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THE CRAFTSMAN
Published Monthly by THE UNITED CRAFTS, 207 South State Street, SYRACUSE,
NEW YORK

Contents
Auguste Rodin
Illustrated

for March MM A
JEAN SCHOPFER AND CLAUDE ANET Translated from the French by IRENE SARGENT FREDERICK Ilixkated FRANK CHOUTEAU BROWN S. LAMB

Commercial

Value of Design Book-plate

Illustrated

A Plea for the Decorative The Insect in Decoration Basketry of the Aleutian A Craftsman House, Concerning

M. I.-VERNEUIL Translated from the French by IIIENE: SARGENT

Islands

Illustrated

C. GADSDEN 3 Illustrated ALICE

PORCHER

Series of 1904,

Number

Cottages and Content

Illustrated

M. RATHBONE

Certain Craftsman Cottages

The lndians of the Franciscan

Missions

Illustrated GEORGE DOUGLAS

WHARTON VAN DR.

JAMES

Success and Failure in Craftsmanship Rene Ealique

Illustrated

DENBURGH H. IUDOR

A False Effort to be Fine : Manual Training Canvas Curtains with Linen Applique Chips Book Reviews
-

Series

Illustrated

Illustrated

25

CENTS

SINGLE

COPY

::

BY

THE

YEAR,

$3.00

Copyright, 1904,by GUSTAV STICKLEP. Entered November 18.1902, at Syracuse, N. Y., as second-class matter

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A WOMANS

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The Last Word

Fe&i0 n

66The Final

and

True

Note

of

Spiritual
Post

Liberty
to

is the tribute

of the NewYork.Evening

REL'IGIONS OF AUTHORITY
By AUGUSTE SABATIER
Late Dean of the Protestant Faculty of Theology in the University of Paris

It attacks the formulas of Infallibility, whether Papal (the Roman Catholic dogma) or Biblical (the weapon of Protestantism) ; it makes an appeal for the souls experience as the only guide to pure Christianity. Cloth, ho.
Postpaid, $3.62: net, $3.50

d<A book

which

cannot

fail

to command
reviewing

attention

says the Bishop

of Ripon,

Evolution

MAN'S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE

By the last of the great win, -the codiscoverer group containing Spencer, Huxley, Tyndall, Darwith the latter of the law of Natural Selection,-

ALFRED

RUSSEL WALLACE

who advances the startling view that the earth is the only habitable planet, not only in the solar system, but in the whole stellar universe.
Postpaid,

$2.62;

net, $2.50

The Family

Ready

in

March:

BY-THE FIRESIDE
CHARLES WAGNERS LATEST WORK
The relations of home, of husband and wife, parent and child, brother and sister, master and servant, are here treated by the simple, wise Alsatian clergyman, to whom President Roosevelt said : I preach your books to my countrymen.

Politics

THE SHAME

OFTHE
STEFFENS

CITIES
they and

By LINCOLN

These articles originally appeared in McClures Magazine, where excited keen interest by their revelations of municipal corruption, their accounts of practical remedies. Postpaid, $1.32; net, $1.20

Can

you

tell the %ood

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Ones?

An impartial, plain account, forcing its conclusions by the mere array of facts, is

Economics

TRUSTS
McClure,

QF TODAY, by Gilbert H. Montague

Postpaid, $I .32; net, $1.20

Phillips
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& Company,
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French CourtMemoirs
FROM Henry of Navarre to and through the reign of Du Barry (whose personal memoirs ,occupy four of the volumes) this set of books covers the backstairs-and-kitchen-gossip side of French Court history much as Guizot covers its outward manifestations. And where so much THE REAL MADAME DUBARRY was set afoot with secret and obscure design, where so little was open and above-board where boudoir counsels diciated treaties and the wounded vanity of favorites instigated campaigns, where a low-born womans caprice could set forth the torch to lay waste the half of Europe, it is impossible to comprehend the curious events of history without knowing the intimate details of those underlying causes. It is characteristic of these Memoirs that in dealing with the peculiar affairs which are associated in every ones mind with French Court history of the period, their very simplicity and frankness purges them of all offence. The undersigned controls a few sets of these personal French Court Memoirs (translated with fidelity into English)., which can be secured, in complete sets only, at a very low price, and on small monthly payments, if preferred, provided applications be made at once. These few copies are from a limited numbered and registered de Zuxe edition, bound up to sell at $10.00 a volume. But through a binders error the leather of the volumes is imperfectly matched, consequently it becomes advisable to dispose of them outside of regular subscription channels,and J. B. CHADBOURNE, 11 East 16th St., New York at a price about equal to the value Please send me particulars -advertisement in of the unbound sheets. A bookMarch CRAFTSMAX. let fully describing the edition will be sent, together with price Name .-.-._._..-.-----.-.~.~.-.~.~.-.. _ ._.._._.........____....~....~.~...___ particulars, if you sign and send Addren _.____..._._._.._.___.__._...______.~....___________________.~.~.~.~.~. the inquiry slip at once.
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E have searched the libraries of the world in vain for some adequate work which not only tells of the ancient history of our greatest nations, but also joins their past with their present! bridging the chasm of the ages, and showing how all these peoples live to-day, with descriptions of their scenery, their cities, their home life, their dress and manners, their emotions, legends and habits, their works of art, their sciences and inventions,-volumes which give an authentic history of the people, places, and cities themselves.

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The work is elaboral&l~ illustrated with more than three hundred full-page photogravures upon Japan Vellum. There are a large number of color illustrations done by hand in water colors. The most wonderful part of the illustration is the actual color photography which appears in of them. In every sense of the word they are high-grade de luxe books. They are ioyal library size. crown octave. averaging about three hundred and fifty pages each. The paper is a fine, specially made laid deckle-edged paper, and each leaf is water-marked. The margins are exceptionally wide, and the volumes are stitched at both the head and *tail bands with silk. This edition is registered, numbered and limited.

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Will buildor complete your Ilbrary. But you mct write us at once because the holiday drain has left u wth only a few qets of some of these beauuful books.

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A NEW DEPARTURE IN THE MAKING OF BOOKS Unm,nn.3 In Am IllYe hr>nkE nnlv Ir,,, ,,I, t*,vrrmn+~in f,,,, ---.. . . . I ,,,,,,,,, . .I --.. _-... .-ll-p*Cr
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These books are full octave (8 x 5 Inches). The paper is a pore white wove stock, special1 manufactured It is trade very for these rditlons light. to save as muc Y I as possible m the weight of the books, but is opaque. D,\T \s to prevent the type showing through. The printing has been carefully of ink and prevent off setting don: on slow-speed presses to secure a proper distribution .I___^^ .._^ I.^.._ A :.. -Ierlr -A n+hnrc i ,A*..,, h,.., h.,l$ m,\*nrrfi ti-

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ENTIRELY AN TO

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for

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YOU GET A to build, furnish and Handicraft Movement

We will mail you The Craftsman for one year, and send you postpaitl any $1.50 book advertised on the page opposite, put up in a Tabard Inn Library case, for $43.00. The price of The Craftsman alone is $3.00 a year, and the hook you choose will be a copy of the very latest publication in fine cloth binding.

You Save
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MAGAZINE for one year which gives a knowledge decorate your home, and which keeps you in touch the world over.

In addition, YOU HAVE YOUR CHOICE OF ONE ROOK from a list made up of the latest and best fiction, the possession of which carries with it a permanent exchange privilege. The saving to you will be beyond computation, for it will extend as long as you continue to be a reader of books. After you are through reading this volume put it back in its Tahard Inn case, take it to any Tabard Inn station in the world-there are many thousands of them-and by the payment of an exchange fee of five cents (SC.) you can turn in your book and receive any book on the library shelves. If you prefer, keep the book always-it is exchangeable at any time.

7% e Service
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CRAFTSMAN,

c raftsman

Building.

Syracuse,

/v. Y.

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Send any Ghe

Your Check for $3 and receive one of These Books and Craftsman for One Year
.
Charles Major

A FOREST HEARTH . . . . COLONEL CARTERS CHRISTMAS . THE LITTLE SHEPHERD OF KINGDOM THE DAUGHTER OF A MAGNATE BARLASCH OF THE GUARD . . HESPER . . . . . . THE HEART OF ROME . . . THE ADVENTURES OF GERARD . THE LONG NIGHT . . . . THE LMAIDS OF PARADISE 1 j THE ONE WOMAN . . e . THE SHERRODS . . . . THE CALL OF THE WILD . , . THE WEB . . . . o . MR. SALT . . . m . . THE DUKE DECIDES SHE THAT HESITATES . . . SALLY OF MISSOURI JOHN BURT . . . o o . PIGS IN CLOVER . . THE RELENTLESS CITY THE SILVER POPPY . . WHEN I WAS CZAR . . 1 . THE BOSS . . . . . . REBECCA OF SUNNYBROOK FARM
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Many are Increasing Their Salaries

This message is addressed chiefly to men and women who are earning less than $25 a week. Business men, however, may find interest in the proposition, and advantage in taking it up. Advertising is an uncrowded profession. It pays better, especially to the beginner, than any other profession. Theres a keen demand for men and women who can write business-bringing announcements. Graduates of the Elmer Helms course in advertising have They are occupying lucrative positions, been very successful. because theyve been properly equipped.

THEY

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Here are four recent graduates :

This is a correspondence course. Rut the instruction is personal-theres not a form letter among the forty or more that each pupil receives. Every pupil is instructed according to individual needs. Every letter is personally dictated by myself. I will want about forty new pupils within the next six weeks, to take the place of who those who will graduate during that time. I prefer earnest men and women-those are willing to do some t&nkinr about the work presented to them in my printed matter and personal letters. If you are one of that kind, write to me, and Ill tell YOU more about my methods for helping you to a much larger salary.

ELMERHELMS, Room 74,ll E. 16th St., New York

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:. SYRACUSE, NEW YORK

PHOTO-ENGRAVING
EAST GENESEE STREET

Illustrations for all purposes Book Illustrations and Catalogue Work executed in Half-tone and Line work + Special designs made and estimates furnished upon request
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F. A+ S. S T 0 R E R
THE PLATES in this issue of THE CRAFTSMAN WERE MADE BY US

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You

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THE HOUSEBEAUTIFUL
IF YOU WANT TO MAKE YOUIZ HOME ATTIIACTI\E

It is a monthly furnishing, describes successful

magazine houses

which

gives you all the newest hangings, window from $800 to $4,000,

ideas

in decoration wall-papers

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It prints articles on arts and crafts, and tells you how to make furniture, of them. baskets, weave rugs, make bead bags and candle shades, and a thousand other things for yourself and what money: lished. Regular and your home. and are It shows practical devoted by illustrations what other magazine people have done

you can do. It shows

it is interesting departments

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pubYork,

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Comments

Home Economics, Department, Seen in decoration Collectors and Interests

The Home Garden, Outdoor in the Shops, Art and Artists, furnishing (china, answered silver, pewter, by experts furniture,

Work for Questions etc.).

Women, Housekeepers and Answers (problems Arts and Crafts,

free of charge),

Th 1 House Beautilol is a ma?wine which no woman interested in the beauty of her home can afford to be without. It is full of suggestions for house building. howe decor.+tlng and iurnisbmg, and is qually valuable for people of large or sn1all iCOK5. ELLEN M. HENROTIN, er-Pres. iV,zt. Fed. of l+omr~~s ChrJs. Its readers all qav It is a work remarkahlv worthy, thorough and useM. The magwine costs *z.M) R vex. But to have you test its YBIUP,for 50 cents we vail send it to YOU lor three future months, mcludmg the great April Country House Number, the largest of the year. Enclose 50 cents and address

HEKBERT
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STONE,
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Gbe

January and February hues were toithin a feti days of publicafion.

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POh!lPILIA . %y Robert Brow~~iq, -with an Introductiolz by Arthur Symons . By Fiotjoll(z iv1 trcIc,od DEIRDRE AND THE SONS OF USNA BJ iqioun i\lrrckod Tkili DIVINE ADVENTURE THE CITY OF DRk4DFUL WiHT . . * Bs jhms 7/zumon

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Record Time to a Warmer

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Leaves Chicago 7.00 p. m., Kansas City 9.50 a. m. daily, December 20 to April 14. Arrives Los Angeles 1.45 p. m., third day thereafter.

Southern

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Every car is lighted by electricity Every car is new and was built especially for this servxe. and cooled by electric tans In the observation and buffet-smoking-ltbrary cars are thelatest magazines, illustrated weeklies, as well as the Chicago, Kansas City, Topeka, El Paso and There is a pair of powerful field glasses in the observation car. Fwe Los Angeles daily papers. The highest point en route is oclock tea is served every afternoon m the observatmn car. oint on any other trans-continental line. Greatest several hundred feet lower than the highest the hne NIIS through a advantage of all--almost all the way from I! ansas City to Los Angeles Equipment includes country where the winters are so mild as hardly to be worthy of the name. buffet-smoking-library and observation cars standard and compartment sleeping cars, diner, through to Pasadena, Santa Barbara and San Francisco. an &-page book describing State, Sent for six cents 1x1 stamps. Traffic The Manager. CHICAGO. the notable scenery,

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THE
v 01. 1
AUGUSTE THE FER RODIN. CRAFTSMBN AND CLAUDE FROM SARGENT.
THE MAN AND

CRAFTSMAN
MARC H
1904

No.

WRITTEN BY JEAN ANET;

FOR SCHOPTRANSBY

chorus.

But finally, excited by

Rodin

has triumphed. a new I unknown learning what that priinand

Not

only has he given

to the world a hitherto

pulsation beauty, of through

LATED IRENE

THE

FRENCH

but we can take from and energy and what arose struggles from

him a lesson in

fortitude

vations genius reaches glory.

HIS WORK

A
strong blonde tered j arch of

Rodin exhaustible strength, although year, a

the people: of virgin

MAN

who

appears

to be in the

reservoir

purity

fullness

of his powers,

and of latent greatness. At the Museum,

He was aniexcept

he has passed stout,

his sixtieth but

born in 1840. mal sculptor, structor, when clay. At entered ,sculptor skill, period, but the

he followed

robust as an oak, of middle height, athletic; covered by a long salt, a prominent eyes a powerful forehead deep Rodin

the classes of Barye,

the distinguished his powers of

broatl-shouldered, beard, few

who was, it is said, a poor inhis handful of of modeling

neck, a face half through grains of

never revealing

which age has scat-

he seized

nose, characteristic clear and small, the

and well modeled, set beneath a high

approach

his twenty-fourth Carrier-Belleuse, possessed At with a of this the art.

year, Rodin,

in order to gain his livelihood, by fashion,

eyebrows, reflection

the :studio favored the young work : This nose.

upon
to-clay.

which

has ploughed is Auguste

furrows : such phjrsically

devoid Of originality. student produced The man

his first

,411 his life he has struggled, not yet relax his efforts. against organized France: tute, long art which are him all those forces the School

and he can

important broken

He has seen rise of official and so powerful in the Instiof the message

was a well-conceived of antique as might continued After at Brusand BelExthe work

and powerful have the gian been for of war

bust, worthy

Sent to the Salon, it was refused, foreseen, IWO, and Rodin we find him to work the popular sculptor.

of Fine Arts,the He has experienced trials

the Salons. and

severe preliminary He astonishes, into

man who has a new and powerful to deliver. dalizes. entrance forced and Further

sels, occupied artists change. At the age in the Man

with other French in decorating

shocks and scanhe has been About each jests, sarcasms

the Stock hc, for

than all this, from his very

his profession,

of thirty-seven, of the bronze

to earn his daily bread. cries have joined

first time, exhibited

a very important age,

work that he has exhibited hostile

which he

in mocking

sent to the salon of 1877.

This was an ad-

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
t,he great -those ture,-were ITine Arts, of%%1
In

mirable figure which arrested and held puhlit attention. It is thus seen that Rodin and truly for that he has followd have done. had no master, no school. He as all men the uniindwelop-

artists of the nineteenth whose nnmcs not nurtured

century fuof

have an assured at the School violently

were not mru~bers of the Instiopposed and Rousand worked, EugPne solitary

has, so to speak, created himself, great superficial minds to obserw

tute, but, on the contrary, doctrines,

painting,

It is disconcerting

indcpcndcnt,

throughout

their entire lift. Delacroix,

portant, part played

in the artistic

mcnt

of

a country

by the higlwr

h~hoolh, cs-

SC'illl,

31; Ilct,

(OlWt,

Puvis

Ck

(lI:L\.:Lllllf3,

which our epoch ronfidcncc

pCllSC.

50 greatly whwc

honors with its the Go\crninent a universal from al1 that

anwiig Rude,
tiOl1,

the illustrious CarI)lli-l:lstlv, force,

th

dead;
in

in sculpture, Rodin,
\dlO

and maintains Ii1 France,

at such grwt

Augwte
OllJ~ hf.0 lll,?StWS

who. in crentiw
SlWJSSC

richness of invcncent.ury. It is

ha?r tlonc much for tlic cauhe of art, where tlw whoo1s and aratleiuies liaw rq~ut:~tion ccniiitric~, 590 ant1 attract it mu4 ntutlcntk

preccdctl Geniiis c:lpiMc

him

in the

nineteentli

has little need of professors. of rccognixing

still hc rwqnixcd

its own in the past.

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AITG7SrF:
,lncl then for its development, it has the

ItODIN
ance with lrih own ide:ls and pleasuw, it was only National 3Itlrs) scn~, section angrily that after the (Salon foundation annually. of Society of the Champs an d the de Even of the al-

Ilard sc]lool of life, the best one that exists. struggle that a distinctive It is through personality establishes itself and ~CCOIIICS c(jl~sci()uS of it,s 01531 powers. Roclin llils not escaped
TVllC31 The

he exhibited

in the new Salon, where he was, in a certain fierce trials primitive of 1877, and man this in his own house, as president of sculpture, his works The artist discussed. were still having

opposition. ,I:21s c~]jil)it(~(l at the Salon

to work. ~11011~ disobedient conventional formulas, strong in truth because novel cism. and simplicity, of these revolutionary, rumor arose and, ext.liat qualities,

and A

cited a furious

storm of criti-

tllc statnc had been cast after nature : a charge cover its meaning. c,ridcnt minutes without tinct,ion, contrary, through
strongest

so unrcasonFor it is after tllat five

CilSt-

:Ible that it is difficult to disto anyone, reflection, accent, and

ing always gives effects, vigor, that, on of

dull, the art the the or a

or dis-

the mission exaggeration characteristic, of a body

is to express, to make evident

very nature, limb. If after a living differences

a cast of the nude model be placed the

upoll

beside a nude by Rodin, will thrust eyes. Nature. most prejudiced and will, neither the works of will are the capital Rodin criticism, easily

themselves

the in

most attained
1liLVing

the age of sixty famous

years,

and the

Art is indiriduality is apparent

become

throughout

of which

world, saw one of his most important the statue of Balzac, of public indignation, and the colleagues among

works,

Individualit\ I and which man, as the creahimself from of

excite such a tempest his curious of the representatives their

tor of art, brings to his work. exonerated accusation. to work this unreasonable Careless

press-who upon Rodins

for a fortnight to concentrate Balzac,-that

ceased all other attacks the committee

war of words

he continued

in accord-

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of tbo Society clarinfi

of JIen of I.cttcrs, rcfuscd Ralzac. tllc sculptor

which had it, dc-

self to his guest ; uncovering his OMIIworks, and conimrnting with tlw ingcnriousnc+ one who,

and showing upon thcnl of their to the the

ortlcrcd the statiic. tend to rcprescnt Xewrthclcss, found, cwn enthusiastic and literary the strength

to accept

that the figure rould in no wise preso critic&d, of his career, and of

and cwthusinsm pcrceiws

at tllnt
this fine? he

instant,

heaLnt;v for the first time. Isnt say. figure inarb10, lit tloes ncii hesitatc his it. hand over He turns And
ilS

at the beginning

admirers ; eren then, art critics men asserted the grandeur of his talent. The fame

paw3

if caressing the It&cling

upon

stool, in order to

Rodin

is cstablishcd

to&~.

Throughout as the master of

display favorahlc simply

it at another light.

angle

and in a more vanity, but

the world, hc is recognized modern sculpture.

I 1liLVC

Such action seen Rotlin in his Parisian week, he reof Prohim-

does not esprcss

the inclependcncc

of t.hc artist frown As long as long as

often

the work whrn once it is finished. as it exists only in his thought, it is witllin him, it is sacred;
SWfXt

st.udios, in which, ceivcs, visit him. his welcome of low

5%

once werv

with open doors, The grace are quite

those who wish to indescrib:~hle. hc dwotcs

then he gives and in the to him, it with an

and the simplicity

birth to it in fever and anguish, of his brow. in nlarhle, it becomes is an independent a stranger

Rut once that it stands being, animated

ridcd that hc tliscorw for artistic

in his visitor a spark

things,

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i*l(li\j(l],ill

],f($

.>

TI.lllCll

IlC couSidws

:\S II<!

tlOcS that,

diJiLpp:lr,

:m(l

tllc

scYll},tor follows

only

the pcrso11s 1)~ ~~11om11~is surrounded:

itlcw of art. which

ihitl thus hc liws

WC

in :I world
not be

is to say, oh~jcctively.
It Iio(]i]] is 2~11 iqjirat.iOll (]isc()ursc up011 t0 IlC:U iL lll:Lll FVC SllCll :LS Our

is closc~l to us.
or

111ust

i~StOl1isllc~cl S[W:lkS SO t0

cY~llfuscd tllcrcforc,
but.

if nllcn he
him.

art,.

live

11s IVC

IliLlf

llntlcrst:ultl

,lilrro~~ ]iv(v+ :u~d walk like animals

of bur-

COl~lll1Ol1

St:LlldillYl exists

for llim and us. IJIO~CS of .thou&

glC,ll,lvllosc V~CSarc half-covcrctl ,3,.s. poillt. of aim. \\c SCC bcyontl 0111owl
Aid

with blindour objective

But if wc

ulakc

cffort, to rise to llis Icycl, we wit11 nw

us oiil?

enrich oursclvcs

pWsona1 point
from

the

iilfiuitc

kpectdc

of tlling5

wc isolate

.I

the only ot),jects which intcrcst idea.

ppi,i

Jllc artist tC!irCllW11s t0

iL wi(ler itlltl

liighcr

view

of tilings.
is to

JIis true function

:Llld t0 tIXllS-

:L~)pL<YiiLtC

I;&, the bwut. pcrv:i(lin,g, often llitltlcii

whicli froi,i

is allit our is inkllO\V 1 .,z

although
WC

cspcric~lc~~~tlcycs.
Illl1ll~~ll

fliLlllt.
OrgXIlid

Modern
tll:Lt WC

lift
Ilaw

is of

So

this suprcbiiic l)eilUt~ only

Til,gucSt iillprfrct,

t IIt,
lllost

conception, attcnt ion

the solely WC

knowledge.

11~ fis

our

~ipon tlic fact and the esprcssion of t,lic wuntcnancc.

CiLll not

1 1; of tile and, by that very lll~alls, WC amplify heighten our personality. to hc with Rodin, his This is ~~hg it is good point and

apprcciatc leg,

well and

moclclcd swlling
ill1

the supple

line of the hips, the articulation \Ic hart no acquaintance rscopt studying such as results through the living nude. which

arm.

with tllis

beauty, from thclcss,

study of works of art. it is the human

WC are prohibited Severis the the In pressubject, body

to talk with him, to att(lljJ)t to reach WC illustrate sufficientlr to the reader

of view and to share his enthusiasms. hcrc a numbc~r of his works,

to COlm~ll1IliCi~tC Cntliusiasm

fundamental

theme of sculpture.

large

ence of tlkis great and dignified ideas of modest?- inculcated

who sllall have

followed

US,

by (hristianity

when he shall find himself in the presence of

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that world of beings hrcatbcd Rodin the breath

into which Rodin of lift.

has

studio of the sculptor tiful.

are original

and beau-

does not. live in Paris. and models

He simply In t,be morn-

He lives alone at the smlnnit of a dcclivity, fire hundred which In front paces pa5scs distant from the his llighway, house. broken at the rear of This

works there each afternoon. ing he studies

at his home in

of his garden of ?(leudon these

the soil is

and crunlbling. From

is the site of which are now result There which, city, garden of island the inof

the old quarries abandoned. complctc solitude

conditions

and t11c absence of houses of tile landscape. little villas c\cr_v walls of large the of the

in the foreground in sion. spreads dolent dIcudon Iiciglits, the suburbs l~cpd the curves,

arc none of those ugly ;LggrcssivCl\~ display

bad taste and prctenpanorama the

admirable

Seine, the rircbr of beautiful surrounding caressing the Jillancourt,

scrpentinc,

neighboring which dates masses of line hy Montfrom

and its ruined bridge, there arc the llarmonious of Me&on

iLt the

froni the time of Louis SK. the groves

; then, upon the

and of Saint Cloud, horizon of like a bound

\vhicll arc tcrininat~cd the hill upon ready

SWll

which cro?!clrcs, the

to

at,tack,
is

forti-css

\al&it~n. the 1:mdscapc Never, its cffccts. risible Kodins windows. mingle day lrcbsaid to me, Masses of light init

dock it rcpcat
illld shade

there in proport~ions ahnost each hour,

finitclv it.

diverse.

1 ncvcr weary of studying and

Each Rodin

clothes itself with new beauty. has for his dwelling by dogs. a small buildAt the right, which we the ing of brick
Figure V. Statue in Rodins garden

and white stone, the entrance beyond This the residence portion, was formerly

of which is guarded and advanced here M&e illustrate. Kodin seekare and

Meudon, ing

to which

he returns

at evening,

after the hard labor of the afternoon; there the solitude and calm which dwelling so dear to him.
5X

t.hcre is an immemse studio-museum

The suburban

erected in the Cours-la-Reine

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for the Exposition jcctions

of 1900.

It is an esFurtherlights

scarcely
Nll

larger, each one, than a monks cell, no less in their simplicity stool. than walls. Rut it is

Alnple of the neo-classic

style, with bold proare accentuated,

d monastic

and a heavy entablature.

in their size, with their whitcwaAed a rude scat and a modeling few of shelves of

1,1ore, the details in relief the shadows

arc deep and the high

a detail to be noted that upon the walls are

fkctl il

The structure is cntircly roofed strong. \\*ith glass, and is further lighted by large l):Lys on each of the sides, esccpt containing the entrance, in classic style, opening scribed. 111 front small walls, of of tile btudio ta 0 cncloscd as far
Ill upon

thick antique glass,

mirror-glass ornaments, and color small

:Llld

which .support csquisitc fragments

nl0(lcrll colito~ir.
VilSeS

the one

iridcsccnt
and cwrrs

which is a portico upon the splendid

of lovely frail

Tlrcsc fen ol)jccts,

and pcr-

scene which we have earlier dc-

gardens, extend

1))
one a

as the

abantloncd
tllclll,

quarries.
croucliing

ped&l,
Ihlddll;L

WC find f roll1 his of

a the

superb Indowho calm of wcrc the of the a little of a great in which in transfeet, assume in this bare and narrow an importance ceive. Rodin who, wearing a broad Panama, was conducting said to me: there There throng of come hours when I can not work It contains Their too great a weighs 531 statues. glance in the large studio. me through his possessions, room which it is not easy to con-

Chinese temple of Kmer, projects upon Paris. blooming

Asiatic god,

Oriental the region

tlic delicately When,

veiled at-

mosphere

last summer, I geraniums of to

visited Rodin,

at the feet
as an

offering

the

modern
divinity,

sculptor

forrign simple striking

whose strong produced in this

outline effect spot city.

cultivated modern several Behind

in the suburbs

the museul11, is a studio are occupied

workmen

lating into marble the works in clay mod&d by the hand of the master. Finally, ture. at the side of the garden, is a low, elongated, mvstcrious little strucy In the interior there are two rooms

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THE
upon Then, me and puts me under

CRAFTSMAN
emotion which seized me when I approached first the group peopled upon of the Burghers The effect
of Calais,

constraint.

I come here to recover my composure outlined invain the But, me, heart It

in the calm of these little cells. Here he showed me the roughly bust of an American was wopking riably, at that time. woman upon which he Almost

and then examined the gallery. the spectator

the small groups

which

produced

was that of something, which profoundly and silent.. of him grave the

new, great, Fifteen I Rodins

unexpected,

he said, there is intelligence casting a long look

moved him and left hesitat,e in

faces of the women of this nation. he added, finished there evidenced head which he turned

years have passed, and, still to-day, crossing threshold studio: so powerful is the contact. the domi-in tem-

at the ,untoward of

is, furthermore,

kindness

of the masters thought. In the work of this sculptor, nant element is not serenity. of the modern pest. world, genius He is the type

in the countenance

of this model.
to express.

