Chapter 1.2
Chapter 1.2
Chapter 1.2
II
(3,1) x
III
(1,1)
IV
y
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A linear equation in two variables is an equation that can be written in the standard form Ax + By = C, where A, B, and C are constants (A and B not both 0), and x and y are variables. A solution of an equation in two variables is an ordered pair of real numbers that satisfy the equation. For example, (4,3) is a solution of 3x - 2y = 6. The solution set of an equation in two variables is the set of all solutions of the equation. The graph of an equation is the graph of its solution set.
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 12e 5
A C y x mx b B B
C y B
C x A
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x 0 6 3
y 2 0 y-intercept x-intercept
1 check point
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Special Cases
The graph of x = k is the graph of a vertical line k units from the y-axis. The graph of y = k is the graph of the horizontal line k units from the x-axis. Examples: 1. Graph x = 7 2. Graph y = 3
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Solutions
x = 7 y=4
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Slope of a Line
Slope of a line:
y2 y1 rise m x2 x1 run
x1, y1
rise
x2 , y2
run
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Slope-Intercept Form
The equation
y = mx+b
is called the slope-intercept form of an equation of a line. The letter m represents the slope and b represents the y-intercept.
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15
5 x 2 y 10 2 y 5 x 10 5 x 10 5 y x 5 2 2 2
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Point-Slope Form
The point-slope form of the equation of a line is
y y1 m( x x1 )
where m is the slope and (x1, y1) is a given point. It is derived from the definition of the slope of a line:
y2 y1 m x2 x1
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Example
Find the equation of the line through the points (5, 7) and (4, 16).
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Example
Find the equation of the line through the points (5, 7) and (4, 16). Solution:
16 7 9 m 1 4 (5) 9
Now use the point-slope form with m = 1 and (x1, x2) = (4, 16). (We could just as well have used (5, 7)).
y 16 1( x 4) y x 4 16 x 12
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Application
Office equipment was purchased for $20,000 and will have a scrap value of $2,000 after 10 years. If its value is depreciated linearly, find the linear equation that relates value (V) in dollars to time (t) in years:
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Application
Office equipment was purchased for $20,000 and will have a scrap value of $2,000 after 10 years. If its value is depreciated linearly, find the linear equation that relates value (V) in dollars to time (t) in years: Solution: When t = 0, V = 20,000 and when t = 10, V = 2,000. Thus, we have two ordered pairs (0, 20,000) and (10, 2000). We find the slope of the line using the slope formula. The y intercept is already known (when t = 0, V = 20,000, so the y intercept is 20,000). The slope is (2000 20,000)/(10 0) = 1,800. Therefore, our equation is V(t) = 1,800t + 20,000.
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Price-supply equation.
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Price-demand equation
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The equilibrium point is approximately (298, 1.52). This means that the common value of supply and demand is 298 million bushels when the price is $1.52.
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