Virtualization

Agenda
History What is virtualization Types of virtualization Uses of Virtualization Virtualization Products

History
1970s : Main frames IBM 360/40 1980s : Memory Management Unit 1990s : Java Virtual Machine 1998 : Creation of VMWare 2000s : Honeypots / Jails 2006 : AMD/ Intel Hardware virtualization

What is Virtualization ?
virtualization applications characteristics computational essentially decouples users and from the specific hardware of the systems they use to perform tasks

Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device or network resources

The Four Drivers of Virtualization

Under Utilized Hardware Data Centers run out of space Green initiatives demand better energy efficiency System administration costs mount

Traditional Architectures
One OS one server one application Tightly coupled hardware and software Typical load on server is 5 15 %

Virtualized Architecture
Many OS to one server Separation between software and Hardware Many applications on one server Typical load on server is 80 95% Dynamically optimized resources

Classification of Virtualization
Virtualization Management Layered Approach Dedicated Virtualization Approach Hardware-Based or Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Approach

Virtual Machine 1

Virtual Machine 2

Virtual Machine 3

Virtualization Software

Host Operating System

Hardware (CPU, RAM, Hard disk and Network)

Virtual Machine 1

Virtual Machine 2

Virtual Machine 3

Virtualization Software

Host Operating System

Hardware (CPU, RAM, Hard disk and Network)

OS Virtualization cont.
Good solution for Software as a Service
SaaS:
Software without needing to physically install it. Reduces the upfront costs associated with software package licensing. Maintenance headache reduces.

Advantages:

Ggogle docs

Similar set of OS functionalities IDEAL for webhosting (high density) Training Uses set of libraries for OS functionalities and file mapping services for isolation Requires only one license Sandboxing

 Limitations:
Choosing the OS Each container must be the same type, version, and patch level Limited to the device drivers Needs changes in the OS Kernel

Products / Applications:
Virtuozzo and OpenVZ, chroot()

Uses of Virtualization
Production data centres (server consolidation)
Consolidate servers (especially legacy applications) Consolidate desktops Make more efficient use of hardware Enhance IT staff productivity
Fewer points of admin Less hardware maintenance and fewer infrastructure requirements Faster server deployment React faster to business needs Faster Server replacement

Uses of Virtualization
Testing and Development
Point in Time Snapshots Network Isolation Appliance download

Disaster Recovery
Hardware Independence (application portability)

Most hardware selected for a traditional server is oversized and much of the capacity goes underutilized.

Uses of Virtualization Contd.

Reduce IT costs :
Improve Existing Hardware Utilization to reduce costs Reduce Software license requirements Leverage scarce IT resources to manage more Reduce energy costs and drive Green IT initiatives Improve Management of virtual infrastructure

Business Improvements
Better adapt to business changes Deliver services on demand Improve availability of applications Better secure data and infrastructure for risks

Virtualization Products available

VMware (EMC)
VMware Player VMware Workstation VMware Server 1.x (used to be GSX) VMware Infrastructure (VI) 3 (ESX Server) VMware Fusion for MAC VMware products are feature rich and hold majority market share. www.vmware.com

Microsoft
Microsoft Virtual PC Microsoft Virtual Server Microsoft Longhorn - Hypervisor (coming soon) All Microsoft Virtualization products are Free Of Cost www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/default. mspx

Virtualization Products available

VirtualIRON
VirtualIRON It is a challenge to VMware ESX Server Offers for less price compared to VMware ESX Server www.virtualiron.com

Parallels for MAC OS

Parallels Desktop & Workstation www.parallels.com

OpenSource
Linux Xen www.xensource.com

Virtualization
AMD-V : Hardware virtualization Chroot : OS level virtualization Bochs : emulation BSD Jail : OS level virtualization Intel VT : Hardware Virtualization Linux KVM : Hardware Virtualization Linux Vserver : OS level virtualization OpenVZ : OS level Virtualization Qemu : Emulation User Model Linux : Paravirtualization VirtualBox: Full, Hardware virtualization VMWare : full-virtualization, paravirtualization Xen : full, paravirtualizaion