That is what I shall attempt is a difficult task.

who creates

Other artists have lived far from the and, from the height solitary agonized of their ivory and isolated of the cries They of development have followed, fancies. groveling The

THE WORK

OF RODIN.

tower, Rodin is by and How is it in infrom their throng

HE

artistic

production

of

men, the harmonious

almost

completely

represented

lneans of casts in the great light. production created of of Rodin! When

studio-

in the depths below them did not the hard . by sorrow, ploughs gaze has

museum, which is flooded by abundant equalized The artistic presence

did not reach their altitude. see the faces furrows faces this. upon point distorted which passion

upon pallid has seen all felt descend ,

shall we speak of it? of works

one enters the by genius, as one might palace more

and the eloquent He,

of eyes which

can no longer weep. him the talons

But Rodin of

not natural to be overwhelmed, be on the threshold which more tense? half everything beautiful, perceive should greater, a superior

as an artist,

a fairy richer, world,

the world-sorrow. beyond the pagan he holds sin, are of himof in a of

be progressively

Therein,

he has advanced his work. because by

of view, which, nevertheless,

In the best moments of our lives we we wish to we are in

throughout ovcrwhehned, heightened happier

He understands his sufferings memory lost. placed

and he shows the human being the despairing of a Paradise has deliberately pleasure,

stricken and

enter it, we feel that for an instant worthy not joys to comprehend understood, before before to

things which we have participate

things,

denied to us, that we can seat of those who In in a the to divinity. about the

But Rodin templated life, luminous fauns, joy,

ourselves at last at the banquet approach most closely

self in the midst of life. the glory the play

He has also conthe loveliness courses aspects.

I have long known the work of Rodin. co-operation year 1889, private with Claude Monet, he arranged an exhibition

of the nude displayed the wild of satyrs,

atmosphere,

and love in both.

gallery,

and I shall never forget

its permitted

and its forbidden

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www.historicalworks.com

point of view, to Iiii(lcr4i~l~(l lli~ coiiccptioii

Of tllrl

world

iJ)Ollt

him. It is th
tllC lllO?t

Ihlity
CSilCt

for IjiirI i\ all itI dl. World,

fRllllP.

imiigc of t1lC VXtCl?l;ll and Rodin varied nlinrltv

lllllllilll

collll)l<+c
\tlTlCtlll*C

ktl~\vl~~lg~ of With

the this

Of tlhe

>tructurC infinit(~ly

i,

pc~rfcdly

acquainted, Ilc In&r-

not only wllc~l it is in r(l)oy(. but also in its nlovcm(7ltc;.

sul)pl~~

\t:Lndhtllc* I)l:iy of tllv

illuscles which
1liwllloIlie~ wat
ollc

15 iircl tlicir course l)cnc:ltll tlrc flcshv tissue. I I(* i, 3csn\itivc> to the hcax4 -l)onhiv(* to ~liglltcst \~l~icli tllty ~~1gyptioi~ I?;ivcvl to 1Ic
tllc

ill1 IllOw
il,lly 1~1~0ws

tllc
SYh-

tcm or tlivi~ioli of tllclll.

~tlYl<~t~llXl htCl.CthOf

also the
~)Ollch

COllCWLlt!d

whicli 110ltltllcb tl?lIIlCI upright ; how tllcv iire joiiicci

I IV

togvth1

21~1

tlrc f~liiction of CW~L

(ICgCllCYilC~ age or floiii of

ll;lh htucliccl tllc

froir~

the body the license

wliid1 rc9ulth wbicli

~Olltll

of tllc 1)iissiorih, ah well 2s thcb beauty with

il1lClh(~:lltll d0Yll

tllc firm

Illus-

rlcs of tliv growing

li?illit~

hr. iy ii universcin his imagiaccuse

for ii great a&t existent

limitless, itiytcrious, Ii&m.

12odin of ilh vrllgikr

1 cwr11cl nisll that tlwsc wllo

I.~Ylli~lll, up011 il

might hih
Owl1

listen to work. I
of

Ilim, 4ill
two

11(x collllllc~llth

IIciLI. fi.glllY~>.

Ilim (~splililling ,\ yormg

Of

little group

girl Is it

iy .sc:tted in an Toward or all

ilh I t l~~w. il

iittitude suggestive

ilWi~kLllil1g.

lwr lwndk II figure.

genius

i~ngcl who touclic~ llih lip< to Iicr

to Call her l)ilCk t0 life?

Thih

is

tlie

hod,

awakened

by a kisy.

after the close of the earthly prihed to (lihcover that Love tlic lift bevoncl the tomb.
On

life, and surstill exists in

entering

tlic stlltlio-lllrlsclll11, on findof thi, people of tlw Morld with out upon

ing ones self in the Ill&t \tatueh looking

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www.historicalworks.com

SorrOwful, glance, the duced one from colossd

or
Ithor

YCt

wit11 at and of t11e

<illlll~

rc~trainctl tl1ougl~t has of pro-

fr0nl ing of

tllc htlwgglc, fmri th the contwt

:11ltl tllc Clilv cquisitc, sister tcrrihlc or,

still quiverThen. like that

and the

is itpp:1llcd his bmin

tlw licnrt,

of it:. 11i:ister.
mtl

lllilll

WllO

tllerc :11c~lllilll groupi,

iii an-f111

l3rotllcl antI child, for clc~ignctl

Jlotlicr ~iowtc,

and of
of

paHell. for m and

Tlw

tl1c Gate scrics

11po11 wlGcl1 Nodin

IllitllV VCillS ; tllC11,

11>1slwcn working
dS0, tlW

l<ihQ* *whicli otlw of

Fa1111,

nppwirs or single t1w aid

in several figurc~, slender,

forms, the

groups ICill1lh,

like the Fdl Fen& :mtl tlkc and xldrawn Finally. :t sinonly 21 the lqp, ih, plane5 Even feet, There Ihpair,

Tritoiis, Spllin\;,

so sripplc flicy, or the

I,orc~

Fate tllc fair

~01l\.illCh(~~Llt~,

lra~cr, of Friulpis stutliw, tllc

pilllillg
fro111 tllcb tlwrc
llollh ill72

Hc;w~nibe~
})ourl

:I cli:w:wter Villon. frag~1&s,

\.iLliOllS

iir( ~ldclieh,
figrllY>

of nllicll

intliwtctl,

il Icg

wit11 tense tlw

muscles, is fur-

Contol-ted

;L1111. case

a WliLSNl torso.

RliL*\
nihlictl
Fiwlrc S.
:11111>, Icwt,rnit-I:li-f aI Ill\-i-. <It. (II:I\-annos :UllOllg

wit11 wliiclr tilled

411&o

art hitlid

wit11 d(hil~: in xliicli :

in ill1 pwitions.
Cil.S,('

tl!c OtllCl.h. :I
:L

olle scc5

tr>L\.ilil, This failure, with that, sort Hugo;

c!Illlx~rll~g, drcn;

tllis

iini1icnsc of creating, forms,

p0wCr

tllrong witlwut anti

of

lwings. or

l)CldliLp
iin(l 1(*11gtll,
in

l~rmtlrctl
ill1

tharfh,

ill all position5

stlTtclwl
at

pom2r signi in order to Rdmc,

ti1tigur
:ulcl

with
lcpm?,

csprchhionh

wtalixcd

of port raying
dliLllltlS

COlltlYlCt~Vl~

sllpplic:tting,
0Ilc

blessing. prc1likS

tllc passiolh posscsscs

tlllXiltC!llil~~,

11111sc1llilr. or flesllwit II rcm:~rk:ct~lc

IllC
111:111 \VllO

of 11111~1tu~ity, Itodin

to sucl1 dc~grcc wc 1111istrcthe T7idoi Of t,llc his

I.US-

IW5,

lllol(lCtl

OilCll

to find his supcrior.5, to Shnkcsyc Broiim for Cgolino unfinished

thC

. . ciwm studictl
hi!.Y :

:uitl tlrc Sow

intcwsity. lw5t I know

1~1 to Dante. age,

ilnport:ult

ptwts

of now

the can I

Illcrc

arc the tlrstiiiccl (oui1t the still

I11111lii1i l)otly (JIII ClYYltc.

\r-it11 hiicli :i lore

of truth.

tlIC Gikldcll

and undcrst;1ntl:

:inti Wl&r:ltccl

cliilgrollp

inonun11~11t of : n11111cro11s wit11

tllr

I11vis of
t)llSth

dC

(lliLViLIIlICS, 13llrg:~c~l5

ttw
l!pll

of tlierc
l;Ct.\VcY~ll

(&is wmiltl
till>

s \l1-111.

[KYlc~sttlli, whicll that

artist

:LIC trlilt<d

sucll
bCCll

Yigor
:L :

sec~u to II:LI.CI
:trt

COllll~i~t

iht

:~lltl

,\lYHb: great4 artist,

is for of

Kotlin

the To

first her

nntl all ib

tcdwrs. \c~~tile.

n11ist 11:~~ rccource.

She

Clay

thv

l~:lrillg

,gl11~ tortli

victol

c*ntl~lriiigly

Iwlutifrll,

cll;tngcful.

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Szltllrct

is

mlr

tcachcr.

Ihis

St~~tel~lCllt

,cont;,iiis il truth aggravating trit(~llCSS. l]le &tructors

,v]lic]) f.y!(,S, c]erltS : c.ol~~clltion:llislll is

IWCfLUSC

of its
d0 IlOt Stll-

of tlic sc1wols in
dOlrli1lilllt,

I)ocs tlic work remain to bc donc T needful Saturc? an ctcrnal Saturc cciitriry Saturc ciiiit a-orks. to seek non- to copy, lnisrifidcrstiliitlin,rr. Tlicrc

Is it

rc>]jc%;ltinfi this ])rccCpt

t]lc wlllpctitions

to their the lrix

to imitate To copy

for
lllO(lCl,
tllC

de

So, ilrld tlicrc lies the material for leads only to insipid and insignifilircd in the cightccntli who attcmptcd Wlicn to copy upon lie engaged a painter literally.

fio,,,c
-;tuc]icq]
iS lll(jrc of

s]i(i\v us
fly)111 t]lc
lliLtllraliStiC t])ilt ll1OSt

ill\.ariiL~ly liviiig
tllilll

i~Cil(lcl1licS iUlCl

iiothing in
SClli}P

\VOrk

ture

COll\clltiOllill

ilrtiSt,

tll?

reccllt,]y
t]lc

(ICXYYLSN~

JI.

(Zrhie, tlrcn that

memlx2r of Rodin
htter

Inatitutc.

a portrait., lie spent entire .vcnrs in complcthas tllan IltlYC!

:I

()nc
St,lt]ied ()tll<Y iS t]lcL

must twlicvc
Xatlirc

ing it I cvcrytliing the fact which

was pcrfcctly
IVilS

exact as to no accent of re-

otllcr\visc alit1
tllilt ~~ll~ll II< SilyS
tCIlCll(r.

twtli color and form : thcrc was not

11)(11, ill1d fir<ilt

I SiltlIlY

faithfully

tllc

\VOlYlS

Jifcq-clrt poSSvSS

ruicl clrcpcr wnw for liitii tllail tliey

for

tlw

illstrvctors

of tlic Scliool of lwrsclf 10 and lwr llcr in a11 wliicli

])c

I:inc Arts. Snturc hastily con4iint

ilW 0111~

tlocs not yicltl su))clfiCiillly.

sccrcts flccly.
;Uld

It is not ciiou~li to stritly lwr

f:Ltllo111

clepths. it is necessary to iiiiikc scriolls am 1 cFort.

:ipp:wcnt.

Slit iiiust tw lorcd in licr clcforlllitics,

XhOVc

llcrr ltlIiXSt!S9 CvCll consiclcrctl frcsli eves. living rules

1111, SllC! TllIlSt and

without

prcjiltlicc,
fists

wit.11

This is not t]o~ic iii tlic sc11001s, oilc cyc on the the

vvlicrc, if the student,

of

niodcl, IIC consults nit11 tlw 0tlw tlw

:krtiSt proportions

of tlw l~od~- cst;Ji:un]

I~ILIII.1 XI. I<,l.fIX,f I,,,.1

lishctl l)y tlic old (;r~ck sculpt0rs. Tlic

W]m

who tlccplv 10~8 S:lturc

llcr 1ll~il1lill~, soon

pwctrates

rcnlixw

t]l:lt, W~illYlNl:LS iLWllolc,sllcis not inert :111(1 plwlIl('cd;

not

a wrinklc,

liowcrcr

small, not a The

(Icat],

])Ut

ratlwr of

a vitaliec~d organism ; ]I( lift : hc fwls

which was lacking

bllttoll,

from the pirturc,

percciw

in her tlw Vitjratioll. tlw sh~d(h, incsliaristitilc

alld scarcelv ,2 hir.

The ilnitntion

the growth

of Saturc will never be carried farther.

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THE
painters alniost availed tlirection.
llillllC

CRAFTSMAN
th-day moderate ease an ;~grcenhle form of art, and they rcnuh faithful to it. nut one who has more tljan talent, ncvcr remains satisfied with a forlllllla unceasingly Sature higher found once for all ; he strives an interpretation Ilimsclf, of and more personal. as he esskilupon this Subject : 1~ said, things treated, I had and not withmuch trouble and only someone defito reach

W:l:, Scinboltl. His for

1liUllC

unknown. notIling,

piltiCllW,

his labor ih wrong in imitating

Ilc followed

Art does not con&

Let us listen to Rodin pr~sscS himself At first, I lllade,

f111 and adroit, boldly orlt merit. in c\1101 . . . . . . illlhilrs pret . ..

Ijut I felt nieanwhile that I was ,\rt hclicw is not imitation,

that we can create sense. Each

thing ; therefore, Nature translates nition. I

it remains for us to intcrto his individual through great

in :I given

according

I have at last formulated have passed Jlay

my own. trouble,

bait1 Rodin. be a comfort Ciinlilar trials !

thrse words of a master who experience

to all those

Tf WC now desire to learn in what direction Hodin ac

is

has esertrd

this

effort

to in-

tcrpret,
Ilc

shall find that he has devoted and action. If we exdiscover no arrested John Baptist to of
1llilStfr

I~imsi(lf to life, csprcssion tllc amine his work, wc ~ldl 11iotion, no rcpo5e.
\Viill<S,

of action. Saint

trcnllding

\\ ith cli\-ine enthusiasm : of (:LliliS are advancing

tlrc I%llrgllcrs
I~lill+~lY~Olll ilIl( 1, in tlw

; even tllc busts quiver with life, small gro~lp~ of the Gate througll space. bodies, Rodin Greek of bllt, wcll-

Figure XII.
?r;:1tuw.
0111 \VOllld ,ilt uat IlCCCl dkc consists Of tile

statue of Halaav

Iicll, would be

17 e WC a tempest of interlaced and falling

If
of

it wcrc tlms,
artists us. it1 tile significilnt w:l1cll to-thr

~herc
i

contorted
st:ltU:Lly,

Photographs
iLll(l

is the ma.stcr and the poet of action. ah a ~vlio1c~,is a great

: rfposc
It

study

tllc

;ICCCnt-

\jc

find and

thcrcin wlcmn to

certain

ion

Cll:ll~ilCtC~istiC.

CO-OITlillittcd

processions. live, of

dots

not

reside in copying:
1clWHls of tillC!llt

it is purelv tlisrorcr

seTvitli

for the mo5t part. the ~rtb.jccts chosen arc of gods who mmdfwwid superbly

lection. 538

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for,&

at,hletrs

before

t,lre struggle.

And state-

great time
llllLstCrS

artistic
lllilv

past

which the man of and qliestion.

oul

frolll t]lis point of view it is almost t.he same 1vitl-ltllc Middle Ages. AS a general ,,,~~,,t,jvc may say that monumental (()~ltcl~iporallcous sculpture statuary

consult so many solely

What

shollld he

cl1oose?

While instruction cscellent nicdiaeval There

artists linger Rodin the from

over styles
WAS

cl,,C1s not permit violent action and gestures. is more agione perwhat are for or into of Hc at,attitudes, titttx($but if one examine it closely,
1lliLv

of secondary

importance,

sought greatest and the

two

periods in art history. French

He has studied with Greek,

c*csivcsthat there has been cstahlished

(IlIt

results the classic sculpture.

term

a ~epertorz~ stereotgprd conventional falling, has in repose,

of

IvIricll,

like

formulas, gestures kneeling,

are two essential things

which lrc

s(y~rwlg cvcr disregarded. bclcn constituted t]lc illan running, iuld for rising. sclilptlirc the figure Rut Rodin something He has

There have thus or st.ruggling, introduced variety neither

has learned in the art of these epochs, so fax removed the one from the other, and which

new and personal. treated

1~s seen in life

t it utlcs.

an infinite action. action. an

arrested

Iliotion nor completed ~KTILable to register joist. developed powr iwwr pr(Gvc,
iri~llsliltcd

His cyc has From this

the mot.ion which has immcnsc multipliattitudes uncs-

into

has bcforc

resulted s&cd

cation of sculptural cspcctcd, disturbing, from lift

forms : daring 1)~ tllc but

sculptor, wllich

true withal,

new and bcaut.iful,

he hns

into bronze

or marble,

!\lrilc rc~t;lilliI~g the vitdit,y

of the original.

TKAI)ITIOS.

T
SiltiOtlS

HK ;Irtist tlotxs not st:Lntl itlone in tllc prtwncc of Nature. in immortal

they espcricllctd

Others bcforc and works

in

him hare offered interpretations

which

Ila\-t! reeordcd of tllillgs

tile senpresence

ciLl)ablc

of

inspiring

emotion. yet offer so many him who pearances. The first is t,he question of what, may be point5 of resemblance below superficial to aI)t,houexists a penctrxtcs

llrus the technical the artist of to-day times met with

problems

which confront

have confronted There

sallds of artists before

him, and have many

solution.

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THE
called the luminous sculpture. the sculptor While envelope working upon

CRAFTSMAN
the work studio; The placed position future, in the contcmplatc~ cold, and studies light of his his that colorless

of the work of a statue, remember is not to

should

constantly

so continuing statue, under when

until he ,judges finished, dome of ic

t,hat his figure,

when completed,

he can go no farther. usually some esthe glass

hall, where it again

stands, with a studio in tllc rude it in some

hundred companions

or more, in an artificial At the close of the awaiting

light similar to that of the artists which it was crci\tcd. esposition, or&al public it
JMSSCS

on to confront

of full thYligllt squ:Lrc. occurs. produced conwntionnl,

It is then that a rcmnrkablc

plicnomenon exposition,
COIUCS SII~~W~~

This statue which, iii the studio or nt the a certain effect, bcand attenuated, devoid of accent commonplace Tlic figure and disseems to sculponly: being

iLlId vigor,
mediocre. tinctiw

All that was yigorous disappears. in tllc open air. it, forgot instead and

hare dissolved namely,

The of

tor, in executing

one thing

thatt his statue,

seen in the scattered, in the strong park,

id

sifted of

strained or

light of the studio, was destined to be placed full light the square or fifty where the ten, twenty intervening of light. sculptors recRut it is of the If this the the spectator, produce yards

of distance an envelope ognized contrary not simply .stand in the modified light of a studio. this fact is ignored the artist, so absorbed and pressing Rut were all, being

between the statue for the former

The Greek and the Gothic From them Rodin to what

this fact and gave it consideration. has also learned it. might be believed, attenuation

an apparent it would

work which occurs in almost every case by is he in the immediate of his task. Hc forgets

in the open air. hc easy

to thicken might

whole, to execute in large, in its final position, desired effect. plicatcd.

so that the statue, offer the

difficulties

No, the matter is more com-

seeks iln(l t,oils, undoes ant1 repairs, 540

If the dimensions be exaggerated,

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the stat,ue will appear

no less dull, unaccenCLWIY

Tltc

ancient

Greeks

recognized

also the

tuated and weak. was refined and subt,ilc, obscrvctl at an

The Grrcks, whose vision

part played appear principal

by tltc luniinous envelope in the that it causes details to disair, leaving only the disof a figure

cast of statues:

stagc of their art the distortion produced t,y the atmosphere in the I~I~MS~S and the Ijrofilcs of c.or,ccjv&lc ()r csecut,cd, obtain marked, standing appeared monuments ; therefore, delicacy, they purposely cffcct. wit11 intheir
to

in the open

lines and planes Tl ierefore, Prom

tinct and clear. and thcsc alone. ing)

it is essential to and lines, results speak-

when ttlcy constructed distorted They t,llat the had direction, in order

dcfinc emphatically

thcsc planes

this method (scientifically

lines in an opposite a correct for

the ideal simplification of Greek art. The sculptors practice clusions and

rc-

instance,

columns than

of the Middle Ages, by the the same conThey .. executed

midway in the portico to bc of greater

of a tcntplc

of their art, rcachcd knowlcdgc.

diameter

those placed at the angles ; because at a few yards hchind them, the wall afforded grond, The corner colunms, t,l.:Lry, appcarcd b&cd a backon the con-

to be more slender, because + the sky and were For the increased

tt1c.y stood relieved against

on all sides by the atmosphere.

this reason, the Greek artists

diameter of the corner columns, so that they might present the same appearance which had the background be regretted architects arc ignorant the of wall. that, the grcatcr as those It is to cvcn and

number of our orders And

of this truth; classic

those who worship carry about xith pocket edition clay, the corner appear

them, as :L sacred relic, a still toedifices t,hcJ

Ill

of vitruvius. columns outward,

of certain although

to incline

arc in fact perpendicular order to give the Greeks projected and given American, of little light,

to tllcir base.

them npparcnt

straightness, inward, been by their works to be placed in the open air and under There porches the most varied exist figures of churches conditions of ,ligllt.. in t,bc of
641

thcnt slight.lg attention illusions,

while in modern structures, to these optical

bot,lt ICuropean llas caused

ttlc effect

even in those is a prominent

cases in fcatilrc.

which the colonnade the Same to-day

l)rlt, vet, tltC laws of optics

are immutable,

as they were three thousand

of saints placed

years ago.

with a background

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www.historicalworks.com

wcogiiizcd,

illdiCiltd

illld

MTclltd.

A lid

sucli rrhulth c:w I)c ol~t:hd cstrcinc simplification, niciming.

11:lh

onlv througlr pair-

ly

hiippmssiiig

pohvly cVCr.Vtliing tlliLt is detilil or witlwrlt It i:, witli tliih purpow thit Rodill
1lliLkillg

Worhctl,

pomil)lc

tllcs

cb\olut ioti

of his art I! Iiiclk has procccdcd froin skilftd things lddl~ executed, I up to the liiglwht

tlliLt

is, 5in~plific;~tion (still is wlwt

SCielltifiCiLlly

syntlictic st;Ltuc Of

simplifiCiLti0i1, rcyrcsentcd
RilI%:LC :

1)~ tliv iii so

qwaliillg).

:L \VOrk silnplifictl
it Ci~llWd its

Ilris
I Ilr~lrl, tx~iili zo

12oclill 11x5 lwrnc~l

\O f<IV Of llis

froin

I.iLdiCiLI iL spirit tllilt h t:LsCd witli Id

tllw(', US
illSiLllitV.

alltllol. to

X11(1 \\lliLt

COllCiL~llCS

Rotliu has clis(O\rWtl ilh tlWy tlitl, tlliLt tllC csscmti;d OlllV
:lll(l ll1l~1CThtiLlld.
lllll~f

listen to Rotlins
AIF Oil<! lllilv

,jrlstifi(vlt,ioll of
I)liLllW ad tilY

his owii shtuc : \Vllitt~V~~

CSSVlltiill SiLje,

lN?tlYiLt(Yl, iLlld tlli\t tllC\ essclitirds Of' iL Thc~if plum3 must be

tlley

figure arc its plnncs.

would be tlicrc less, if I t~pparerltly finished

.543

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Figure XVIII, 544

The Kiss; Museum of the Luxembourg,

Paris

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AUGUSTE
more highly. the ringlets no interest central what I have for As to polishing of a statue, me: they the toes or the

RODIN

such details have compromise

S
great

UCH

is the work of Auguste an almost frenzied an intensity, explaining

Rodin. power an exthe con--

It reveals

of imagination,

idea, the great desired,

line, the essence of and I have nothing This is the and myself, it ought to concessions is

cess of life and passion troversies ance in the calm, admiration

which it provokes indifferent which

at its appearand cultured also the to the

more to say upon this subject. dividing preserve line between the public faith me which the toward and between the good

circles called the public ; explaining attaches name of Rodin countries. It is, I think, a certain quality and intensity foreigners, affable, great outside of France. French genius cultured everything environment civilized, in both France

and foreign of excess of an

which I ought not to make in its favor. One of the important the Gate in bronze. completed. of Hell, seum of the Decorative has been working At works of Rodin for Arts. destined the Mu-

which has made his fame so In the opinion is too often faculty,

It will bc cast

For fifteen the

years the sculptor of the gate,

upon it; but it is not yet summit Thinker, at the WC the of

capable by giving

of understanding them an exquisite

and of renewor envelope. the world of And if proof they point during thought the and

upon the cornice,: sits a man, The head supported tortured meditates sufferings of while by his hands, gazing; that,

ing and revitalizing

all subjects,

who, with elbows resting upon his knees, and gazes sinners writhing beneath him. he thinks from

But, at the same time, they criticise French genius as being closed against the colossal and the terrible. of such judgment to the slight poem of Dante course of centuries, culture. Auguste Rodin possesses a soul created the colossal to comprehend ure. ing and to produce influence upon which, French be demanded,

of the world with such an effort head to foot, which is not Thinker,

concentration and

there is no muscle of his body turgid enlarged contracted. The to heroic

has been exerted by the

size and cast in bronze, we should de-

will be shown at the St. Louis Exposition. If we wished to be exact, scribe past. the They splendid, which Rodin a single dency tion. of has exhibited synthetic drawings

and all which is too great for human measHis genius can be summed up by saythat he, contrary to the criticisms of Dante; of that would bc the best fitted of modthe thought to the belief artists, of many Frenchmen, heir of the appre-

for several years with a a

are sketches, a line, a contour, made at one stroke, the master

form,

foreigners, contrary old Greek

calm assurance which reveals the ruling tenthe art of toward simplificamore complete, have already more significant

crns to picture

he is the worthiest contemporary ciator of Greek beauty.

The greater

number of his ,drawings

the most subtile

been engraved.

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THE
COMMERCIAL VALUE article Shut OF

CRAFTSMAN
Industry to succeed among to Natural to a realization in the future product the nations resourceS, that this country, and hold its rank must add of design. may, fol

DESIGN

I
glow

N the initial author says :

of this series the in, as it were, to art is but a

of the world, the value great success virility

its raw

serve its owner,

private

hearthfire that warms only its builder? again after the breath of- his fortune art is a which from

the time being, without careful aration. duce great This

keep a nation

to the front, prep-

and lcavcs but few or no embers that can ever has ceased to fan it. fire built
110111c.

but no permanent

can be achieved by the older but

study and thoughtful is recognized

But public place,

in the market borrows

nations of Europe,

which strive not to proof raw material, return as

each citizen

live coals for his own

quantities

to make each ton of raw material can bc truer and no statcWarner, devoted of an eminent time and of art in this ity of design. Without, fundamental perhaps, principle, a realization barbaric

No statement itative. lawyer, cncrgy country. form

great a value as possible by the added qualof this

ment ever came from a source more authorJohn Dewitt has To for years

races have which toornament but

to the advancement a natural

in fact made arms and implements but because which masterly arc of. the rude archaic with

appreciation

day we cherish, not because of their utility, was added strokes. the and such primitive

and color, he adds a broad human inHe has served to the New dccapacity first Art from the private which

terest in civic development. in every president of the Pork and leader,

The works of t,hc Aztec, Indians in our of the well well the are is-too of choicest the treasures efforts

and now at the head

of the Navajo among museums. Assyrians Oriental In

and other American

Commission

has ever had, he stands not onlv as an for all that is best in aesthetic but as a judge before improvements whom of this

The more mature

influcncc velopmcnt,

E gyptians pcoplcs

known, and the later work of the Greek, the and the Asiatic known to need mention. pottery th e simple utensils home, selling, as thy did at the time of their creation, cause of for sums too insignificant their ornament to mcntion, are cherished as precious vases of the Egyptians mature work of the Turks, value. from from In textiles the fact treasures, bc-

must pass the artistic great city. that sivc abstract treatment

Hc personifies, quality of

as does no other of the layman for for a better of the on the and,

one man, the appreciation name we call public Municipal consideration Commercial very judging art. the

which His

comprehcn-

Importance encourages article criticism

Improvements of the present

and color.

