First International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems

The Application of a Wireless Sensor Network Design Based on ZigBee in Petrochemical Industry Field
Zhang Ke1 Li Yang1 XIiao Wang-hui2 Suh Heejong3
(1. College of information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China) (2. Sino-Korea Chongqing GIS Research Center,College of Computer Science & Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400-65,China)

(3. Chonnam National University, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do 550-749Yosu, Korea) [email protected] [email protected] In the industrial field, modernization processes through the AbstractWith the rapid development of computer, communication and web technology, especially the widely introduction of advanced technology have made the application of embedded computer and sensor technology, productivity improve and production costs decline. Especially Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) composed of several the development and applications of digital electronic hundreds to thousands of nodes which are capable of sensing, technologies and communication, the level of industrial actuation, and the ability to communicate have been paid automation systems have greater progress. Many large attention in this field allover the world. In this paper, the author enterprises, such as petrochemical industry enterprises, the first discusses the advantages of wireless sensor networks (WSN) production of geographical is dispersible. The service division and analyses the application of WSN in Petrochemical Industry of labor is complex. The production environment is bad, even Field. In addition, compares ZigBee technology with the present the gas pollution and the inflammable explosive extremely wireless communication technology. Furthermore, introduce dangerous and so on. These environments require substantial ZigBee protocol and features. Then, with the Freescale environmental instrumentation and measuring appliance and Semiconductors product C13192-SARD DSK board Devise the control implementing agency and a large number of on-site a WSN project based on ZigBee technology to be used in collection points. Using wireless communication among too petrol-chemical industry. Finally, verify the correctness and many points mentioned above is the optimizing solution. This feasibility of the plan. will enable the automatic control simpler, more stable production system, thereby achieving greater efficiency and Keywords: computer communication, wireless sensor networks, petrochemical production safety. design, ZigBee I. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of computer, communication and web technology, especially the widely application of embedded computer and sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)composed of several hundreds to thousands of nodes which are capable of sensing, actuation, and the ability to communicatehave been paid attention in this field allover the world. Wireless sensor network system combines sensor technology, embedded computing technology, distributed information processing and communication technologies, and real-time collaborates to monitor, build and sample regional distribution networks within the target environment or monitoring information, and processes such information to get detailed and accurate information transmitted to the information needs of users. So, WSN is one of the hot research directions and has tremendous scientific importance and application prospects [1]. Wireless sensor network promise great advantages in terms of flexibility, cost, autonomy and robustness with respect to wired ones. Wireless sensor networks are poised to become a very significant enabling technology in many sectors, particularly in remote data acquisition, such as Automation and control in factory. With the development of wireless network technology, short distance wireless ommunication technologies represented by wireless LAN and Bluetooth increasingly attract specialist this field. Currently, the short distance wireless communication technologies include infrared (IrDA), LAN (IEEE802.11), Bluetooth, ZigBee and ultra-wideband, its characteristics and applications of these technologies have their own market positioning [1]. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: in section II we will compare these technologies mentioned above briefly. In section III, introduce ZigBee technology content and features. In section IV, present the system diagram and project scheme, and in sections V test the program and show the results of procedures. Finally, gain conclusion. II. SEVERAL KINDS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES PRINCIPAL HARACTERISTICS

As before-mentioned, this part compares the various currently widely used Wireless Networks briefly. 1. IrDA The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) defines physical specifications and communication protocols for the short range exchange of data over infrared light, for uses such as personal area networks (PANs). In 1995 only 38% of the leading

978-0-7695-3391-9/08 $25.00 2008 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ICINIS.2008.184

