PbO2 2PbO + O2

c CO2 and SiO2 are acidic; GeO2, SnO2 and PbO2 are amphoteric; oxides get more basic down the group. d PbO + 2NaOH Na2PbO2 + H2O

[1 mark for formulae, 1 mark for balancing]

[2] [1] [1] [1] [2]

[1 mark for formulae, 1 mark for balancing]

Total = 15

Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 22

AS and A Level Chemistry Cambridge University Press

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