TIP2

and the still more arc now, and for

Value of Design, challenges of

which in its

statement

many years to come will be, of inestimable the same is true,-the survives, not so much of the design. The work of the hand-loom the excellence

by the action

our legislature

and city officials, has never been recognized in this great country. short article may start It is hoped that this a discussion which of Captains

that it is done by hand, but

in the end will lead the great

546

simple stuffs of the Orient, the cotton prints

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VALUE

OF

DESIGN
used as inserts in clever combinations, it arrests attention, and when in smaller tesserae it becomes the mosaic, its value is increased a hundred-fold. The marble, which in the combined in small mass may be considered crude or uninteresting, is, when deftly pieces and under the hand of the skilled artisan, a medium which produces results second to none. The metals when sold by the ton are a commercial quantity, but when, under the stroke of the hammer, they become wrought iron or chiseled brass, when under the touch of the tool they become repoussd, or in the hands of the founder they assume deft and beautiful shapes,-their worth is immeasurably increased. Glass, perhaps one of the most difficult materials to produce in its crude state, is still naught, until touched by the hand of the Venetian, the Bohemian, or those master workers of the Middle Ages, who from this material have produced windows which, while having the charm of the mosaic, rival the color and the composition of the picture. It is almost needless to speak- of design in decoration or to show how building after building has been beautified by the stroke of the brush. We are not speaking of those great efforts which may be claimed, and justly claimed, as the finer art, but of those simpler combinations of form and flower, which, with accent of shield and escutcheon, make a fitting background to the purposes of the room. We are not claiming for design in decoration the credit which is due to the abstract art creation. The single figure,, the portrait, if you will, the easel pit- 3 ture, owes its quality, it is true, to the individual ability of the author, but take even a commonplace figure and repeat it in the

of India, the silks, the velvets, and those wonderful rugs, are regarded as invaluable, not .because we have not the same materials and cannot reproduce the same stuffs, but because of those wonderful combinations of tone and color which were undoubtedly the result of long estry;that graphic and careful study. Tapof queen of textiles, stands to-day combination form, ability in textile and its

as the most remarkable

value is commensurate with the ability displayed. While laces and embroideries have been appreciated and are still appreciated, they will, eventually, have to step aside and leave the place of honor to the tapestry and the rug ; for these have those possibilities in design and color which must in the course of things grant them the precedence. In wood we have a material which, in its natural form, has possibly thelowest value, but which, as a manufactured article, even in its simple forms, demands attention. Given the added quality of design in chair or table and its cost materially increases; add the touch of the craftsman, and the value is still further enhanced ; add the quality of the sculptor, and in tryptich, reredos, and carved choir stall, it assumes untold value. The unhewn block of stone is of little worth : shape it under the builders hand and its worth increases ; give it the touch of the chisel and its value is only gauged by the ability of the artist. The Schiinen Brunnen, many of the monuments of Europe, the frozen music of the cathedrals, could not have existed but for this material. Their priceless value, h owever, is not to be gauged by their cubical contents, but by the merit of the design thus held in imperishable form. Marble in slab or column has its minimum value and is often passed unnoticed ; when

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THE
decorative very scheme of the room it gains portrait, decorative and but express

CRAFTSMAN
ations which are to ,explain would some greater panels of be

and in this The peris a one but and

repetition

value.

train of thought. Chartres beautiful, beauty

The sculptured

commonplace with thing created proper of to

uninteresting frame the work, easel

or Amiens

undoubtedly

haps by itself, when placed as one of a series beauty; picture

even if taken from their surround:

ings, but how much fuller is their wondrous when left side by side in those maseach a page in the history sive cathedrals, of religion. To speak of the increased value of architecture by the addition an anachronism-for exist in its higher development mercial struction attention gain of design. form of design without would be can the finest and conof no architecture

one thought,

idea, has no quality repetition specific it gains subject

as a decoration; an added interest

place it as one of a series and in that very becomes part of a greater which to express. thought than the

it has been created scheme

All these gain an added quality

But in these comunder the name

by being used as parts of a greater design. In sculpture ument isolated

days, when mere building masquerade it may to the fact not

and this is what is meant by the value of the same is true ; the monand ability apart of from architecto but single owes its recognition its creator; the becomes building, but

architecture, construction, valuable And

be amiss to call can

that even the simplest of that

the most modest building, design.

tural surroundings, the individual when faqade may sign. the monument

much by a true appreciation quality,

figure in the niche, and is repeated upon the of some great its creator still of dethe porassumes even be unknown, The portrait its value quality

now has this been recognized? indication

Is

there any truths tised? try,

in what is occurring appreciated upon but prac-

day by day that these simple, fundamental are not only In Europe, yes; in our great counitself its greatness of its advancement, of these simbut and and

exists because

of the added

bust in an isolated garinterest,

den is of but momentary

which prides no.

trait bust, if one of a series in some hall of fame or some great public building, an importance The sculptors of a greater difficult our difficult to describe in words. work becomes an integral part whole and assumes an added but which is group arrests muhow but The sculptural conception, pedestal,

and upon

the rapidity

most decidedly of a European

It is needless to speak

appreciation

ple truths in the past and down to the time of the Middle Ages and the Renascence, latter-day many forced sign. chanical of development. the precedents -The invention of the past it may not be amiss to say a word of the improvement of machinery rendered useless of de-

value that can be appreciated, to define. when embodying some great isolated

attention

seen in gallery,

seum or upon much greater

a readjustment

of all schools

its effect, when it becomes one of the Cross in its efhow much stronger

At first, the influence of the machine detrimental, article knowledge and the meappeared ; came greater or commerEia1

of a series, as in the Stations some cathedral, fect

548

was, to be frank, but with greater

when it is but one of a series of cre-

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VALUE
,power,

OF DESIGN
and of every material. Great museums

and what has been accomplished in in the future. In 1851, of the

the last decade is but a promise of what will be accomplished England, French realizing the superiority

have sprung up which contain, not only representative examples of the craft work of the past, but specimens of what is being done to-day by the, craft workers of the world at large, and last but not least, commercial museums and sample museums have been created which contain comparative examples of all that is being produced in the world at large at the present day. not only do the manufacturer Thus and the

craft work, held the great Interand by its comparative

national Exposition

collections endeavored to show its manufacturers and craftsmen what might be accomplished with intelligent artistic effort. The school of Morris, Day and Burne-Jones was the result, and English wall papers, textiles, woodwork, metalwork, fayence, glass, marble and mosaic show their influence. Kensington The South Schools and Museum are but

craftsman receive the best the schools can give them, but they have the advantage of seeing without extensive travel what is being produced throughout the world. Thus, for example, Mr. Ormun, our Consul at Stuttgart, reports that on one occasion a commission sent by the Germans visited the Orient and collected a great many samples. They were afterward exhibited for several days in the halls and corridors of the ImThey were afterward perial Parliament. sent to large industrial and commercial centers and put upon exhibition for the benefit of the workmen and workwomen who could not afford afterward a trip to Berlin. divided They were among the sample centers getting textiles, iron and steel

the outward symbol of how deep a hold this movement has taken of the people. What is true of England is true of all European countries, but is particularly- so of Germany. The commercial supremacy of Germany is due in no small degree to the appreciation of these principles. Her success may be attributed and has been attributed to many causes, but careful analysis will show that no one has been a greater factor in this success than the realization on her part of the commercial value of design. Germany, after the France-Prussian war, had little or no rank among the commercial countries of the world, but since that time, with an energy and perseverance unprecedented, she has developed her resources, until \ she stands almost second to none. Schools of architecture;. painting and sculpture existed as a matter of course, but since 1870 there have been founded in every city, town, and even village, schools of handicraft, schools for painting on glass, schools for the carving of wood and the welding of iron, schools for textiles, schools for instruction in the manipulation of every medium

museums,-textile products.

and iron districts getting

The sample museum is an ex-

cellent auxiliary of the Empires industrial, industrial-art and technical schools. While it would be hard to estimate their value in dollars and cents, the German merchant and manufacturer have come to regard them as a part of the popular system of education. Thus Germany has pushed to the fore, until her ships are found in every port and Hamburg has become, next to London, Liverpool and New York, the most important commercial place in the world. Not
549

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
millions in creating the finest system of wharves and harbors that the world has as yet seen. Berlin has spared no expense to Prague has re-designed the feet. Niirnberg, its perfect its transit and to improve the out-, lying section. older portion of the city, even changing its level some six to eight while retaining newer section. the old, is perfecting

only do these countries recognize the value of design. in erroneously so-called commercial lines, but they recognize it in ways which to us are almost incomprehensible. good architecture, So great a stress do they lay upon the value of that in many countries of sufficient of com-

prizes have been offered to those private owners who erect buildings artistic merit to pass the judgment

Stuttgart, Leipsic, Dresden, to the utmost to make

petent juries, and in some cases they have even gone farther by exempting these buildings from any and all taxes. Prizes without limit have been offered for worthy works of public art, both in painting and sculpture, and it is a common custom for governments to purchase works of distinction for public parks and public buildings, not only to please and benefit the people, but to recognize and to keep active that art quality which is so essential to the higher development of any nation. But in a more important field than any that has yet been mentioned have the countries of Europe demonstrated the value of design, and this is in the planning of cities. No greater problem has ever faced the world than this rapid growth of modern

Hanover, Hildersheim and hundreds of other cities are striving their facilities adequate to the demand. And these are no hap-hazard efforts, but efforts along the lines of carefully matured plans. They represent all that experience and ability, coupled with judicious expenditure, can produce. It would be perhaps going too far to state that every effort has been a success, but it is not too much to say that failure, if there has been failure, has been due to lack of forethought, or to lack of appreciation of the importance of the issue. Such expenditure as has been made will be returned a hundred-fold, and not only Gerin Europe will many, but every country

reap a commercial benefit therefrom. Why should our country be so slow in appreciating the commercial value of design? It is true that at the coming Exposition at St. Louis, the arts and crafts are to be shown in the Art Building and have been ranked as of equal value with exhibits that heretofore have been considered the finest art products. that at this same Exposition be- a model city, demonstrating It is true there is to, what has

cities. No problem has ever been of greater importance, not only to the social, but to the commercial development of a country. It is in the intelligent answer to this perplexing question that the countries of the old world have shown their ability to cope with modern conditions. The walls of Paris have been moved four or five times, and at the present writing, it has b,een decided to level the fortifications and extend the area. Vienna has replaced its walls with its noble Ringstrasse. Antwerp has replanned its water front and laid out vast sections for its m increased population. Hamburg has spent
550

been done, or what has been projected, in many of our large cities. It is true that Washington has been replanned, that St. Louis is considering radical changes, that in St. Paul and Milwaukee material ad-

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VALUE
vances

OF I)ESIGN
ante of trade eventually turn against us. Is it not time for us to appreciate that now must be added to our cottons, our silks, our woven stuffs, our wood, our metal, our stone, that intellectual effort which will make each ounce of raw material return its maximum value? Is it not time to recognize that it is no longer a competition of quantity but of quality, no longer a competition of force, but of skill, and that the country which is to create the finest product possessing the maximum value of design, must have those conditions, social, educational and governmental, which will produce this result.
FREDERICK S. LAMB

have been made ; but it is also true

that this work in the main has been done by private incentive and by private capital. Why is it that our governments, whether. national, state or city, do not realize the commercial ments? necessity of these improveWhy is it that there are no public the

commercial museums or sample museums? Why is it that the schools throughout country at large are lacking in classes and appliances to give this most necessary education? Certainly we do not wish to be .considered less intelligent or progressive than the older countries; we do not wish to have said that under republican forms of government, less can be accomplished that under monarchical government. We

STREET

FURNISHINGS thought of lighting through cities was the fact postponed

certainly do not wish to feel that Americans can accomplish less than other nationalities. Design is but a word to indicate the practical application of that potent force called art; design is but a word which in a rough and ready way defines the practical application of the appreciation of the beautiful. It is but a medium through which we interpolate into our crafts, our manufactures, that quality of imagination, that appreciation of form and color, that knowledge of symmetry, without which no product can be other than commonplace. ; Is-it not time that we should awake ; have not the long years of preparation passed? Are we not ready for that great movement which is to revolutionize all that has been done before? Our statisticians point with pride to our increased exports, but forget that they are in a great measure due to the They natural wealth of the country. forget that as time passes, these natural resources must be drained and that as the work of other countries improves, so must the bal-

that those who had to see their way at night were individuals, not masses. Nor is it strange, since every lamp required separate care before it could be lighted, that when, at last, their provision in the street could be conceived as a civic duty, lights were still made individual charges. The public function of the light was slowly appreciated better as their number In Brussels-the little multiplied. , . . . Paris in so many things,-a prize offered by LOeume Nationabe Be&e early in its career, was for an artistic street light, and was awarded to the designer of a single candelabrum to stand on the Place de la Monnaie, where it was subsequently erected. The terms of this competition, conducted by a national society organized for the furthering of civic art, had invited the municipalities to designate those public places which it was desired .to light artistically.
Charles Mulfo~d Robimsoti in iModern Civic Art. 651

HE

long

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THE
A PLEA FOR THE BY

CRAFTSMAN
with the rituals of the Christian Church. We read cryptograms into Shakespere, and modern meanings into the simplest Bible stories. Instead of accepting these inspired

DECORATIVE FRANK CHOU-

BOOK-PLATE. TEAL BROWN ESPITE

the fact that we pride people, a

writings in their direct and obvious application, and so taking each one home in the way that it most appeals to us, we build up cumbrous inspiration and far-fetched analogies, in themselves sufficient to smother the possible that might have been drawn from the original source. The book-plate, then, responds to this craving for a personal symbol: the desire that each individual experiences to possess a poster all his own. The question What is the book-plate? that perhaps no is still asked so frequently

ourselves upon being a commercial and unimaginative little consideration will, I think,

prove that there is a constant tendency of our natures to idealize: to symbolize, and give a meaning to objects that, oftentimes, have of themselves no such original intent,the same objects that may, upon other per-

better beginning can be made than to offer a definition of a somewhat vague term. Later, I may venture to state a few of the causes which have produced the recent and growing revival of interest in this subject. A book-plate, then, is primarily a namelabel, and, as such, is used to take the place of the owners written name within the covers of his books. To many persons this statement will recall the yellowing paper label, bearing an engraved coat-of-arms, pasted inside the covers of old leather bound books lying in their attics. Such a label is belonging sons, produce an almost opposite effect.
seems hardly

undoubtedly a book-plate, but a book-plate to another age. It is, at best, a pedantic survival, suggesting little of the artistic possibilities contained within itself. The coat-of-arms had at one time a mean-

It

necessary to emphasize the hold that symbolism has upon even the temperament, but it is an inThe heritance which we cannot escape.
Anglo-Saxon

ing and reason for being which it no longer During the age of chivalry, possesses. gentle folk were distinguished by their coatarmor, and often more readily recognized by their heraldic insignia than by their family names. In the blazoning borne upon the

earliest and most primitive pagan races erected symbols which they worshiped as gods: in many cases, the same symbols that arc to-day most closely associated

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THE
Shield, or worn lIpOn thC trappings
knight

BOOK
of idie family it
may

PLATE
backs on inclined So upon was the the custom outside shelves of in such a

their

id

Of hk horse, the beards written. Indeed,

manner that the front cover was always fully exposed. stamped owner book, armorial and thus, who might his library, placing to of the its the The design, coat-of-arms established individual binding naturally.

history was plainly

be said that this coat-of-arms

took the plncc

:N

bearings

were generally and

arranged

so as to become a part of the binding as an integral pass. If part of the book, indicated

conspicuous changed it in

the owner to all

the volume

hands, its new possessor, before placing had it rc-bound

in his favorite responsible for

manner and marked with his own coat-armor. This custom was incidentally the making of the early printed or cutting bookcase, books with space re-

a wide margin ; since this marginal quired trimming re-binding. The stand modern closely

down after each in which books

side by side, with the backs is a comparatively partly made and rapidly recent inprinted made possible

only exposed, vention. of an individual tainly fulfilled name : to the initiate it cerits purpose better than is by the cheaply

An invention

done by our modern written substitute. WC endeavor to show by a persons tian and middle names the branches families revealed to which he is allied, in its quarterings furthermore, of also the Chrisof the his this a for anat It book and the resulting ing its preservation carelessness regardby
553

through only

father and his mother ; but the coat-of-arms not in much,-and, error,-but cestry-both so exact family

manner as to allow paternal

no possibility entire

and material. that the book,

It must be remembered

one time, was a very valuable possession. or belonged to a small and costly

was written either wholly or in part by hand, handprinted edition. Books were then laid upon ; partly occasioned

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the necessity for economizing coat-of-arms back; graved pasted or, was often more

space.

When the enarose

it became found

still more .valuable.

Instead

of

books came to be placed upright comn~only, upon for

in cases, the upon

the label now protecting

the book,

it was

repeated

that the hook had protected

the label,

separately a label,

and printed coat-armor

it was

inside the cover.

So, in brief,

the use of its meaning, tification,

book-plates, had lost of iden-

which continued

even after heraldry necessary

and when, for purposes it became

to add the

owners name. The armorial plate soon became filled with errors; frequently, a mans plate was used the and many a good were despoiled, volume and nice binding in order that some collector and in England escoat-offor a woman ; or a son, merely changing name, borrowed arms. the mechanical, middle bodily his fathers The engraving of the a

grew more and more until, about century, interest it was or nineteenth

dry and inartistic,

might carry off the plate pasted within. In some countries, pecially, the old feeling from plate worthy that the only bookstill survives ; of old or as pos-

reached a climax of mediocrity. Meanwhile, slowly Ex many gathering Libris, people historical around the book-plate,

of the name, was one engraved copper, country and any collector as closely matter-the

on and printed pretensions sible--both

as it was often began to collect

called ; and plates owned

and in the latter

still imitates in style

by their friends, steal. found, tions. When,

or family ; beside acquiring

all the older plates they could find) borrow or by chance, a print belonging or historical fame was that for its associato a person of literary If, in addition,

armorial book-plate. comprehension wondered semblance kind of produced

As no appreciation

of the meaning

of heraldic little This reJourto

forms and symbols now exists, it is not to be at that, the design of originality book-plate in old-fashioned collectors is still presents frequently or virility. Rook-Plate

it was valued highly

it was bclicvcd

nals, and forms the model for the plates of such American borrow of their English A distinct of book-plate but, few copies of it existed, and if in a good state, that is, well preserved, and printed from a comparatively 554 new and unworn plate, years. given as are content the ideas and copy change the mannerisms quality

compatriots. in the artistic

designs is very evident in those within the last few and older has been by modern book-plate

which have been produced countries, the designed

Even in more conservative more and more attention

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;wtists of repute. no more beautiful any branch vutc libraries. In order sudden

The result is that to-day designs are executed in endeavor than some

first, again then,

it appeared these

with

possibly

only

the or

name ; perhaps

the name and address; in a ruled of entirely typographic around

of artistic

enclosed

outline; the

of those made to decorate to explain

the books in priand in

with a little border

WpCiltd

ornaments the widespread of the interest

whole.

From this point the short step to a design of similar simple and easily taken. individual be depended of human nature for something alone was one quickly striving might Merent,

development

drawn or engraved character, something and The continual distinctive,

modern book-plates, is neressary.

an apparent

digression It may to use

The position

of the ordinary

book owner must now be considered. bc that he does not possess the right coat-armor, being sciously regards modern haps better the or that, disdaining than his fellow custom For as

to pose as men, he conPerhaps reason, he with per-

upon to make this slight advance. Modern shown, modern book-plates, process: the most such as the examples by the zincthe most when at once are mostly and reproduced

gives up this privilege. times. from or some

inconsistent

line engraving

appropriate,

only

carelessness, thoughtlessthe

indifference

ness, he has been accustomed to write his name within covers of his books. People

thcrc are who have even committed barbarity in scrawling . . their names across the unoffending title page ; near the top or bottom, across it ; ones own of of defacing delightful used book, with either the ordinary lacking illustrated in illusalong the side, or even diagonally but such a method property,-so the friend of most ungrateful. strictly umc; typographic many discourteous Every or with one entirely

trations

and of the severest typographical according frequently good cfFect; old to this proetched or and somelithoefprovided mannerare

a treatment hours,-is

Beside, Pl ainness. cess, designs arc engraved without isms. with vcrv attempting Sometimes

one must feel that with the and the more

the written scrawl is out of keeping character or less formal appearance

that they arc done in a modern fashion to cop? abroad-they printed they are stenciled,

of the printed volto add to, rather growth

that, it is prcfcrablc Beside,

times-especially graphed, one color,

than to detract from, t,he value of ones own property. the tremendous in the output of books makes it difficult for interests to spare the at acquiring. label:

and often

in more than

when some quite exceptional

fects have been secured. So we find a reason for the designed bookplate which is not only the development a healthy printed appreciation of the beauty book itself; of of the

a person of broad literary books which he is constantly And so originated

the time to write out his name within the printed

but also, a combination

555

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of tlie wrvi\.;il I)liltc, stitutc

Xlltl Of tllo

of

tlic coat-of-arins
tl~lll~l~ld for

km3ka Sllb-

possible

for

anot her individual interpretation

to make a

lllOtlCrI1

satisfactory Im:lble lo

of them in pfn appropriate into the

to iin+

th

wuits
dcsigx.

of those not caring

and ink, or, having suggfstlons corporate design.

no ideas at all, they are the few

for tlic arniorial

rn:Ikc well something

that will allow the artist to inindividual

It is best to strike a mean bet,wecn these two estremcs. more fads ality books Then, the dcsigncr his clients of somctl~ing will lcarn individllal his personof be is inor occupaor less about or fancies, and and family, possibly

as well as the kind in which his business

tlie things

tcrestctl,

tion ; while, at the same time, the designer, for the best reslllt, should not be too closely restricted. The thing book, book-plate of necessary nwtl not express anyis not show a of the bookish quality ;-it that it should

absolutclv the sort. ancc,

or 1 100k s, a library,

or angthi.ng

This is an error that seems, howa very wide accepta survival, one, plate of The even olditself but it in its

cvcr, to have acquired thor~gh nrcd an

and is undoubtedly unacknowledged

c0u11t1-y conservatism. riot he bookish must linre somewhat trcattncnt, purpose. coat-of-arms, as an accessory-, with sufat ficient distinctness to satisfy the owner; from

in subject, of this quality

in order to fit it for its place and Tlw label sl~~ultl express individin sonic essential and the dea tends to restrict and ordinary design,

uality)-, if only by differing the conventional sire for a Lbookisll plate the problenl field. As ought tration, scholarly I hare already to too narrow

the same time, it is a plate that may be as :I whole modern, pleasing When design, tory, starting many people and American. make the mistake family varied through of hisit the life. imout to secure a book-plate

intimated,

the plate In illus-

overburdening manifestations vaguely,

it with all their to cspress a of widel-y

not to be too literal in its expression perhaps the plate for Dr. Ellis may cited. Drawn for a man of* in the cspccially

or of trying

of tlie owners tastes or tendencies. be opportunely

Either their ideas arc too fully, formed-when

if somewhat

it is practically

habits, interested

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THE
study of the human reputation in his upon kindred subjects, eye, and having profession

BOOK
some

PLATE
or tone, happens the exact nowadays, placing of If, the as

a color it often

as a writer

label becomes are decorated, the intention my individual of the fly-leaf, end paper. the book slight of

even more important. I find myself

the plate itself sug-

the end papers unable to spoil by pasting con-

of the bookmaker

label over his carefully

sidered work ; then I place it upon the inside or upon the loose sheet of the I am well aware that it is then part of the book, but is ordinarily of such be worth to-day

much less an integral

value that it would hardly

while for anyone To-day, is apparent

to tear out the book-plate

in order to claim the volume. many odd shapes are often given label itself. Of course, it and, is its form that the most appropriate to the book-plate

at the same time, the most obvious of the same proportions book: gests this much to one knowing ality and reputation the personwhile at but and from its height because my own. of the owner; a rectangle in width. of about

as the cover of the two-thirds equally suitable in fact, the shape plate, or in forms are

Almost

however-and

perhaps

preferable

the same time, it is not so matter-of-fact that it may possess a certain significance to anyone, design quite such a literal reading. A satisfactory location upon is of considerable once obtained, meaning aside

it is not so common-is Other more unusual

that I have used in my brothers

the inside cover of the book importance that to its effect. it will compose volume

It must be so placed

with the entire shape of the page, in the same way that the title page of a printed so composes. the two above nearly upper Roughly, corners of it may be said that the book-plate left are be frequently member, the end paper of the volume is of employed. In one case, I rein order to cover the name which the label prove

should be arranged and on each This which equal.

so that the spaces side of should may,

a safe

rule-of-thumb better honored servance. When

on occasion,

in its breach than in its ob-

had been written in a more or less triangular 557

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shape in the upper

left hand corner of th;. label was necessary, line On to

Ramsey, without tional.

while rectangular to obtain departing

in all its parts,

book cover, a triangular

is an attempt

an effect of variety

having the top and left outside lines at right angles to each other, with the diagonal running between and joining a wry tllc two. H. Bunnell another occasion,

too far from the conven-

wide plate of little in this case,

height n-as wade for Sterling conceal a very similar practice; the name being As ii cursory trations and spread glance

out at considerable through these illus-

lcngtli across the upper edge of the cover. will show, the outline of the design even more irregular Preston Frye The Walter or

upon the label is often varied.

plate, for instance, or that for C. C. Brown, William ventional relief. even Kittredgc, form, Arthur Farwell~ gives an outline, A design more varied from for the more conJackson original is of

which is in itself a pleasing Frcdrika The

csceptional.

this plate was drawn on the inside cover of a gift book and occupied the only space left in tlic lower two leather I lia~c generally explain book-plate too found the it bcttcr meaning not to of a definitely within tlw cover not taken up by the bindmg ; eren tllc two indentations corners were oc~hioned by

design ; since if t,hc design itself its possessor is left free meaning or symbolthe plate persons. to A to is

is once satisfactory,

to give it an individual sonal to him. mean morf suggestive surround

ism of his on-n, which renders it more perIt also allows different to many value, any

delicate nura of mystery may symbolic

which is of infinite thus be allowed design ; a mystery effect and power. is often illuswas a The book-

which, if too closely defined and analyzed, certain to lose its original This tendency thongs sary.
658

to symbolize manner. for Noel,

projecting Again,

up into this plain space, shape was made necesfor William Allen

trat,ed in an amusing plate for Helen

and so the unusual

instance,

the plate

sketch made on the spur of the moment, and,

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THE

BOOK

PLATE
ing lines of this border, I use in a more arbitrary form with my signature, separating the date into two portions. generally The

indeed, as the simplest pun upon the meaning of the family name. The conventional attributes of Christmas were employed: the

motif of the design itself, if I were compelled to put it into words, would be something to the effect that among ones books one may at least lay aside the mask that all, consciously presence of.other people. or unconsciously, wear in the The two discs in

the border are left for the insertion of the dates of the purchase and the reading of the volume. In general, I find that my own tendency is toward producing, year after year, less formal and less elaborate designs. It may be tree decorated with its Christmas candles, the Star of Bethlehem, etc. Yet what was my amazement to hear a very young girl (she came from Hartford, it is true) tell how the plate had appealed to her,-the Tree of Life, the Lamps of Learning, the Star of Eternity,-until I felt almost ashamed of the flippant spirit in which I ad conceived the design. The significance of my own plate I am not disposed to explain. It does mean a great deal to me: it pleases for several reasons,-some sufficiently abstract to be readily defined, others so entirely .personal that it is unnecessary and would probably be most uninteresting to analyze at length. For one thing, in furtherance of a feeling that I have always had that the design itself should be a sufficiently striking expression of individuality, I was able to reduce the lettering almost to non-existence. I have employed a more or less meaningless plantgrowth in the borders, solely to blend the design back into the setting of its white background. The fleurs-de-lis, introduced where thev Y break and relieve the interweavthat the plate for the child or the girl offers, indeed, demands, just this freedom of treatment. The little designs for Itha May
bb9

that this is in part only a natural reaction, as a relief from the more mechanical architectural work which constitutes my usual routine ; but yet the feeling toward a simple, free, and more informal design, providing, of course, that it is not of a nature easily to become tiresome, grows each year more and more evident. Especially I have found

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plicity Williiull in

illl(l

Iii+ Kittrctlgc l:x5ting

of

idea c~vitlcncctl ill tllc

whtn sliown in place inside tllc book-cover,

illl(

:llld
qualit,y.

