SUSTAINABLE ENGAGED SIGNIFICANT SMART RESPONSIBLE RELEVANT

Guide to
Positive Performance Measurement
in the Western Australian Minerals and Resources Industry

October 2004
 The objectives of the CME Guide are to:-

3
W Provide practical guidelines that define and
standardise positive performance measures (PPMs)
pertinent to the needs and diverse nature of the
mineral and resource industry in Western Australia.
3
W Provide a composite, user friendly, and valued tool
for PPMs, that is readily integrated into and in
support of an organisation’s Occupational Health
and Safety Management System (OHSMS).
3
W Explain the relationship of PPMs to an
organisation’s business plan and their OHSMS.
3
W Advocate the most current and authoritative
PPM methodologies.
3
W Acknowledge the varying stages of
organisational maturity in health and safety
management application.
3
W Acknowledge the different types of hazards
experienced in different mineral and resource
projects with their inherent work practises.
3
W Empower an organisation to identify where
occupational health and safety issues exist and to
target those areas with preventative action.
3
W Enable organisations to identify and select PPMs
(from a core selection) appropriate to their
organisational development and maturity rather
than as an ad hoc exercise.
3
W Assist Health and Safety Professionals, Advisors
and anyone wishing to utilise leading
performance indicators.
ILUKA RESOURCES LIMITED

CME would like to thank Newmont Australia Limited for supplying the photographs that appear on the front cover.
Contents

1. Introduction 2

2. Positive Performance Measures in the Minerals and Resources Industry 3

2.1 Why should the minerals and resources industry adopt positive performance measures? 3

2.2 What is the purpose of positive performance measures? 3

2.3 What can be achieved by using positive performance measures? 4

2.4 What problems can arise with the use of positive performance measures? 4

3. Types of Positive Performance Measurements 4

3.1 Input (Activity Measures) 4

3.2 Process (Focus Measures) 4

3.3 Output (Action Plan Measures) 5

4. Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 5

5. The Process of Defining Positive Performance Measures 7

6. Positive Performance Measures 10

Appendix 1 The Advantages of a Systems Format 34

Appendix 2 Overview of the Elements of AS 4801:2001 34

Appendix 3 Example – Manual Handling Training 36

Appendix 4 Bibliography 37

Glossary 38

NEWMONT AUSTRALIA ROBE RIVER IRON ASSOCIATES ALCOA WORLD ALUMINA AUSTRALIA

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 1
 1. Introduction
Increased emphasis is placed on the need for promoting action to correct potential weaknesses
organisations to use leading indicators or positive without waiting for demonstrated failures.
performance measures rather than solely focusing on
To encourage increased use of PPMs, this guide has
lagging indicators such as lost time injury frequency been put together to provide:
rate (LTIFR), fatality frequency rate (FFR) and
disabling injury frequency rate (DIFR). • practical assistance on why and how PPMs should
be implemented;
• practical instruction on data collection and
A leading indicator is something measurement; and
that provides information that • implementation tools for the selection and use
helps the user respond to of PPMs.
changing circumstances and take The guide does not provide a definitive list of PPMs that
actions to achieve desired will be suitable for all businesses within the minerals
industry, nor is it a simple checklist for measuring health
outcomes or avoid unwanted and safety management. Rather this guide:
outcomes1.
• explains that the selection of PPMs is flexible and
open to review and change; and
The use of positive performance measures (PPMs) in • focuses on assessing how successfully a work site
occupational health and safety is focused on using is performing by monitoring processes, which
these measures to improve safety performance by produce good health and safety outcomes.

GOLD FIELDS AUSTRALIA

1
Step Change in Safety (2003) Leading Performance Indicators: Guidance for Use, Safety Change in Safety, UK

2 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
2. Positive Performance Measures in the Minerals and Resources Industry
Positive performance measures are part of a process Positive performance measures are:
to guide actions that will improve future performance
• an essential planning and measurement tool for
within an organisation. Given the vast differences
achieving improved health and safety performance;
between organisations and work sites it is not possible
to establish: • a key step in any management process, forming
the basis of continual improvement in an
• a generic or standard set of positive performance
organisation’s OHS risk control mechanisms; and
measures that will apply to the entire minerals
industry; or • an objective measurement of total operational
performance.
• a set of positive performance measures that will
be relevant to an organisation indefinitely.
The purpose of identifying and
Each workplace needs to identify using PPMs is to assist work sites
where there are potential improve their health and safety
weaknesses or opportunities for performance.
improvement within that
particular workplace and identify
2.2 What is the purpose of positive
a limited number of PPMs to
performance measures?
address these.
They can achieve this through:
• providing information that helps the user to take
Relevant measures will vary depending on the actions to achieve desired outcomes or avoid
workplace structure, size, risk and existing unwanted outcomes;
occupational health and safety practices.
• enhancing an organisation’s ability to objectively
recognise areas of deterioration, poor performance
2.1 Why should the minerals and and/or underdevelopment in their OHS practices;
resources industry adopt positive • providing information on the progress and
performance measures? current status of the strategies, processes and
The use of lagging indicators in isolation is not a reliable activities used by worksites to address health and
and/or an accurate measurement of occupational health safety risks; and
and safety (OHS) performance. A wider range of OHS • allowing for periodical monitoring of progress
measurement is needed. and review of objectives to identify if targets are
being met.

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 3
 2.3 What can be achieved by using 2.4 What problems can arise with the use
positive performance measures? of positive performance measures?
The use of PPMs will lead to: - If measurement is not carried out correctly, the
effectiveness of health and safety practices cannot be
• Increased OHS activity and an improved health
assessed and there is no reliable information source
and safety culture that is encouraged by
to determine how well OHS risks are being
management and supported by the workforce.
controlled.
• Efficient implementation of corrective action
Incorrect measurement leads to ineffective
items which creates a new found interest and
development of OHSMS’s and inappropriate allocation
raised awareness in OHS.
of resources.
• Health and safety plans being discussed by all
Positive performance measures can lead to wrong
levels of the workforce allowing for greater
and/or misleading conclusions if inappropriate
participation in OHS reviews.
thresholds and measures are chosen. They are prone
• Improved processes and increasing OHS activity to being measured in isolation and therefore can
that results in achievement of set goals. generate misinformation.
• Improved performance due to focussing on what
is currently important and what can be measured.

3. Types of Positive Performance Measurements

Input measures are of value as long as there is a direct
Three types of PPMs can be relationship between the input and the resulting out-
identified to measure the proactive, come. This may not be so easy to demonstrate, and in
many cases amounts to measuring ACTIVITY in safety.
leading activities necessary to
control loss and damage.
3.2 Process (Focus Measures)
The Minerals Council of Australia2 have previously This style measures the indicator within the process.
defined these three types of positive performance It focuses on the predominant types of injuries and
measures as:- monitors the practices and behaviours.

• input or activity measures; In the example in Table 1 the predominant injury are
sprains and strains. The risk controls introduced were
• process or focus area type measures; and manual handling training for operators and risk
• output or action plan type measures. assessment with several controls to mitigate risk. To
determine the effectiveness of the introduced risk
3.1 Input (Activity Measures) controls it is necessary to monitor work practices and
behaviours associated with the task to determine a
This style of indicator measures inputs that can be cause and effect relationship. Where a reduction in the
counted or measured and is described numerically. precursors of significant strains/sprains (back, shoulder
For example the: injuries) can be demonstrated an indicator is
• number of JSAs written established that identifies risk control measures are
having an effect.
• percentage of safety training performed
• number of safety meetings The key with process measures is to focus on key
drivers or contributors to the outcome of concern and
• number of audits performed it must be directly related in a cause effect
• number of inspections completed relationship. Employee behaviours and task
• percentage of job descriptions with OHS observations can be useful indicators of how well risks
requirements documented. are perceived and controlled.

2
Minerals Council of Australia (2003) “Positive Performance Measures – A Practical Guide” Minerals Council of Australia: Sydney

4 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
 Predominant Risk Control Practices/behaviours Cause/Effect
Injury Measure to be Monitored Relationship
• Manual Handling (MH) Training • Compliance in use of • % of personnel who use MH
• Risk Assessment & Control i.e. MH aid/equipment aid/equipment for task not
Strains and • MH aid/equipment • Compliance in use of incurring a strain or sprain.
sprains • Access modified agreed access to task • No. of strains and sprains
• Material storage lowered to eliminate • Storage area incurred from task where agreed
lifting above shoulder height redesigned access not used.

Table 1. Process Measure Example

3.3 Output (Action Plan Measures) performance indicators. For example if a occupational
health and safety management plan (OHSMP)
These measure outputs in terms of achievement of
objective is set as “all supervisors are required to
objectives or whether a target or goal has been met.
attend OHS training”, then the performance indicator
For example whether all supervisors have attended
is Supervisor Attendance at OHS training and the PPM
OHS training.
is actual attendances recorded, measured and
Output measures can be set in order to track progress reported as a percentage.
towards achieving items from an Action Plan and as

4. Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems

A systematic health and safety management system skeleton of the system and the required processes to
can assist worksites to clearly identify what their make the system work. Figure 2 illustrates sub-
responsibilities are and how they will manage them. elements and how they can relate to the key elements.
It also creates a framework that can be audited to
These key elements and sub-elements are based on
ensure system completeness and allow for continuous
Australian/New Zealand Standard 4801:2001
improvement to achieve a safe workplace. The
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management
advantages of a systems format are summarised in
System (AS/NZS 4801:2001). Additional detail on
Appendix 1.
the key elements and sub-elements of AS/NZS
Experience has shown that if a safety management 4801:2001 is provided in Appendix 2.
system is to be effective, successful and sustainable, it
This Guide has adopted the AS/NZS 4801:2001 as
must contain a number of essential features as
the base format for presentation of the PPMs given
demonstrated in Figure 1.
the extensive use of the standard across the mineral
An occupational health and safety management system and resource industry. This allows a system which can
is comprised of a number of key elements. Each key be replicated and is verifiable with key elements that
provides a framework for sub-elements which detail the are easily recognisable.

