Quantitative Aptitude Numbers Prime number which is divisible by only one (1) Co-prime numbers which have 1 as common

on factor or having HCF = 1 Divisibility Rule For 2:- Check last digit of the number. It should be either 0 or any even number For 4:- Check last 2 digits. It should be either 00 or divisible by 4. For 8:- Check last 3 digits. It should be either 000 or divisible by 8. For 16:- Check last 4 digits. It should be either 0000 or divisible by 16. NOTE For 2 For 4 For 8 21 22 23 24 Check last 1 digit Check last 2 digits Check last 3 digits Check last 4 digits

For 16 So on...

For 3:- Add all the digits of the number and divide by 3 and check whether it is divisible or not. For 9:- Add all the digits of the number and divide by 9 and check whether it is divisible or not.

For 5:- Last digit should be either 0 or 5 For 25:- Last digit should be either 00 or divisible by 25

For 6:- The number should be divisible by both 2 and 3 For 11:- If the difference between the sum of its digits at odd places and sum of its digits at even places is either 0 or divisible by 11.

For 7:- Multiply last digit by 5 and add that number to remaining digits Example: - check whether 343 is divisible by 7 or not?

Solution: - multiply 3 with 5 and add the resultant (15) with remaining digits (34), we get 49 as answer which is divisible by 7

3 4 3 5 3 4 + 1 5 4 9 15

Which is divisible by 7 so, 343 is also divisible by 7

For 13:- Multiply last digit by 4 Example: - Check whether 12519 is divisible by 13 or not? Solution:1 2 5 1 9 4 3 6 1 2 8 7 4 2 8 1 5 6 24 4 2 4 3 9 Which is divisible by 13 so 12519 So, also divisible by 13 28 36

For 17:- Multiply last digit by 12 Example: - Check whether 7752 is divisible by 17 or not? 7 7 5 2 12 2 7 9 4 9 12 1 0 8 1 8 7 Which is divisible by 17 So, 7752 is also divisible by 17 108 24

For 19:- Multiply last digit by 2 Example: - Check whether 6935 is divisible by 19 or not? Solution: 6 9 3 5 10 2 1 0 7 0 3 2 6 7 6 12 2 1 2 1 9 Which is divisible by 19 So, 6935 is also divisible by 19 6

For 29: - Multiply last digit by 3 Example: - Check whether 1044 is divisible by 29 or not? Solution: 1 0 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 6 18 3 1 8 2 9 Which is divisible by 29 So, 1044 is also divisible by 29 12

Cyclicity Write the last or unit digit

21 22 23 24 25

2 4 8 6 2

31 32 33 34 35

3 9 7 1 3

41 42 43 44

4 6 4 6

51 52 53

5 5 5

Unit digit of 16 is 6. Similarly unit digit of 32 is 2 and so on...

61 62 63

6 6 6

71 72 73 74 75

7 9 3 1 7

81 82 83 84 85

8 4 2 6 8

91 92 93

9 1 9

Clearly, we can see that 1, 5 and 6 are the numbers which always gives same unit digit on every power. Small box indicates that after that power the series of digits at unit place repeats.

Example1: - Find the unit digit of the product 784 618 917 463 Solution: - 784 618 917 463 Take the product of unit digits of every no. =4873 = 32 21 =21 =2 (again take unit digit only)

Example 2: - what is the unit digit of 7

105 4 multiple of 4

Solution: - The cyclicity of 7 is 4. It means 7 or 7 rule) we can write 7

105

gives unit digit 1 (check cyclicity

as 7

104 + 1

= 74x(26) 71
=17 So, answer is 7 (Because 7 or 7
4 multiple of 4

gives unit digit 1)

Example 3: - find the digit at unit place of 3

65

659 771

Solution: - They cyclicity of 3 is four, 6 is one and 7 is four So,

34x(16)+1 659 74x(17)+3 34x(16)31 659 74x(17)73 363 54 (Because the unit digit of 34 or 3multiple of 4 is 1 and that of 73 is 3)

So, the answer is 4

Example: - Find the digit at unit place of (4137)754 Solution: (4137)754

7754 74x(188)+2 74x(188) 72

1 49 So, the answer is 9

take unit digit only

(Because the unit digit of 7 or 7

multiple of 4

is 1)

Some Formulas

(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab (a b)2 = a2 + b2 2ab (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b) (a b)3 = a3 b3 3ab (a b) a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 ab +b2) a3 b3 = (a b) (a2 + ab +b2) a3 + b3 + c3 = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ac) + 3abc (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ac)