~rCYlC~ic~li IYlis
The
(llslllll;Lll plcnsccl

1 not in the tletnclicd in:uincr of these So IVCfind that the book-plate, as I stated

plates, for illstcuicc, slioidtl bc :i largtx f:lctol tlrcir plate for idea of what \vc a1.c

iIlllstr;~tions. at. the beginning of this article, is nothing

collt:Lills

11lOlY

to call the hookisli Arthur

f:lvor ; while the phrtc as an and of conservatism of dcvclopnlcnt

Enrwcll may he offer4 of

esamplc of the blending \vith Inodernity an informal, pleasing

treat1nc11t.

Often instantly

ofFhand

sketcll, such

as the Noel or the Korris plate, will be more than a IIIOTCstudied and that it retain there is labored effect, and, provided

balance and rcscrvc of composition, quality ad well. owner (that of

no reason that it should not possess a lasting llic Plant design suggests of its the an architect,) ; wliilc somrt,hing more than the profession Charles ;\lbcrt law-plate design. neer.
560

has a more literal added thilt inore or less than a label. successful book-plate. Often the name-

incaning, a~ niay be also 5:lid of tllc Hunncll It hardly TWO actors needs to
h

the owner of

the latter

is a I~lC~Cll~~liCi~l cngi-

label, pure and simple, will make the most As an instance, let

plates

arc those shown

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THE
me cite thus simple penrs ago Rrown. for This book-plate made Paul

IWOK PLATE
some nothThere and its ThC birtlr of the a of the fully considered use that it will meet the test of never become tiresome. that the book-

my brother, small design

Bartlett

constant

and

contains design.

So, at the end, we discover -

ing but the name, enclosed within an unobtrlrsirc border of Renascence is little ornament personality ~illtlividuality one suggestion head-is decoration, suggcstcd,

rests in the character alone. of personality-the subordinate one which part

and the letter-forms

month of the owner, indicated a very and

by the rams

is absolutely

plate

is, after

all, but the outcome

of the to

desire of the individual tive symbol,-something

to possess an attracthat is personal

development entire family Again, reason for

of

the

design which

itself.

This of the to and

treatment is a contrast history, mar the decorative being

to the display

does much excuse

book-plate. the only that we can give is its decorative to the quality.

and finally,

modern book-plate appropriate quently

It must be so designed that it will become an part of any book. It is rarely him in its meaning ; and that the revival of interest instance in the Ex of the Libris is but another consideration
561

indeed that any drawn design is seen so freas the book-plate must be, by the person possessing it, and it must be so care-

awakening

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THE
given good the by the pcoplc printing, designing of of the present furniture,-the

CRAFTSMAN
day to A SIUDY IN EVOLUTION the labor armies, senates, world: of and and he The and pestle of unhis of the Yet

to the decoration

of houses, general

H
creating had charcoal through Achieve

E who first shortened copjeists by d&cc was disbanding most the handful kings art monk hired and of

of movable types

cashiering

a whole new democratic of nitre,

invented

printing. sulphur

first ground

drove

Schwartzs

the ceiling:

what will the last do? prostration of animal courage of lugging take a piece or stamp

the final undisputed

force under thought, der spiritual. the old-world tered for leather, art-crafts,-the in city has short, that broad distinguished improvements and the and advance ; in this

A simple invention grazier,-sick or oil,-to

it was in

slow ox about the country corn and thereon

till he got it bar-

scratch

mere figure his pocket, hereby money miracles whoso length kings length began what but security did

of an ox (or pecus) , put it in and call it r)ecuniu, money. barter grow sale, the for to golden and paper, national leather and all there debts ; the

arrangcmcnt

architecture of

movement in the arts that beginning

is now

have been out-miracled: and English is has sixpence sovereign

are Rothschilds

of sixpence to mount

over all men; commands to teach him, him,-to of the too, which ornament, Increased gave they us are guard over love

cooks to feed him, philosophers of sispcnce. have what of they

. . Clothes, not become!

in the foolishest and pleasurable these? made

heat soon followed, social of us; polity ; of us. but the opera-

. . . Clothes men

individuality, clothes have threatening * . . Neither century, long

562

distinction,

to make clothes-screens in tailoring

nor in legislating

does man proceed by mere accident, and which may bc regarded of an artistic as the
to0

hand is ever guided on by mysterious tions of the mind.

first evidences delayed.

renascence

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strict4 hopper, iiiscct

numhcr

of species:

from the grassand, ahove all,

from the dragon-fly, world :uid

from brittcrflics. tmttcrfly

For, to the decoriitor, the is usw~lly rcprcsent.ed hy the This dccorativc conception artists who is ,211 arc if with ctcr-

spccics. the

T
p]:lnts, liini. \v&l

HIS artist
fit

is surrountlctl trcatnlcnt, attract. offcrcd numlwr

hut

bv t,lxmcs
if certain

error, sut)jcct

for

to it, woiild bc greatly

surprised,

sul)jccts as tliosc

the dvmxtor,

such of the
fnllcn

they looked ahout them, if they sought ciitliiisiiisni and love the iiicsli:ulstihlc,

hy tlw ~rorld is iiicludcd

otlwrs seem to 1~ :hiost ,-liiioiig this

igmored by

of insects. artists ~ndiridn:~l

nal soiircc of illspirilti011 which lies iii Nnturc. Wht closcl~ kept m:wvcls would tllcy tliscorcr, I\.lliLt virgin riclws ! IA us qiiotc from ,\Iicliclct, who said:

I~iivc, indcctl,

.htllclx of fill. Iorll~f:

~VtttZ~ 1~~l~l~vl: wlns~

r\tc~llclc*cl ilnfl lying

OII lmrk.

11. tlrjlecllc.t~l~

under the f:~scination

of thcsc forms of life,

rq-ing from frail to robust, md showing schenies of color graded from the delicate to tile t)rilliant. Rut scarcely fiiiitc rwoiirccs which the study li:lre the inof the insect

llic arts proper, that is, the fiiic arts, would profit still more than industry, by the study of insects. The goldsmith, the l:ipid:wv will do ~~11 to seek from this rc:Jm Of Niltllrr 1llOtlcls and lessons. inserts, like flies, have, in their The soft cycs, cspc-

might offer to dccoratiw art hcen touclicd IWlOWtheir SllrfiLCC. -\ moirwnt hincc, wc alludccl to those who lI:~Ic :IllTiltlv gircn attention to this study. Wlic CA11 further point to the liappy rcsiilt~ JAicli tllcy have ot)t&wd from R wry rc-

ciiillv iii:~gic:J r:Linhow effects with which no c:w of Sjcn-cls, liowrvcr rich, can lxxr compa&on. Thcrc arc iLlU.ZLpS, if we pass from one spccics to :illothCr, and, if I mistake thcrc arc xlso iunong different not, indiridwils
X3

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of

the same species,

new combinations

to

:L tlC!tltl lcilf

lllle, through (lark brown night,

nllicll
in

T-tins of a
scrpcntiiie

record.

We ohscrre that flies with brilliant possess the most beauthe horse-fly, dull For example,

bcaiitifiil lines. At

wind

wings do not alna~s tiful eyes.

it is all otherwise: for the callow

there of

is no more hrowi, ligllt gold, only Sucll

portion

the slicllhas bccomc ~)rcdoiiiiii:iiit, ; by lampit bc~oirws like gold

StliLllgC!,
iLS ollc

(lmworthy hcarenly

comparison),

IlliLgiCill,

imagines

for the walls of in the presence softer than

51111.

the celestial Jcr~w~lenl, and for the garment of light worn bF the spirits of God. Illis gold is sunlight

tlliLt, which proceeds

cl~arrns alld touclles
fhthlc way.

fronl tile real

It

tllc lle>llt in an inde-

It is a strange illusion. hare To with artist sure. of ashas I said? This

And WlIiLt things

of light proNait the pleaupon insect.

festival

ceeded from the wing of a conimon ture, this is the whole sccrct. deep and gains feeling, minute
Locust buckle. M. Benedictus

know Ilow to WC, t,o understtlud In loring in esami)iing

its most

insignificant

productions, of pure of Nichelet

his rich reward

The entire chapter

gray pect,

and dust-like feeding only magical

in color, upon

odious

the renewal of the arts through insect-life, But In within. ordinary stantly cicindela, caution, passages. insects, beauty abounds wc shall limit our

the study of to a few and an

warm blood,

might be quoted here with profit. extracts

eyes which, under the magnifying the strange, precious of

lens, offer art have

effects of a mosaic of could scarcely

stones, such as the consummate

without

Proment-Menrice Thus Michelet

It is in no wise necessary to search Let us examine insect, specimens spots. This of which I conis the brilliant with preunder the object its Very pleas-

combined. expressed himself in 1857, upon the insect. With and low mysteries crudely he there describes which were then prosaic the prcof in his fine work what cnthusism the imespccted revealed to him. The at first maybug, sight, shaped, little. beneath promises wing, Severtheunder the small

far in order to find it.

find in the sand at Fontaincbleau, which must bc handled since it is w-e11armed. as perhaps

in sun-lighted

ing to the naked eye, it appears microscope that can be studied by art. On the
iLllt1

the richest

leas, its scaly microscope, mirror,

examined

. . . Upon

well lighted

wings thcrc is a varied design

l?JTS.

of peacocks lines, wind over a

and thus seen in tranq~arcncy, of a rich winter fabric

corsclet,

thread-like

scnts the texture

5G-l

direrselg

lightly

knotted,

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-THE
dark background. the leg,

INSECT
and

TX

DECORATIOS
cops ? By no means. These small creatures, owing to the fact that they are alive and in their mating and arc surrounded not bc tWnslatcd t,hem, gain from them rangements fantastic attire, possess a grace, by an aureola which can into art. from We must love them, and derive arthey but new

The under surface glazed

are brilliantly

with tones so compari-

rich that no enamel could support ,~on with them:

the eye itself can scarcely Strange it is that cndurc their vivid glow. lletlr tile enamels one finds the dull tones of the bloom and of the wings of the butterfly. TO it11thebe diverse elements there are added touches of what one might Indian, believe to be styles faded, base ]1uman art,-touches --Jcrhian, Turkish, tileh. in which 11;~~ :quired,
11ott+ :

inspiration of color.

new iridescences

So transformed, in Nature,

will be, not as thev appear and marvelous,

in the Oriental slightly admirable

such <as they are girl who longs for a it

as in old tes-

seen bv the child who, in his dreams, pursues them, or by the young beautiful Such ornaments. is Jliclielets magic call from May to artists.

the colors, so to speak,

their harmony

having been gradually what is similar, what of our arts? at tlicse Lancould living rehave
to

h&&cd .

by the soft hand of time. cren to a degree with these,

world too lit.& known

6Friu~klv speaking, is coinparablc among guinlling they

>olllceY !

the expressions refresh

as the? are, how tlloroughly thenixelvch instead of

UWll~, course tain iiiaclc

tllc

having

direct they

to Sature,

that inexhaustible

foun-

of beauty

and originality,

il})pC;tlto the arts of former times,

of man. not this quoted passage,

])iLht

I)oc~ fifty

written who

years

since, by the great

author

studied so sympathetically Insect, Let define, with perfect

the Bird and the comprehension, art? that we have to But Art140v11+t cYllrrl~. t~\-c*c~litrtl in Ilcbr~l. 31. Hcrleflirtns

the state and the needs of decorative us recognize, however, made progress reject since that time.

Decorative

art has rejected,

or, at least, has begun repetitions.

copies and constant

a long way yet remains to be pursued. ists have returned esplored to Nature, riches remain, ! writes : Should which would continually

but what unallow the we

inspire certain among

them with the desire

them to renew and to* vary soiirces of inspiration Again, Michelet

to WC and the will to know! This world we do not undertake to reveal, for that n-ould he an overwhelming labor.

563

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
In thcsc
u~li~sual

We have rcsolred simply to indicate R few of its resources ; others, WChope, by advancing deeply into the subject, will derive art, to tliercfrom vitluf~ble know-ledgr, which t,hey of its renewal in form nnd

thoughts realm.

and

words, an The

JIichclet

pictures the world of insets,

unknown and mysterious only reprcsentatircs

to

In truth, what do WC know of it? that illlO\VS us perceive arc tmttcrflics,

may use to tlic profit of dccoratirc the furtherance

11ar111011p.

our carelessness
driLgOll-

flies, 1~2s and flies.

Without, doubt, tlicse

There abow
do not

is :L world

hcncath

our world, at cerinsig11ot11-

spwics Nature.

arc

among

the

most which

interesting of not we do

it, within it, all around it, which we

SUhpCCt.

sclcctcd from

the innm~vzrahlc families exist

Lightly,

gently,

Others

tain moments, WC hear it murmur or rustle, and tlien w2 hay: That nificant ; that is nothing. ing is tile infinite. is somctliing
But

know, which WC shall ncwr indeed, impelled devote inrcstignte by our low ourselves to essminc minutely

know, ~mlcss, of study, we them and to and their

that

their forms

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THE
l&its. These are researches
both the

INSECT
attractive artist id

IN
in the

DIXORAII~~S
spits,
iLlld

augers

(terelwae),

prohoscc~,
tllCsC
iLppCar

blade, aggreh-

the highest degree to

llli111 Of science.

ML\\-tCCtll,-ill1

:Irllli

of

Hut the first step here, as difficult, and the one

sion with which dicrs going amination,

they

like old soloften, after They esare which

;d\VaJX, is the most which costs. Let us therefore The whether different pro~itled form world one

to war, prove to be peaceful

implements

make it together. the number of of its its

aid them to gain Hard labor

a livelihood. often

of insects is ahnost limitless, considers In entering or the multitude definition

the tools of their trade. is, in reality, In order to or the cradles mother-insects is necessary, work:, ovcrwliclm imposed their in11p011 t11c111.

families,

construct arc laid,

individuals.

it, it is well to be of the

dwelling-places eggs of the mcnsc effort

in which the

with a scientific

of life to be studied. to such definition wllosc horns an insect is an skin constitutes

and tile resulting the mind of

iLlld

According ill1 animal cstcrior

constructive of

tllc ~pCCt:LtOr by tllc perfection

siircnch~ hardest

skeleton, and which is, conscquentIt lliX5 a

the means employed displayed. To

and the eqlisitc fOlYLgC tllc

1~. devoid of an interior skeleton. s~~lllllt<~trical hotly,

:mtl

skill

alld

is

arlrlt~tlwith three! pairs of legs articulated appendices. dis j 4

j i,

111~last nal~~d attrihlltes tiiigui4l

t:lW:lllS

thcin from

the criihCOlII-

with which tllCy 1litVC

WfC~iLlCllitlYLCtCriStiCS in
111011.

E~wrywlwrc
Vill.tll ;Illd

insects it.

exist : of tllc arc man. to him. Their scrvicch arc iiosions tllcy legions to

3lilllflt~

,.lil.[)

111 111111

11,11.,1

.\I. lielac~<livtilc

in air and in wiltCr, iipon the surface

IYJllCiltll

WOOA

ilIlt

the

most

exhausted

lands ; to
PditCeS

grind

and mix plaster ; to rear lofty immense subterranean

~rem

witlmut number, and certain species of them

rcwlcr

or to hiirrow
~)til~ for

chamchilds

most

valuable

bcrs : such labors pcnsatc for

to be merely

Others, on the contrary, ,Is to their external times remarkable, interesting. when he says: weapons home

these frail

organisms,

which com-

forms,

iLIT somc-

their weakness of their tasks. appearance

by the perfec-

often strange, describes arsenal The

and always them well of singular

tion of their tools and by their persistency in the pursuit The

SUltS

31 ichelet

singular
Olllv

of

insects

rethe the with

usr~allv - by the insect seems a menace to the human being. Living in a world of warfare,
iLt all

not

from the tools and i~ccessories but also from from in their in armor,

with which they bristle, immobility

ahscncc

the insect has been armed The species of native the to the Nevweapons saws, in appearance. tentacles.

of their countenances, all expression clothed

points. the

of

faces.

tropics which

arc formidable affriglit

They

arc knights

crtllelcss,

mit,joritp us : pincers,

their visors perpetually are knights

lowered.

Rut they

who have arrayed

themselves in
567

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their cious

nlost
Stollcs

splendid
:Llld ralc

vestnicnts. wlret
lll~!tillS~

Sothing and
SllpCh

is prc-

But all is
iWC

StlXllgc

ii1 tlic inwct.

mid

the eyes rule. are there

too beautiful els, laces, garments. golds with est dull one mother-of-pearl

for them:

silk,

not

cscmpt
i\K?

from eyes
illT Cllt

the two nnitcd in

prer,ailing cycs: in moving, The

eyes,

amin-

Tllcrc
llliL\W~

not, simply of

brocades, and anotlicr. and

i1W

liivishlv rubies chord, crcatc most

used in their and pearls, silver, sweetdisso-

tllOllSilll~tS

pro~niincnt
f:lWts.

I~incralds, niinglc,

wllicli tlic the

IlCS~l~Olli~l

burnislicd, llicy the

polish4 tllc

Ihus braw
IlilVe,

insect, whole

without lwrizon.
1llOTable

can

cm-

or contrast daring

crustaceans articulated of turning in

indcrd,
il

harmonies

upon

pcclul~cle,

and

capable

Study of the stag-beetle posed upon sun-flowers.

n:lllWS.

M. Mwha

What
colorist

lessons
!

do they

not afford

an

all directions
ient

; but

how

rnucli at

more

conveninsect inHow

attentive Their hr and or her plumes which whose

and

serviceable crerywliere

is the

CJT of the once ! human and !

helm& functions assume

are surniountcd These as yt most yet given the are the or has

with singuare organs forms: in combs silky tufts. to course arc

plilCCd.

which which eight

Illit

sees gives

: the nntennac.

comprchensiblc thousand the

most

appears two eyes to the

the work to the maybug, species

of Sature, being, fifteen

to

undetermined diverse in

:~ppearing mace-like also fancy.

Sear
Herr

in filaments clubs, Sature

or scales. free eyes

thowsand be made ,Ininials,

to certain upon for insects the

other
interesting

o~~scrwtion

concerns most part,

their are

snccesborn in

sivc transformations. tile

mtenntif

SC3

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THE

ISSECT

IN DECORATION
Among wholly other species, from the change is not phases by :~croinplislied and the later

the form which, with iliodifications, to retain they throughout change their slightly, life. but
#lO\V, 111olT.

they are They nothing In

are less dissimilar

those presented

the insect in the first period of its csistence. with the insect. existences, But this is not the place to offer a course in
lli~tllld

It is quite different t,r;tnsfornir~tions,

order to arrive at its ultimate from, several

several so to

history. to our purpose

Sererthelcss,

it was and non-

relevant althougli

to define an insect,

speak, arc necessary to it, and thence results

we have used elementary

the material of

for that most attractive

study

scientific

terms. of

But,

as we have already and to

metamorphosis. These transformations arc in reality most the light in flight, and brilglowing upon the For example, graceful

said, the world the families innumerable. Ihese forms in seven possessing very

insects is immense,

divided

into similar species are of insects. each :

radical.

It now becomes necessary

liant butterfly, in color, begins

speak briefly of the classification distinct orders distinctive or

his life groveling

of life have been arranged groups, characteristics

soil, in the state of the repulsive caterpillar. In tllis case, the metamorphosis is complete.

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IHE
the coleopterc~, the orthoytera,

CItilFlShfAN
scribed. pair IllCy have

the hemip-

two

pils

of

wings,

tertl, the neuroptcra, lcpidoptera,

Ilc The shall rapidly

the hymenoptern, indicate the

the

and often, although are of horny

not alway, substance.

the upper It
Appears

:~rid the diptenr.

general of C:LChone of these orders. arc grinding insects, prowings;

strange that the wood ci1ne.r nncl the grasshopper can represent the same order. Ihc neuroptertr tiful dragon-fly. sects. Whose four supported iwmaturc
i\TCI

cllirr:lctcristics

coleoptertr

typified

in the bcauinConk wings,

vided with two pairs of dissimilar and usclcss for flight. light, membranous

They

are grinding

the upper pair being opaque, hard, hornv, Thcsc are the elytra and folded downward. which cover the true wings ; the latter being

triLllsprLrc1lt

posed of an cstremelv of nerws.

thin substance, arc

upon a more or less complicated

Sttldy

,,1 tlnf, s~~-c~;ill*vl l)l.;rgitlr-locllct

: \vl~olc~ ;ukcl cl(.t:lil

of

tllcb pr(.(liktory

(~I:LK~.

.\I.

I.-Vt~nlt~llil

The stag-beetlc, beetle, order.

AK

t,hc maybug,

the hcrculesof

The I~jjmenoptera, sect,s.

JXtlWlt

~~1~0, arc grinding

in-

typical

rcpresentatires of wings, although

this

lhcy,

too, arc provided

with tmnsfamily. The are

The

orthoptern

are also grinding both of the upper protect the

wings, which, however, arc ICSSClose-

insects, with two pairs which serve in flight,

ly ribbed than in the preceding

CXiLlll~)lCS 0

wasp, the t~rn~~t~lc-bee and the hone:-bee f this natural order.

pair, harder and closely folded, lower pair when in repose. grasshopper, the so-called belongs to the orthoptera. The hemiptem dissimilar 3SC arc sucking from

The large green praying-locust, insects, very the abovc-de-

10

tlw

lepitloptero
SCAIF

belong the light butinsects provided with the dragonstudy. These we have pur-

tcrflies, which are sucking with four wings. posclp set aside together flies; reserving

as to form

them for a future

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THE
There agrfx&le
pers mtl

INSECT

IS

DECOltAlION
wit11 tile ~VllOlC, it pzKsc< afterWard
tililS.

remain tlw dipterrr, among

SllCkCl.S,

the most disThey are nip-

to deall

insects.
:md

arc: \rc11reprcScnted outlined t.lic classiworl~l; seeking, at the

The

inhect must be prewntcd profile,

hihitS

undfr

hy the mosquito. IYe liaw thus faiiltly fication Initterfics

SO11

its iLh]?CCt\ : it lll\lht 1x2 WC11 from above, fro111 hClO\V, iii
ItS cliffereut

anteriorly,
inuht be notctl:

posteriorlv.
its

of

tlw

insect

wali~,

lC%LSt,to typify prwiousl~

all the orders, omitting

its rcposc, its flight.

hilh

11~1~follow
iUl(l

the de-

and tlic tlmgoii-flies

for the rea-

of its
tllc

lllcmlhs iLllt1

their of

il~tiCUl2Ltions,

StiltCAd, iL.lld tile nionqliitocs, now speak of the

of tlw wings of
fi11:111v Of

their tcSturc, of the lwatl, its body, and the In InGf,

which do not lend t1wiiiselres to decorative

tlTat111e11t.

orllillllclltation
tile
color-scllcllle.

WTe shall

hpecieh which tion, as well

study

WC i1S

IlaW! Wlcctcd for

CXiHlliWl-

:Lllill~SiS

nlllst

bc suficicntly

complete

to in

of What 5llould constitute

a an

pcrniit otlicr

the artist
ilid,

to reconstruct,

without

of insect life.
CRSCS

t lie insect under csamination,

As in all examination an analysis external art.

of studv froin

Nature,

al1 its positions and its attitudes. The trate artists whose designs we lucre illusllaz~c not felt themselves obliged to But the sketches the study of

of the insect, made with a view use, should be, primarily, of * certain, ncvcrtheless, It 15 scrupulous and methodical

toward decorative forms.

furnish complete studies. which we girt indications, Sature

are, so to speak, excellent to indi-

that anatomy can be of no use in decorative But the observation of external forms Beginning must be systematic and logical.

and show how

nlay be ~UIXUCC~ according and methods.

vidual tcmpcranwnt

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THE
The which artists. grasshopper has proven Of this or locust the most species, 31.

CRAFTSMAN
specimens In this of the insect study, a hcing confronted. has of the auother insect is hl. Benedictus The family division of

is the insect int,eresting to Bencdictus

trcatctl the herculcs beetle. tropical coleoytcrm, inhabiting and the Antilles. world, its height thirteen -Igain,

principally

(olombia

It is a giant of the insect attaining twclvc aud even wc must regret studof the wings that the But

ccntinrctrcs. in this instance,

that Al. Bcncdictus icd the iilscct. hcrculw family tlcfining gives addctl intcrcst

1~s only partialI>

from the fact

Ihc position

i3 the only mcmhcr of the

cwlcoptera

which is hcrc studied in flight. for 115the csact prccisc ! This

how intrrcsting and giving

hcust comb. M. I?.-Verneuil

the profile wo~~ltl hart hcen, for111 of tlw horns rcgardilig of insect finely \tudicd variety
il.

information

their articulation offers ination.

US

11. 13cncdictus Ilah litilixccl in , clasp. cs:LI~~CilIlSCS

a study

worthy

of dctailcd

lhc qualitg

of his drawing

us to rcgrct intcrcst,ing details have hand !

find

its incompleteness. the profile and the the insect bv chamctrr What rcsidcs
And

How

in-

In iI dccori~tivc

border,

;\I. JIuch:l

llils

of been hcrc !

aould this wc this

drawn

What,

strength in
w-hilt R

of

structure

little 0rg:uiism ! fruitful schcmc

of

ornament it! in

the artist can derive from 11. Benedictus fine applications: pcrforatcd swords. a plaque

offers us two

steel, somewhat rcThe decorative use of

Comb. M. Red Lalique

calling the guards of Japanese the wings, which arc indicat,cd alone by the strong is most curious is also 379 A study and of webbing, intcrcsting. the -4 comb two

treated perhaps theme.

the

stag-beetle.

But

he has although

not it

made from horn, the work of the same artist, grasshopper:

taken all possible

advantage

of his

His stud)- is charming,

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THE
i; incomplete, with folded,

INSECT

IN DECORATION
bristle, harpooning alive. If an adversary locuit terrify itself dragon. to forced spread ferior cave; of doe5 not into the enemy, a kind of large size appeilr, the retire. of Rut, in order frightfl:l and to it at once small but transforms in its flight the unhapl>y and devoured insect, which is thus tortured

since the insect is represented rather than extended Further wings. do not than the upon sunflowers,

IJis insects, placed rest upon tlifferencc

,justzipsd

the blossoms.

of scale between the insects and the insects are

motif

flowers, which is considerable, upon

the

floral

without

uniting

with it to form a single design. I do not feel qualified pra$ng-locust Rut let me only and chamctcristic of Prothe remainder

The bust is then contracted inward ; the predatory apart, surface; the upper disclose are constellated the abdomen wings the black

,As for myself,

claws, being and white the incon-

offer a study of the so-called or to treat it decoratively. he permitted one of the most singular of our country. WIICC, the Prie-Dim of

hpots which

upon

to tlcscribc the insect, which is The Prep-Diou

becomes

are elongated

hori-

zontally ; whilr the lower ones are pointed upward. In truth, the insect thrn assumes

France, ancient

is also the Prophet

(%Tuvrhr) of the names havof

a strange, hare posing

ferocious

and fantastic

attitude. and

Greeks : t,hcsc singular which it assumes. confounding awaits for

I have reprcscntcd

it thus in combat,

ing been acquired the attitudes Green foliage, prey. acter of in color, this locust

hy the insect because itself hours,

used this characteristic a diaden-comb.

pose in comstudy that the

with with names With of claws truly

I~& nie add to this brief triangular and girts facial head of

this insect is movable,

unwearying For

patience,

the passing

of small

to its owner a real and powerful

the gent,lc and gracious carnivore. predator_v

expression. to add in closing and artist, insects Among It is treats The 573 introduces

under which it passes, conceal the true charthis formidable with its long in prayer. the hooks, It is quite unnccssary that the great 31. RenC Lalique, into the decoration often its bust inflated and tense, reflection, folded and joined, in an attitude Nature-student

the locust appears

of his jewels.

to be absorbed locust extend;

Rut let a gnat with which they

such themes we note the grasshopper. also useless to observe that M. Lalique such themes with great distinction.

pass, and immediately

the long claws of the

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THE
comb and the necklace prove fact our statement here illustrated, and will point geniuses

CRAFTSMAN
will of that America style, had for produced. subtile For rcfinein mcnt of

to the

psychology

that one of the greatest

creation, he had but little taste. admire either Meredith he was introduced plishcd dismissed dramatic on to join in admiring most modern movement Very

He could not When

our times has put into practice given a half century Nature-worshiping has renewed arts. He and has placed has Michclet.

the counsels M. Lalique craft, deof

or Stimson.

ago by the thoughtful, traditional effected

to Ibsens plays and called their union of accomwith the of ideas, they were clever, I must say. of style nor advanced stand in t.he way of of a and among the books of Pierre Loti and of all craftsmanship

his ancient largely

it upon a level with the fine these his passionate kingdoms return devo: by to the,

by him in the terse and compre-

sirable results through the animal and

heiisivc criticism, modernism

tion to the minute and humble creatures vegetable and loyal making a frank

I%.rt neither elaboration

of treatment his appreciation

when the subst,ance

Great Mother.

book was to his liking, were the masterpieces Maurice Maeterlinck. of himself Waster

which in recent years he praised most highly

and therefore

WILLIAM ART AND

MORRIS:

HIS

TASTES

IN

near him, 3Iorris sion of his actual

at the same time retained in the expresor feelings on by thoughts

LITERATURE. of modern inroot themhe

the most chilc~like simplicity any subject,

F
ing.