Continual
Improvement

Management
OHS Policy
Review

Measurement
Planning
& Evaluation
Implementation

Figure 1. AS/NZS 4801:2001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Model3
3
Standards Australia, AS/NZS 4801:2001 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Specification with guidance for use. Standards Australia
International Ltd: Sydney.

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 5
 OHS Management System Key Elements
1. OHS Policy 2. Planning 3. Implementation 4. Measurement 5. Management
and Evaluation Review

Sub Elements

• Organisation to • Planning to include • Structure and • Monitoring and • Review of OHSMS

determine their identification of responsibility Measurement (Periodic review to
OHS Policy - hazards, ensure its continuing
A Statement by the assessment and - Allocate - Inspection, testing suitability and
organisation of its control of risks resources for and monitoring – effectiveness in
intentions and human, physical fire systems, NDT, satisfying the
principles in relation • Determine legal and & financial calibration of organisation’s:
to its overall OHS other requirements imperatives equipment,
performance, which for compliance ventilation, - Policy
provides a framework - Assign OHS pressure vessels, - Objectives, targets
for action and for • Set objectives and responsibilities switchboards, air and performance
setting overall OHS targets for OHS and quality etc indicators
objectives and accountabilities - Audit findings
targets. This is the • Determine OHS to key personnel - Health - Corrective action
main DRIVER. management plan surveillance
for organisation • Determine (If required by • Continual
which may cascaded training needs and processes) improvement
down throughout competencies based on the
the company • Incident continuous
• Consultation, investigation, evaluation of OHS
communication corrective and performance for the
and reporting preventative action purpose of
(OHS performance, identifying
incident, hazard, and • Records and opportunities for
statutory) records improvement.
management
• Documentation of
the OHSMS • Audits of the
(Policies, OHS OHSMS
standards, SOP’s,
job descriptions)

• Document and
data control

• Hazard
identification, risk
assessment and
control of risks
(Risk assessment,
hierarchy of control,
evaluation, design,
contractor mgmt,
purchasing)

• Emergency
preparedness and
response

Figure 2. Occupational Health and Safety Management System Framework Detailing System Sub-Elements

4
Standards Australia, AS/NZS 4801:2001 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Specification with guidance for use, Standards Australia
International Ltd: Sydney.

6 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
 ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI AUSTRALIA LIMITED

5. The Process of Defining Positive Performance Measures

Positive performance measures quantify and qualify Flexibility is required in order to allow an operation to
objectives and targets set during health and safety reflect on what is being measured and whether it is
management planning and are refined after a period achieving its intent. When a work site has achieved its
of monitoring. desired outcome and performance plateaus further
improvements can be gained from consultatively
The process of defining PPMs requires a worksite to
determining alternative PPMs at a site, department,
determine:-
and individual level.
• Where they are at - by assessing their current
Each mineral and resource operation should be
level of safety performance using audits;
mindful of the types of PPMs it selects to ensure that
• Where they want to be - by setting objectives what is being measured relates closely to any
and targets; objectives set.
• Strategies of how they are going to get there - The number of PPMs selected is highly dependent on
by developing OHS Management & Improvement the maturity of the operation. Mineral and resource
Plans. operations who are intending to set PPMs for the first
time are strongly encouraged to start off small and
monitor whether core OHS activities are being
Positive performance measures performed.
cannot be defined carte blanch
for all work sites, as they will vary
with the maturity and style of Use of PPMs is much more
the operation. effective if a limited number are
chosen for use, with regular
review of the ongoing relevance
To be effective, PPMs need to be;
of them being undertaken.
• owned by mine personnel;
• relevant; and The process of defining an organisational PPM table
• developed in consultation with employees. can be broken down into five steps. Figure 3
graphically demonstrates the steps required.

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 Positive Performance Measures (PPMs)
Selection Process
Review Organisation’s OHS Management System
• Policy
• Objectives, Targets & Performance Indicators
• Audit findings ie Internal/Third party
STEP • Outstanding Corrective Actions
1 • Hazard Register
REVIEW

Compare OHS Performance to the Organisation’s OHS Goals

Define
• OHSMS deficits
• Changes to OHS Policy (if required)

Identify Specific OHS Improvement Areas

• The OHSMS supporting policy, procedures & forms
• Identified hazards (high/extreme) requiring risk mitigation incentives
STEP • OHS training deficits
2 • OHSMS elements that need promotion or reinforcement

STEP
Define Specific Objectives Define Specific Targets
3 for improvement for each objective (with time frames allocated)

STEP
4 Determine OHS Activities required to achieve the objectives and targets within the specified time frame.
(These would be included in the OHS Management/Implementation/Improvement Plans).

Determine What Activities Require Measurement

(These are the Positive Performance Indicators - PPIs).

STEP
5 Agree on the Types and Number of Positive Performance Measures
(PPMs) required to measure each PPI defined
Input Process Output
PLANNING

Activity Measure Focus Measure Action Plan Measure

Create List of Positive Performance Measures for each PPI

(Example) Method of Approach Monitoring Strategy
How How How Report
PPI PPM Review
Collected Calculated Reported Frequency
• No. of dept. • Measure
Training • Dept Safety • Monthly or training PPMs
Needs • Training is Report Quarterly quarterly for
Analysis • Dept to achievement
either
conducted & provide of targets
performed or • Dept Safety • Monthly
Structured documented documented and adjust if
it is not Report
Training TNA required
Assessment • % of OSH • Performed/ • Corporate • Quarterly
training • Training • Review
Required x Safety Report
undertaken records annually for
100 = % • HR Training • Quarterly
as per Report achievement
Training Plan of objective

Implement
• Monitor Monthly
• Measure Quarterly
• Review Annually

Figure 3 – Steps to Defining Positive Performance Measures

8 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
 ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI AUSTRALIA LIMITED

STEP Review where we have been vs b. Set your targets with time frames applied i.e.
1 100% employee compliance with designated
where we want to be
instruction and training by end of Q3 2004.
a. Review existing OHS information from:
• audit results of the OHSMS; STEP Determine how we are going to
4
• legislative changes; get there
• achievement of objectives and targets from a. Determine what OHS activities are required to
previous year; and achieve each objective and target within the
specified timeframe. These would normally be
• outstanding corrective actions and hazard
included in the sites OHS Management plan if
register imperatives to determine the
related to improvements to the OHSMS or in
continuing suitability, adequacy and
the Site/department Implementation or
effectiveness of the OHSMS.
Improvement Plan if related to specific issues.
These results will also impact on the
b. Determine what of these OHS activities
appropriateness of the OHS Policy and
require monitoring and measurement to assure
whether the results are in support of the
achievement of objective i.e. structured Manual
OHS Policy.
Handling training and follow-up assessments -
b. Revisit overall OSH goals and determine These are your Positive Performance Indicators.
deficits in OHSMS and any changes to NB some activities may not always require
OHS Policy. measurement - i.e. purchase of new lifting
equipment.
STEP Identify what needs to be done to
2
help us get there STEP Select types and number of ppms
5
a. Identify specific OHS Improvement Areas i.e. & create your ppm table
OHSMS documentation, hazard mitigation, a. Once the specific PPI/s have been determined
OHS training and/or OHSMS sub-elements for each objective, the management team or
that require process improvement, promotion consultative group needs to agree on the
or reinforcement (OSH for Supervision types and number of PPMs required to measure
training, Hazard Management training for key each PPI.
personnel, machine guarding, ventilation
Remember that a PPM is a totally numeric
enhancement, purchase new equipment etc).
measurement of an OHS activity. A PPM does
not ask the question, “has a training needs
STEP
3 Define the goal-posts analysis been performed?” but rather, “how
a. State your objective/s for improvement i.e. many are complete?”
employees are to receive relevant instruction and A working example of this process is located at
training to ensure procedural compliance and Appendix 3
equipment competence

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 6. Positive Performance Measures
1 OHS Policy

To enable the identification and selection of PPMs It is important for organisations to ensure that the
appropriate to the organisations development the PPMs selected relate closely to any OHS
AS/NZS 4801:2001 framework has been used to objectives set.
highlight PPI’s and PPMs for consideration.

This matrix is not intended to be an exhaustive list. Nor is it intended that

organisations should consider using all measures. Rather the use of PPMs
is much more effective is a limited number are chosen for use, with regular
review of the ongoing relevance of them being undertaken.

1. OHS Policy
1.1. Leadership and Management Commitment
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of supervision trained in OHS • Track training completed
for supervisors via departmental OHS
• % Managers attended OHS performance reports
• Monitor monthly
leadership training
• % Managers participation • Review records of safety
Management • Review quarterly
in audits meetings and audits
To demonstrate commitment as per OHSMP
• % of OHS training that is
Management to OHS review and
opened by a senior manager
Commitment to activities annually as per
• % of Safety meetings attended
OHS Activities identified in OHSMS Audit
by Senior Managers
OHS Plan • Number of meetings per month
where OHS is a standard
agenda item

• % Risk Assessments performed • Review the site/department • Monitor quarterly

on major/significant risks Hazard Register/Inventory Review annually

• OHS budget allocated based on

• Monitor
resource identification to
Ensure that all quarterly at
achieve Safety Management Plan • Review site/department
OHS activities Mgmt Meetings
Budgeting for • Dollar expenditure on specific OHSMP’s to ensure that
are defined,
OHS components of OHSMS per activities and risk controls
documented • Review annually
Activities quarter/year/100 employees have been appropriately
and adequately when reviewing
• Dollar expenditure (Total) of budgeted for
resourced the OHSMS
OHSMS per quarter/year/100
employees

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1.2. Safety & Health Policy

1 OHS Policy
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

NOTE: This indicator & measures would

not be used in annual targets or as KPIs
but are standards of best practice for
OHS performance. (Used in Auditing)
• Annual review performed
• Referenced and aligned to the
organisational OHSMS • Audit of the OHSMS
Policy is • Signed and dated by (internal and external) • Annual review by
Safe and known to all organisational management as management for
healthy culture employees primary stakeholders • Document control review effectiveness,
within and third • States its alignment to legislative identify areas for
organisation party stake controls • OHS Induction, Intranet improvement.
holders • Updated upon management and
legislative changes
• Updated upon significant
organisational development i.e.
processes, culture change
• Known to all employees and 3rd
party stakeholders