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portable computer manufacturers shipped Infrared with their product. By 1997 that number reached 100%, and now is widely expected that a personal device (laptops, PDA, mobile phones) will include an infrared port. The reason is simple: Cost, reliability and flexibility have all contributed to the overwhelming acceptance the Infrared standard now enjoys. The IrDA standard radio equipment transmission speed has gradually developed from 115.2kbps to 4Mbps, 16Mbps. The major problem of IrDA used in the industry network lie only in between 2 equipments, in fact it is one kind of wireless optical communication techniques and can only supports the straight line dissemination. 2. WLAN(IEEE802.11) The IEEE 802.11 standards are a set of specifications to provide the same functionality as the IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (Ethernet) standard. That is, to implement LANs but with the air as a transmission medium instead of cables. The resulting communication networks are known as WLANs (Wireless LANs). IEEE 802.11 is a member of the family IEEE 802 which handles specifications for Local Areas Networks (LANs). The protocol covers specification for Layer 1 (physical) and Layer 2 (data link) of the OSI model. Access Points (APs) use also layer 3 (IP Layer), but it is for management purposes only. 802.11 is the original standard, it specifies transmissions speed of 2Mbps or 1Mbps. It works in the 2.4GHz ISM band using either FHSS or DSSS with PSK modulation. 802.11b This is the most successful technology among the 802.11 family. The standard operates in the 2.4GHz band (ISM). It has 11 channels but only three (1, 6, 11) are non-overlapping. It uses DSSS as Encoding Scheme, and the data speed with its respective modulation are: 11 & 5.5 Mbps (CCK), 2 Mbps (DQPSK), 1 Mbps (DBPSK). Its range is approximately 300 feet. But at present, the IEEE802.11 standards have not been widely accepted by the industry, its standard complexity increased the difficulty for the user choice standardization wireless platform. As a consequence the throughput is usually much lower than the expected 11 Mbps. Also, the low throughput speed makes it impractical for some bandwidth-hungry applications like in the industry situation. 3. BLUETOOTH IEEE 802.15.1 The IEEE 802.15 is the Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for: Wireless Personal Area Networks. The IEEE Project 802.15.1 has derived a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard based on the Bluetooth v1.1 Foundation Specifications. In 1998, Ericsson, Nokia, IBM have promoted the Bluetooth technology together, which is mainly used in to communication and the information equipment wireless connection. It selects the fast-frequency hopping method, is one kind of spot to the multi-spots, may simultaneously support the voice and the data short distance wireless transmission technology; The transmission speed may reach 1Mbps; The operating frequency is 2.4GHz, range of validity approximately in 10m radius.

Moreover, Bluetooth continuously contain the chip price high, has less merchant support; form one "Piconet" with only 7 nodes and so on. All these have restricted it in the large-scale sensor networks development application. 4. UWB The UWB (ultra-wideband) technology was first introduced in the context of wireless communications in the mid 90s, driven by the demand for high data-rate (HDR) links for multimedia traffic, over short distances. A notable example is the IEEE 802.15.3a initiative for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). In this context, the two main technical proposals were based upon the DS-CDMA (Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access) and the MB-OFDM (Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation formats, respectively. Recently, though, there has been a growing interest towards the application of the UWB technology to low-power low data-rate (LDR) networks, like in sensor networks, as witnessed by the creation of the IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group. This trend has also been marked by the return to the origins of the UWB technology, deriving from radar applications, namely the use of impulse radio (IR). UWB-IR systems make use of ultra-short duration pulses which yield ultra-wide bandwidth signals characterized by extremely low power spectral densities. These systems are particularly suited for sensor network applications as they potentially combine reduced complexity with low-power consumption, immunity to multipath fading, multi-access capabilities, resilience vs. interference and support for precise ranging/localization. 5. Zigbee ZigBee is a hot new personal area network radio communications standard with a catchy name. Some people say ZigBee got its name from the way bees zig and zag while tracking between flowers and relaying information to other bees about where to find resources (router bees!). It is designed for mesh networking. The applications are targeted toward groups of unattended wireless systems in homes, offices, and factories. ZigBee is optimized for low-cost, low-power systems. The compromise is fairly modest bit ratesa maximum of 250 kbps versus the 1 Mbps of Bluetooth version 1.2. [2] III. ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY CONTENT AND FEATURES ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low power consumption, low cost, wireless networking protocol targeted towards automation and remote control applications. IEEE 802.15.4 committee started working on a low data rate standard a short while later. ZigBee uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) modulation in mixed mesh, star, and peer-to-peer topologies (including cluster-free) to deliver a reliable data service with optional acknowledgments. The range per node is a nominal 10 m, but popular implementations have a single-hop range of up to 100 m per node line of sight (and farther if relaying through other nodes). ZigBee employs 64-bit IEEE addresses and shorter 16-bit ones for local addressing, which allows thousands of nodes per network. Association is the process used to establish a devices membership in the network. With