Remainder Therorem 1. a + b 2. a + b 3. a b 4. a b
n n n n n n n n

a+b ab a+b a+b

Divisible only when n = odd never divisible Divisible only when n = even always divisible

Proof n = Even 1 (a + b )
2 2

n = odd (a + b )
3 3

(a + b) No Formula (Not Divisible) Hence, an + bn

a+b

(a + b) (a + b)(a2 ab + b2) (Divisible) (a + b)

Divisible only when n = odd

(a + b )

(a + b )

(a b) No Formula (Not Divisible) Hence, an + bn

(a b) (a + b)(a2 b + b2) (Not Divisible) (a b)

ab never divisible

(a b )

(a b )

(a + b) (a + b)(a b) (a + b) an bn

(a + b) (a b)(a2+ ab+b2) (Not Divisible) (a + b)

Hence,

a+b

Divisible only when n = even

(a b )

(a b )

(a b) (a + b)(a b) (a b) Hence, an bn
a+b

(a b) (a b)(a2+ ab+b2) (a b)
always divisible

Examples: what is the remainder of 6767 + 67 (67+1) By adding and subtracting 1 6767 + 1 1 + 67 (67+1) Either (6767 + 1) + (67 1) (67+1) (6767 + 167)+ 66 (67+1) 6767 + 167 + 66 (67+1) 68 6767 + 167 is divisible (67+1) and 6767 167 is not divisible (67+1) as as a + b a+b
n n

or

(6767 1) + (67 + 1) (67+1) (6767 167) + 68 (67+1) 6767 167 + 68 (67+1) 68

is Divisible only when n = odd

an - bn is Divisible only when n = even

a+b

6767 + 167 + 66 (67+1) 68 So, the remainder is 0 + 66 66 is answer

6767 167 + 68 (67+1) 68

not divisible

Example: 4915 1 is divisible by which of the following A) 8 Solution: 4915 1 8 B) 14 C) 48 D) 50

4915 1 14

4915 1 48

4915 1 50

4915 1 7+1

4915 1 15 1

4915 1 49 1

4915 1 49 + 1

(72)15 1 7+1 730 1 7+1 Divisible because n = even

Not Formula

Always Divisible

Not Divisible because n = Odd

So, 4915 1 is divisible by both 8 and 48.

Example: What is remainder when 15 16 17 is divided by 7? Solution: 15 16 17 7 Divide 15, 16 and 17 individually by 7 and multiply the remainder. Then again divide the resultant by 7 123 7 6 7 Now 6 is not divided by 7 So, 6 is the answer

Example: What is remainder when 19 20 21 is divided by 9? Solution: 19 20 21 9 Divide 19, 20 and 21 individually by 9 and multiply the remainder. Then again divide the resultant by 9

123 9 6 9 Now 6 is not divided by 9 So, 6 is the answer

(Note: Dont divide 6 and 9 by 3 to make it lowest fraction)

Example: Out of 12/15 and 15/19 which ratio is bigger? Solution: 12 15 & 15 19 By cross multiplication 12 19 228 & & 15 17 255

Here, 255 is greater than 228 so, 15/19 is greater than 12/15

Example: Out of 3/5 and 2/5 which ratio is bigger? Solution: 3 2 & 5 5 By cross multiplication 35 15 & & 25 10

Here, 15 is greater than 10 so, 3/5 is greater than 2/5

Multiplication 1. Multiplication of 2 digit numbers which are close to 100 Case i): When both numbers are less than 100 97

96
97 is 3 below 100 and 96 is 4 below 100 Imagine like below 97 96 -3 -4 (97 is 3 below 100 thats why ve sign is placed) (96 is 4 below 100)

Now a) multiply -3 and -4 and write the resultant in two digit term as 100 contains 2 zero b) subtract either 4 from 97 or 3 from 96. In both ways resultant will be same. 97 96 93 -3 -4 12 ( 3 4 = 12) ( 97 4 = 93 or 96 3 = 93)

9312 is the answer

Case ii): When both numbers are more than 100 102

104
102 is 2 above 100 and 104 is 4 below 100 Imagine like below 102 104 +2 +4 (102 is 2 above 100 thats why +ve is sign placed) (104 is 4 below 100)

Now a) Multiply 2 and 4 and write the resultant in two digit term as 100 contains 2 zero b) Add either 4 to 102 or 2 to 104. In both ways resultant will be same.