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 2. Planning
2.1. Planning for Hazard Management
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures) Site Level

• No. of departments that have • Ensure that all depart- • Monitor
determined their major risks & ments have creation of a monthly as per
logged them in a Hazard Register Hazard Register as a KPI department KPI’s
• No. of Risk Assessments • Departments to report as • Measure
conducted on hazards rated as per schedule on number of quarterly
To ensure that
high/extreme high/extreme ranked hazards • Review annually
all operational
2 Planning

that have been assessed from results of

hazards are Risk
• Hazard Register monitored • Report % of hazards revie- OHSMS Review
identified, Management
quarterly and reviewed annually wed on a quarterly basis
ranked and Process
appropriately
Output (Action Plan Measures) Corporate Level
managed
• Hazard Register is current for • Hazard Register is used as • Monitor
year (site or department) basis for site/dept OHSMP’s quarterly for
• No. of hazards with risk rating • Track inherent and assurance of
reduction post risk treatment residual risk ratings KPI’s
• % of hazards that have been • Report % ranked with • Review annually
prioritised for risk assessment schedule for assessment

• Track items from risk

assessments to completion
• Report % completed on • Annual
All operating
Risk • % of risk assessment completed monthly basis management
hazards
Management • % of control measures • Compilation of hazards update and
identified and
Processes implemented into hazard register review of hazard
managed
• Report % of hazards register
prioritised for risk
assessment

2.2. Objectives and Targets

• Review when
OHSMP are
created to ensure
Input (Activity Measures)
Action Plan
• No. of objectives that are
Objectives with format and
measurable with a time frame for
measurable alignment with
Safety completion (Can be at Corporate, • Review all
targets for OHS Safety Policy
Management site or department level) Corporate/Site/Dept
improvement • Monitor monthly,
Planning • No. of objectives that are in Safety Management Plans
have been measure
support of Safety Policy
determined quarterly and
(Can be at an organisational, site
review annually
or department level)
for achievement
against
objectives

12 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
2.3. Occupational Health & Safety Management Plans (OHSMP)
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• % of sites/departments that • Set determination of
have determined a OHSMP OHSMPs by a pre-
determined date as a KPI
• Report % of sites/
departments that have
• Management
determined a OHSMP
review when
• % of OHSMP activities • Report % of sites/
Safety
consistent with required action departments that have
Management
in Hazard Register included required action
Plans are created

2 Planning
from Hazard Register in
(calendar or
planned safety activities
financial year)
• No. of activities determined to • Review OHSMPs to ensure
OHS Activities Safety • Monitor progress
support the OHSMS that required scheduled
are planned Management monthly, measure
activities from the OHSMS
and systematic Plans achievement of
have been included
planned activities
quarterly
Output (Action Plan Measures)
• Review annually
• Number of Safety Activities in • Review site/department
for achievement
OHSMP that address major risks Hazard Registers & report
against
identified in Hazard Register on compliance
objectives
(Can be at an organisational,
site or department level)
• % of Risk Controls with • Track site/department
budgetary allocation budgets to ensure that
operational/capital costs
have been allocated for
Risk Controls

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 3. Implementation
3.1. Ensuring Capability - Accountability and Responsibility
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Statutory
Statutory Input (Activity Measures) • Quarterly
personnel are
personnel • % of statutory positions with • Log of Statutory positions management
familiarised with
awareness of OHS responsibilities included in with OHS responsibilities review and
their OHS
OHS duties job descriptions defined in job descriptions target gaps
responsibilities

Input (Activity Measures)

• % of key personnel positions • Log of job descriptions
with OHS responsibilities and with OHS responsibilities
accountabilities defined defined
• % of performance appraisals • Site/department annual
using: Performance Appraisals –
- OHS performance indicators record % that are measuring
as part of measuring total OHS performance and
performance within the report annually
• Quarterly
position
Personnel to management
- Demonstrated OHS
have OHS Employee review and
commitment from worksite
responsibilities awareness of target gaps
observations and
and OHS duties • Annual
participation in OHS activities
3 Implementation

accountabilities and Management

• % or number of position
defined, performance review and target
descriptions reviewed/assessed
documented measurement areas for
for OHS objectives
and understood improvement
Output (Action Plan Measures)
• No. of (or progress towards) • Site/department annual
health and safety targets Performance Appraisals –
defined in Performance record % achieved/received
Appraisals that have been met by department as a Lead
• % of positive feedback on OHS Indicator
performance from customers
(can be internal user
departments) and /or peers

Input (Activity Measure)

• No. of contracts where sub- • Review of contracts/tender • Monitor monthly
contractors periodic payments documentation for and measure
OHS reliant on meeting OHS contractor services quarterly with
Accountability targets/scorecard/positive • Ensure that monthly OHS Contract
Assurance of identified in performance on audit reporting requirements & Managers
contractor OHS Contractor KPI’s have been pre- • Review annually
Performance Tender/ determined post OHSMS
Contract • Report % Audit & when
documents completed/achieved formally
reviewing
contractor
performance

14 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
3.1. Ensuring Capability - Consultation, Motivation and Awareness
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of Toolbox meetings • Schedule for toolbox • Monitor monthly
scheduled and held meetings and record of • Measure quarterly
Involve meetings
Scheduled • Review annually
employees in • % of employees attending (per • Log of Employees attending
toolbox for achievement
regular tool box shift crew)
meetings of KPI and to
meetings • % of actions arising completed • Log of actions completed target areas for
from one meeting to the improvement
next

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of JSA/SOPs reviewed in • Review and track Toolbox • Monitor monthly
consultation with work group Meeting minutes for • Measure quarterly
Workplace OHS • No. of Toolbox meetings where standard agenda items of • Review annually
Consultation
issues changes to the work review of SOP/JSA & for achievement
on OHS
discussed with environment or process is changes to the work of KPI/results of
issues
the workforce discussed as a routine agenda environment OHSMS audit
item • Report % of Toolbox and target areas
Meetings where SOP/JSAs for improvement
are discussed

Input (Activity Measures) • Monitor monthly

Standard Work • % of JSA/SOP completed for • Register of critical activities • Measure quarterly

3 Implementation
Practises in critical activities defined for each department • Review annually
Use of JSAs
place for for achievement
and SOPs
critical • Number of JSA/SOP completed • Log of JSA/SOP completed of KPI and to
activities • Report on % completed target areas for
improvement

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• No. of Action Plan items • Conduct periodic standard-
outstanding from Safety ised surveys & track trends
Climate/Cultural Survey • Track action items from
• No. of corrective action items survey until completion
met from Safety • Report % completed on
Climate/Cultural Survey monthly basis • Monitor monthly
Workforce
• % of workers rating manager • Publicise results to • Measure
perceive safety
commitment to OHS as workforce and discuss at quarterly
management on
Health and high or % of high ratings from Toolbox meeting • Review annually
site to be
Safety Culture overall findings for achievement
proactively and
• No. of Toolbox meetings where • Record % of Toolbox of KPI and to
responsively
changes to the work meetings where changes target areas for
managed
environment/plant/equipment are discussed improvement
materials is discussed
• Log of corrective actions
(Corrective Actions Register)
• % of issues raised at Toolbox • Track close out of
meetings that are actioned corrective actions &
within agreed time frame publicise within department

Input (Activity Measures)

• Meeting quarterly/annual OHS • Targets set at workgroup or • Monitor monthly
targets set at a workgroup or department level are • Measure achieve-
Increase/ department level recorded ment quarterly
improve profile OHS Incentive • % or number of OHS Improve- • Departments/workgroups • Review annually
of safety Programme ments by workgroup/ to report achievement of for achievement
management department rewarded targets monthly of KPI and to
• Track OHS improvements target areas for
and report recognition of improvement
these events

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 15
 3.1. Ensuring Capability - Training and Competence
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of Training Needs Analysis • Review department training • Monitor monthly
(TNA) conducted and records for currency and • Measure
documented (department, work completeness achievement
group, section, individual level) quarterly
• No. of training elements • Track and report training • Review annually
undertaken by employees in completed as per Training for achievement
alignment with the TNA Plan of KPI and to
• % of OHS Training undertaken target areas for
as per Training Plan (includes improvement
Safety Representative Training) • Review annually
• No. of employees attending post OHSMS
specific training courses per audit to ensure
month/quarter/year that courses are
• No. of OHS training courses • Review training evaluation relevant and
assessed for effectiveness and forms for feedback effective
appropriateness • Project specific –
Process (Focus Measures) monitor monthly
• % of personnel who have • Cross reference training and measure
received Manual Handling records to injury quarterly post
Training and have not incurred a experience (injury type) training
musculoskeletal injury intervention
• % of personnel who have • Cross reference training
received Work Permit Training records to Incident reports
and have not been involved in a
3 Implementation

Employees to Work Permit non-compliance

receive relevant • No. of substandard behaviours • Cross reference training
Structured
instruction and identified/ assessed by records to Safe Behaviour
training and
training to personnel who have received Observation reports
assessment
ensure training in specific safe work
competence practice i.e. PPE compliance
• % of success rate of group
performing chosen behaviours
following training
Output (Action Plan Measures)
• % of employee competencies • Track and report training • Monitor monthly
achieved as per TNA completed as per Training • Measure
• % of workers that have Plan achievement
completed Induction Training quarterly
(general and site specific) • Review annually
• % of Supervision with First Aid for achievement
training of KPI and to
• % of management and target areas for
supervisors/leading improvement
hands/forepersons that have • Measure
received OHS Training i.e. quarterly
• OHS for Supervisors • Review annually
• Hazard Management/Risk post OHSMS
Assessment audit
• Incident investigation
• First aid
• Work Permit
• Gas Testing
• % of OHS Training courses • Review training elavation
rated satisfactory or higher for forms for feed back
effectiveness and appropriateness

Output (Action Plan Measures) • Monitor monthly

• Scheduled training completed • Review Training Plan and • Measure achieve-
records of completion ment quarterly
Safe and Structured
• Report % of training • Review annually
competent training and
completed as per plan for achievement
employees assessment
• % of incidents with training • Analysis of incident reports of KPI and to
identified as major contributor for major contributing target areas for
factors improvement