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16 channels at 2.4 GHz offering 250 kbps, 10 channels at 915 MHz offering 40 kbps, or one channel at 868 MHz offering 20 kbps, ZigBee provides modest bandwidth that enables multi-year battery life from a coin cell in designs with a low duty-cycle (less than 0.1%).

Low power (battery life multi-month to years) Multiple topologies: star, peer-to-peer, mesh Addressing space of up to: - 18,450,000,000,000,000,000 devices (64 bit IEEE address) - 65,535 networks Optional guaranteed time slot for applications requiring low latency Fully hand-shaked protocol for transfer reliability Range: 50m typical (5-500m based on environment) [6][7]

Fig.1 ZigBee topology

Fig.2 Operating frequency bands.

IV.

THE SYSTEM DIAGRAM AND PROJECT SCHEME

1.

IEEE 802.15.4 STANDARD

The IEEE standard brings with it the ability to uniquely identify every radio in a network as well as the method and format of communications between these radios, but does not specify beyond a peer-to-peer communications link a network topology, routing schemes or network growth and repair mechanisms [3].

"

What the factory need, in many cases, is a standards-based wireless technology having the performance characteristics that closely meet the requirements for reliability, security, low costs and low power. They require longer battery life and lower data rates and less complexity than available from existing wireless standards. This standards-based, interoperable wireless technology will address the unique needs of low data rate wireless control and sensor-based networks. ZigBee is the best choice. 1. Hardware platforms A WSN project will be designed under ZigBee technology to be used in petrol-chemical industry, with the ZigBee device and development kits available in market, Which are MC1319x. The MC1319x is a short range, low power, 2.4GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band transceiver designed to be IEEE 802.15.4 Standard compliant. Typical intended applications include Remote control and wire replacement in industrial systems such as wireless sensor networks. The 13192-EVB is an 802.15.4/ZigBee evaluation board based on the MC13192, 2.4GHz transceiver and the MC9S08GT60 MCU. The 13192-EVB provides both serial and USB connectivity to a PC for easy evaluation [8].

Fig.3 IEEE 802.15.4 Stack

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard, released in May 2003, was selected by the ZigBee Alliance as its wheels and chassis, upon which ZigBee networking and applications are constructed. This is not without its challenges, as the Alliance does not control the IEEE specification. However, many of the same people who sit in the IEEE 802.15 Working Group are deeply involved in the ZigBee standard; this relationship has meant that both the IEEE and the ZigBee specifications track one another fairly well. Figure 3 shows the relative organization of the IEEE radio with respect to the ZigBee functionality [4][5]. 2. ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 - General Characteristics: Dual PHY (2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz) Data rates of 250 kbps (@2.4 GHz), 40 kbps (@ 915 MHz), and 20 kbps (@868 MHz) Optimized for low duty-cycle applications (<0.1%) CSMA-CA channel access Yields high throughput and low latency for low duty cycle devices like sensors and controls

Fig. 4 system diagram of hardware platforms In this design the data sampling unit has included the temperature, the gas pressure and the acceleration instrument.
(1) temperature sensor MLX90601: Analog linear output; PWM output, SPI programmable interface; Precision 0.2 . (2) pressure sensor MS5534AP: Integrated the ADC interface IC and anti-pressure sensor which has provided 16 pressures parameters output. Moreover the module has also contained the parameter which 6 may read, facilitates the