102 104 106

+2 +4 08 ( +2 +4 = 08) ( 102 + 4 = 106 or 104 + 2 = 106)

10608 is the answer

Case iii): When number of digits of the product of remainder is greater than the power of 10 or two digit in the case of 100. 84

92
84 is 16 below 100 and 92 is 8 below 100 Imagine like below 84 92 -16 -8 (84 is 16 below 100 thats why ve sign is placed) (92 is 8 below 100)

Now a) multiply -16 and -8 and write the resultant in two digit term as 100 contains 2 zero b) Subtract either 8 from 84 or 16 from 92. In both ways resultant will be same. 84 92 76 -16 -8 128 ( 16 8 = 128) ( 84 8 = 76 or 92 16 = 76)

Carry 1 to 76 to make 128 a two digit term So, 77 28 is the answer (as 76 + 1 = 77)

Case iii): When one number is greater than 100 & other number is less than 100. 105

93

105 is 5 above 100 and 93 is 7 below 100 Imagine like below 105 93 +5 -7 (105 is 5 above 100 thats why +ve sign is placed) (93 is 7 below 100 thats why ve sign is placed)

Now a) multiply +5 and 7 and write the resultant in two digit term as 100 contains 2 zero b) Either subtract 7 from 105 or add 5 to 93. In both ways resultant will be same. 105 93 98 +5 -7 00 35 65

( +5 7 = 35 thats why we have to minus 35) ( 105 7 = 98 or 93 + 5 = 98)

97

So, 9765 is the answer

2. Multiplication of 2 digit numbers which are close to 50 Note: this formula can be used only when both numbers are either even or odd. 47

43
47 is 3 below 50 and 43 is 7 below 50 Imagine like below 47 43 -3 -7 (47 is 3 below 50 thats why ve sign is placed) (43 is 7 below 50)

Now a) multiply -3 and -7 and write the resultant in two digit term b) Subtract either 7 from 47 or 3 from 43 and divide the resultant by 2 as 50 is equal to 100 divided by 2. 47 43
47 7 = 20 2

-3 -7 21 ( 3 7 = 21) ( 47 7 = 40 or 43 3 = 40) (40/2 = 20)

So, 2021 is the answer

58 52
58 + 2 = 30 2

+8 +2 16
82

58 42
58 8 = 25 2

+8 8 00 64 36

+8 8 = 64

24

Criss cross multiplication: 47

43

4 2 1 6 0 1 2 0 2 1 Step 1: 4 4 7 4 4 = 16 3 1 6

Step 2:

4 4

7 3 43+47 12 + 28 = 40 4 1 6 0 Write 0 and carry 4

Step 3:

4 4

7 7 3 = 21 3 4 2 1 6 0 1 Write 0 and carry 4 Write 1 and carry 2

By adding 4 2 1 6 0 1 2 0 2 1 So, 2021 is the answer

5 4 3 2 3124 STEPS
STEP 1 5 3 4 1 3 2 2 1 5 4

5 3 = 15
STEP 2 5 3 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 1 5 7

5 1 + 3 4 = 17
STEP 3 5 3 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 2 1 5 7 3

5 2 + 3 3 + 4 1 = 23
STEP 4

5 3

4 1

3 2

2 4

1 2 3 1 5 7 3 7

5 4 + 3 2 + 4 2 + 3 1 = 37
STEP 5

5 3

4 1

3 2

2 4

1 2 3 2 1 5 7 3 7 4

4 4 + 2 1 + 3 2 = 24
STEP 6

5 3

4 1

3 2

2 4

1 2 3 2 1 1 5 7 3 7 4 6

3 4 + 2 2 = 16
STEP 7

5 3

4 1

3 2

2 4

1 2 3 2 1 1 5 7 3 7 4 6 8

24=8

1 2 3 2 1 1 5 7 3 7 4 6 8 1 6 9 6 9 5 6 8 So, 16969568 is the answer.

Multiplication of a no. with 11 to 19 Multiplication of 21432 with 11 Multiplication with 11 2 1 4 3 2 11

Write the first no. from left hand side as it is. And then write (first + second), (second + third), (third + fourth), (fourth + fifth) and last as it is

1 4 3 2 11

3
2 + 1

5
1 + 4

7
4 + 3

5
3 + 2

2
2

4216 11

4 6 3 7 6

Multiplication with 12
1 3 3 2 12

5
21 + 3

9
23 + 3

8
23 + 2

4
22

Multiplication with 13
1 2 1 3 2 13

7
32 + 1 =7

6
31 + 3 =6

1
33 + 2 =11

6
32

=2 7 7 1 6

=6

Multiplication with 17
3 4 3 2 2 17 2 1 1

1
74 + 3 =31

3
73 + 2 =23

6
72 + 2 =16

4
72

=7 3 4 7 4

=14

Multiplication of two digit numbers whose tens digit is common and their units digits makes sum as 10:
45