16 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
3.2. Support Action - Communication
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• Documented communication to
the workforce i.e.
- % of Toolbox meetings that • Review department/ • Monitor monthly
have documented minutes workgroup Toolbox • Measure achieve-
Meeting Minute records ment quarterly
- % of Toolbox minutes posted • Interview safety • Review annually
within 3 days of meeting representatives or track for achievement
date of minutes received of KPI and to
- No. of Safety Toolbox • Schedule for Toolbox target areas for
meetings held as per OHSMP Meetings/record of meetings improvement
- No. of safety alerts/bulletins • Track records
issued per quarter/year
- No. of Pre-Start meetings • Interview employees/Safety
held per month/quarter Reps
• % of OHS committee meetings • Schedule for meetings/
held as per plan record of meetings
• % of plant with operating • Check Plant/Quality
instructions Registers
• % of operating instructions that • Check document control
have been reviewed in last year system or report % of
compliance
Process (Focus Measures)
• % of line managers who • Review attendees at

3 Implementation
participate in Toolbox Meetings Toolbox Meetings recorded • Monitor monthly
on minutes • Measure achieve-
• % of Safety Alerts that are • Report % communicated at ment quarterly
communicated to the workforce Toolbox Meetings to alerts • Review annually
raised for achievement
of KPI and to
target areas for
OHS issues are Formal
improvement
communicated Communication
• % of departments that review • Report % communicated at
systematically Processes
the Safety Climate Survey results Toolbox Meeting as agenda • Monitor monthly
• % of Toolbox meetings where items on minutes • Measure achieve-
incidents and hazards are ment quarterly
routinely discussed • Review annually
• % of Toolbox meetings where • Interview employees for achievement
changes to the work environment of KPI and to
(plant/equipment/process/mate target areas for
rials) are discussed improvement
• % of OHS dedicated notice-
boards that are updated monthly
• % of formal OHS • Review records
communications signed off as
sighted by employees

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of employees attending OHS • Toolbox Meeting Minutes • Monitor monthly
Toolbox meeting list of attendees vs staff • Measure achieve-
numbers ment quarterly
• % of departments who record • Review of department • Review annually
employee communications from Toolbox Meeting Minutes for achievement
the organisation i.e. of KPI and to
- Safety Alert target areas for
- Changes to plant and improvement
equipment
- Changes to the work
environment
- Change in process
- Change in site rule
- Cited Toolbox minutes
- Change in Safe Work Practice
or Safe Operating Procedure

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 17
 3.2. Support Action - Reporting
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of Toolbox meetings where • Track pre-determined • Monitor monthly
prompt incident reporting is Toolbox topics & minutes • Measure
discussed of Toolbox Meetings achievement
• No. of personnel who attend • Log of Induction Training quarterly
OHS induction where Incident/ Acknowledgement form • Review annually
Hazard Reporting is discussed • Review of Induction script for achievement
• No. of hazards reported per • Track Hazard Reports by of KPI and to
department/workgroup per department/workgroup & target areas for
month publicise improvement
• No. of Safe Work Practices • Record number of ‘safe’
(Observations) reported per SWP/ Observation Reports,
department/workgroup per compile and report by
month/quarter department/workgroup &
publicise

OHS Process (Focus Measures)

Reporting Reporting • % of incidents incurred after a • Review of Incident Report
requirements of (Incident, hazard has been reported and log and Hazard Report log
OHS issues is Hazard, Safety there was no action Interview area Safety Reps
known and Performance) • No. of repeat incidents
understood – internal &
external Output (Action Plan Measures)
• % of incidents reported on the • Review of Incident Reports • Monitor monthly
3 Implementation

same day as event (Timeliness against day of event • Measure

to notify incidents) (company standard for achievement
reporting severity of events) quarterly
• % of Incident Reports completed • Track Incident report • Review annually
and received by supervisor against incident type and for achievement
within 24 hours of event report of KPI and to
• % of departments that report target areas for
safety performance statistics improvement
within 3 days of end of
month/quarter
• No. of near misses reported per
month/quarter/year
• No. of first aid/MTC/
RWC/LTI/OIL injuries reported
per month/quarter/year

3.2. Support Action - Documentation to Support the OHSMS

Input (Activity Measures)
• % of SOP written per • Departments to report
month/quarter/year number written per pre-
• % of SOP revised per defined time period
month/quarter/year • Review Register of Critical
• Monitor monthly
• No. of Safe Work Practices Activities (SOP Register)
• Measure
written per month/quarter/year • Log of SOP/SWP/JSAs
achievement
• No. of Safe Work Practices completed
All documents quarterly
revised per month/quarter/year
are in place to • Review annually
Supporting • % of JSAs written per
support the for achievement
OHS month/quarter/year
safety of KPI and to
Documentation • % of JSAs revised per
management target areas for
month/quarter/year
system improvement
• % of Safety Critical Procedures • Log of Safety Critical
• Monitor monthly
(OHS Standards) written per Procedures (OHS
month/quarter/year Standards) completed
• % of Safety Critical Procedures • Review Document Control
(OHS Standards) revised per System
month/quarter/year • Report on % reviewed
• No. of Work Permits written per • Track log of Work Permits
month/quarter/year and report

18 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
3.2. Support Action - Documentation to Support the OHSMS
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Process (Focus Measures)

• Measure achieve-
All documents • % of Work Permits written per • Track Maintenance Reports,
ment quarterly
are in place to month/quarter/year against Purchase Orders and Log of
Supporting • Review annually
support the known work conducted on site Work Permits
OHS for achievement
safety Output (Action Plan Measures)
Documentation of KPI and to
management • No. of jobs performed in permit • Interrogate Incident reports
target areas for
system to work environments without for Work permit non-
improvement
permit to work issued compliances

3.3. Hazard Management - Hazard ID, Risk Assessment and Control

To ensure a • Monitor monthly
consistent • Measure achieve-
approach to Hazard • % of hazard investigation • Investigation reports with ment quarterly
the reporting and reports completed on time completion dates • Review annually
identification, investigation for achievement
assessment and process • % of corrective actions • Log of corrective actions of KPI and to
control of implemented • Report outstanding items target areas for
hazards improvement

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of job observations • Record number/% of

3 Implementation
conducted per week/month/year Observation Reports,
• % of job observations performed compile and report
per week/month/year weekly/monthly
• No. of risk assessment • Record number completed
performed per week/month/year and report
• No. of risks identified per
week/month/year
• No. of written/revised JSAs/JHAs • Review schedule of JSA’s,
conducted per week/month/year HRA, SOP, Hazobs and
• No. of HRA, SOP, Hazobs workplace inspections
conducted per week/month/year
• No. of site inspections
completed per week/month/year • Monitor monthly
Demonstrate a
• No. of hazard inspections • Measure
consistent
completed per week/month/year achievement
approach to
• No. of housekeeping inspections quarterly
identification
Purchasing performed per week/month/year • Review annually
and assessment
Controls • % or the number of first aid • Analyse incident reports for for achievement
of risk prior to
injuries investigated to the injury severity of KPI and to
purchase of
number reported per target areas for
materials, plant
week/month/year improvement
and equipment
• % or the number of medical
treatment injuries investigated
to the number reported per
week/month/year
• % or the number of lost time • Compare number of
injuries investigated to the number incident reports to number
reported per week/month/year of corresponding
investigations completed
and report accordingly
• % of outstanding investigations • Review incident reports
per number of incidents occurring with completion dates
• Track completed actions
• Report outstanding
investigations

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 19
 3.3. Hazard Management - Hazard ID, Risk Assessment and Control
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Process (Focus Measures)

• % of injuries incurred from • Review Hazard Register for • Monitor monthly
identified “major” hazards identified Major Hazards • Measure achieve-
following risk assessment and with controls implemented ment quarterly
application of control measures and compare to Incident • Review annually
• No. of implemented and failed reports for achievement
risk control measures of KPI and to
• No. of recurring incidents where target areas for
control measures have been improvement
applied

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of major hazards controlled • Monthly report from • Monitor monthly
with documented risk assessment departments of progress • Measure achieve-
and control measures • Review department Hazard ment quarterly
• No. of high & extreme hazards Registers • Review annually
that have had risk assessment • Review Toolbox Meeting for achievement
and control measures determined Minutes of KPI and to
To ensure a • No. of risk assessment • Log of corrective actions target areas for
consistent corrective actions closed out track completed actions improvement
approach to • No. of equipment maintenance and report
Hazard programs and schedules
the
Management performed according to
identification,
3 Implementation

Processes designated schedule

assessment and
control of • No. of inspections performed to • Signage specific workplace
hazards determine correct and inspections records
appropriately erected signage
• % of compliance with Approved • Records of inspection
Chemicals Program findings
• % of MSDSs available for • Conduct audit of chemical
chemicals stored on site management on site
(Hazardous Substances
and DG’s)
Measuring Workplace Precautions
• % of demonstrated use of • Monitor monthly
hierarchy of control in • Log of Risk Assessment • Measure achieve-
determination of hazard control records ment quarterly
measures • Track completed reports • Review annually
• Elimination for evidence of application for achievement
• Substitution of ALARP measures of KPI and to
• Engineering • Report at regular intervals target areas for
• Administrative if improvement in improvement
• PPE application of ALARP is
required

20 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
3.3. Hazard Management - Purchasing Goods, Services & Equipment
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• % of major purchases made with • Review log of purchase
OHS risk assessment performed orders or capital requests
• Track risk assessments
completed
• % of employee participation • Check Toolbox Meeting
(including contractors) in Minutes, Project Action
equipment review and purchase Team or SQUAD meeting
minutes for verification of
key personnel consultation
Process (Focus Measures)
• % of injury occurring and/or • Review monitoring
recurring using plant/equipment documentation for efficacy
purchased following OHS of control measures
assessment
• % of chemicals assessed • Review and track Hazardous
Substances Register • Monitor monthly
Demonstrate a
• % of risk assessments • Review Risk assessments • Measure
consistent
performed prior to new log against purchases of achievement
approach to
equipment being introduced new equipment quarterly
identification
Purchasing into the workplace • Review annually
and assessment
Controls for achievement
of risk prior to
Output (Action Plan Measures) of KPI and to