OR the refined products genuity which

and was as little hampered

did not

false shame as he was guided to the end of his life. him to a friend manners If

by convention. you introduced susAs

selves back on that old tradition,

In some points he remained. an absolute child and he had the faintest became intolerable.

had as little taste in literature he read with the greatest those which, imaginary, its simplicity ture, especially remained facts he face of life, without which

as in paintwere

The modern books which in later life enjoyment artifice or distinction his ideal in

picion that he was there to be shown off, his instantly, childlike was another of his charactcristicsthe constant the things desire to be in actual touch with he loved. He became a member no other of The seemed If him, of Antiquarians:for painted

of style, dealt with a life whether actual or approached and its close relation among to face to Na-

a face of people who with the elementary fully Mr. In this spirit, works or like Uncle willing Finn, to be

of the Society

reason than that he might be part-owner one of their mediaeval mere handling books. thing pleasure. said of of a beautiful

and had never become by civilization. and praised

sophisticated admired from Doughtys Remus, which

574

to give him intense physical for hell a minute, Burne-Jones

Brabia

Deserta,

you have got one of his books in your hands take it away from you as if you were it, and show it you himself.

which he was always or Huck pronounced

and eager to read aloud, he half-jestingly the greatest thing,

hurting

whether in art or nature,

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011 ,Ittll

island,
IllllliLk

AtkiL iS1iLlld,

011 ;Itk;L iLlId

iSlilll(1,

Sikol,\f:lk-

ski

011

l~ll:l1ilSkiL,

iishili,
TllillilhkiL illC

Kiwl~iga,

(llcniofski

ant1

I3cwrl;;~ Of bnskctry of

01~

iSliLIld, tllcl 1lliLtcriillS Sillll(, liScY1

tllCs
:llr

witli
iii

tllC> crcc~ptioii What its :Lll,

tllosc~ is said iLI1,1

tllirt

wllich

~lc~~Orilti011. gYilSS illld Of

Of OllC

iIS

t0

tllCs
fill1

curing
CXCept

plX~MliltiOll, iimrc illl(l

I)(% Sili(l skill

ilt

ww At
kit,

anal tllilll -wilt1

:tw
ilIly

crcrchd Of tllC! OtllVl

oiilr lllilkillg

at

,\tt

Ii

~)lilCC>. lti:ltCriiiT

KrikSS, 'l'll~~ ~~ipplic~tl I)?

ryc~,ptlic~
fOY

1l:ltLllT

tllC

Of t)iL01,

kcsts

iii

t l~cw

rcxfiioiis
, :\11d

) gro\\s all It :Llong is :I t\vo incli IOOkS

plY~fllscl\

;lII

tllc

i<lillltlb
Of

tllc ~lcstc~lm co;irsc, feet long It

IIC:LV.T

COilht
gliLS.S,

Alahl\:1.

wit11 I)l:ttl(~
11101c tllilll illltlllllll. IllIt

iilwiit

1)~ :L Ilcads like ligllt.

littl(s iii tlw

il IliLlf
illl(I

wide.

~Olll~~~\~lliLt

\VIlc'ilt:

tllCs llC:itlS ill( is

Sc~1tl0111 :tiiv il l.iLllk cdgr. CV(11 IlrltS, 1llil.k~~

g~llCl:~llV

:in(l

tlicw
is

pxin

in Of this

tliclli.
fflilri

IllClC

:II\l.il?.S n-:1tc?s

glY)\Vtll In
011 Ill

;lloll~ tllc gro\vs

tllc

\ill:qy2s, of

it
t11c

c~Ix~r\-\~llcrc.
01

t11e top

hruhr~i,s,
live. ,\ltlwugdi tllcb tll;lt
Of ,~l(~lltiilll

SOd

\VlllCll tllc is \-cry

lliltl\<S

111~~I)ilSlict hCl(vtioii
tilll~llt in front

CillY2flll cspcric~ticc

iii

tlicw
irlilll(lS,

:trc

viglit
IllOSt f)ZLYS

villqp Of
Illl(lC1

;~III~I~~

tllo

Of llcsl* XslilSS ; IOlIg Il<r tllilt

Of to get

tllcs

b:lSkCt5

llil\.ill~ SO l.iLllk

tllc gViL<S gmnving

lY:l(ll tllc
AAttll.

lllZlll\Ct :I

tllC lli\lllC has tllis not phco, ,COltllc

11(1. d0Or
Stlollg~

is

CO:lISC

alltl m:ttcJust

31iLllY liiintircdill1 Attll

hskrt of iliiles

n-Ilid of

.\Wilk,
I.iill, lwtol~c

:wd
SIIC

t11:tt
lll!!St

tollgll l~illsitles.

l~wi is

witldn
ilS

go

to hcgiiis

tllc t0

SOltl

t0 tllc
110t

uiisusfwc+iiig
1)~CilIlSc

tlw tlw is
Cilll

,qx5s first
:Lt

11Cil(l,

tllilt

is, tlw tinw.

Icdor. tlealt~r
Ild

Illis wisli(5 to
Ill

is

:tlM.:l?.i

lwtwvcw gLowtll
\VOlll(ll ilig

:wcl its
WC11

tlrc

lrlitltllc
illl(l,

of *July, at tliis

IlliSlciLd, l)llt I)cC;Lllw f:lCt,

II<, clock< \-cry 1liLrtl I);Wket is

IKht,

k11on. to

it is

Oftcsll

:I

I)(

ill1 OVCl tll? it for

pihs

liills

gSltllC?rnorl;.
it is a

IllilttC1

dccitlc n:Lt iws

WlIc~W :L cc~rt:Liii moving froili

I~lCtllOdS

c~ii:illtities

of

tlrc

winters
cutting:

lllmlc
to

: for

OIIC

village
thCTl1.

Iliis
slow

is
iLll(I

ii0

oi-dii~:~~~

;~llOtll~l~, tillrc' tlicir

\Vitll

tcvlioiis

l)lwCCSS rc+jwtin,g

Of

sclccting
llllSlliti~l~lC.

tile

111~brc i$, Iion.cv(~r, \VCiLVCOf il. l)i\SkCt

fort In tllc- lor:dit~-

usiially wliicli
froln

sonietliiirg
illtliCiltW to

in tlic
Zlll CS-

go1
Scwr

:tlltl of
IIIOTC

tllcb

tll:lll t11rcc , :u1tl

f10111

OftcYl only new

:l lllllCl1

two al-c
1llOTC

wliicll
,\IClltiilll

it

Ci\lllC.

I)l:Ltl('S 5L1C t;lk(ll

tilt! Stillk.
iI1C

:III

of

tllr

eigllt

vilhp

: A\ttu

tllf

~OllllgCl~

OllCS,

wliicli

Of

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clcslic:ttc fil)rc ;LIIC~;kw n111(*11 stro11gcr tllilll

tt1c 01ttcT l('il\.,'h.
:,1c1 t,rotic11 OfY at

111(~tlrying
i1I.c illlllOSt

i3 fiiii41ctt tlr)-,
ttlc

iildoors.
t)llrldleS

~Vlicii
i,LlC

tire! aiid

'111ose t,\vo or tllrec

tt1cs txLsC, :ml, \vllell

t~l:ulcs
t:~ti~w

SCt>f1rtttl

ilito
tllc%

\vihps ;it)out
(~IltlS

ttie

him ,I

of

a finqr,
SO

l1oIIlc, \\.Il~W ~1llw~l

2~10SprC:~d out
tt1yv tkw :dKnlt

in rows

oil tlic>

gro~iii~l,

t)Yilitl(~tl lOOhCt>
iiot tangtc.

tOg(xttlCr,

tllat

Cil~~f~llt~
t\vo weeks.

\VZtt ('ll('tl Zlll(l

I1 lC> ill-C

tlicsy

wilt

single

piccc prltls

can out :I

f'o1 out of
tllc,

I)(& t)~ilt~~l omit, *jwht :is a woiil:in tl1rC:ltl of tlarniilg

COttOll flWll1

lq)t

tliv

siiiitigtit
t~~ll(lS

as inuCt1 as t0 tlry It. is trout~lctl ot~scrvatioi~S tll(! trlic

tmsitO0

;L t)lXitl.
is split fiiicnc~~. Of
CII1-

I)lCx Siliccb clliicklv i~I:tutlh

~llillc.

IICb;lt

gliLSS

\Vl1csii it iS to 1)~ SO used, I+ it11 t Iicb tliliiiit)

Itlc

ttle

gr:iss

for arc
Soiiw

strc~iigtti. v(rv little

ttiat wit11

tl1c s~iii-

ixiit
of

to tllc

tlcsirvtl
11K!tl10,1

rw!lt

tllc :ho\.c

wxttrc~r

1)~ tlw
il

111~ gi\w straw AIt ,\ttLi, cutting tl1c wl1olc Ijut ttiis it

:i ricti

straw fiiicr

color straw

to

ttlc

c0:irwi n-hitc. 1)) lit) dry. white :

l~~ls~iilll

lilihsioil:wv
Vc:llY,

\eilinininof,
StlO\V

covc~riiig
Clcilr

: wl1itv ttic tl1c.v iii stalk,

lllilt~~i;~l

is aliiiost stilt

lx~riocl Of SCVCll
cl;iyS, tlllYY on( CtOlltt?ttlirtv

fifty-tlIl(C
I1~1i~tlrctl

c~ir(s :i grass SovCi1itwr roots and

wliitcr

tlioliS:iiitl (IiLJ-S. tl:lyS ltiis

two
Ztlltl

<istytW0

llmging until
lll:lkC

011~

tllOllSillld IiliflcYl. lll<illl

uptwriiiost, t0

llllll~lrc~ct 01 sllll

\vt1111 it not

Iiiril,~d

is llsctl Ollly

Sl10\5xYl. \Vil3 for

tloc5

tllilt
in
il SW

tllc! %\.(I1

2tripcs
:Ls it is

ii) tlic wart) \-qJvc:lk,

Of drawstring
Ilil\.illg

hsltcts praCtici\ll~ cut. at Attu, is :I

ScYIl Olltv
it is il ll0t

fort \--tlllXT

tiiiich

hi1

T(:Ll4,

1111~0111111011 t0

tloxc~ll

wentt1crcd ib stilt

\vtiitc

tx~forc

it was

11lC1c and wry ttie Of first taken only it

I Y Io\\crs

iii

(I:Lv wit11 hrigtit wo1il(l

sunstiinq,

hc-

:inotliw at

ZlIilClC procured
Th~tarkn. ot~t:hctl Tt1is t)y
ttlc

twc~tii.
<lily.

?ct

tl1is

11ot tw co~~iitc~tl a ct<x:ir

IlXS

hoi11Ctii11vs
soft gY:LSS kil-#WI. llcill

\VtlPll

tll(' gYl\S

W2l<!ll('tl ttlc

tIlT-

kccping
tlOllSC Sll:ldcl

pr

tlcgrcc two
SOl+~Yl.

Of wftlrc5s

Or wilt,-ptll;it into all ttic st)lit ttic

is,

in

tll0

llOllh(S,

iii

:~t)out
:1ntl

wcv2lcs. it iS takcii 11 I( t 11, <L(I(5 . irwtli~iiri pii(Ics tliree rib parts Iwing
arc

11011s~

ttic pmrtl~
two oiit and

of wctts mid pxss,

It first as in ttic iii tllc grass,

for

ttic

sc~tMr;ltctl, fine iiinei Of tt1c

wvccks Of tlicx cliring. ttricd, mow tllc tl1c witt1 iuto or wl1itc

is tticn

ttic tlic

co:~i~sc~, ttic two co:~rScr into

and art

rncttiod,

t)lild< : (xcll 11iiving

ttluitib lvitli
V1T.l.

its 0\$-11pitc.

IllOsc wit11

is kept Ihidc are for

slindc. ttlc only nlnteriillh

At ,Ittil,

Ilscd

nail

; tllc

inidtllc

t)iccc
Ttle

tlccornlions. colored silks,

they
Of

tl1C Il(avV
filW, ~OLlll~

(liSCi1rdC.d.

tlCcor:~tc workccl gwcii wrv ttiroat t)y tlrc

or

wOrstctls, stripes

t)liLtl(S iIF.
inucti liimltin~,

tO0 Soft
so tticy
ill? gMdCS

and are
IlO\!

dcsigiis, grass, papcry

wit11 vertic:~l and, skin

tciith

as yet, for

wliitc and

ill%), wit11 the

taken fmiity, At the Only wl1ite JI:lkushin from the called other decoeaglcand colorttl
nut t11ew

clricstl whole. inadt

011 il
firilSS.

1tlC tliECrCiit l)lli1dt~5 xnd IinC,

in snliilt
sOI+

liung
1YlMlC

Olit to dry Of t)lXidd

Of :I fish of tl1C sculpin n:ltivCs silks saw is uwtl and Kotosllka. are

Of CtOtllCS

Itiis
mcl

iiiliht
clo11dy

tw tlonr
days.
:md

altogetti~~r on
t11c pl-0 this c1i.v=

pt~~~s, ratiow, tlown Ihrkn,

iLll(t wOrsteds ttiat bv tliiii paints, w1doni,

f ORg\
rectuircs iilg, 4

0cc:rsionalty natives strips at at

shout

a n10nt~t1. st:qc,

IhIring t)undlc tlic

:it :i cerhiii Or wrung, tlir

cnctl

is twiStfibrcs :ind

Of sea-gut, T~iniiak. swii

SO as to scpar~~tc graw 11lO1-c pti:ihlc

wit11 natirc
two

i~iakc

mid

tor!gti.

last

arc

if evtrY

now.

At

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one time, the use of the clown of eagles and of other birds was quite common with all the natives, but this was long since discontinued. \Vorsteds and silks arc generally and are more when the they to handle. get Often, proc~irable from the traders convenient wearer3 ing-s. Bfar the greater indoors. part of the baskrt of the naweaving is done during the winter months JIost caunot

place and in such light l~erc it is done. chin. Often The

is hard to tell, yet weaver girl, of sits on the five or six presence, good zigzag,

ground with knees doubled up nearly to her some little never know years old, away in a corner, so quiet that one would lifetime, \vark. straight, While different her weaves away as if she had been doing it a and she does surprisingly There is a little girl six years old and who does

these materials,

ravel out a scrap of cloth and use the ravel-

at Atka who can weave with &her or crossed warp, the types villages quite as good

and, therefore, or sod huts.

work as some of the women. of basket made in the are usually distinct, in

tives in the western villages live in bmwbnms Thehc are all alike and from mounds Jhcrc is a little door Tltc door opens the outside look like grass-covered about 4is feet high. wiiitlon

at the side, near one end, and a ~~~11 glazed at the other end. into a room about four or five feet long by sercii or eight wide. place
gl'iLs\.

On one hide is a fire utensils and a pile of for fuel. with

wit11 cooking

roots, etc., called chiksha, into the living

At tile other side is a wooden partition a door opening

room, which

is from seven to ten feet square, with stra\\ on the floor and a narrow wooden bunk on each hide. The inhabitallts are kept warm several village instances, strange rnixtures have minon the one been found, for when a basket-maker of one n~ores to another, she generally with Attu, gles the methods of both places. Starting as the Attu height about there comes first the often This known is a colThe burden-basket of the people, drawstring. by not allowing any of the hratcd air to live chiefv On entering will

escape, and as the natives state of the atmosphere. of thew huts, a novice

dried salmon, it is not hard to imagine immrdiately

back out to get a breath of fresh air, but if there is hope of a basket to be found, the collector making cannot a strong he kept away, and soon he takes a mental effort,

lapsible hasket, cylindrical

in shape, with a the warp, or strap which is b-w 014

equal to its diameter.

long breath of air and dives in, not hreathing again until he comes to the surface with his trophies. they and henutiful Il~cse must hc aired before How such fine work ran he done in such a can be stored away.

upper ends of the grass forming top, and continues on in a string llic wave

terminate in a braid which runs around the for carrving, about three times as long as

tile haslict is wide.

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THE
p~culiiw to Attu, :Lltlioligl~ indated
J)IiWCS,

CRAFTSMAN
so &imp from tlic :~tmosplicrc that it does not hire fo tx even dnmpcned alien worked. The Tlw warp fcshle Attn cowred from hskets fincl~ arc split nlwa~3 grass. iL In smnll find m:dc
alld Closely iLllllOSt

in other the

is iL plain
i1

twine,
At

OpenWork \Veave,
the I)OttOlll,

wit11

zigzag

WfLrp.

warp is straight

and rcdiatcs

to the sides,

weare is $1plaiu twine with r?.straiglit

tllYLWll Woof,

nitlking hskct.

ht

watertight

we:tving, the woof is drawn close at once, as is the cnsc with all fine work of tlicsc natives, and is not drircn sometimes tliesc hslwts th
down ZLftC1WiLlY1S,

as is in

snpposctl.

Ilic

dccor;itions

are tlonr with silk or wornted Illcrr is

ills0 il

tlwcids ; the figures lwing soittcrctl all over sides and top.
t)y

pleasing or three sinall

\.iLl.iiltioll 111:dc

working

two

rows wit11 crossetl wwp, Iiesi~gonal openings. It is in cigarette nlirrc thhr in iL ZigZiLg; the :uljoiniilg foriiiing give
C;llTyillg

tliiw foririing

cases that the climax is in hslictry Ilicse to nrc fineness.

straws arc split and chmd ciicl~ half Iwing

up

reitcld,
COlllpillY~

for tlierc is nothing wtti their

IVillJ),

cinight dtcr-

natcly I)p tlw woof with its otlicr half and hitlf of the nest straw, thus openings. wlwr~ tlic so as to of strcngtli
-tllRt tliitll~lll:L1

lllildc wit11 straight hskcts,

plain twine weave, Sonic of the finer

the same that is used in tlie sindl cowrcd hit mucli finer.

extra

stixin

fiLllS,-

is, at tlW plRW hi+

\VllClT

tlic string tllcrc twistctl

hottoni
iLlC

i\ attwlwtl
tllrcc 01

:intl tlic place whcrc oppositc,of

to four Illc~e

it is iuntlc fast, into

on tlic

pie&s
cstcwl

grim
the

cords.

tund form
&lll~), illl(l Vi111

part
h:LSkct<

of

tlw
ilIT

warp.

Tn

their niitiw rlimate, wlicrc the iitmosplicrc is

:ll\V:lJ7 StI-Ollg tllC>-

tllese
C:llTv

surprisingI> s:dmon
thll :lS

5iIfCly

il!,

1ll:Lll.V

hold, tllc

l;Ll*gWt

of

from
2Lt

forty to fifty pounds.

il

Ih

htiiii~lxislwts in
l)lY~kCll

ht~iLIll~ll~~il,tCVl lll~!SCIllll

iniglit lK!

:1 tolld1. t)il\kCt

Ilic decorations consist of a horder

OIL this type of of \I.Olbtd, or hskcts arc cigarette cases IIRW as i~~aiiy 8s fifty In weaving, tlic weaver meslies has two in to the inch. to keep tlic work

w~r4tctl and fihll skin, *just below tile l)lXid. It i7 sonietiincs said tliat the worm under water, hit the straw is dwnrs

smootli :~nd straight,

round piwes of wood, one ii little greater

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ALEUTIAN
diameter than the other, over which the outer and inner parts of the case are woven. They are then drawn off, finished at the tops, creased at the bottoms and slipped

JZASKETRY
heavy and in a wrapped twine weave, differing from the plain twine in having oneelement of the woof running horizontally outside the basket. Though roughly finished, However, it this basket is quite attractive. is seldom seen away from the island, as it is made for daily use, and not for sale. There is no decoration; but around the top there These natives is a heavy braid to which a strap or rope is tied, by which to carry it. also make mats in the straight warp openwork, and cover bottles with a great waste of beautifully fine work. The baskets made at Nikolski are, for the greater part, a coarse imitation of the Attu They are of bad shape drawstring. However, a basket is and have no string.

one inside the other.

The decorations are

sometimes found at this place which is different from any found elsewhere. It is a straight warp, plain twine openwork weave. The bottom is very coarse, but beautifully flat and evenly made. The sides come up straight, but the diameter is greater at the

of silk, very often with several rows of open They work, done with the crossed warp. are almost always charming in both color and design.. Beside .the baskets above mentioned, the Attu natives make mats of the same weave as the drawstring baskets, and cover bottles with the close weave used in the covered baskets. At Atka, the most usual product is a large covered basket of straight warp, plain twine weave ; the woof running in rows, more or less separated, leaving rectangular openings. The sides bulge out like a barrel and are larger at the top than at the bottom. The pieces are decorated all over the tops and sides with worsted or silk. Here the small covered baskets are similar to those made at Attu, only, as a rule, the work is finer. The Atka burden-basket is the strongest of all the Aleutian baskets ; being made very

top than it is at the bottom.

Near the bot-

tom, the weave is coarse and the warp heavy. At every row or two of the woof, the warp is split and the weave becomes finer and finer,
579

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THE
the warp is terminated decorations, seal-gut, paints. At arc larger Chcrnofski large and of and Bashiga irrcgulnr if any, and are of worsted colored in a fine braid. are at the upper or very t.hin strips

CRAFTSMAN
The natives of good the Makushin covered difference and regular and one that are and basket that Reorka of the The edge of

till at the top it is of a close fine weave where

make a very baskets, though with of

same weave as that used at Attu smooth basket than

in covered these, a more holds its with At the weave, are

red or black,

with native the baskets shape, much The

much coarser serviceable shape present better time,

and heavier,

making

the finer ones. decorated

nt the top than at the bottom.

these

Atks

Fiyg;VI.

Typos of Attu and AtkaAT;-k

Attn

WCRVC is the plain twine with straight the fows in the woof being separated tervals as great as half an inch. drcoratcd coloring. irregular, top. all over with worsted :I war attractive tion of the At& and rntlicr savage drawstring,

warp, by inare

worsted,

but until quite recently, stripped an inch from and eagle give

the ends plumes, a pretty all the and the shapes

of the down, out about

They

were woven in, so that the little plumes stand fcntlicrv different influcncc effect. where natives from is strong, islands come from time to time, the of the whites

and are in in their and

There also is ma& a poor imitacoarse with no braiding or string at the

At enalaska,

baskets take all manner of fantastic

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ALEUTIAN
and show all sorts of combinations and only string, designs. noticeable There &askets of the Attu drawstring difference being of weaves good the the in type,

RASKETRY
nothing about basketry, as the great majorthe chief reason for ity of customers the high valuation ble, and so far out solely for are of this class. placed on Attu and Atka from the beaten of track of

are some very

As was said above,

which is either shorter or omitted alThere arcalso of Unalaska some good covered type, but the great

baskets is that these places are so inaccessivessels, that it will not pay to send a vessel the purposes collection.

together. majority

baskets of the Makushin

baskets are crude and

gaudy

imitations

of better baskets made at if the collector obas to Of

Communication curs twice

with the outside at Atka,

world

OC-

other places.

In fact,

a year,, once when a schooner, goes out and a little later at ,the which is sent the welfare the of schooner

tains a basket which is such a hybrid defy classification, it down as a product of Unalaska.

owned by a trader living early in the spring, arrival the

he will be safe in putting

of the revenue cutter, Th e owner of

course, such baskets are all made to sell, and these monstrosities competition thing arc simply the result of somcand the desire to invent

out each year to look after people. takes out supplies brings

new that will attract .thosc who know

away baskets and furs.

for the .year, and, in turn, ... The natives.

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588

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are wholly dependent on the trader for these supplies, while he practically owns the population, keeping it in debt most of the time. He never fails toget out early in the spring, knowing how few baskets would be left if the cutter should chance to arrive first. But the natives know that the cutter will soon arrive, and they keep hidden all the baskets that they dare. These people are pleasant to deal with and speak English well enough to be easily They are inclined to favor understood. the officers of the cutter, and, as a rule, never make them ,pay more than twice as much as the trader; unless they are bad at a bargain. Like all natives, they are good merchants, and appear utterly indifferent, whether they trade or not, and, in fact, act as if they were doing a iavor, wh,en they bring out a basket which they are really longing to sell. It is slow work dealing with them, and impossible to get all the baskets they have to sell; in less than three or four days, as they never bring out more than one, ata time, and as each one wants to see what kind of bargains the others are making. How; ever, they do not object -to having their barabaras rummaged,. and as this is by far the quickest metho,d, it is usually employed, for after th,e basket is found,, there is never any trouble in making a purtihase.: : I ,, , RUSHIN AS. MASTER OF ,PROSE :

->

ALEUTIAN _I i

BASKETRY
out sign of weakness or decay; its stern wasteness and gloom, eaten away by the Channel winds, and over-grown with the bitter sea grasses; its slates and tiles all shaken and rent, and yet not falling; its desert of brick-work, full of bolts, and holes, and ugly fissures, and yet strong, like a bare brown rock; its carelessness of what any one thinks or feels about it; putting forth no claim, having no beauty, nor desirableness, pride, nor grace; yet neither asking for pity; not, as ruins are, useless and piteous, feebly or fondly garrulous bf better days; but useful still, going through its own daily work-as some old fisherman, beaten gray by storm, yet drawing his daily nets: so it stands, withno complaint about its past youth, in blanched and meagre massiveness and serviceableness, gathering human souls together underneath it; the sound of its bells for prayer still rolling through its rents; and the gray peak of it seen far across the sea, principal of the three that rise above the waste of surfy sand and hillocked shore,-the lighthouse for life, and the belfry for labor, and this-for patience and praise.

This passage I take to be one of the most magnificent examples of the pathetic lacy :,,in our language. Perhaps pathetic fallacy falthe

is second-rate art; the

passage is too long ; two hundred eleven words, alas ! without one full stop, and more than .forty commas and other marks of punctuation-it has trap or chases-it has redundancies, tautologies, we are strictly severe-but and artifices, if what a picture,

what pathos, what subtlety of observation, what nobility of association-and withal how complete is the unity of impression! How mournful, how stately is the cadence, most harmonious and yet peaceful is the p,hraseology, and how wonderfully do thought, the antique history, the picture, the musical bars of the whole piece combine in beauty. ing-and, A wonderful bit of word-paintperhaps, word-painting, at least on a big canvas, is not strictly lawful -but- Such a picture as few poets and no prose-writer has surpassed !
583

T
of

prove

my

assertions regarding

Ruskin, I take a well-known piece of his early writing, the old Tower a passage which has

Calais Church,

haunted my memory for nearly forty years :

The large neglect, the noble unsightliness of it; the record of its years written so visibly, yet with-

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581

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lift2 iiiatlc prtgrcss,

possil)lc and

1)~ scic~ntific ;I grcxtcr iii the

and

so&l a

tl1c sut~urhn

IIO~ISC11:~sacquired importance. to any tlctaclicd iniinediutc

T
I)CCilllSL

n-ltltar iiiwiiiiig 0 build for tlic tlct itcl1cd liousc is a prob

TTowcrcr ofhw it

1h tvriii can now lx applit~tl tlwclliiig;, in :I village. siiiw

systc~lll

let11 wliicli novcr lwcs its attr:ictions arcllitwts. sllclr may lx) llrtwlltetl, it pcrn1its Skilfully fitting it is always infinite wriet~y uc\v, of

wlwtlicr

sitllatcd

wiglrl~tuhwt1 tlicw

of :I l:~rgc city or town, or at tlits sitlc of a country v:wious poilits, under

lliL\.C hconlc

or yet road ;

tl1c new cqutl-

tlY~.tlll~llt.

