This document summarizes key concepts in trigonometry including:
1) Trigonometric ratios and their reciprocals
2) Fundamental trigonometric identities like sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
3) Rules for solving problems involving sums and differences of angles by expressing them in terms of products of trigonometric functions
4) How to use trigonometric ratios and identities to solve problems involving angles and sides of triangles.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document summarizes key concepts in trigonometry including:
1) Trigonometric ratios and their reciprocals
2) Fundamental trigonometric identities like sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
3) Rules for solving problems involving sums and differences of angles by expressing them in terms of products of trigonometric functions
4) How to use trigonometric ratios and identities to solve problems involving angles and sides of triangles.
This document summarizes key concepts in trigonometry including:
1) Trigonometric ratios and their reciprocals
2) Fundamental trigonometric identities like sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
3) Rules for solving problems involving sums and differences of angles by expressing them in terms of products of trigonometric functions
4) How to use trigonometric ratios and identities to solve problems involving angles and sides of triangles.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document summarizes key concepts in trigonometry including:
1) Trigonometric ratios and their reciprocals
2) Fundamental trigonometric identities like sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
3) Rules for solving problems involving sums and differences of angles by expressing them in terms of products of trigonometric functions
4) How to use trigonometric ratios and identities to solve problems involving angles and sides of triangles.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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Chapter 6 Trigonometry
6.1: Trigonometric Ratios
sin =
1 -----cosec
cos =
1 -----sec
cot =
cos -----sin
tan =
1 -----cot
tan =
sin -----cos
6.2: Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
sin + cos = 1 - Substitute sin / cos into unit circle equation - Dividing through by sin sin cos 1 ------- + ------- = ------sin sin sin
1 + cot = cosec
1 + tan = sec
When solving trigonometric proofs, always work from one side to the other until it equals the other side
- Dividing through by cos
sin cos 1 ------- + ------- = ------cos cos cos 6.3: The Cosine Rule b + c - a cos A = -------------2bc a = b + c - (2bc.cos A)
Given 3 sides, asked for an angle Given 2 sides / 1 angle, asked for a side
? b
c b a
? A c
6.4: The Sine Rule
6.5: Sum and Difference of Angles (Extension 1)
~ sin (A + B) = sinA . cosB + cosA . sinB ~ sin (A B) = sinA . cosB cosA . sinB e.g: find the exact value of sin75 sin75
= sin (45 + 30)
= (sin45 . cos30) + (sin30 . sin45) =
1 x 3 1x1 -------- + -------2 x 2 2 x 2
1 + 3 = -------22
~ cos (A + B) = cosA . cosB - sinA . sinB
~ cos (A B) = cosA . cosB + sinA . sinB e.g: find the exact value of cos105 cos105
= cos (60 + 45)
= (cos60 . cos45) + (sin60 . sin45) =
1x1 3 x 2 -------- + -------2 x 2 2x1
1 + 6 = --------2 + 22
tan + 1 = ---------- - 1 1 tan
~ tan (A + B) = tanA + tanB
------------------1 tanA . tanB ~ tan (A - B) = tanA - tanB ------------------1 + tanA . tanB e.g: expand and simplify tan ( + 45) 1 tan ( + 45) 1
tan + tan45 -------------------- - 1 1 - tan + tan45
tan + 1 (1 tan) ----------------------- 1 tan
2tan = ---------1 tan
6.6: Ratios of Double Angles (Extension 1)
Using the sum and difference of angles:
sin (A + B) = sinA . cosB + sinB . cosA
- now, let B = A :. sin (A + A) = sinA . cosA + cosA . sinA sin2A = 2 (sinA . cosA)
cos (A + B) = cosA . cosB - sinA . sinB
- now, let B = A :. cos (A + A) = cosA . cosA - sinA . sinA cos2A = cosA - sinA also, by substituting (1 - sinA) for cosA :. cos2A = 1 - sinA - sinA = 1 2sinA Also, by substituting (1 - cosA) for sinA :. cos2A = cosA (1 - cosA) = cosA + cosA 1 = 2cosA 1
tan (A + B) = tanA + tanB
------------------1 tanA . tanB
tanA 1
- now, let B = A :. tan (A + A) =
tanA + tanA -----------------1 tanA . tanA
tan2A = 2tanA ----------1 - tanA
6.7: The t = tan (2
Let
t = tan -( 2
) formula (Half-Angle Formula)
)
Using the Double Angle Formula
sin2 = 2 (sin . cos)
Divide through by 2
:. sin = 2 (sin2
cos2
sub in t for2
1 1 = 2 . ---------- . ---------(1 + t) (1 + t)
2t :. sin = -------1 + t
cos2 = cosA - sinA
Divide through by 2
:. cos = cos2
- sin2
sub in t for2
1 t = ---------- - ---------(1 + t) (1 + t)
1 - t :. cos = -------1 + t
2tan tan2 = -----------1 - tan Divide through by 2
2tan 2 :. tan = ----------------sub in t for
1 - tan2
2t :. tan = -------1 - t
6.8: Solving using Transformation (Subsidiary / Auxiliary Angles) (Extension 1)
b tan = --a
similarly:
b sin = ----------(a + b) a cos = ----------(a + b)
(a + b)
Let (a + b) = R :.
R . sin = b a
R . cos = a Show that: R . sin ( + ) = (a . sin ) + (b . cos) LHS:
Proof
R . sin ( + ) = R . (sin . cos) + R . (cos . sin) = a . sin + b . cos
= RHS
:. R . sin ( + ) = (a . sin) + (b . cos)
Where (a + b) = R, and is in the first quadrant Furthermore: ~
6.9: Products as Sums and Differences (Extension 1)
b tan = --a
1 = --3
Using the addition theorems:
1. sin (A + B) = (sinA . cosB) + (sinB . cosA) 2. sin (A B) = (sinA . cosB) (sinB . cosA) 3. cos (A + B) = (cosA . cosB) (sinA . sinB) 4. cos (A B) = (cosA . cosB) + (sinA . sinB) ~ Add 1 + 2 :. 2 (sinA . cosB) = sin (A + B) + sin (A B)
5.
= sin (sum) + sin (difference)
~ Subtract 2 1 :. 2 (cosA . sinB) = sin (A + B) sin (A B)
= sin (sum) sin (difference)
~ Add 3 + 4 :. 2 (cosA . cosB) = cos (A + B) + cos (A B) = cos (sum) + cos (difference)
7.
~ Subtract 4 3 :. 2 (sinA . sinB) = cos (A B) cos (A + B) = cos (difference) cos (sum)
6.10: Sums or Differences as Products (Extension 2)
8.
5.
Using the product theorems:
5. 2 (sinA . cosB) = sin (A + B) + sin (A B) 6. 2 (cosA . sinB) = sin (A + B) sin (A B) 7. 2 (cosA . cosB) = cos (A + B) + cos (A B) 8. 2 (sinA . sinB) = cos (A B) cos (A + B) ~ let U = (A + B);V = (A B) U+V :. A = -------2
U-V B = -------2
Substitute values of U and V into 5 8
U+V U-V 9. sinU + sinV = 2sin -------- cos -------2 2 UV U+V 10. sinU sinV = 2sin -------- cos -------2 2 U+V U-V 11. cosU + cosV = 2cos -------- cos -------2 2