3 Implementation
purchase of
• % of service contracts with OHS • Conduct audit of Service target areas for
materials, plant
clauses Contracts improvement
and equipment
• % of newly purchased plant/ • Interrogate maintenance
equipment being entered into database against records of
preventative maintenance plan purchases
• % of equipment meeting OHS • Conduct an equipment
Standards and requirements audit & report
• No. of OHS requirements • Conduct specific
defined in the purchasing policy Purchasing Control audit or
of principal employer review document
• No. of OHS requirements • Review purchase
defined in the purchasing policy specifications forms,
of contractors Project Action Team
• % of reference to OHS meeting minutes
guidelines when purchasing new
equipment and items
• % of chemicals assessed prior to • Review hazardous
being brought on site substances register &
report

3.3. Hazard Management - Design, Fabrication, Installation & Commissioning

Input (Activity Measures)
Demonstrate a
• % of departments that • Log of risk assessments
consistent
systematically apply risk • Track % that have been • Monitor monthly
approach to Controls for
assessment prior to the design, prepared and/or reviewed • Measure
identification the design,
fabrication, installation or for these activities achievement
and assessment fabrication,
commissioning of equipment quarterly
of risk prior to installation
• % of risk assessments that have • Review annually
Design, and
been included in the design & for achievement
Fabrication, commissionin
fabrication process of KPI and to
Installation & g of plant and
• % of risk assessments that have target areas for
Commissioning equipment
been reviewed during the improvement
of plant and
installation & commissioning
equipment
phase

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 21
 3.3. Hazard Management - Design, Fabrication, Installation & Commissioning
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Process (Focus Measures)

• % of injury occurring after • Review equipment &/or
plant/equipment has been maintenance records for
installed but has not had a risk new plant and equipment
assessment and cross reference with
Injury log
Demonstrate a • No. of new risks introduced • Review equipment/mainte-
consistent from newly installed plant and nance records and check
equipment that requires plant plant change required on • Monitor monthly
approach to Controls for
change newly installed plant • Measure
identification the design,
• Track risk assessment achievement
and assessment fabrication,
records quarterly
of risk prior to installation
Output (Action Plan Measures) • Review annually
Design, and
for achievement
Fabrication, commissionin • % of risk assessments • Check project and
conducted during the maintenance records of KPI and to
Installation & g of plant and
design/fabrication phase against incident and non- target areas for
Commissioning equipment
• % of risk assessment reviewed compliance log improvement
of plant and
equipment during the commissioning phase
• % of projects where there has
been nil incidents/non-complian-
ces reported related to design
• No. of operational instructions • Check log of operational
documented post installation of instructions
3 Implementation

plant & equipment

3.3. Hazard Management - Management of Change

Input (Activity Measures)
• No. of pre-start meetings where • Log of pre-start meetings • Monitor monthly
changes to workplace are • Interview OHS rep or • Measure
discussed employees achievement
• No. of departments where • Check Log of Minutes from quarterly
supervisors meet weekly to supervisors/dept meetings • Review annually
discuss operational change • Review log of Toolbox for achievement
• No. of Toolbox meetings where Meeting Minutes of KPI and to
workplace change is routinely • Self report from target areas for
discussed departments/check log of improvement
• No. of departments who shift handover reports/
maintain shift handover reports interview SHRS
• No. of departments where there • Interview supervisors/
is a formal handover between operators
All changes to shifts/shift swings • Check log of handover
the workplace reports
is known, • No. of departments that involve • Interview SHRS
Change
assessed and the area SHR in changes to the • Review attendees on
Processes
controlled prior workplace Project action
to Team/SQUAD minutes
implementation • Review participants on risk
assessments
Output (Action Plan Measures) • Monitor monthly
• % of departments that hold • Log of pre-start meetings • Measure
pre-start meetings • Review log of Toolbox achievement
• % of departments where changes Meeting Minutes quarterly
to the workplace is routinely • Self report from • Review annually
discussed at Toolbox meetings departments/check log of for achievement
• % of departments that maintain shift handover reports/ of KPI and to
shift/shift-swing handover reports interview SHRs target areas for
• % of departments who conduct • Interview supervisors/SHRs improvement
formal handover • Interview SHRs, review
• % of SHRs that are involved in Project Team minutes for
changes to the workplace participation

22 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
3.3. Hazard Management - Contractor Management
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Pre-qualification
Output (Action Plan Measures)
• No. of ‘major contract’ • Track tender pre- • Measure
contractors (based upon qualification records quarterly
number of employees, contract • Review annually
$ size or permanency) who have with target areas
met full prequalification status for improvement
• No. of minor contractors (based • Track contractor OHS
upon number of employees, records
contract $ size or permanency)
who have met prequalification
with demonstrated insurance,
indemnity and Workers
Compensation insurances
Post-qualification
Input (Activity Measures)
• No. of contractors that have • Review contractor Hazard • Monitor monthly
determined their major risks Register • Measure
• No. of risk assessments • Review contractor risk achievement
conducted on Hazards rated as assessments and Hazard quarterly
high/extreme Register • Review annually
• Hazard register is current and for achievement
monitored quarterly and of KPI and to

3 Implementation
reviewed annually target areas for
• No. of risk assessments performed improvement
on new plant/processes and
All contractors
prioritised with control measures
have an
• No. of outstanding control
effective and Management
measures resulting from risk
compatible of
assessments
OHS Contractors
• No. of incident investigations • Check Incident Log and • Monitor monthly
Management
performed and prioritised with Investigation Action Plan • Measure
system
control measures achievement
• No. of outstanding control • Review Incident quarterly
measures resulting from incident Investigation Reports/ • Review annually
investigations Database/ Corrective for achievement
Actions Register of KPI and to
• % of contractors represented on • Review participants of site target areas for
site OHS committee OHS committee improvement
• % of key contract personnel • Check contractor OHSMS
positions with OHS documents &/or role
responsibilities and descriptions
accountabilities defined
• % of safety meetings attended • Review safety meeting
by Senior Managers minutes for participants
• No. of meetings per month where • Interview SHRs or
OHS is a standard agenda item employees
• % of safety meeting • Check OHS Noticeboards
minutes/bulletins and alerts that
are communicated to employees
within 3 days of issue
• % of OHS competencies • Review Contractor OHS
acquired as per Contractor Training Needs matrix and
Training Plan (includes SHRs , training records
OHS for supervisors)
• No. of emergency • Review monthly OHS
response/emergency evacuation reporting by contractor;
drills performed per annum check contractor OHSMP

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 23
 3.3. Hazard Management - Contractor Management
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Process (Focus Measures)

• % of personnel who have • Track OHS training against • Monitor monthly
received Manual Handling Incident log • Measure
Training and have not incurred a achievement
musculoskeletal injury quarterly
• No. of substandard behaviours • Track behaviour observation • Review annually
identified/ assessed by records against specific for achievement
personnel who have received training records of KPI and to
training in specific safe work target areas for
practice i.e. PPE compliance improvement
• % of incidents incurred after a • Review Hazard Report Log
hazard has been reported and against Incident Report log
there was no action
• No. of repeat incidents • Review Incident Report Log
Output (Action Plan Measures)
• No. of contractors who are • Contractor meeting • Monitor monthly
aware of the OHS requirements minutes • Measure
of the principal • Interview contractor/ achievement
contract holder quarterly
• % of key personnel positions • Review role descriptions • Review annually
with OHS Competencies, for achievement
Responsibilities and of KPI and to
Accountabilities defined target areas for
3 Implementation

All contractors • Meeting quarterly/annual OHS • Monthly OHS report improvement

have an targets set at a workgroup or against targets set in • Review annually
effective and Management department level OHSMP for achievement
compatible of • No. of Start-up and Toolbox • Contractor Start up and of KPI and to
OHS Contractors meetings where changes to the Toolbox Meeting Minutes target areas for
Management work • Track Action Items from improvement
system environment/plant/equipment minutes and report %
materials is discussed completed periodically
• % of issues raised at Toolbox • Register of Critical
meetings that are actioned Activities
within agreed time frame
• No. of JSAs/SOPs/JHAs and • Log of JSA/SOPs completed
Safe Work Practises written and • Report on % complete
revised per week/quarter/year
• % of incidents reported on the • % reported within 24 hours
same day as event (Timeliness or as per company
to notify incidents) standard
• % of Incident Reports • % completed within 24
completed and received by hours or as per company
supervisor within 24 hours of standard
event
• No. of near misses reported per • Analyse Incident Report
month/quarter/year Log
• No. of first aid injuries reported
per month/quarter/year
• % of contractors that report • % received within 3 day
safety performance statistics to timeframe
the principal within 3 days of
end of month/quarter

24 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
3.4. Emergency Preparedness and Response- Emergency Response
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of workplace emergency • Track emergency exercises • Monitor monthly
evacuation exercises performed completed • Measure
• No. of personnel trained in • Review Training Matrix and achievement
emergency response and records quarterly
coordination • Review annually
• No. of employees and contractors • Organise Fire for achievement
involved in emergency Wardens/Emergency of KPI and to
response/evacuation drills Control Personnel to target areas for
perform number count improvement
• No. of emergency response • Track emergency response
exercises completed exercises
• % of departments who have • Review department
performed threat analysis Emergency Risk Assessment
& report % complete
• % of departmental threat • Review department
analysis completed and compiled Emergency Response Plan
into site emergency plan & report % complete
• % of emergency response plans • Review document review
reviewed upon introduction of schedule
hazardous new • Cross reference against
material/processes/plant Toolbox minutes
• % of input into site Emergency • Review external service