Iimdletl,

the liousc bcto the point mrtl co111-

of ~ciitr:lliz~~tioii, :ui(l ptrori:tgt~ city.

coincs

il part

of its surroundings

ly aiiblc~bci?r : tll:it tcctioil distant

is, t~tltl:tlly 1111(1t1r tlic proof tl1ts 11iorc or Iw3

ofscciiii~1g woi*k of plctt% Kit11

:tiitl nc~ct~ssnr~ to tllcrn : tllc of

natwe.

nlai1 wliicl1 supplciilciits tlw tlcwlopi1it~nt trailsit, of tlic tlic proI)almost lllcre far. city, from prison 11:~s now fields. hi its
oscap.

t11ta work

11iciuu of rapid Iail, witlliii tiplichd ymd its

a few ycvrrs, has rnulinttwst I)cis 110

conception.

11101e 11(3:11 or

The 111:111
and coliand the tlail> or rtasiof tllc tro11cy with
I%2

nlio was once cihincd f

lid

in cllstoin,

the

led k)y that ors, howl tlciiw key car stoiw

stcrncst

of a11 j:kilhricli of his fortrtw taken

The

to tlic graiiitc of tllc

of

liis offiws,

11:~s provitlctl 11:~s lost

tl1c word

111c:1115

subrwhi tlirougli

incaniiigy of the Tlic coiic~t~ptioii of to tl1c skirts Of

ii

the txwad~~niiig clillgiirg

itlcn wl1icll it rcprcscnts. ,gl~on~~s of llorlst5 city,as supl)li:tiits sclicnic utilizes

\\itll hut for

tlris Il~ld~rs~i~~l~li~lg of :I tcriii, which, t I1c offcrctl tlw thirtl c~spl:m:~tion, scnsc, Wit 11otisc of tlic iiiight Cmftsrrim Scrics of he

for itluiiici~ml

:xtlv:ult:tSgts,

nTt.~ivt~(l in a liiliitrttl lxoscnts

11:~spasst~1 :~w:ty, to Iw rcplncctl l)rogrcssirc trict, wlturc~ tion. So, iii :wcord:~iicC wliicli of tlic cities tlic ccntralizctl

1)~ tlitl 1i1orc

dis:kntl actiritics

of tlic mctropoliti~ii ctmvciiitwcc

1904.
Tlilikc scrilwtl ily. its t\vo })rctl~n5sors. tllc liolw2 dcnuinbcr localcertain SUgxntl illlwtratctl For in tl1c pwiit as to its proper that dwelling first

for tl1e comfort,

of lilr& :tlt:tSOf sc:lt t erCd 1WpIll:L- is iii ii0 wise restrict4 with the new
lnallrlC1

it Jvill 1~ rciricrr1twwl

of

cxtcrior

f?iLturcs

of tllc

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586

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A CRAFTSMAN
gested a region characterized by bright sunlight and deep shadows, like the Pacific slope, and that the second scheme was peculiarly fitted to accent the view offered by the gray weather of the Atlantic coast; while, at the same time, no feature of either design was so pronounced as to detract from the general of the whole. usefulness and adaptability

HOUSE

color as those of the house and are laid in a similar manner. The latter might, as time passes, be covered with some species of light vine, and, in this way, give an added interest to the effect 4 the whole. protection Barriers of this kind are to be recommended, not only for the which they afford against marauders, both human and animal, but, also, from an artistic point of view; since they serve the purpose of the frame toward the picture : that is, they bind together and unify house and landscape. Indeed, too much emphasis can not be laid upon the surroundings

T
ond

HE house now presented is to be erected upon a lot .of ample size and to face the South or the South-East;

having a garden upon its West side t.o which a flight of steps descends from the living room. It is to be built up to the secstory of common hardburned bricks, with the use of tlose which vary from deep red to shades of rich reddish brown ; as by this means an interesting play of color is assured for the walls,especially when they stand in full sunshine. The bricks are laid with wide joints of dark brown (almost black) out to soften the effect. The rear wing and the entire mortar ; the joints being slightly raked

second story are shingled and XALL stained a deep brown, like that ; = Irl 3 qFELT 77 1 e 9~~ KXAIZ LLPXATION of weathered oak : this color proof a dwelling ; for all details : the box hedges, ducing - with the varied tones of the brickwork a harmony most grateful to the eye. the flower-beds, the running vines, the basins The cornice and the moldings are stained or painted with a similar brown, while the sash complete the refined exterior color-scheme with a note of green, which, by way of contrast, heightens the ruddy effects of the The walls forming the front barbricks. rier of the lot are of the same material and The interior of the house is treated in simple, direct style. The principal, or living room, ample in size and conveniently ar587 with their water jets and their aquatic plants, add so many distinctive marks of ownership and personality.

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THE

CRAFTSMAN

ranged, is finished, as are also the hall and the dining room, in white oak, which has been fumed to a light, soft brown ; the floors being slightly darker than the other portions of the woodwork. In this room, the plaster of the frieze and of the ceiling is left in the gray and rough under the float;
588

thus affording a neutral tone which never becomes fatiguing to the sight. The hearth and the facing of the mantel are in green Grueby tiles, this color being one of the principal elements of the decorative scheme. The walls are covered with linen canvas in

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www.historicalworks.com

CRAFTSMAN

HOUSE

It is glazed in dull, quiet colors harmonizing with the walls, Japanese The stati-railing which are here treated in grass cloth of a gray-green is paneled shade.

for the greater

part of its height, with the top finished by a simple screen, and the newel post, formed by <a plain pillar, serving as a pedestal for a jar of flowers. The dining room offers the feature of a

sideboard

built into the wall: a device which

Gob&n

blue,

stenciled

with

a wheel-andin yellow folds to

bird-design, linen floss.

in which the eyes of the birds

. and the two discs are embroidered The curtains, hanging stripes in a different ing as a background, tone. in straight

the sills, are in green linen with self-colored The rug repeats and the green and the blue; the first color scrvwith the border shades of both oak ;

the small figures in different colors. The furniture

is of dark gray-brown table, being frames

the window and chair cushions, together with the top of the library leather. few golden willow chairs, of green stained in the To the heavier pieces are added a with green, and cushions made from

same material as that of the curtains. In this room the electric lighting are of wrought terns and straw-colored The hall is so planned as a reception adds interest room. glass shades. that the stairs and A staircase window fixtures laniron, with dark copper

vestibule enclose a space which may be used to this division of the house.

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
and a private connection with the bath. fortable and homelike. It , is intended for family use and-is most comThe remaining bedrooms of the second story, although smaller,, are yet conveniently appointed, and if still more sleeping rooms be required, two may be located on the third floor; otherwise the entire upper story may be converted into a study or a smoking room. From this detailed description, it may be seen that the simplicity expressed in the elevation is not falsified by the interior, and that the house may justly lay claim to the title of a home. It remains but to fix the cost of building, which, varying somewhat with local conditions, should in no case exceed five thousand five hundred dollars, and this sum, which can not be characterized as unreasonable, grows still more alluring through the assurance that the house, if finished as here suggested, will have no need of important repairs for a long period to come.

thus becomes both structural and decorative,. and is, therefore, greatly to be recommended. The windows at the rear of this room open upon a commodious porch which, if desired, may be enclosed for a breakfast room. The dining room is not directly connected with the living room, since, in so small a house, the domestic service is accomplished more quietly and privately through the separation in the present plan. The ceiling of the dining room is covered by a heavy cotton canvas painted in light tan color, and paneled with oaken. strips three inches in width and three-quarters of an inch in thickness. The walls are here covered with golden brown linen canvas, which is stenciled with a pleasing design in old blue, a much lighter green, and notes of clean yellow; the latter appearing in the small tufts, which are Gmbroidered in gellow linen floss. The curtains are also in yellow ; while the floor rug shows a brown center, with old blue as the second most important color-element, yellow. The arrangements for service are well being and details in green and

planned and complete ; the pantry

large and so placed that it isolates the remainder of the building from the noise and the odors of the kitchen. In these portions of the house the cases are left without paneling, and the walls are covered with linoleum having metal moldings at the floor-line. The room for the single maid servant is located in thesecond story. .. The principal bedroom of the house is It, is ,large

N a community regulated only. by laws of demand and supply, but protected from open violence, the persons who become speaking, industrious,

rich are, generally

resolute, proud, covetous, prompt, methodical, sensible, unimaginative, insensitive, and ignorant. The persons who remain poor I are the entirely foolish,the entirely wise, the idle, the reckless, the humble, the thoughtful, the dull, the imaginative, the sensitive, the tie11 informed, the improvident, the irregularly and impulSively wicked, the clum-. @knave, the open thief, and the entirely merciful, just and godly person: 1 i I#.>,

situated over the living room.

and bright, and is provided with an attractive fireplace. It h as ample closet-space

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COTTAGES

AND

CONTENT
problem, although there come like that of who drifton his There lives

to mind instances the old sea-captain cd happily son-in-laws they rounded into a pretty

with his lovely wife cottage estate. out close spoil, their

in their own way, with loving grandchildren to pet of just and at hand while yet

they were secure in the blessed quiet when

A

their to

own be

fireside, together of all woman or

seemed the best possible Ifates. COTTAGES ALICE M. AND It is, however, stranded the middle-aged : RATHBONE in some forlorn CONCERNING CONTENT

hall-bedroom,

in, yet not of, the home of others, who would OGETHER of luxury with the rank growth in modern life, there most welcome the dignity and content to be given by a home of her own, which might be shared by a relative or close friend in similar need. Let gifted us suppose with culture, this woman domestic to be wellpoorly tastes and incan go to

flourishes the tonic herb simplicity. Only the resolve to secure a bit of this spreading thought, but that the root, on the part of natures would, atfirst for many, to its possession; in its just in full accord with simplicity, seem necessary simple life, it happens, unfortunately

dependent

spirit ; one who, although goods,

endowed with this worlds

highest

sense, is always

out of reach, because of overmuch simplicity To means beautiful of income. live content with small comes first, with much in Channings ; nevSymphony

significance,

ertheless, if peace and comfort are to dwell with us, a restful abiding hence, sive This place this is needful ; : the proposition equals a

small income, plus an inexpcncottage, is content. womans largely

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THE
her dictionary, true definition it c01uc within of cottage: her very knowing small

CRAFTSMAN
low rent on which her hope of a brighter depends. Ijut there are cottages this pilgrim the guide-post and, from pointing and cottages. the direction cottageward, a Newport If of she of hope follow life that, if the

and read without dismay the means,

may find herself before

that extreme, ing scale of habitations,

palace,

down the descendshe will rarely come namely, the since because humble,

upon

the object cottage,

of her search: which

veritable simplicitg touches

IKC~S not to be wholly

everywhere.

commonplace,

lends itself most kindly to artistic attempt to solve our proCampbell Smith,

An interesting posed problem in England, semi-detached to gentlewomen humble land quiet habitation low must be located Here where to ital being dwellings. is of value,-probably in somc

was made, a few years since, detached or Her capit best, simply,

by Miss Mary cottages

who made a business of renting of scanty means.

of four or five rooms,

small, Miss Smith found These she furnished

at first, merely to rent and improve laborers

little)/village.

is simplicity

test the soul. If overburdened clothes, would the knows tiful, find herself lightly room for to be useful has limits. with brie-&brac of such with miserably laden and fine a cottage but she what the inhabitant

cramped;

woman

or believes to be beaudevelopment in the the to find location,

narrowest village

As regards

woman of culture life

is too resourceful

uninteresting, Iargc

and the village possibilities in a one be a

has need of her powers and personality.

And
found

so, seeing

small income and a cottage,-could to fit the other,-our sets out upon modest roof-tree a house-space the comfort surroundings, with its little

KO OF

seeker for

her quest for

as small as can be devised for of two persons; garden plot, and obtainable a house placed, amid pleasant for the very for

A
comfortably Stnith, if and prettily, Two and capable providing friends, domestic, always can live

two tenants.

says Miss

594

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CRAFTSMAN

COTTAGES
mer, and for pleasures for books and of women all the indoor winter. loving gardens, Thus home, a life

approaching

the ideal might

be led in a cottage, the home of content, which is our best having.

The wide narrow spirit may open wings as

as the firmament, as the human

-AIfrQd

in a cell as hand.
da ~lusset

comfortably,

on a very small income, in one

CERTAIN

CRAFTSMAN

COTTAGES

of these compact little homes, which have pr.oved a distinct success. This would be a practical and beneficent, experiment for the woman of large means to make, in our own country, in behalf of the woman of small means : both women holding to the cottage in its true sense; the one for the safety of her investment, the other for the safety of her peace of mind, to be assured by living within a fixed however income, might be. . small it

N conformity Craftsman

with numerous requests presents a series of illus-

which have been recently received, The trations and plans of small cottages

designed to afford a safe investment and a comfortable home to one or two persons of narrow means. The purposes governing the work have been to employ solid, econom-

More and more do we see two women of comfortable means joining forces to make one more pleasant home in the world, and if, by means of the cottage - of - the - low - rental, modest incomes could do the same, why, so much the better for the world ! An advantage of limited house space is that cares lessen ; leaving hours of leisure for out-of-door life in sumT

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
walls are faced with California red wood The

ical materials, and to produce therefrom that beauty which is the companion, rather than,

shingles, which have been dipped in oil and thus given a deep, rich brown tone. left without stain. The interior finish in all the cottages is of whitewood, which is made to assume a soft, dull, satin finish by the application of lacquer. It may be added that, in order to assure an effect suited to the size of the houses, as well as to minimize expense, all woodwork is made as light as possible. The roofs also are shingled, the wood here being

14x20

floors are of hard pine, stained to accord with thc.color-scheme; the cost of the superior wood and the treatment being less than that of a cheaper floor for which a carpet would be necessary. The walls and ceilings are. of plain plaster, tinted in water colors, or preferably

as is too often believed, the opponent simplicity.

of

Although primarily intended as dwellings for two single women, these cottages might equally well serve as the first home of married couples who begin their life in common upon an annual income not exceeding five hundred dollars. The building costs of any one of these houses would, it is believed, fall below nine hundred dollars; thus making the costs of ownership-that is, those involved in the interest upon the investment, the insurance, and the taxes-such as might easily

painted, and the fire-places are built with ordinary, hard-burned brick. The construction must receive especial attention, tight; so that the joints be weathersince all the rooms have exposure on

be

borne by persons having

the above-men-

tioned yearly resources. It is hoped that the designs will speak for themselves, by creating in those who shall see them the desire of ownership; ommend the use of certain materials. In all the elevations shown, the exterior verbal two sides, at least, and, in consequence, are colder than those of a larger building, in explanations being necessary alone to rec-

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CRAFTSMAN
l+hich one room serves to protect of another. heat of may the This be precaueconomy by the to tion taken, a further limiting height feet. ~hc plan and the choice of h,liIding adopted, materials personal being thus requireceilings

COTTAGES

insured

seven and one-half

ments may yet be amply maintained, and each home acquire a distinct, concerns individual in construction appearall that and use ance : becoming,

of color the equal of a house of ten times its monetary If the interiors features, pose, value. C be exampuris ed accent brown of to the the otherwise here presented

*_ .
too The dominant fireplaces of

ined. it will be seen that certain constructive while serving their original also furnish and decorate. This

woodwork.

thus treated, form in two ways the focus by offering warmth, light

the rooms in which they are situated : firstly, and companion-

.-%CONb

FLCQR

pw

true of the chimney

pieces, with their brick B ives the need-

ship, and secondly, gratification

by providing

aesthetic their build597

of varied, ruddy color, which

to the eye, through

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THE
ing material, and also through jects the.

CRAFTSMAN
RUSKINS EIGHTIETH BIRTHDAY

the means

which they provide for the display of obof glass, burnished metal, or other brilliant surface chording with the glow of To emphasize a previous expression, it may be said that these important features of construction, as well as the thoughtful arrangement of the windows, doors and stair-rails, both furnish and decorate ; thus

age of fourscore years. . kin keeps his eightieth birthday. prize poem of 1839-a

O-DAY the last survivor of the great writers in the first half of the Victorian reign attains the patriarchal John RusIt is sixty

years since he published his first piece-the students exercise, it is true,but one that was soon followed by the first decisive work of the Oxford graduate. For fifty years-from the early New(ligate down to the last memoir in Praeterita-a rent of thought, forth hawk. from And fancy, torand spirit ten

exhortation continued to pour the fiery now for endowed with the eye of the years the old man eloquent has kept silent even from good words, resting in profound leaving a much less than usual need of Of these latter, the greater calm amongst those he loves, softly meditating on the exquisite things of nature and of art that surround him ; his manifold work ended, his long life crowned and awaiting its final consecrtaion; and man. . . . . . . at peace with God . . . . . . . . movable pieces.

number can be made by the local joiner, or even by an amateur, especially if use be made of the working drawings which illustrate the first two articles of the Manual Training man. Seen when owned by persons of taste and domestic growing when enlivened by plants and that agreeable scatterthese humble habitations sentiment, Series, now current in The Crafts-

A great French writer, whose book is entitled Ruskin and the Religion of Beauty, tells us that Ruskin discusses morality, industry and religion in order to lead us up to a higher sense of art. It would be more true to say that John Ruskin began by preaching to us a higher sense of art, in order to lead us to a truer understanding of morality, industry, religion and humanity.
-Frederic Harrison in London Daily Chronicle, February 8,1899.

ing of small objects which is the evidence of occupancy, grow eloquent upon the text of .Cottages and Contentment.

598

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TIIIX CAN OF BY

INDIANS MISSIONS THE OF

OF

THE THE

FRANCISTHREE SPAXISH JAMES for whom How

dated speaks genial

May

23,

1603,

in which This

he thus and it

: NUMBER TIIE WIIARTQN

of the Indians: climate, to judge

land has a

SERIES,

its waters are good,

MISSIONS GEORGE

SOUTHWEST.

is very fertile, luxuriant

from the varied and particularly settled chestwith

growth

of trees and plants ; for I

W
Fathers? to-day ? These (abrillo know (alifornia. the Gulf Alarcon visited

saw some of the fruits, HO were the Indians the Missions What What nn. their were established? life? the Mission of Spain. And

nuts and acorns, which are larger than those it is thickly and docile, people whom I found to be of gentle disposition, peaceable brought. readily Gospel Your SC&, variety, Alajests. which they and who can be to the crown of food consists of and within the fold of the Holy Their have

did the-v receive What

was tllc effect of the RIisis tlicir condition tllis cllapter will

sions upon them?

and into sub,jcction

are the questions

in abundance

seek to answer. was the first white man whom we the Indin~ls of the coast, of Jourlater, Tuma and sailed up He mntlc liis mcmorablc In 1539, I!lloa Dinz csplored of California, and and, a year wlierc

and of the flesh of game: neat cattle, Intlians

such as other stature

bears, hisons and deer, which are larger than COWS, and of nnimals. The and many arc of good

nry in 1542-3.

and fair complexion, pleasing skins of

the women being somcThe clothing of

what smnllcr in size than t,lic men, and of countenance. the se;l-wolves the people of the coast-lands consists of the there,

the (olorado

River , possibly now stands. possibly C&ill0

to the point

These three men C:IIIICin conand the Tumas,

abounding

tact with the Cocopahs

which they tan and dress better than is done in Cnstile ; they possess, also, in great quantity, flax like fhat of Castilc, hemp and cotton, from which they make fishing-lines They have and nets for rabbits and hares. having navigate stormy fourteen weather. paddlcmen

with other tribes. tells of the Indians Illcy with whom were timid, those as San Santa and

1112 held communication. peased. living Clementc, Barbara, Santa inland. Some Santa Santa They of them,

and somewhat hostile at first, but easily apespecially known Anacnpn, San RIiguel on tlie Islands Rosa, (now

vessels of pine wood very well made, which, at a side, they even in very by them with great dexterity,

Catalina,

I was informed

Cruz),

were superior

to those found

and many others whom I met in great numbers along more than eight hundred leagues of a thickly are great Spains can deny, settled coast, that inland there which they invited as none and incommunities, treatment was kind,

rowed in pine canoes having of twelve or thirteen men, fishermen. They dressed were rude agriculshelters or the country of Spain,

a seating capacity an d were expert turists,

in the skins of animals,

me to visit with them. of the Indians, considerate,

and built for themselves who rediscovered

huts of willows, tules and mud. Vizcaino, in 1602, wrote a letter to the Ring

tended to be beneficial. Vizcaino

For instance, when up the Gulf 599

made his first voyage

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600

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TSDIANS
of California in 1596, struck angered

OF

THE

SOUTHWEST
many of them, the mountains. In authorizing petlition, reproved other good things, his last voyage, the Indians, in having this explorers Council, second esmany be the Kings among while the rest ran away to

one of his soldiers one of the Indians the Indians, who and

inconsiderately This, began without naturally,

in the breast with the butt of his arquebus. to shoot arrows in,jury to tlR at the offender Indians,

ordered that Vizcaino

llis part,y.

In order to defend his followers, Vizcaino would

for the lack of prudence particularly as he relates

shown on and

in having killed in his report, who struck the

called upon his soldiers t.o fire their weapons in the air; hoping the loud reports

allowed the soldier

alarm

the aborigines Instead them for no injury

and prevent

further and

Indian

with the butt

of his arquebus

to go

<assault.

of having

this effect, the

unpunished;

that he treat

the Indians

with

noise scared then, seeing

a few minutes;

come to them, they this time, says VizThe fight

WOUJK~

g-rent lozle cmd tenderness, making gifts to them in order to &tract them in good will to the Holy Gospel, not perndting
etc., etc. of

fired their arrows again:

C&lo,

injury

to
for

with great earnestness. and there fell I know

he done to them, Vizcainos journey

The italics are authorization and it is

was now begun, and kill,

the soldiers fired to

mine, as this is the official

not how

discovery,

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TNDIAR:S

OF

THE

SOUTHTYF,ST
for our knowledge of the Indians at the time of the arrival of the Fathers is Fray Geronimo A Historical Account, etc., of the Indians of San Juan Capistrano. The good Father saw The houses of similar to things from his individual point of view, and thus presented them. ,ally conical the natives were rude brush shelters, generor semi-globular, Boscanas Chinigchinich :

well to recognize the humane spirit toward the Indians (at least it was such ostensibly) in which the King sent out his explorers. Little came of either of these early voyages except to establish clearly in the minds of the Spaniards and others the existence of California. Forwsoon afterward Sir FranBut cis Drake sailed up the coast, and landed in what is now known as Drakes Bay. practically the founding of the Missions. Whatever may be said to the contrary, it is true that the Indians met the Fathers with kindness and hospitality. desired. Naturally, they were curious to know what the newcomers They were found living in a most simple and primitive fashion, and in describing them and their habits, the narrator fell into the same error made by writers of today who arc unfamiliar with the methods of thought of the Indian. Everything depends upon the angle of vision. To see from anothers point of view is given the few only. For example, a recent writer, in speaking of the costume of the aborigines says : The male inhabitants went entirely naked, when the weather was warm, and even on the coldest days of the year, the only garment likely to be worn was a cloak of badly-tanned rabbit skins. The women were partially covered, and were not without some sense of modesty. The thought of The nude state of this writer is apparent. the men was, by him, regarded as censurable and the partial clothing of the women as modesty. Had h e suggested such an idea to the Indians themselves, they would have declared it ridiculous. Modesty to them does not consist in the wearing or the laying aside of clothes. The principal written source of authority nothing further was done until

Fig. I. (which was built and was occupied in 1899 by a very aged woman in Cahuilla). The Indian name for this hut of poles and tules is kish. Often these structures were as they are toagainst the cold of covered with earth (just day), as a protection winter. were constructed III. Figure II.

In Arizona and New Mexico, the houses in an entirely presents different way, as will be seen from Figures II. and a Havasupai
603

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THE
summer residence, modern dwelling dred practically covered-in or ladder, pole, lar to Figure reveals indications, ago. open, conical which, might The except

CRAFTSMAN
them. many this given Indian A long subject; suggest and elaborate might but the three chapter pictures belief with upon here

for a few a is

well represent structure

illustrations

be written of type

in the same locality, rude although, portion,

built two hunat one end, a somewhat simi-

years

a diversity

and will that all

serve to correct

the popular

huts are alike. beards. The truth is that they a many of Of this in an elderly a thinner is doubtless to the longout the col-

I., is added. the primitive

The stairway, a cotton-wood quality of the

It has often been said that the men could not grow plucked bivalve class Figure man beard, owmg, hairs. Jlcn
owd

made by notching

out the hairs one by one, using shell as pincers. To-day,

the men allow the beard to grow. is of the IT-. Palatingwa, Figure V. shows with

represented

tlw same people

the condition as the Indians practice of b&w,

of which

continncd

plucking

and women

alike used various colors

pipcnts

On tlicir facts.

Red, yellow chosen,

tlic? SiLlllC

and blue wcrc the principal

:ml to-clay,

at their festivals,

one may see

hare f0llonctl

tllWc Indialis
fiL&on tlmt

dW?OlXtCd in
their
;Lllccst0rs

CSaCtlp

for centuries. Their

p1cst

food

was Of the cruht

ant1 siw-

cbaractcr. lizards,

Whatcvcr

thcv

conltl

catch they ate, from

deer or bear to grassIn hasthey gath-

,
Figure V. Old man of the Palatingwa tribe.

hoppers,

rats and snakes.

kets of their own manufacture, a rude process of threshing, them, as shown in Figure gathered burning

ered all kinds of wild seeds, and after using they winnowed VI. They also

Indian of

contrivances mens III.

and the slight influence during all these and is light-

white Figure

methods

years of intercourse. is of a Pima dwelling, as to be almost is closed. that these few so well constructed proof,

mesquite beans in large quantities ; them in pits for a month or two, in from them certain disagreethem in large dried meat a

order to extract

when the doorway

able flavors, and then storing Seeds, mortar, mesquite beans

It must not be assumed illustrations Indians 604

and rudely made willow granaries. and were all pounded up in a well made granite

represent all the types of dwellfirst came among

ings which were in use among the California when the priests

on the top of which, oftentimes,

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INDIANS
basket hopper was fixed by

OF

THE
VII.

SOUTHWEST
Indian hid himself, after having prepared a bare spot outside his shelter, and upon which he sprinkled a liberal supply of seeds. In his hand he held a long pole, at the upper end of which was affixed a strong but small string ; the other end being threaded The pole Then, through loops affixed to the pole. string being formed into a loop.

means of

pine gum, as represented in Figure Some of

these mortars were hewn from

steatite, or soapstone, others from a rough basic rock, and many of them were exceedingly well made and finely shaped ; results requiring much patience and no small artistic skill. Oftentimes these mortars were made from the solid granite rocks or bouldcrs, found near the harvesting and winnow-

was then thrust out among the seeds, the imitating the call of the birds, it was not

Figure VI.

Indian women winnowing

wild seeds

ing places, and I have photographed such during late years. manner.

many

long before doves, quail or other game were attracted to the place, and, seeing the seeds, alighted. In their hopping to and fro, some bf them invariably stepped into the noose. Quickly, the watching Indian pulled the string tight, and, as quietly as possible, drew back the snared bird into his shelter. Wringing its neck, the Indian thrust forth the pole, and again continued the operation, until sufficient game was secured. In a later 605

Birds were caught in a most ingenious One method is crudely suggested in Figure VIII., a picture of an abandoned decoy shelter which I found above the Tule With River reservation, a few years ago. semi-circular with leafy arches of willow, a hidingbrush or weeds. In this the place was made, the hoops being covered

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
decoction of the root of milk-weed, in order to promote lacteal secretions. The religion of these tribes was very simple. It was a rude kind of Nature worship with personified divinities; were undoubted mythical some of whom human heroes possessing

article, I may speak of other methods of trapping birds and animals for food. At times there were special foods for men and special foods for women. For instance, a hunter ate the legs of a rabbit or a deer, with the idea that thereby he would gain the speed displayed by these animals. He ate

histories. In the Journal of American Folk-Lore for October 1903, I have related the story of gods, one of these demiby name, who Rlgoot

slew a cannibal monster, Tanguitch, and who still terrorizes the superstitious Indians of the region about Mount San Jacinto. Their ceremonies consisted of smoking the propitiatory pipe-the ascending smoke typifying the ascent of their prayers -to Those Abovedancing, ing. praying and singalways atof the Dancing

tracted the attention

gods, and, having their interest thus aroused, they could not fail to pay heed to the petitions presented to them. As a specimen of the beliefs of the old aborigines here is part of a story once told to me by an aged Saboba Indian,
Figure VII. A mortar with basket hopper

the heart of the mountain lion, that he might In be as fearless as the wild beast itself. eating snakes, the Indian desired and expetted the gliding and noiseless quality of the reptile to become a part of himself. Women refused to eat salt lest it turn their hair gray ; and a nursing mother took a
606

pictured in Figure IX. After describing the coming of his people to Southern California, from some far-away land over the sea, and the varied adventures of these heroes, he continued: But when Siwash, the god of earth, looked around and saw everything revealed by the sun, he was displeased ; for the earth was bare, level and monotonous, and there was nothing

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INDIANS

OF

THE

SOUTHWEST
Thus was settled the original inhab-

to cheer the sight. Who could love a world that was all one limitless plain, with no mountains, no trees, hills, rocks, rivers, waterfalls, creeks, animals, reptiles, no birds, nor flowers? There were many of our people that So Siwash took these, and were of no use.

itants on the coast of Southern California by Siwash, the god of the earth, under the leadership of Uuyot. In hunting, fishing, preparing their weapons for war and hunting, playing casionally visiting games of skill, chance, strength and dexterity, ocother tribes, sometimes stealing a bride and causing war, at other times engaging in a quarrel and being slain, the male Indians passed their lives, until the

of some he made high mountains, of some, smaller mountains ; of others he made rivers, creeks, lakes and waterfalls; of still others coyotes, foxes, deer, antelope, bear, squirrels, porcupines, and all the other animals. Then he made out of other people all the different kinds of snakes, insects, birds, and fishes. Then, he wanted trees, plants and flowers, and so he turned some of the people into these. Of every man or woman that he seized, he made something according to the persons value. When he finished his work, he had made a beailtiful country of this, and there were many things that my people had never seen before. But he had used up so many men and women that he was frightened. So he made a new lot of people, some to live here, there, and anywhere. And he gave to each family

advent of the priests.

its own language and tongue, and its own place to live, and he told them all the sad distress that would come upon them if they mingled their tongues by intermarriage. Each family was to live in its own place, and while all the different families were to be friends, brothers concord, bloods. one to the other, and live as by kinship and of bound together

The women were the home makers, the food producers and preparers, the makers of baskets, etc. These Indians were polygamists, as a mat-

ter of course, but much of what the missionaries and others have called their obscenities and vile conversations, were the simple and unconscious utterances of men and women whose instincts were not perverted. It is the invariable testimony of all careful observers of every class that as a rule the
607 .

there was to be no mixing .