4347

2 0 2 1

37

23

2426

6 2 4

46

89

8585

72 2 5

55

Squaring of a number

(98)2 = 98 is 2 less than nearest 0 term i.e, 100 So,

98 + 2 (2)2 = 4

100 9600 + 4 = 9604

(98)2

98
98 - 2

96

(13)2

13 is 3 more than nearest 0 term i.e, 10

(3)2 = 9 13 + 3

16 160 + 9 = 169

(13)2

13
13 3

10

(25)2

25 is 5 more than nearest 0 term i.e, 20

(5)2 = 25 25 + 5

30 600 + 25 = 625

(25)2

25
25 5

20

(132)2 =

132 is 2 more than nearest 0 term i.e, 130

(2)2 = 4 132 + 2

134 17420 + 4 = 17424

(132)2 =

132
132 2

130

Square of a no. whose unit digit is 5

12 (5)2

(15)2

2 25

11 12

(5)2

(115)2 =
89

132 25
(5)2

(85)2

72 25 = 20 / 25 = 2025 = 30 / 25 = 3025 = 56 / 25 = 5625 = 90 / 25 = 9025

452 = 4 x 5 / 5 x 5 552 = 5 x 6 / 5 x 5 752 = 7 x 8 / 5 x 5 952 = 9 x 10 / 5 x 5

Square root 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = = = = = = = = = = 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 = = = = = = = = = = 121 44 169 196 225 256 289 324 361 400

From the above table we can conclude 1, 4, 9, 6, 5, 0 : the no. which ends with these no. will have a perfect square root

Rest of no (2, 3, 7, 8) : the no. which ends with these no. dont have any perfect square root

Suppose we have to find out the square root of 24336. This no. ends with 6, so it will have a perfect square root

243 / 36 Step 1 : Step 2 : separate the last two digits check the numbers whose square ends with 6 Here in this case 4 and 6 have the squares ends with 6 (i.e, 16 or 36) Step 3: check the number whose square is nearest smaller than remaining digits Here in this case (15)2 = 225 is nearest smaller than 243

Write as below 243 36 15 4 or 15 6

so, we comes with two values 154 and 156 the middle term is 155 the square of 155 is 24025 24336 is less than 24025 So the required answer should be (less than 155) 154.

To find square root of any no. upto 2 decimal places x = y z

y must be that no. whose square root is known = y z 2y Find 156 156 = = 144 + 12 144 + 12 2144 = 12 + 12 2 12 = = 12 + 0.5 12.5 = = 1 0.1 0.9 = 1 find 0.8 0.8 = = 1 0.2 1 0.2 21 0.2 21

Cube of a two digit Number: Suppose we have to find cube of ab ( a two digit no.) (ab)3 = a3 a 2b 2 a 2b a3 3a2b ab2 2ab2 3ab2 b3 b3

(12)3

13 1

12 2 122 2 4 4 8 2

23 8

(15)3

13 1

12 5 152 5 10 25 50 75

53 125

15

125

1 1 1 3 7 5 3 2 5 7 5 5

(45)3

43 64

42 5 452 80 160 100 200 300

53 125

3 4

1 0 0 1 2 0 2 5 5

6 125 9

4 1

64

240

Cube root 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = = = = = = = = = = 1 8 27 64 125 216 344 512 729 1000 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 = = = = = = = = = = 1331 1728 2197 2744 3375 4096 4913 5832 6859 8000

Suppose we have to find out the square root of 32768. 32 / 768 Step 1 : Step 2 : separate the last three digits check the numbers whose cube ends with 8 Here in this case 2 Step 3: check the number whose cube is nearest smaller than remaining digits Here in this case (3)3 = 27 is nearest smaller than 32

32 768

So, the cube root of 32768 is 32.

Arithmetic progression (A.P) a, a+d, a+2d are said to be in A.P in which first term = a and common difference = d

Nth term Sum of n terms

= =

a + (n 1)d n[2a + (n 1)d] 2

Sum of n terms

n(a + l) 2

where l is the last term

Geometric progression (G.P) a, ar, ar2, ar3 are said to be in G.P in which first term = a and common ration = r

Nth term Sum of n terms

= =

arn-1
a(1 rn) (1 r) , when r < 1

a(rn 1) , when r > 1 (r 1)