3 Implementation
Response plan from external providers listed in plan
service providers (i.e. FESA,
RFDS, Hospital, Police, Dept.
Environmental Protection/
To minimise the Emergency Dangerous Goods)
impact of an Preparedness
unplanned and Response Output (Action Plan Measures)
event Action • % of personnel trained in • Review Training Matrix and • Monitor monthly
emergency response and department Threat Analysis • Measure
coordination appropriate to achievement
departmental/site risk quarterly
• % of supervisors trained in • Review department Training • Review annually
emergency response coordination Matrix for achievement
• % of action items closed out • Track action items from of KPI and to
within allocated timeframe follow- debrief until completion target areas for
ing emergency response debrief improvement
• No. of personnel trained in • Review Training Matrix
public/media response against training records for
• No. of personnel trained in Critical emergency personnel/CIRP
Incident Recovery Planning Team
• % of emergency equipment • Review emergency equip-
included in a maintenance ment maintenance records
program (daily/weekly/monthly/ & report % included
quarterly/annual)
• % of personnel allocated to • Track number of emergency
conduct maintenance on response personnel with
emergency equipment allocated duties for
maintenance
• No. of emergency systems • Review emergency
tested for compliance and equipment maintenance
effectiveness (Fire system, Fall records & report number
arrest equipment, SCBA, Water included for testing
Hydrants, Site Alarms, PA
system) daily/weekly/monthly/
quarterly/ annually

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 25
 3.4. Emergency Preparedness and Response- Injury Management
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of personnel trained in • Review training records for • Monitor monthly
Senior first aid/Occ first nominated emergency • Measure
aid/Oxyviva/stretcher personnel achievement
bearer/Penthrane quarterly
• No. of supervisors trained in • Review supervisors training • Review annually
Senior first aid records for achievement
• No. of Basic Life Support • Review training plan of KPI and to
courses offered to site target areas for
• No. of inspections performed on • Review maintenance improvement
first aid equipment schedule for emergency
equipment
• No. of first aid treatments
• No. of medical treatment • Analyse incident log &
cases/restricted work cases/LTI report

Process (Focus Measures)

• % of personnel who have • Analyse rehabilitation • Monitor monthly
participated in rehabilitation records and incident log • Measure
program that have returned to achievement
work within 5 days of LTI quarterly
• % of injuries where prompt first • Analyse Incident Report log • Review annually
An effective aid was received and did not for date & time of injury & for achievement
3 Implementation

Injury progress to medical treatment date/time of 1st aid treat- of KPI and to
Management case or worse ment against injury severity target areas for
Injury
system that • % of injuries where alternative • Review rehabilitation improvement
Management
promotes duties have been made available records and incident log
Activities and
prompt 1st aid, that has not progressed to a LTI
Actions
rehabilitation • % of workers compensation • Review Case Management
and early return premium reduction as a result of Meeting minutes, WC
to work proactive Injury management premium estimations &
rehabilitation records
• % of injuries where injury level • Review Incident log,
minimised by specialised Occ. personal health file and
Health personnel intervention rehabilitation records
(Nurse, Physio, Occ. Physician,
rehabilitation provider)

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of employees rehabilitated of • Review of incident and • Monitor monthly
total injuries incurred rehabilitation records • Measure
• Time taken to return injured • Review Rehabilitation Plan achievement
employee to the workplace quarterly
• % of employees attending offered • Training records • Review annually
Basic Life Support courses for achievement
• % of budget allocated to first • Review budget for first aid of KPI and to
aid resourcing costs target areas for
• % of employees attending EAP • Review EAP data improvement
• % of personnel booked for CIRP • Review Training Matrix for
training that have attended emergency personnel and
training (quarter/annual) training received
• % of supervisors that have • Review training records
attended rehabilitation briefing

26 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
4. Measurement & Evaluation
4.1. Monitoring the Safety Management System
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures) • Measure

• No. of OHSMP outstanding • Review site and department quarterly and
items reviewed and addressed OHSMP review annually
quarterly for improvement
• No. of OHSMP Action items • Track Action items and • Monitor monthly
completed within allocated report number completed • Measure
target within timeframe achievement
• No. of Safety Meetings where • Review Safety Meeting quarterly
OHSMP Action items are reviewed minutes • Review annually
• No. of SOP’s to be reviewed • Review Critical Jobs & for achievement
report number reviewed of KPI and to
• No. of SOP’s to be • Review Critical Job Register target areas for
determined/department and report number improvement
• No. of JSAs to be conducted outstanding
• % of training completed as per • Review Training Matrix and
plan compare to Training
received as per plan
Process (Focus Measures)
• % of key personnel that have • Review training records • Monitor monthly
attended training in Introduction • Measure
to the OHSMS achievement
• % of employees failing Fitness • Analyse drug and alcohol quarterly
for Work programs testing records • Review annually
• Safety climate results • Analyse results and report for achievement
• No. of departments that have • Review department of KPI and to
set objectives for OHS OHSMPs and Hazard target areas for
improvement based on Registers improvement
department specific risks
• No. of departments that have • Review department specific
determined their Hazard Register Hazard Registers
The Safety
Monitoring of
Management
the Safety Output (Action Plan Measures)
System is
Management • % of improvements to the • Review all OHSMPs & • Monitor monthly
monitored and
System OHSMS report on % of • Measure
measured
improvements implemented achievement
• % of results that are above or • Analyse all OHSMPs and quarterly
below target report achievement against • Review annually

4 &
targets for achievement
• % of OHSMP Action Items • Track Action Items from of KPI and to
completed per department OHSMPs and report target areas for
completion improvement
Measurement
Evaluation
• % of employees participating in • Track employees
wellness programs participation and/or review
Wellness program evaluation
• % of Departments that review • Self report by department
their OHSMP quarterly or review their Safety
meeting minutes
• % of Departments that report • Track monthly reporting &
OHS KPIs within 3 days of end report % received within
of month timeframe

LAG Indicators
A qualitative indicator that can be • Analyse Incident Report log
counted or measured and is and Workers’
described numerically i.e. Compensation reports
• Fatalities
• LTIFR
• First aid cases
• Notifiable dangerous occurrence
rate
• Environmental incidents
• Non injury incident (near miss)
• Compensable injury rates
• Workers compensation claims

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 27
 4.2. Inspection Testing and Monitoring
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of workplace inspections • Review inspection records • Monitor monthly
completed & department OHSMP for • Measure
• No. of planned inspections of inspections scheduled achievement
classified plant completed against number completed quarterly
• No. of personnel who are comp- • Review Training Matrix and • Review annually
etent to perform inspection and training records for achievement
testing of plant & equipment of KPI and to
• No. of lighting/noise/radiation • Review department target areas for
surveys to be conducted OHSMPs improvement
• No. of departments that have
identified their electrical safety
testing requirements
• No. of potable water samples to • Track CONTAM targets
be taken
• No. of personnel for biological
monitoring
• No. of departments/sections • Interrogate Preventive
that have a preventative Maintenance
maintenance program in place Database/records
• Monitor monthly
for equipment and/or machinery
• Measure
• No. of departments that have • Review department Health
identified Health Monitoring Risk Assessment achievement
All hazards quarterly
Inspection requirements
including • No. of Workplace Inspection • Review workplace • Review annually
Testing and
mechanical, Checklists determined that are inspection checklists for achievement
Monitoring of
environmental, department specific against know hazards of KPI and to
plant,
personal and • No. of employees identified for • Track CONTAM targets target areas for
personnel &
biological) are periodic health monitoring improvement
the
monitored and relevant to exposures
environment
measured • No. of atmospheric sampling to
be performed
• No. of environmental monitoring • Track environmental
strategies to be implemented monitoring targets
• No. of personnel identified for • Track Health Risk
biological monitoring relevant to Assessments CONTAM
exposures targets
4 &

Process (Focus Measures)

Measurement

• No. of fire/ignition events on • Track incidents and analyse

equipment following non- investigation for causal • Monitor monthly
Evaluation

compliance with maintenance factors • Measure

schedule • Track incidents and report achievement
• No. of failures of ventilation quarterly
system • Review annually
• No. of fall/unstable ground for achievement
incidents of KPI and to
• No. of diesel exhaust exposures target areas for
(CO) improvement
• No. of potable water
contaminations
• No. of food poisoning incidences
• No. of isolation deviations

28 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
4.2. Inspection Testing and Monitoring
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of line supervision trained in • Track training records
Introduction to the OHSMS
• No. of employees who have had • Track Human resource
a Pre-placement Health records/medical records
Assessment prior to offer of
employment
• % of workplace inspections • Track safety management
completed as per target plan targets against %
completed
• % of departments that have • Track Health Risk
completed Biological Monitoring Assessment/CONTAM
requirements targets & % completed
• % of atmospheric sampling
performed against target
• % of exposures exceeding AS • Determine exposure
standards i.e. noise, gases, dusts standards and track
(monthly, quarterly, annually) exceedances • Monitor monthly
All hazards
Inspection • No. of departments meeting • Track safety management • Measure
including
Testing and CONTAM quota plan targets against % achievement
mechanical,
Monitoring of completed quarterly
environmental,
plant, • % of fleet vehicles that have • Review maintenance • Review annually
personal and
personnel & received planned maintenance records/database & report for achievement
biological) are
the completion of KPI and to
monitored and
environment • % of critical safety equipment • Review maintenance target areas for
measured
(ESDs, sprinkler systems, alarms records on emergency improvement
etc) that have received equipment
maintenance as planned
• % of equipment/machine • Interrogate plant change
guarding retrofitted records & report %
• No. of fire extinguishers in • Review fire risk survey and
workplace according to risk cross reference against fire
equipment location map
• % of positive isolators • Review all plant drawings or
physically inspect plant &
determine % present
• No. of equipment failures • Interrogate maintenance
occurring records & report number of

4 &
failures
• Cost of equipment failures • Interrogate Loss Control
records, Maintenance costs