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THE
aborigines were healthy, vigorous,

CRAFTSMAN
virile, restore the invalid to health, or his patients died with too great frequency, he was remorselessly sent upon the same long journey by a blow of a battle-axe, a fierce stab of a dagger, or a carefully conducted ceremony of stoning to death. J. S. Hittell says of the Indians of Calif ornia : They had no religion, no conception of a deity, or of a future life, no idols, no form of worship, no priests, no philosophical conceptions, no historical traditions, no proverbs, no mode of recording thought before the coming of the missionaries among them. Seldom has there been so much absolute misstatement as in this quotation. Jeremiah Curtin, speaking of the same Indians, makes a remark which applies with force to these first three statements : The Indian, at every step, stood face to face with divinity as he knew or understood it. $Ie could never escape from the presence of those powers who had made the first world. . . . The most important question of all in Indian life was communication with divinity, intercourse with the spirits of divine personages. In his Creation Myths of Primitive America, this studious author gives the names of a number of divinities, and the legends connected with them. He affirms positively that the most

and chaste, until they hecame demoralized by the whites. With many of them certain ceremonies had a distinct flavor of sex worship: a rude phallicism which exists to the present day. To the priests, as to most modern observers, these rites were offensive . and obscene, hut to the Indians they were only the natural and simple prayers for the

fruitfulness producing

of their wives and of the other forces.

striking thing in all savage belief is the low estimate put upon man, when unaided by divine, untreated power. In Indian belief every object in the universe is divine except man ! As to their having no priests, no forms of worship, no philosophical conceptions, any no historical traditions, no proverbs,

Most of these tribes had a distinct conception of a spirit life, but no idea of future Their mcdicinerewards and punishments. men were strange mixtures of herbalists, hydropathists, masseurs, faith-curists, charlatans and hypnotists. A successful &aman united all characters in one. vash.
608

Figure X. is of a Cahuilla medicine-man or TingaiIf the medicine-man failed often to

one interested in the Indian of to-day knows that these things aE untrue. Whence came all the myths and legends that recent writers

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INDIANS
have gathered, st,ill unpublished they all imagined $Iission have little centuries, Fathers? been handed in my note book? after By

OF THE
Were of the They a

SOUTHWEST
this again mainly Church. impelled should primitive exercised life. with By power now care, and but judicious

a score of which I myself hold the arrival no means! for

by astute persuasion,

Serra led the

Indians of the Southwest into the fold of the As I have said elsewhere, he obeyed of motives. He was by the assurance that the barbathe mediathe best and highest rians were forever

down

countless as accurate who

and they come to us, perhaps but still just of Homer. had its medicine-men, dismay well many says of The that by a most rigorous

corrupted, tribe

as do the Songs Every tests; man. and them which unique fact were developed

damned, unless some one

save their souls through

series of a white that in

such as would traditions, we have

As to their philosophical Curtin a monument unequaled, experience.

conceptions thought altogether special in the

is absolutely in human

value of this thought that thought either

lies, moreover,

it is primitive;

it is the

of ages long anterior to those which in the eastern hemisphere, books, in histories, or in in sacred

we find recorded

lit,erature, whether preserved on baked brick, burnt cylinders Navahoes, influence the of or papyrus. Indians, all the of a Pimas and others, And if we go to the Pueblo whom were brought the mass of beliefs, Mr. Hittell Therefore, imaginative, he is too he thought, nally powerfully

more or less under the Franciscans, we find concep-

deities, traditions,

tions and proverbs,

which would overpower understood unHe and he was tion of the Church. of his labors. What robed pomp, great must the Indians canonicals, and solemnity celebrated have with thought, Serra, all the when, on the sixteenth of July, in his full ceremony occasion, 1769, Hence the earnestness

merely to collate. let it be distinctly irreligious, often was

that the Indian was not the thoughtless, represented to be.

brutal savage which well, but still origiprofoundly

and thought

religious,

suited to a

so, but in his own way; but not according

the mass on the How did the And

609

a philosopher,

to Hittell ;

beach before singing

a cross set up in a rude shack and tules ?

he was a worshiper, of Serra,Palon,and And

but not after the method their priestly coadjutors. to change all

made of branches and the Spanish

of the Veni Creator by the Fathers soldiers affect them?

now come the priests

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
In the years Langsdorff, peror of Aulic Russia, 180%1807, Councillor journeyed G. H. von the to the Emaround

when they heard the roar of the fire-arms which were discharged to supply the place of the organ, how their savage hearts must have quivered ! For fifteen years the indefatigable labored, aided by his associates. Serra He saw

world with Capt. Kruscnstern, the first Russian circumnavigator. Francisco and Santa March, 1806, and says: prudence, kindness, and He visited the San Clara Missions in The monks conpaternal care

with his own eyes the establishment of the Missions of San Diego, San Carlos Borromeo, San Antonio de Padua, San Gabriel, San Luis Obispo, San Francisco de Asis, .

duct themselves in general with so much toward their converts, that peace, happiness

Fi!glrl~ XI.

lll~elIt~tli:~ll l\lissioll cfr:~~~t~y:t~~l OII tilt, Tnlt~ Rim,7 Rcw~rvaticbrl

San Juan Capistrano, Santa Clara and San At the end of sixty years, Buenaventura. more than thirty thousand Indian converts lodged in the Mission buildings, under the direct and immediate guidance of hhe Fathers ; performed their allotted daily labors There with cheerfulness and thoroughness.

and obedience

universally

prevail

among

them. . . There are seldom more than from three to five soldiers, at a time, at any Mission, but this small number always has been found sufficient to keep the Indians under proper restraint. Occasionally the priests went out in search of converts ; over their breasts and shoulders then they wore a short leathern mantle made of deer skin. This was to

were some exceptions, necessarily, but, in the main, the domination of the missionaries was complete.
610

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INDIANS
protect Indians, them against the arrows

OF

THE

SOUTHWEST
Many which interesting well for quotations the fatherly might be made from this disinterested speak the priests. It has been said that this policy mistaken educated one: to that had the Indian of citizenship, instead was a been being observer, all of care of

of hostile

for by a royal command, the eccle-

siastics must not carry about them any other weapons than the Bible and the Cross. Of the girls and widows, the same traveler says : They live in separate houses, and are by their superiors, but never at kept at work under lock and key ; they are only sometimes permitted, to go out during the day,

treated as a child, he would not so speedily have succumbed to the vices of civilization,

night.

As soon, however, as a girl is marof the Indians, called

when moved.

the

restraining

influences

were

re-

ried, she is free, and lives with her husband in one of the villages rancherias, such institutions, lishment securely which belong to the Mission. the ecclesiastics By hope to more

I think this criticism

is a just one. Greater responsiof

The kindness was a mistaken one. freedom bility, would have given greater But it is often at the time. was especially than Fathers

under the wise teaching My

bind their converts more closely to the estaband to spread and extensively. their religion . . . The number

the Fathers. afterward of the

easier to see contenbetter

tion is, that even the mistaken, kindly policy immeasurably than the free and civilizing laissez faire
611

of converted

Indians at this Mission is about

twelve hundred.

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
Washington, there seems to have been little or no attempt at effective protection of the Indians against the land and other thefts of the whites. powerfully The facts are succinctly and stated by Helen Hunt Jackson

and Sundays saturnalia of debauchery and Those thousands of honest, usebestiality. ful people were absolutely destroyed in this .. way:, In reference to these statements of the sale of the Indians as slaves, it should be noted that the act was done under the cover of the law. The Indian was fined in a certain sum for his drunkenness, and was then turned over to the tender mercies of

in her report to the Government, and in her Glimpses of California and the Missions. The indictment charges against of churches, citizens, the the Government, for its

crime of supineness in allowing its acknowledged wards to be seduced, cheated, and corrupted, should be read by every honest American; seethe with even though it make his blood indignation and his nerves .

quiver with shame.

Last year, Anno Domini, 1903, the Indians of Warners Ranch, by a decree of the United States Supreme Court, affirming the decisions of the highest State courts, were evicted from the homes which they had occupied from time immemorial, and which had been pledged to them and their successors by General Kearney and others in authority, on behalf of the United States government. Figure XII. is a general view of the village of Palatingwa (Spanish : Agua Cahente, XIII. English : Hot Water), and Figure shows the springs themselves, which

the Indians so much loved, and the white men so much coveted. Figure the employer who paid the fine. Thus justice was perverted to the vile ends of the conscienceless scoundrels who posed as officers of the law. To-day, the total Indian population of Southern California is reported by the agent as two thousand eight hundred fiftyIt is not increasing, and it is good for the race that it is not. Until the present infive. cumbency of the Indian Commissionership in
614

XIV.

is of Leonardo

Owlingu-

wush, who was present when General Kearney made his pledge that if the Indians would be friendly to the United States Government, they should never be removed from their homes, although white men became as numerous as the quail on the hillsides. At this time, the Indian Department, under W. A. Jones, the present commissioner, made the first honest and practical attempt to come to the rescue of its wards. A hun-

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INDIANS

OF

THE
to

SOUTHWEST
This is one of the saddest proofs of the demoralization of this people. When the leaders have ceased to care ; when the struggle has become so hard as to seem to be hopeless, then, indeed, are they in bad case. To show the actual state of land matters among the Indians of Southern California, I present the subjoined table from the as yet unpublished Mission-Tule report of the agent for the Consolidated Agency, which

dred thousand dollars was appropriated

find them a new home, but much of the money has been worse than wasted by the incompetency capacity. of self-constituted, expert advisers and minor official stupidity and inLater, I shall write upon this subject at length, and with full knowledge. Let it suffice to say that to-day, these Indians are upon land where they cannot make even a scant living, unless large sums of money shall be expended in an irrigationscheme to. convey water to lands not over good at best; th,ey are converted self-sustaining, ernment for from a brave and independent peorations; they regard every

is dated September 25, 1903. This is the official report of an agent whom not even his best friends acknowledge as being over fond of his Indian charges, or likely to be sentimental in his dealings with them. What does this report state? reservations-and Of twenty-eight some of

ple to so many paupers looking to the govwhite man as a liar; the man who has especially posed as their friend they view with a hatred approaching a murderous sentiment, and, were they as warlike and strong numerically as the Sioux, the War D,epartment would be confronted war. with another Indian

these include several Indian villages-it announces that the lands of eight are yet not patented. In other words, that the Indians are living upon them on sufferance. Therefore, if any citizen of the United States, possessed of sufficient political power, so desired, the lands could be restored to the public United Indians. On five of these reservations, the land is desert, and, in two cases, subject to intense heat-(it might be said, to 150 dewater domain. Then, not even the States Supreme Court could hold

In other villages and tribes the same demoralization is apparent. A short time ago, I had a long, confidential interview with Marcos, once a chief of the Indian village at Palm Springs. the women of his people. Among other things, we discussed the morality of With a dejection in which there seemed to be no hope, the poor fellow stated that the burden of life was so hard for his people that he had long ceased to regard with anger the immorality of the women, young thereby, asked. or old, married or single. So long as they can get something to eat why should we care? he sadly It is not easy to be good when the

them for the future use and benefit of the

grees, and even higher in the middle of summer) ; in one case, there is little for irrigation. In four cases, it is poor land, with no water, and, in another instance, there are worthless, dry hills ; in still another, the soil is almost worthless for lack of water ! In one of the desert cases, where there are five villages, the government has supplied water in abundance for irrigation and 615

hunger is in the stomach and when one offers you a dollar to do that which is easy through evil !

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THE
policy of the United States

CRAFTSMAN
made against petrated. brought urers, followers of A the indescribable gold wrongs of and per1849 camp The

government. issued

In I%&,

the Mexican

government

The

discoveries sellers

its order of secularization. which then amounted it borrowed-for the provisions left the Indians given

The Pious Fund, of a half called

into the country gamblers, of the liquor vilest

a class of adventdescription. and these

to upwards

million dollars, was confiscated-they the purpose of this law.

of effecting

Indians became helpless victims in the hands these infamous aided wretches, to make even the Indians authorities good. An eye witness, writing early fifties, method dians : These thousands of Indians had been held in the most rigid discipline sion Fathers, and after by the Supreme Government been reasonably authorities, who sable auxiliaries found by the Mishad of thus recounts of events in the the Los Angeles the Mission In-

This practically

to their own resources.

certain amount of land and stock were to be to each head of a family, Owing and tools to the long as to about. the ruin were to be provided. Mexico, there

distance between California was much how the changes ing were would

and the City of confusion

Christianizing

should be brought wilfully

There have been many charges that the Fathers property of of better deprived Mission

made, allegallowed This than

their emancipation of Mexico, by the local indispen-

to go to ruin, when they its control. the times, conditions to the general to any at

well governed as farmers

be attributed

in them

demoralization definite policy.

and harvesters, and herders in of These Incame the gold, and of a

For it must be remembered of Mexico, bring None knew forth. irresponsiproperty have in

hewers of wood and drawers of water, and beside the best horse-breakers the world, necessary to the management

that the political

that time, were most unsettled. what a day or an hour might All was confusion, bility. From July 7, and Mission been rapidly California Indian Indians uncertainty, Mission suffered. And in the m&e

the great herds of the country. dians were Christians, ity, and excellent Americans, covery the followed for laborers. Then

docile even to servilsoon after the time by the disbeing people

that day to this the Indians succumbing saw the 1846, Mexican

of, and the wild rush for, of the laws.

to the inevitable. flag

relaxation

healthy administration of this once happy menced. The

The ruin combe-

hauled

down, and the Stars and but as far as the was for Indeed, it of the change

and useful

Stripes raised in its place; was concerned,

cultivators

of vineyards The

gan to pay their Indian peons with aguardi-

the worse instead of the better. may truthfully the three and American, governments, have Spanish, shown

ente, a real firewater.

was that on receiving day evening, great gambling, ing until gatherings the laborers

consequence met in in On and

be said that the policies three

their wages on Saturhabitually the night

Mexican distinct reads like no force-

and passed

phases, and that the last is by far the worst. Our treatment ful and effective
019

drunkenness and debauchery. night with Indians,-males

of these Indians Absolutely protest

Sunday the streets were crowded from mornfemales of all ages, from the girl of ten or

a hideous nightmare.

seems to have been

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IRTI>IANS

OF

THE

SOUTHWEST
The following morning they would be exLos the

twelve, to the old man and woman of seventy or eighty. By Los Nigger four oclock street, on Sunday from afternoon, to Angeles Commercial

posed for sale, as slaves for the week. Angeles Orleans had its slave-mart, and Angeles Constantinople,-only

as well as New

Alley, Aliso street from Los Angeles and Nigger Alley, were crowded yelling and boys and girls

slaves at Los

were sold fifty-two exceed one, two, or new dispensation.

to Alameda, fighting:

times a year, as long as they lived, a period which did not generally three years under the

with a mass of drunken Indians, men and women,

using tooth and nail, and frequently tor with horror. At sun-down, the pompous his Indian would special deputies, confined in jail

knives,

They

were sold for a week, and bought one to three dollars, one-third

up of

but always in a manner to strike the spectamarshal, with who had been to a Block,

by vineyard ing from

men and others at prices rang-

which was to be paid to the peon at the end of the week, which debt, due for formed labor, was invariably well-perpaid in havnight
613

all day to keep them sober, the combatants their

drive and drag slept

aguardiente,

and the Indian Monday

made happy,

great corral in the rear of the Downey where they away

until the following ing passed through

morning,he

intoxication.

another Saturday

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THE
domestic use, from artesian wells.

CRAFTSMAN
hundred forty-three, the two thousand nine hundred sixty acres are mostly poor; very little water, and not patented. San Manuel, with thirty-eight persons,

Yet the land is not patented, and the Indians are helpless, if evicted by resolute men. At Cahuilla, with a population hundred fifty-five, patented. At Santa Isabel, including MoIcan, with a population of two hundred eighty-four, of twenty-nine thousand acres is patented, the reservation of one the report says moun-

tain valley ; stock land and little water. Not

has a patent for six hundred forty acres of worthless, dry hillsi Temecula, with one hundred eighty-one persons, has had allotted to its members three thousand three hundred sixty acres, which area, however, is almost worthless for lack of water. Let us reflect upon these things! The poor Indian is exiled and expelled from the lands of his ancestors to worthless hills,

eight hundred forty-four land ; no water.

but the report says it is mountainous ; stock At San Jacinto, with a population of one

Name of reservation

tE2::

1 -31 .,. . 304

General character of land

Agua Caliente

(Palm Springs)..

.......

3.844.00 615.00 19.200.00

imcs

Augustine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . ... Torres (Alimo Bonito, Agua Duloe. Martinez;, and Torres villages) and including Walters. Cahuilla.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capitan Grande.. ..,... .......... .. .

18,240.OO 10,253.oo 280.00 %:E

155 118 g

~~2~j&i::.*.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ... ... . . ... .... . . . .... .. .. .. . ... .. .2 2ty$oyotes (San Ignacio and San Isedro villages). Morongo.. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , Mesa Grande,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pala. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . Paurns..................................... gt&r; (La Jolla and La Piche) s.......................,........... Syquan ................................... Santa Isabel, including Molcan ........ San Pelipe.. .............................. San Jacinto ............................... San Manuel ............................... Santa Rosa.. .............................. SantaInez.. .............................. Tule River .................... __. .........

50 Desert land: subject to intense heat: little water for irrigation. Patent. 75 Desert: no water. Patent issued. 75 Desert land: intense heat: water in abundance for irrigation and domestic use from artesian wells furnished by the Government. Not patented. 35 Mountain valley: stock land: little water. Not patented. 118 Portion good: very little water. Patent issued, 170 Poor land: no water. Patent issued. 125 As above. 27 Desert; productive now. since Government has f,urpish.ed artesian water with rese;o;z $;;lz;rigation and domestic, use.

...*.................................

280.00 22640.00 38,;;6$ . %z 8,329:12 2,552.81 640.00 .........

29.844.96

287 ....... 258 2:: 175 42

,3:f

aii&n
45,ooo.oo 146

................................ LaPosta.. Mansanita.. ......................... ....................

.... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... -!% .....

100 Small amount of poor land Patent issued 85 IMountainous: very little farming land. kot patented. 25 Pair land, with water. Not patented. 75 Small amount of farming land: little water; portion good; stock land. Patent issued. 40 Good land; water. Small portion allotted. 50 Portion good land, with water. Not patented. 75 Portion good,: water on part. Allotted. 65 Sandy: portion good, with water. Patented and allotted. 110 Small amount of agricultural land. Patent issued and allotted. 80 IMountainous: stockland; no water. Patented. 85 Will be moved to Pala. 6 Mostly poor: very little water. Not patented. 55 Worthless: dry hills. Patent issued. . . . . . . . Unsurveyed. 240 Land matter adjusted satisfactorily to the Indians. Splendid land, with abundance of water. 450 Good reservation. Small amount of farming land; mostly mountain grazing. ;v& Poox-and: no water. Not patented. 35 Almost worthless for lack of water. Allotted. 190 Desert. Patent issued, . *..*... . . . . All known as Warners ranch; moved to Pala and included in Pala statistics. _

- ----.--a Estin l&l;ed.

616

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SUCCESS
sandy desert, grazing government stands by lands, mostly and professes

AND
poor

FAILURE

and mountainous land, while our powerful its helplessness to prevent the evil. These discouraging facts are enough to make the just and good men who once guided the Republic rise from their graves. our politicians? Is there a remnant left among of honor, justice, or integrity,

To the artist beauty is its own excuse for being, and for this he strives: if his work be beautiful, craftsmans it stands approved. The work must also be beautiful,

but it must fill other requirements ; for he is not only an artist; he must be an artisan as well. He is a builder and maker of things useful to the hand, as well as pleasing to the eye. Unserviceable beauty is as foreign to his art as is serviceable ugliness. Thus, to be successful in his craft, the workman must

SUCCESS AND CRAFTSMANSHIP. VAN, DENBURGH HE groking T

FAILURE BY

IN

DOUGLAS

produce an article valuable both for its b,eauty and its usefulness-an article pleasing in itself and capable of service. The craftsmans success will be found, to depend largely upon three things: knowledge of material, aptness of design, and skill in handling tools. The more complete the workmans knowledge of his material, the greater will be his freedom of design ; the scope of the one will always widen with the scope of the other. The most perfect design may be rendered useless through application to unsuitable material, and, conversely, the value of material may be destroyed, through lack of judgment in design. The design should always comply with two fixed rules. Not only should it lend itself readily to the medium in which it is executed, but it must also be appropriate to the article itself. Any design or decoration which detracts from the usefulness of the work, by reason of shape or durability, is to be condemned. The beauty of the work should lie in the construction of the design, and not in the applied decoration. The ornate is to be avoided, both because it soon becomes fatiguing to the eye, and 617 because it at once lessens the durability and

interest in the arts and

crafts leads us carefully to consider the work of the craftsman and the means by which he may attain ex-

cellence of result. Speaking largely, the aim of the craftsman is twofold: to produce work which shall meet the requirements of a high standard and to create a demand for the result of his labor. In order to attain the required skill and to understand the possibilities of his material, the craftsman must devote the greater part of his time and thought to his work, which can seldom be done at odd moments; robbed, as it were, from the more important duties of the day. But time and skill are costly materials, and the craftsman, as a rule, can ill afford a large investment of this kind without reasonable hope of return. Assuming the demand for the results of his labor to be provided,. and that his work meets the requirements of good workmanship and design, we next ask how best is the craftsman to reach the desired results ; what are the guides to his success, and what the dangers which he must avoid? r

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
nothing to the value of the work on which they were bestowed. Nor should the machine be decried as having

usefulness of the work to which it has been applied. Within certain limits, therefore, the craftsman the durability Equal should strive for strength and simplicity of design by which to insure of his wares, for it is upon to knowledge of these qualities that his work must stand. in importance material and design is the workmans skill in the use of tools. If his hand lack deftness, if he blunder or bungle in the execution of his work, failing to give it both individuality and the essential neatness which marks all true workmanship, he has failed to give value to his work. The desired result must never be made abortive from the insufficiency of time devoted to achieve it. The first requirement of good craftsmanship is the unremitting attention to detail which it is impossible to give, when the hands of the worker strive to keep pace with those of the clock It is a false theory which would limit the craftsmans use of tools, or deny him any method or device which reduces his labor, provided it does so without injury to his results. Time spent because of lack of proper tools, is time wasted ; it adds nothing to the value of the work. A plank cut from the log by hand is no better than a plank from the mill, even though it cost much greater labor to produce. So, also, carving done withproper tools, may stand as a marvel of the natience and the skill which have added

no place in the craftsmans shop.

The

machine is nothing more than an enlarged tool, the distinction between tool, machinetool, and machine, not being sharply defined. The three, in fact, are mere modifications of one another. To limit the craftsmans tools is to limit the scope of his work. We speak fondly of hand-made objects, but, in reality, their true value lies within thcmselvcs, rather than in the process by which they were wrought. Thus, the craftsmans success will be found to lie in choice of material, simplicity and stren& of design, and untiring endeavor toward perfection of workmanship ; his failures arising from disregard for these things. The work of the craftsman is costly in some measure, and can be defended only when it reaches standards unattainable by the factory and the machine. If any part or process capable of improvement, has been slighted and passed over as being good enough, the work might better have been simplicity, utility, and left undone. Individuality,

durability, are the hallmarks of the craftsmans success. For these he should strive perpetually.

618

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RENE

LALIQUE
I must acknowledge that when, for the first time, I prepared to approach M. Lalique, whom, for a number of years, I had honored highly as a goldsmith, I expected to be thoroughly disillusionized ; since I had observed that frequently a striking personality does not belong to a famous artist. It was, indeed, one of the most delightful of surprises to note an exception in the case

RENE LALIQUE. FROM THE GERMAN OF DR. H. PUDOR, IN DOKUMENTE DES MODERNEN KUNSTGEWERBES It is so encouraging a sign of the times

to record an appreciation of a great artist by a critic of a different and somewhat antagonistic race, that the subjoined article here printed. The quoted words of
is

the

German writer clearly indicate that a republic of art is in process of creation: one whose boundaries shall not be those which are set up by race or language, and in which genius !hall be the sole requisite for citizenship.

HE Lalique Hohenzollern

Exhibition of the Arts and Crafts

House, by which the directors of the same have earned new reputa-

tion, is under the auspices of the French craftsman himself. M. Lalique has certainly not done the honors of the exhibition, as some one, wanting in taste, has expressed himself, but he has been present in person, in order to provide for the suitable presentation of his works, and perhaps to give here and there a word of explanation. In an ethical-religious periodical, there of M. Lalique. One finds in him the man who is revealed in his works: an artist of acute sensitiveness, of great delicacy and modesty. I do not mean the cringing modesty of the underling of the Shaksperian type, but that modesty of the true artist, who feels that the best which he creates does not reach the sublime simplicity and loveliness of Nature ; above all, that the ideal of the specific work which he bears within himself is not capable of materialization.
610

of Art is all and Life nothing. gold of absolute truth.

appeared recently an article under the title In these Assuredly, in our

words there exists a particle of the pure times, we see frequently great artists and moral charlatans united in the same persons; while even among those who cultivate art as dilleta&, we find, for the most part, those who distinguish themselves by their heavy purses, but not by their weighty brain-tissue.

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Let us try to realize a name which, since the Paris the world, Exposition and which of 1900, has circled with is pronounced

tllere exist commercial one select for will himself, Incans, or t,lie capacity Scither works shown are new.

wares. of his
t&e.

So let each to all his the

according that

rapture by the most famous beauties ; a man who annually thermore, ing. capital, I,nlique,
sor1al!

WC maintain Rather,

earns millions and whose house of architecture; affable furbeara of simple,

WCfind some and others recognize and few

and 31ome is a gem a person

wlric-It date from the year 1900,

from ?-et earlier

Itlastcrpieces of the Paris nw works.

periods.

We

1111 ! Jewelers of our imperial how triucl~ you might

German pergo for from of

of the Turin Salons,

Exhibition

learn from

and also certain

even in a way which is purely goldsmiths and study drop

One of the rrwst remarkable House long, Alpine The eflectire violets having brilliancy of

of the latter with

And now will our German to the IIolmdlcrn tl~erusclrcs, hour their brows,

pieces is a diadem of horn ornamented the gems

stamens of diamonds. is especially is masterly, a the dull surface

the Lalique

jewels,

until the beads of perspiration

ant1

as shown against

they gain

the thought

of the horn.