Bochs CHARON-AXP CHARON-VAX Containers (also 'Zones) Cooperative Linux Denali DOSBox DOSEMU FreeVPS GXemul Hercules Hyper-V Imperas OVP Tools iCore Virtual Accounts Integrity Virtual Machines FreeBSD Jail JPC (Virtual Machine) KVM LinuxOnLinux Linux- VServer Logical Domains LynxSecure Mac-on-Linux Mac-on-Mac OKL4 OpenVZ

Oracle VM OVPsim Padded Cell for x86 Padded Cell for PowerPC Palacios VMM Parallels Desktop for Mac Parallels Workstation PearPC PowerVM Proxmox Virtual Environment QEMU QEMU w/ kqemu module QEMU w/ qvm86 module QuickTransit RTS Hypervisor SimNow SIMH Simics Sun xVM Server SVISTA 2004 TRANGO User Mode Linux View-OS VDSmanager

Sun xVM VirtualBox Virtual Iron Virtual Iron 3.1 Virtual PC 2007 Windows Virtual PC Virtual PC 7 for Mac VirtualLogix VLX Virtual Server 2005 R2 CoWare Virtual Platform Virtuozzo VMware ESX Server VMware ESXi VMware Fusion VMware Server VMware Workstation 6.0 VMware Player 2.0 Wind River hypervisor Wind River VxWorks MILS Platform Xen XtratuM z/VM z LPARs

What should or shouldnt be virtualized?

The best applications for consolidation to virtual servers are less demanding applications that don't make full use of their hardware. For example:
Print server Web server Networking monitoring server

However, more and more high end applications are being moved to virtual due to the features that you receive. For example.

When not to use virtualization

When your computing environment is static When your software providers refuse support within a virtualized infrastructure When your applications dont lend themselves to virtualization
Applications Applications Applications Applications with high processing that require specific hardware that are graphics intensive suffering from performance issues

Choosing hardware
Big four resources of servers
Processors Network cards Storage Memory

 Keep in mind that the performance of the virtual server host determines the performance of every virtual server guest on that host. That also applies to the disk and network infrastructure. Multi-core CPUs are excellent for VMware. You can also get hyper threading and multi-core, together.

Selecting the right hardware for Virtualization

Compare the option of fewer high performance servers vs. more lower performance servers.

Selecting the right hardware for Virtualization

First, make sure that your system meets the minimum requirements of Workstation or Server
Second, examine the number of virtual servers that you will run on and the application requirements of each application running inside each virtual server.

Third, add up these requirements to see what the what capacity your virtual host will require.

Selecting the right hardware for Virtualization

RAM - the more the better, ensure you have enough for the host OS, plus all concurrent guest systems - varies from app to app. CPU - total the requirements for the host OS and all Guest OS systems but then reduce it by some percentage, say 25% - varies from app to app. Networking - 100Mb or 1Gb Ethernet Disk - the host OS will need swap space, OS space, and room for all virtual disks (that may grow!). Disk options include: SATA or SCSI for local and iSCSI or FC for SAN. Use RAID 1, 5, or 10.

Steps for selecting the right hardware

Always use empirical performance data if it is a critical application and if the data can be gathered.
Dont forget to *TEST*

Choosing servers
32-bit hardware reusing Using 64-bit servers Blade servers : a 64-bit alternative Future development: Virtualization enabled chips
More efficient memory Faster networking for virtualized machines

Which Platform Do I choose for my Host Operating System?

Do I choose Windows Server or Linux Server?
Pros of Linux
Free host OS license Greater performance

Pros of Windows
Easier to use for folks used to working with Windows Fewer prerequisites to think about Common Windows Pros - integration, ease of use etc

The OS you choose really depends on the experience you and those in your group.