Measurement
and Quality Incident Log for
down time due to failures
Evaluation

4.3. Audits of the Safety Management System

Input (Activity Measures)
• No. of Audits to be performed • Review Audit Schedule • Monitor monthly
(OHSMS audits, discrete (part of OHSMP) & report • Measure
OHSMS element audits, external number completed achievement
audit of the OHSMS, dangerous quarterly
goods audits, Hazardous • Review annually
Evaluate the Substances audits etc) for achievement
Health & Safety • No. of Safe Behaviours • Review Observation of KPI and to
Management identified per week/month/year Reports & report number target areas for
Safety
System for of safe behaviours improvement
Management
deficiencies and • No. of Safe Behaviours to be • Review OHSMP targets
non- reviewed/assessed/agreed per (department and site)
compliances week/month/year
• No. of supervisors/SHRs for • Review Training Matrix
training in OHS Auditing
• No. of employees used as • Review training records
Safety Sampler per
week/month/quarter/year

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 29
 4.3. Audits of the Safety Management System
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Process (Focus Measures)

• % of key personnel who have • Review training records • Monitor monthly
completed training in Systems • Review training records and • Measure
Auditing and/or behaviour internal audit records for achievement
auditing participants quarterly
• % of SHRs participating in • Interview SHRs • Review annually
internal system element audits • Review scores & report for achievement
• % of department that have of KPI and to
received above compliance/ target areas for
below compliance/best practice improvement
audit results
• % increase in success rate per • Interrogate Observation
week/month/quarter/year for a records for specific focus
specific focus standard item & report success
behaviour
• Employee Perception Survey • Summarise results and
results (numbers participating; report key
positive/negative scores etc) trends/significant results
• No. of OHS standards/ • Interrogate Critical Work
Procedures written following last Registers and report number
external OHSMS audit written during period
• No. of Internal and 3rd party • Review Audit schedule &
OHS audits performed report
• No. of job observations • Review job observation
Evaluate the performed schedule and report
Health & Safety • % of personnel who have • Review training records
Management attended Hazard Identification
Safety
System for Training
Management
deficiencies and • Interrogate Induction
• % of visitors who have been
non- records for personnel type
compliances inducted
• % of Contractors/Sub • Review total number of
Contractor participating in contractors to number of
audits contractors involved with
audits (check audit
participants)
Output (Action Plan Measures)
4 &

• No., regularity, quality and • Review audit results and • Monitor monthly
outcomes of self assessments records (internal and • Measure
external)
Measurement

conducted (audits) achievement

• No, regularity, quality and quarterly
Evaluation

outcomes of independent • Review annually

assessments conducted (3rd for achievement
party audits) of KPI and to
• No. of sub-standard conditions target areas for
identified as a result of safety improvement
audits
• % of action items from audits • Track action items from
that have been closed out audit and report %
completed
• % of departments that have • Check department Toolbox
determined Action Items Meeting minutes and
following results of Climate Management Team minutes
Survey for determination of Action
Items

30 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
4.4. Corrective and Preventive Action
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of Safety Meetings where • Review Safety Meeting
outstanding corrective actions Minutes & report
are discussed
• No. of safety activities where • Review all safety activities
corrective actions are recorded (all meetings, risk
in an Action Plan format with assessments, hazard/incident
timeframes and responsibilities investigation, audits,
assigned inspections, monitoring etc)
for compliance & report
• No. of closed out corrective • Track corrective actions &
All results from
actions in agreed time frame report compliance
Inspection, • Monitor monthly
Incident, • Measure
Process (Focus Measures)
Hazard and achievement
Corrective • % of corrective actions reviewed • Check department and/or
Audit reports quarterly
Actions • % of departments that review site Safety minutes for
are investigated • Review annually
Register corrective actions for trends analysis of corrective actions
and corrected for achievement
• No. of corrected action items • Track outstanding
to prevent of KPI and to
closed out as a result of safety corrective actions
further target areas for
audits
occurrence improvement
• No of incidents incurred whilst • Track new incidents against
corrective action outstanding corrective actions registers

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of corrective actions • Track corrective actions &
outstanding report % outstanding
• Time taken to carry out • Track time between
corrective items once identified corrective action
registration and close out;
average and report against
risk rating

4 &
Measurement
Evaluation

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 31
 4.5. Incident Investigation
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of incident investigations • Track incident investigation
conducted within 3 days of event reports
• No. of Investigations closed out
within xx days
• No. of Investigations completed

Process (Focus Measures)

• No. of investigations using Root • Interrogate Investigation
Cause Analysis reports to determine
incident severity against
level of investigation
• No. of employees participating • Track participants in
in Investigation Team investigation teams from
Investigation reports
• % of key personnel who have • Track training records and
completed Incident Investigation report % trained
training
• % of Safety Alerts raised and • Track investigation reports
distributed to relevant for compliance and report %
departments when indicated on
an investigation report

• % of SOP’s revised after incident • Track investigation reports

investigation identified and SOP document control • Monitor monthly
All incidents are procedural weakness register for changes • Measure achieve-
promptly • % of risk assessments • Track investigation reports ment quarterly
investigated Incident performed (when indicated) and corresponding risk • Review annually
and corrected Investigation after deficits in work practice assessments for achievement
to prevent process identified during investigation of KPI and to
further • % of system failures (general • Analyse investigation target areas for
incidents failure types) identified during reports improvement
investigation

Input (Activity Measures)

• No. of incident investigations • Track incident investigation
4 &

conducted within 3 days of event reports

• No. of Investigations closed out
Measurement

within xx days
• No. of Investigations completed
Evaluation

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of corrective actions • Track corrective actions &
outstanding report completed items
• % of Supervisors trained in • Review training records
Incident Investigation
• % of Managers participating in • Track participants in
incident investigation investigations
• % of Managers leading an • Cross-reference level of
incident investigation investigation to company
• % of Investigations conducted standard
as per Incident matrix
• % of incident investigation • Incident reports with
completed on time completion dates
• % of corrective actions • Log of corrective actions
implemented • Report outstanding items

32 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
5. Management Review
Objective PPI PPM Method of Approach Monitor & Review

Employees • Conduct periodic • Conduct periodic

Improve Safety perception standardised surveys standardised
• Overall findings on criteria
Culture survey • Track Trends surveys
process • Track Trends

Input (Activity Measures)

• No of meetings dedicated to • Track meeting minutes • Annual review by
review of OHSMS management for
• % completion of corrective • Track corrective actions & effectiveness,
actions within specified time report % completed within identify progress
period timeframe and set target
• No. of objectives achieved • Cross reference OHSMP areas for
• % of planned OHS Systems objectives with improvement.
audits undertaken predetermined targets and
performance indicators &
report success
• % of audit recommendations • Review schedule of audits
implemented and report % of compliance
• % of return to work assessments • Cross reference audit
completed recommendations to action
plan and track
implementation
• % return to work assessment • Track rehabilitation records
recommendations implemented & report % completed & %
of recommendations
implemented
• % of recommendations from • Cross reference audit
claims management systems recommendations to action
audits implemented plan and track
implementation
Demonstrated Process (Focus Measures)
improvement in • % of departments to review • Track department OHSMP • Annual review by
Continuous
the OHS performance from previous management for
Improvement
management of year and adjust OHSMP effectiveness,
safety • No. of departments that have • Track Management Meeting identify progress
redefined their OHS objectives Minutes and set target
and targets for new year areas for
• % of audit results reviewed by improvement
senior management

Output (Action Plan Measures)

• % of departments that have • Self report by departments
reviewed their Hazard Register • Review department Hazard
Register
• Review department Safety
Minutes
• % change in internal or • Track audit scores
independent audit score over
5

specified periods of time

• No. of targets for safety • Track performance
Review
Management

activities met indicators from OHSMPs

and determine whether
targets have been met
• No. of managers that have • Review department
reviewed their departments OHS management meeting
performance minutes
• No. of departments that have • Track department OHSMP
redefined OHS objectives and revision
targets for new year

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 33
 Appendix 1. The Advantages of a Systems Format
• Australian Industry has comprehensively adopted • System PPMs can easily be integrated into a
AS/NZS 4801:2001 (and other safety complimentary systems format;
management systems) as an OHS tool that
• Mirroring PPMs against an OHSMS format helps
ensures that all facets of OHS management have
to ensure sequential chronology for effective
been considered and that the system is complete;
PPM measurement;
• Systems formats are portable and recognisable
• PPMs determined against management system
by management as they follow the process of all
headings can assist a company with objective
other management systems whether they are
evidence of system improvement; and
financial, production and/or auditing;
• PPMs determined against a known OHSMS can
• PPMs that follow a management systems format
be matched into Australian Standards or other
would be more user friendly and readily
audit accreditation with positive marketing
recognisable;
implications.

Appendix 2. Overview of the Elements of AS/NZS 4801:2001

OHS Policy Objectives and Targets

Commitment and Policy are displayed in the An organisation will provide, implement and maintain
organisations’ OHS Policy. The policy should reflect documented OHS objectives and targets at each
the organisations’ commitment from senior relevant level and function within the organisation.
management, to be compliant to laws governing Appropriate performance indicators should be used.
operations and promote continual improvement. The The objectives and targets are to reflect the
policy is the basis of how the organisation sets its organisation’s OHS Policy.
objectives and targets. Occupational Health and Safety Management Plans
The OHS Management plan will describe how the
Planning targets are to be achieved, time lines and management
Planning Identification of Hazards, Hazard/Risk responsibilities. The plan will also include a review of
Assessment and Controof Hazards/Risks. current and new activities.

Planning is a method for an organisation to address

hazard identification, hazard/risk assessment and Implementation
control of hazards/risks by the organisation’s OHSMS. Structure and Responsibility
The organisation is to establish and maintain
documented procedures for hazard identification, An organisation is to identify and provide adequate
hazard/risk assessment and control of hazards/risks resources, identify areas of accountability and
for operations and services in which the organisation responsibility (including legal requirements) of all
has control, including contractors and suppliers who employees required to meet the OHSMS (contractors to
be included). Commitment is to come from the highest
provide activities and services.
level of management and would include designating a
Legal and other Requirements management person responsible for implementing the
An organisation is to establish procedures to identify OHSMS. The main OHSMS responsibilities are to be
and maintain a register of legal and other communicated to relevant personnel.
requirements related to OHS issues, for operations Training and Competency
and services, in which the organisation has control,
The organisation is required to determine its training
including contractors and suppliers. Relevant
requirements and competencies. The organisation’s
information is to be communicated to employees.
management is also to develop a training plan to meet
the determined competencies. Contractors are to
provide supporting documentation to show their
employees have the desired level of training.