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realization software adjustment and the high precision, automatically cut off the power source, 3 lines interfaces may carry out each kind of communication with microprocessor. (3) The kits have brought about the sensors whose nodes acceleration along the XYZ axis direction vector can be directly surveyed. 2. Software and Protocols
(a) two dimensional modules (b) X-Y-Z acceleration test

Sensor networking has seen an enormous amount of research activity in the last five years, making it difficult to do justice to this large body of literature. Our exposition takes a systems approach, describing the components of an emerging special-purpose sensor networking infrastructure used in petrol-chemical factory.[8]. The author uses Freesacle MC13192 +GT60 development kits, in which CodeWarriorTM Development Studio and the simple application SMAC software package take part in software supplements. Must contain following several parts regarding the sensor nots software design: (1) the event partially actuates (2) hardware config of transmitted chip (3) hardware config of the data processing chip (4) the media-access control (MAC) layer establishment (5) the physical layer establishment (6) the serial interface disposition part. As the low-power advantage of ZigBee technology, compile the procedure considering the low power movement and sleeping function of transmitted chip. Moreover, because contains the serial interface procedure, needs to design the serial interface transmission speed. V. THE ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS Because objective reason, only oscilloscope and acceleration instrument test result demonstration as follows: Namely the kits have brought about the sensors whose nodes acceleration along the XYZ axis direction vector can be directly surveyed. When test, passes through repeatedly surveys, sensor transmitting range approximately about 70m. To observe the dates of sensor nodes connected to the PC computer, use CodeWarriorTM Development Studio data procedure TRIAX and obtains the results as following. Figure 5 (a) (b) are the primary data demonstration modules; Figure 6 are the results demonstration modules, include the two dimensional display, results of acceleration and oscilloscope.
(c) oscilloscope test Fig.6 results demonstration modules

The results above show that this design hardware parts are reasonable; the system works normally; software compiled run correctly. All that realized the design original intention. VI. CONCLUSIONS The wireless sensor network was considered one of huge influence high-technology produces in the 21st century. ZigBee is short distance wireless technology standard in view of application in sensor network, control automation and so on, is the near distance, low complex, low power, low data rate, and low cost wireless communication. This paper presents a WSN project based on ZigBee technology to be used in petrol-chemical industry. The theoretical analysis and the experiments Confirm that this project design reasonably, hardware system work normal, the software procedure compiled for WSN is correct. it has the very great practical value. Believed that, with continuous progress of scientific technology, especial the overcoming of some key problems in sensor networks, the application prospect of this design is very optimistic in the petrol-chemical industry domain. VII. REFERENCES
[1] H. Abrach, S. Bhatti, J. Carlson, H. Dai, J. Rose, A. Sheth, B. Shucker, J. Deng, and R. Han. MANTIS: System support for MultimodAl NeTworks of In-situ Sensors. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Sensor Networks and Applications, pages 50{59, San Diego, CA, USA, Sept. 2003. ACM. [2] P Kinney,ZigBee Technology: Wireless Control that Simply. Works, IEEE Communications Design Conference,Oct 2003 [3] Draft P802.15.4/D18, Fevrier-2003 : Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personel Area Networks (LR-WPANs). [4] Jon T. Adams ZIGBEE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY AND THE IEEE802.15.4 RADIO ENABLING SIMPLE WIRELESS. Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Texas Wireless Symposium 2005. [5] ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Summary http://www.zigbee. [6] Various authors, ZigBee Specification, ZigBee Alliance, 14 December 2004. [7] ZigBee Alliance, http://www.caba.org/standard/zigbee.html. [8] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 802. 15. 4 MAC/ PHY Software guide.www. freescale. com,2004

(a) input interface

(b) input display

Fig.5 primary data demonstration modules

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