34 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
Consultation, Communication and Reporting of equipment for monitoring and measuring (related
to health and safety risks), their calibration, storage
The employees are to be engaged in the OHS
and maintenance shall be maintained and stored.
decision-making process. The organisation is to elect
Safety and Health Representatives from the employee Health Surveillance
group who will represent employees on OHS matters.
The organisation will identify situations where employee
Elected representative are to receive training for their
health surveillance is required. Employees shall have
roles. Employees are also to be provided with
access to their individual results. Where specified by
adequate opportunity and support to take part in
legislation, employees’ health will be monitored and
OHS activities in their daily work.
recorded when exposed to specific hazards.
A documented procedure on how OHS information is
Incident Investigation, Corrective and
passed to and from employees is to be communicated
Preventative Action
and implemented.
The organisation is to establish, implement and
Reporting of OHS performance (audits and reviews),
maintain procedures for, investigating any incident that
incidents and system failures, hazards identified,
cause harm, investigate system failures and initiating
hazard/risk assessments, preventative and corrective
appropriate corrective and preventative actions. The
action and statutory reporting requirements are all to
organisation shall implement and record any changes
be established. Reporting timeframes are to be
to OHSMS procedures resulting from incident
determined by the organisation, to ensure the
investigation, corrective and preventative action.
OHSMS is monitored and performance improved.
Records and Records Management
Documentation
An organisation will establish, implement and maintain
The organisation will create, apply and maintain
procedures for identification, maintenance and
documentation in a suitable form to describe the core
disposition of records needed for the implementation
elements of the OHSMS and provide direction to
and operation of OHSMS and to record the extent to
related documentation.
which planned objectives and targets have been met.
Documentation and Data Control
Occupational Health and Safety Management
The Organisation will establish, implement and System Audit
maintain procedures for controlling relevant OHS
The organisation is to establish, implement and
documents.
maintain an audit program for regular reviews of the
Hazard Identification, Hazard/Risk Assessment and OHSMS. The audit is to be carried out by a
Control of Hazards/Risks competent person.
Hazards associated with the organisation’s activities
and services are to be identified, hazard/risk Management Review
assessment conducted, control measured Review of the Occupational Health and Safety
implemented and evaluated to ascertain if risk Management System
reduction was achieved. This usually includes design,
construction, commissioning and purchasing controls, Senior management will at regular intervals conduct a
contractor management and management of change. review to ensure continuing suitability and
effectiveness in satisfying the targets and objectives
Emergency Preparedness and Response set for the OHSMS. The review includes, policy,
The organisation is to identify any emergency objective, targets and performance indicators, audit
situations and ensure that emergency procedures are findings, and corrective actions.
documented. Continual Improvement
Management from the review, will change were
Measurement and Evaluation appropriate any deficiencies identified. Continual
Monitoring and Measurement improvement is based on the continuous evaluation of
OHS performance for the purpose of identifying
The organisation is to establish, implement, and
opportunities for improvement.
maintain documented procedures to monitor and
measure on a regular basis the key operations and
activities, which can cause illness and injury. Records

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 35
 Appendix 3. Example – Manual Handling Training
1) PPI – ensure that employees have received • Process Measure – Examine the % of
Structured Manual Handling Training (with employees who demonstrate correct manual
practical assessment); handling techniques (calculated by
examination of behaviour observation
2) PPM – what requires measurement
records).
• Input Measure - number of
3) Create PPM Table – Using the framework
documented/complete Training Needs
illustrated below, ensure that for each PPM the:-
Analysis (TNA). This is calculated by
counting the number of completed TNAs • Method Of Approach (how are you going to
from the Departments. The TNA has either collect the information and how are you going
been completed or it has not. to manipulate/calculate the data),
• Output Measure - % of employees who have • Monitoring Strategy (how is this information
completed Manual Handling Training. to be reported to you and how often; and
Calculated by examining the department
• Review Period (How often are you measuring
TNA (% = projected/actual x100).
that the targets are being met and when will a
• Input Measure – number of employees who judgement be made on whether the objective
have attended Manual Handling Training per has been achieved).
month/quarter (calculated by examination
of the individual training records).

Method of Approach Monitoring Strategy

PPI PPM Review
How How How Report
Collected Calculated Reported Frequency

Dept to provide Measure

No of complete Training is either Dept Safety Monthly or
documented training
TNA performed or not Report Quarterly
TNA PPMs
quarterly
% = Training • Dept Safety for
% MH training Training
Performed /Training Report Monthly achievement
undertaken Records
Structured Required x 100 • Corporate of targets
Manual Safety and adjust if
Handling No of Report required
Training employees that Training • HR Training
Sum of = Total Report Quarterly Review
with have completed Records
Practical MH training Annually
Assessment
% = No of MH
Measure
Injuries/No of total
Quarterly
% of MH injuries x 100 post Quarterly site
Injury
injuries post training, compared to OSH Report Quarterly
records Review
MH training the % of manual (with analysis)
Annually
handling injuries
pre training

Figure 4. Positive Performance Table

The PPMs have been written to quantify the response a. Input measures - how many TNA completed and
with a measurement, not to direct you to respond how many employees trained (compliance)
whether you have performed a function or not. The b. Output measure - % completed (was the target
questions are not asking IF the action has occurred, but met? - what needs to be completed vs. what has
rather, to what extent. been completed)
Examination of the results can be used to emphatically c. Process measure - examination of the incidence of
demonstrate the extent of, and by extrapolation, the LTIFR prior to training compared with the number
weaknesses and strengths of OHS activity. of LTIFR after the training (effectiveness of training)

36 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
Appendix 4. Bibliography
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Trends in Accident Prevention.” European Agency Positive Performance Indicators in Australian
for Safety and Health at Work, ed. 4, pg 11-13. Industry.” AGPS: Canberra
Belgium.
NSCA (1998) “OH&S Performance Measures –
Chamber of Mines. (2003) “Lagging and leading With An Emphasis Of Positivity!” in Australian
indicators of OHS Performance.” Compendium Safety News
Chamber of Mines: South Africa
NSW Minerals Council (1998) “Moving to the New
Comcare (2003) “Positive Performance Indicators Way of Measuring OHS Performance – Guidelines
– Measuring Safety, Rehabilitation and for the Measurement of Site OHS Performance.”
Compensation Performance.” SRC Commission. NSW Minerals Council: Sydney
ACT. Australia
Nuclear Energy Agency Working Group on Inspection
Department of Energy. Office of Performance Practises. (1998) “Performance Indicators And
Assessment and Analysis (2003) “DOE ISM Combining Assessments To Evaluate The Safety
Performance Report. Period Ending December 31, Performance Of Licensees.” Organisation For
2002.” Department of Energy: USA Economic Co-Operation And Development: Paris

Department of Industry and Resources (2002) Pardy, W. (1999) “Performance Measurement for
“Safety Performance 2001-2002 – Accident & Workplace Safety.” Vermont SIRI Safety Library Page.
Injury Statistics.” D.O.I.R.: Perth Internet

Government of Western Australia. (2002) Standards Australia (2001) “AS/NZS 4804

“Department of Training Annual Report 2001- Occupational Health and Safety Management
2002 - Key Performance Indicators.” Government Systems – General Guidelines on Principles,
of Western Australia: Perth Systems And Supporting Techniques”, Standards
Australia International Ltd: Sydney
Health and Safety Executive (2001) “A Guide to
Measuring Health and Safety Performance.” Standards Australia (2001) “AS/NZS 4801
HSE: UK Occupational Health and Safety Management
Systems – General Guidelines on Principles,
Kimberley Development Commission. (2002) “Annual Systems And Supporting Techniques.” Standards
Report to 30 June 2002 - Performance Australia International Ltd: Sydney
Indicators.” Government of Western Australia: Perth
Step Change in Safety (2003) “Leading
Minerals Council of Australia (2002) “Safety & Performance Indicators: Guidance for Use”, Safety
Health Performance Report of the Australian Change in Safety, UK
Minerals Industry. 2001-2002.” Minerals Council of
Australia: Sydney Watson, R. (2002) “Positive Performance
Indicators, Results and Responses”, Paper - IFAP
Minerals Council of Australia (2003) “Positive Safety in Action Conference, Sons of Gwalia Ltd
Performance Measures – A Practical Guide.”
Minerals Council of Australia: Sydney

NOHSC. (1999) “OHS Performance Measurement

in the Construction Industry – Development of
Positive Performance Indicators.” NOSCH: Sydney

NOHSC. (1994) “Positive Performance Indicators

for OHS - Beyond Lost Time Injuries Part 1.”
AGPS: Canberra

C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T 37
 Glossary
Objective Method of Approach
States the purpose of collecting the measurement i.e. States how the information will be collected i.e. track
to demonstrate management commitment to training completed via departmental OHS
OHS activities performance reports

Performance Indicator Monitor and Review

Defines what is the item for measurement i.e. States how frequently the measurement will be
management commitment to OHS activities identified monitored and reviewed i.e. monitor monthly, review
in OHS Plan quarterly as per OHS Management Plan and annually
as per OHSMS Audit
Performance Measurement
States how the item is to be measured i.e. % of
managers participating in audits

Abbreviations
ALARP As low as reasonably practicable MSDS Material Data Safety Sheet
CIRP Critical Incident Response Plan OHS Occupational health and safety
DG Dangerous goods OHSMP Occupational health and safety
management plan
DIFR Disabling injury frequency rate
OHSMS Occupational health and safety
EAP Employee assistance program
management system
FFR Fatality frequency rate
PPIs Positive performance indicators
Hazobs Hazard observations
PPMs Positive performance measures
JSAs Job safety analysis
SHR Safety and Health Representative
KPI Key performance indicator
SOP Standard operating procedure
LTI Lost time injury
TNA Training needs analysis
LTIFR Lost time injury frequency rate

38 C M E G U I D E TO P O S I T I V E P E R F O R M A N C E M E A S U R E M E N T
ROBE RIVER IRON ASSOCIATES
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