The composition

the Erench artist;

so that in representing they might imitate of a me in the form Laliyue, pIeases

rich and monumental. In tllc second place might bc mentioned dragon-fly tlrcd marks. necklace, a splendid work, rising to the price of twenty-five
llUIl-

the l~~;ul of a workman the bead of perspiration pearl? A certain greatly piece of

and costly

It consists of a row of dragonthe heads and placed, and the gold, the apalternately from

; it is a kind of brooch,

in which he

flies, which arc ,jusfaposed, the bodies fxing

~llltcIlniw, ~naclc

IGLSwprcscrltcd, by means of yellow snppllires, tlw dewdrops fallen on a crumpled mltm111 leaf: a characteristic work of tile
most cst rcmc naturalism. uot stop at rfahsm, many less gifted his material, opal. But let it be well understood, not regard in Berlin every work of Lalique as worthy of admiration. right that perhaps pearls of that we do exhibited It is, light after artists. Yet Lalique the manner lMhcr, does of so

unburnished

serving as a strong frame-work. of the dragonflies eyes of mocmstoncs, I!pon plications employed, violet-blur, finally article tic Titian.

The bodies

consist of amethysts, wing-like

and the wings of opals. and sapphires. of the material or harmony in execution, treatment, a painting in and this by

he leads enamel, or

these last are fastened of brown diamonds as a color-scheme as to brilliancy naturalistic ornament to

Nature by the hand up to the very limits of whether it be gold,

Conaiderecl as to the delicacy

as to

of feminine

is a true artis-

on the contrary, with the costly

work

not, inferior

and shadows are mingled,

and that, together intuitive genius,

650

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FALSE

EFFORT

A FALSE

EFFORT articles in The year, and

TO have

BE

FINE been for the to aid Manual workers

series is regarded the question

from a new point of view : the same and being being is, the and side. shown That

T
brain, ence simple

remaining

WO

already

one of fit and unfit ; but the argument made from the negative student direct is no longer path of progress; the safe

printed current teachers

Craftsman designed of

students

but he is warned to his taste and powers.

Training,

as well as those amateur

what to avoid as destructive to his critical

who are anxious ture, through ing art. These articles, to them, pieces with perspective of can be constructed and materials, comfort The

to educate their hand and and struc-

and constructive

their sense of proportion

the exercise of the lesser buildas will be found are thoroughly and working by referillustrated drawings of such as

cabinet-making:

with the simplest of tools to the interior in which were

and, also, such as would add

and beauty originals

they might be placed. of these illustrations planned in the hope to effect for the humbler homes of our country in direction, nccomplished a benefit comparable Morris, when he if not in extent, with the good by William from the pest of the hairof the aniline of the

delivered England dyes.

cloth sofa and the nightmare In the present article,

the subject

Number 2

v 691

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THE

CR,AFTSMAN

The false effort to be fine is so extensively made in this censure almost and country, combat, apart as to be difficult and, from art. it would its harmful to seem, in-

impossible

to annul.

It is a signifiIts moral effect as a whole, to the enjoyment classes, but that it

cant movement,

fluence upon domestic is still more perilous, it is a proof prerogative of art is not, as many

and, taken

that the right of the wealthy

would have it to be, a

such enjoyment should be extended until become an int,egral part of every life. The &ort to be fine takes is the its impulse from envy, and this, as the poet Longfellow has well said, vice of republics

since under a government by the people, the classes arc less cohesive, less sharply defined, and are subject to greater numbers of others movement and disturbance and large : large numbers of individuals who can not

easily passing

from the lower to the higher,

accomplish this ascent, showing their discontent by ineffectual and foolish imitation of those above them. With us the political principles in force arc ccrtaiiilv advanced tion. But attendant those as each and peculiar whicli human arc fitted good to an has its and progressive form of civilizaevils, so it should be to whatever to lessen calland

the duty of all men of good will, in whatever class they may be situated, ing they With may be devoted, obviate

these evils as far as may be. this purpose in view, the illustra-

tions here presented have .been chosen, as examples of false art, no less than as indications of tendencies to be corrected, and for the public if the for good. masses of the people their own happiness of a special according branch are to be educated

By means of such examples,

the craftsman labor must

can learn the principles

to which his manual

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A FALSE
by the typical of the structendencies,

EFFORT
at the head of our chapter. ball tion. support ugly crude base, foot, borrowed from design, The claw-andthe Chippendale element of leaving an

be pursued, means of workman-the of morals

if

it is to be successful; real supporter

the same examples,

has here every effect of an applicaIts value as a structural is wholly taken away,

ture of the Republic-can involving common display, detrimental which, although

study a question certain to all classes, are

protuberance,

which combines with the drawn of the no

especially

to the poorer : that is, the wish to deceive closely the examples of consistent by artists of line. origisensi-

curve of the arms, the badly to make a discord, moment rest. upon

the desire for and to falsify.

sweep of the top, and the horizontal

which

If now, we examine here illustrated, cases, to be perversions tive to the delicate

refined eye can, and no untrained eye should, for a single Furthermore, can be from all that the vulgar constructed profile of the examples

we shall find them, in all

nals, which were designed beauty

in the imagination

These originals

passed into the possurroundings,

session of persons who were able to give them the proper and, highly dignity, places eye. But prized by connoisseurs, appear to-day can in the be

they have been able to preserve their and where they what of still delight censure things

severe enough perversions correct of and

to scathe such wilful artistically valuable ! of intrinsically upon husks;

These travesties are plain evidences the attempt upon the part an designers public and merchants to feed the attempt

which is the more to be condemned, owing to the fact that it can not be prevented ; that while the adulteration of the food product is a crime is held of which liable to the law, the prostitution the art-principle can not be punished. tf now, we seek to make specific, rather fault than general criticisms, of the line which first thrusts itself upon is the distortion in the examples standing

the sight occurring

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THE

CltAIWShlAN
signer ments intent has which again borrowed ele-

to deceive. have They vulgar with

he has used with The inverted seen part They in the in the no

dolphin-like brackets, design. They false, clement function tain

forms,

do not adaptation

compose. arc :I of an structural which in cerBut

are applied. combining

ornament, employed styles.

was effectively

of the historic

as here used, they are intended to lead the inespericnced into the belief that the purchase of the object will make them possessors tine and Erench. Fine, something no, and French to the degree that, rather of the expressed in words,

is

swtl

in full

t I1e bcnutif~il lisle originals, appear

filCY. And Ilow it difYers from profile of the Frcricli and Engvital with sllbtile curves which

of alas,

were the ideas island tion

to vanish

into t,lie floor line!

. than by forms, it would be the French of Martinique, But the final in the is reached forests ! chaos
rrlodels

A similar perversion of the rnodel is to be noted in the chair wit11 the picrccd back, which makes the fourth of olu illustrations. In this instance, the open work offers in a debased statr, anotlicr of the chief charactcristics inclined generic
IliXItlC!

or of the Canadian of construcof the chairs The first of these pro-

numbered two and defies classification.

the.

It is an abnormal

of those models which to gro7rp erroneously name of Chippendale. of this nrtist-cri~ftsnlnn it is accornpanicd ribband-back

critics under

arc the

duct, so deformed and debased that it is almost impossible to determine its parcntBut it may be that the exuberance of age. old German designs temporarily filled the mind of the draughtsman, who, commanded by his employer to make something to sell, compounded a. real witches-broth of all that is evil in construction and ornament. The turned uprights, the meaningless assemblage the curved shot rockers
ilecalcomania

And as the rises to the by the picture chairs, which, But have

memory,

of those three

to quote the ingenuous

words of their maker,

were, perhaps, the best ever made. what would this same delightful artist said, could he have looked upon picture, representing an object

this other which is an of to

of the straight, the angular and principles, above all, the snowand the cheap arc so many of the whole. has no excuse for being, and applications criticisms of and

evidence of mdice prepeme on the part the designer, and which can be multiplied the million by the machine, t,ion of art and of the public In the sideboard (ii74 numbered taste.

for the dcgradafive, the de-

condemnations This chair

the same may be said of the one following.

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FALSE
recalls the

EFFORT
ment, also, the object is entirely false, for the wine barrel is the proper adjunct only of those typical German cellars, in which students celebrate their kneipen and burgomasters and councillors noisily discuss municipal affairs. Elsewhere, it is inappro-

This latter, by its construction,

old definition of a city as a collection of houses around a port : a definition which might be paralleled by a description of this object as an assemblage of the remaining The so effectively used in the and the First attracmembers of a chair, about the leg. animal forms Empire graded. mediaeval, the Renascence

styles are here travestied and deThe line of the body-so

tive when treated by the old craftsman, being expanded decoratively or else reduced to a mere indication-here becomes almost revolting, through a clumsy touch of realism. Then, the hoofs of the animals are commercialized to the limits of shod with casters, while all other details are equally vulgarity. The dining table here illustrated, has the same fault as the Morris chair, in that it is, so to speak, built around a hideous leg; the offending member in this instance being girdled with zones of groovings which recall the plaitings and frills of the petticoats worn by the courtiers of Louis XIV. Our final illustration has been reserved as a fitting climax of the series of things to be avoided in both making and acquiring. The object represented is in itself a deception, since if its interior corresponded to the impression given by its exterior, it could have no place outside a cellar or a public wine room. Far from affording a suggestive ornament for the dining room in which it might be placed, it would serve only to degrade such surroundings. In construction it is false, for the cask-form, complete even to the spigot-hole, tells an architectural lie, which is acknowledged by the open door displaying shelves and glasses. In sentiIt is, therefore, doubly priate and vulgar. to be censured, and, as it recalls, even though in travesty, the memory of Germany, it may bc permitted to announce its own condemnation in the speech of Goethe. It warns the craftsman for his guidance in the exercise of his trade, as plainly as words could do ; Thou must resist, resaying to him: nounce, refrain ! For truth in work, as well as in life, is simple, while deceit is complex, and constant vigilance is the price demanded of the builder or fashioner who would keep himself from inconsistency and vagaries.

625

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THE
CANVAS APPLIQU6 CURTAINS WITH

CRAFTSMAN
loosely enough woven, and the surface rough to give a slightly mottled color.

LINEN

T
idea effect. of The

The applique HE curtains here represented in texture must are and especially color. gretted be pleasing that they of of given, assures pendent The demands placed; owing

is done in a

closely woven
has been

linen to which the name bloom woof are of different a charming upon designs

to the fact that the warp and colors : a device which variety of effect deof light. and asscr-

It is, therefore,

to be rebe illus-

trated in black can

and white, for no adequate their which harmonious weave use is the

accidents

formed canvas, The of this

used are strong

The texture is an interesting to Craftsman fabric

tive, as they must be, in order to meet the of the position the requisites in which they are being and the exclusion produce a spotty of beautiful of the oldest it of each design

imported threads

restricted

workshops. are somewhat

here mass, cohesiveness, of detail which would effect by invading unified surface.

the expanse

The first design is a variant of all floral patterns, here appears form. base, The blossoms

the lotus, although rise from of

in an obscure and simplified a stepped a wall, in the stones

suggesting

accordance represented therefore height spread of

with the old idea that the temple the world, and that the plant is growing. The thinness occurs and the by the a short are a of the the stems are corrected

of the leaves which

distance below the flowers. The colors used in the first design deep-toned, curtain, yellow-green the fabric bloom, threads; and soft for blue for the body for pomegranate-red

the flowers, In the

the bases and the stems, blue for all outlines. the flower-shapes, effect

with ultra-marine forming

or changeable

is produced yellow are a the the

by a mingling

of crimson and bright woven

while in the case of the standards together from Here against

stems, the colors second American design

green and rose. The North is adapted motif. projected Indian

nightbird

appears

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CANVAS

CURTAINS
ly of green-and-rose linen. in the and blue-and-green pattern, the with the nightfabric Upon this curtain

bloom bird

In the upper in old gold, same

moon appears

green-and-rose

which occurs in the base. the outlines

arc done with the usual linen design shows the thunderIndian in is It

floss, in
The bird, their hcrc

a warm tone of olive-green. third

a favorite pottery and

motif of certain
their basketry. of

tribes of the Northwest, used in a succession

which is found

disconnected

moon, tian plied

in an ornament winged sphere. at three-quarters

recalling This

the Egypis apof the

pattern

the height which

curtain, mountain The

and is balanced pattern, from

at the base by a fine lines

reach upward. body of this curtain red. applications increasing is canvas of a It offers with and again, In and the soft brick, or Pompeian the various always with

a scheme of color pleasure.

which the eye seeks again lower pattern, the pyramids

are alternate687

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
to smile and glow. It dissipated for him the cares of the day, and made his labor at It was thus inbecause it embodied a pure and

units, set above a double and continuous series of mountains; the whole system of ornament being enclosed by lines which draw together the separate elements. As to harmony of color, this scheme is, perhaps, the most pleasing suggesting, of the three ; as it does, the soft notes of an

his bench light and easy. spiring, elevated truth.

Yet it must be predicated that the Craftsman did not receive it in the character of a sermon. That would have been to destroy It did not reach him from a its usefulness.

old cloisonnk vase. The -applique is wrought upon a moss green canvas background, with the birds in green-and-blue linen,-producing an old turquoise elect,-and the mounTo this scheme the tains in pomegranate. bright yellow outlining gives accent and distinction, while it detracts nothing from that blended orchestration of color which is the chief quality studies. to be sought in textile

carven pulpit rising far above his head. Nor was it uttered by one who, cloistered about by fortunate circumstances, pitied those less largely endowed than himself, without being able to sympathize, that is : suffer with them. It came to him from an author beaten by the storms of life ; one- who had drained to the dregs both the chalice of sorrow and the debauching cup of sin ; one who could say with truth.that nothing human was foreign to him. The Craftsman, therefore, received the sentence as the speech of man to man, of brother to brother. He proceeded to adapt it to his own needs and to devise means by which it might benefit others. appreciation As far as it concerned his own case, he felt that his keen of its truth resulted from the Through from these he necessity, partly ..

CHIPS

FROM

THE

CRAFTSMAN

WORKSHOP

other day, upon an unexpected thought. It was expressed by a personage whose name, Fantasio, gave the key to- his He had been idly wishing for character. change: to be transformed into a certain unknown passer-by, or to be transported to the moon. Then, a graver mood came to possess him, and as responsive to his emotions as an Eolian harp to the wind, he cried, out:, The spirit can open wings wide as the firmament, in a cell as narrow as the human hand. This sentence remained in the mind of The Craftsman, pervading it slowly, as the sunlight persistently *chases shadow from a darkened area, until the whole expanse seems 628

HE

CRAFTSMAN,

in carelessly a comedy

turning

the leaves of

by Alfred de Musset, chanced, the

experiences of ,his life. had been turned,

partly from choice, from what is regarded as an existence of large opportunities to one of narrow limitations. Things which he had once seen in perspective and with their contours softened and absorbed by ambient light, he hadconfronted ness. in all their sharpHe had learned to distinguish the real from the unreal; and from this moment of enlightenment, the real had resided for him in immaterial things :. that is, in the pleasures which are open to all who are provided with the bare necessities of life--and

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BOOK

REVIEWS
BOOK REVIEWS

what honest, able-bodied man can be without them? Pleasures such as are to be derived from the sight of the constantly renewed and eternal robe of Nature, from the pursuit of a favorite study, from the companionship of friends, and even from mingling with the throngs of the street. The sentence brought to the mind of the Craftsman memories of the great, the earnest, the truly successful of the world, and it became plain to him that the memorable ones, almost without exception, had released themselves from the domination of things and swept their lives bare of all save the essential. Historical examples, it is unnecessary to say, presented themselves in great number, but with them came one modern instance, upon which the thought of the laborer dwelt with peculiar satisfaction. It was that of a master craftsman, who, gifted and learned, distinguished by both and social relations, sits daily personality

RENCH

AND ENGLISH FURNITURE printed

is the title of a beautifully

and illustrated volume, written by Its arrangement is es-

Esther Singleton.

pecially to be commended, since it is divided into sections which may be easily studied ; each section being devoted to some famous style, the French following. examples, as originals, is preceding, and the English, as modifications, In this way, the Louis XIII. treated in connection with the Jacobean

period, and the Louis XV. with the Chippendale ; while the period of Louis XVI. is followed by studies upon Adam, HeppelThe text is admirably extended quotations like Jacquemart and , white and Sheraton. written, containing from authorities Havard,

and long extracts from the writ-

ings of the famous English cabinet-makers, whose words are only less interesting than their beautiful work. The illustrations are so chosen that the inexperienced may gaiu quickly a definite idea of each of the periods treated, from the numerous perspectives, profiles and details which are gathered upon large plates. The book is addressed to the student, the cabinet-maker and the upholsterer ; but it is in no sense a manual ; it is rather a compendious reference book having literary merit and showing on the part of its owner critical knowledge, as well as discriminating taste. French and English Furniture, by Esther Singleton, illustrated from original sources by H. D. Nichols; New York, McClure, Phillips & Co., I903 ; size 71/, x 11 inches ; profusely illustrated ; pages 394. FRANCW

in his immaculate, sparsely furnished cell upon the Thames, toiling upon his Book Beautiful, and holding it not too precious to be associated with bare floors and uncushioned chairs, since he is unconscious of such conditions, and knows only that for him the work itself fills and illumines the room with the radiance of art. Such enthusiasm the Craftsman believes to be the effulgent light of the modern Holy Grail, whose quest the youth of our time should be prepared by their elders to follow. The Grail is the simple life, which is not necessarily the humble life ; rather one which, made brilliant by accomplishment, is pursued with equal contentment and selfrestraint, in the great mansion, or the cell metaphorically as narrow as the human hand.

THE CATHEDRALS OF NORTHERN

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THE

CRAFTSMAN
The Cathedrals of Northern France, by Francis Miltoun, with eighty illustrations, plans and diagrams by Blanche McManus. Boston, L. C. Page & Company, 1904 ; size 51, x 8 inches ; pages 400 ; price $1.60, Dickens London, by Francis Miltoun. Boston, L. C. Page & Company, 1904 ; size 51, x 8 inches ; with many illustrations and plans ; pages 300 ; price $1.60.

and DICKENS LONDON are the titles of two

books, attractive before they are read, by reason of their convenient size and the interesting pictures in which they abound. Both are examples of the local guide-book of the present day, which has been enlarged from the old pattern, until it no longer resembles a potion of bitter medicine which must be swallowed in order to insure comfort and pleasure. ples of An excellent feature of the of minor examinstance, such, for book, is the introduction architecture,

THE ARCHITECT AND BUILDERS MAGAZINE is now publishing a series of admirable

as the cathedrals of Dijon, Meaux and other small cities, which contain features necessary to b,e studied by one who would acquire even a general and amateur knowledge of the most admirable monumental building style as yet produced. An interesting detail in .the making of the book consists in small maps, printed in red upon a white background, which appear on the inside of the cover and on the page opposite and form a part of a decorative scheme. The second book, Dickens London, carries in its title alone a strong element of interest : especially for one who has threaded the labyrinth of streets and the maze of humanity which exist about Lincolns Inn Fields. The work is modestly addressed by its author to a considerable number of persons, travelers, lovers of Dickens, enthusiasts et als., who may be glad of a work to remind them in a way of what exists to-day of the London Dickens knew, as well as of the changes which have taken place since the novelists time. This ascription should be gladly accepted, since the book is one with which to lighten the tedious hours of stormy evenings, whose name is now legion in our climate, with no present prospect of a diminution of the tribe.
630

illustrated articles entitled : sons in Municipal

Foreign

Les-

Improvements,

by Mr.

Frederick S. Lamb; the distinguished artist and writer whose argument for the Commercial Value of Design appears in the current number of The Craftsman, which he constantly honors with his counsels, and to which he has often before contributed. The first named series discusses the treatment of city squares, river embankments and highways, and should be read by all those who acknowledge public art to be a fire built upon the market place, where everyone may light his torch.
MODERN DESIGNS IN JEWELRY AND FANS

is the title of the special winter number of the International Studio for 1901-2. This brochure is now eagerly sought by a large public, towhom the designs of Renk Lalique, and other French artists, have come to be of great interest. The plates contained in the brochure are beautifully executed, and the work is divided into two parts, each of which is preceded by a valuable paper, written by a distinguished critic. Published by the International Studio, New York, 67 Fifth Avenue ; price $1.75.

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lames McCreery & Co.

Upholstery Art Department. Stuffs for drapery or upholstery have been selected, to blend with the latest Art Furniture and the new tones of wood in which it is reproduced. English

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for spring

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They the are not copies most favorable but originals conditions. by master Our effort which the

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Ghe Cobb=Eastman bandzmade pieces occupy a distinct niche in the furniture effort of this country

but to blend ception and compels wider

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of our creations have ever more favorably the advantages of Cobb-Eastman handthose which now await your furniture than Each portion of the house has had for

consideration. If you are interested Room, in SOLID Living Room MAHOGANY or Bed Rooms, COLONIAL dont FURNITURE with the Dining fail to correspond

Makers of Hand=jWa.de Furniture, also ExclusiVe Distributors of Craftsman Furniture in Boston, Mass.

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Six Hundred Special Ostermoor Mattresses

XTRA WEIGHT AND THICKNESSthe exceptionally luxurious kind-recently completed by 11sunder contract for a large apartment hotel at $LS.OOeach-will be sold at a sacrifice. Sudden destruction of the hotel by fire delays delivery indefinitely -we need the room for regnlar stock-necessity, therefore, compels us to dispose of them at once, and we offer them, while they last, at the extraordinary p r i c e of $18.50 each. The mattrcsscs arc all full tloublc bed size, 4 feet 6 inches ; iJ \vide, 6 feet 4 inches long, in two parts, With round corners. They are full .i:Ly five-inch border, i with Imperial f Double Rolled Edge s, exactly like pliotographic illustration. The filling is especially selected sheets of Ostermoor Patent Elastic Xattresses \veigh 60 11)s. Felt, all hand laid, and closed within ticIcing entirely by hand sewing. each, rg Ibs. more than regular,and are naturally far softer and more luxuriously comfortable. The covering is of the beantiful Mercerized French .4rt Twills, in pink, blue, or yellow, or stripes in linen effect ; also plain, narrow blue and white. The mattresses are made up in the daintiest possible manner by onr most expert specialists. They represent, in the very highest degree, the celebrated OSTERMOOR merit of Excellence, and are a rare bargain both in price and quality.

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II
1
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TIES for CountryHo~ses

Our &&et tells how we suggest &execute Sdiemes 0fDecorat;ronfor out-of-townHomes. 3end~orzk
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These pictnrer received the judges awards in our$3,000.00 contest just closed. and represent the highest sttamments in pictorial photography. The reprodrztions, which are in the colors of the orig+nal photograph. are excellent in every reppect. and form ft collection that every lover of pirtures, every one interested in photography. every student of art. will want to keep. The price. 25 rents. is only a fraction of the cost of the portfolio which contains also Ten -\rticlen by famous Photographers on Ten Phases of Photography. There is no advertising matter in the book. We simply want to give every one an opportunity to see the excellent work which is being done by the foremost photomxphers of the world with our Photographic Lenses.

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Dining

Room from a Craftsman

House-The

Craflsman

Magazine.

July.

1903

JOIN THE CRAFTSMAN HOMEBUILDERS

AhD SECURE

CLUB
for a Home
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THE

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Each issue for 1904 I$ a magazine devoted to the new domestic art. CRAFTSMAN . complete Designs for a House in which every architectural detail will serve a well-defined The Decorative Features will result largely from the introduction of proper colors constructive use. in the materials. THESE PLANS FOR HOMES will vary in cost from two thousand to fifteen thousand They mill be supplemented withcompletedetailsfromour architectural department free of cost. dollars. A BROCHURE describing the Homebuilders Club in detail will be sent upon receipt of two-cent stamp and request made to
will present

GUSTAV STICKLEY,THECRAFTSMAN BUILDING,SYRACUSE,N.Y.

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BETTER THAN A A KNICKERBOCKER

* STEAMER
Size 13x20~40

VALET IS TRUNK

*
Inches

OVERLAND
Size 18x20~40 d!

Inches

KNICKERBOCKER WARDROBE TRUNK

Is for newhas durability Write for Catalogue no eaual and convenience

THREE
FOR FOR MEN . WOMEN.

PART
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TRUNK
20x21~44 20x21~48 Inches Inches .

KNICiKEjRBOCKER
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BUILDING,. NEW

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TheOVERLAND LIMITED
the luxuriously appointed daily train from Chicago. Less than three days en route ; electric-lighted throughout. Its splendid equipment is the result of suctl painstaking study and liberal expenditure as to fully meet the requirements of modern travel on what is undoubtedly the most luxurious train in the world. Solid through train with buffet smoking car, barber, bath, unsurpassed dining car service, Pullman drawingroom and private compartment sleeping cars, superbly fitted library and observation car, with Hooklovers library, telephone, individual electric reading lamps and other devices for t.he comfort of travelers, leaves Chicago via the

CHICAGO, UNION PACIFIC AND NORTH-WESTERN LINE

/ at 8.00 p. m. A second fast train to San Francisc d I,os A4ngeles leaves Chicago daily at I I. 35 p. 111.

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4Miforni;agi flission Betel

at Riverside,
IL

California,

Frank

A. Miller
1

LONG, court and

low, cloistered surrounded

building

of the Mission

type, a spacious In

by magnificent

old trees and palms. bells. Facing

the court the Old Adobe or Casino adjoins the stately Campanile with its sweet the third with its grape-arbored Among cloistered Mission building other corridors, arches. and seven hundred Pergola, Campanile; chime of old Mission feet long. the Spanish of the court Mission The the court, on a promenade and the are the its graceful fire-proof floor is the beautifu; Paseo de las Palmas, Paseo overlooks of the roof-garden NEW and the architecture Every

the grand court, Adobe

beyond is the glorious view of the great snow-capped pleasing the quaint Within features Patio or inner Portales room

mountains. with

GLENWOOD

as without monastic

prevails and is emphasized in this bath, are connected

in decoration

furnishings.

is steam-heated,

all the chambers Telephone

are en suite with modern

with the Long Distance

and have all known

improvements.

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mention

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ItEvery

Artists Library-

II
II

REPRESENTATIVE ART OF OUR TIME

22x16 inches. Complete in portfolio, $7.00 net. Separate parts, $1.00 @et, each

In e&htparts,

ii SERIES OF ESSAYS BY EMINENT AUTHORITIES ON THE- VARIOUS ARTS OF TO-DAY, ILLUSTRATED BY 48 FULL-PAGE PLATES IN COLOR AND OTHERWISE Part Part Pa& Part Part Part Part Part
I

I II III IV V VI VII UIIJ

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,:

. . . . . . . .

The Modern The Modern The Future and

Aspect Aspect

of Wood Engraving of Artistic Practice Lithography of Etigliih Water Colour of Oil-Pa,inting

Development and Dry Point

The Development Etching

Pastels
The Art and The pencil Practise of Monotyping and

...-..
in Colour Pen as Instruments~,of,,Ar$.
OF THE CRITICS -... ,.-.

II

OPINIONS

reproductions are extraordinarily good. They are THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE : The throughout adequate, giving perfectly the simpler textures of the early men and the far more brilliant qualities of work like that of Mr. Swan. Indeed, the reproduction of the latters Jaguar The publishers have set and Macaw is one of the best plates of the sort we have ever seen. out to secure something like fat-similes of the work selected for illustration, and they have It is a handsome publication and the price is a modbeen remarkably successful in their aim. est one. The collection as a whole promises to be of considerable value. The prints is excellent. THE NEW YORK SUN : The form of the publication and clear and lightly strung together SO as to be easily separable from the text. THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS : Purchasers collection of pictures, but also an important written by an acknowledged authority. of this interesting are large

work obtain not only a choice art,

essay in each part on some phase of modern

::

::

::

WRITE

FOR

OUR

LIST

OF

oQRT

BOO-KS

:;

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..

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67 FIFTH AVENUE
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The PAPER
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THE
HENRY TURNER Editor BAILEY

CRAFTSMAN

An attractive little magazine containing every month: Outlines of Lessons in Drawing, for All Grades-Illustrated; Helpful Articles Bearing upon Artcraft Work in Schools-Illustrated; Discriminating Reviews of the Current Magazines, from the Viewp&ll u; lrl~ Art-craft Teacher; Inspiring Editorials-Illustrated. Indispensable to Every GrowinK leacher

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Send a one dollar bill by mail to the WHIM, P. 0. Box 288, Newark, N. J., and you will receive the WHIM for one year, and also two books by Ernest Crosby, namely, TOLSTOY AND HIS MESSAGE, and PLAIN TALK IN
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DIAMONDS
Easy Payments
Dont buy a Diamond King, stud or other article until you have seen the wonderful Zambesa Diamond. We are selling them at a fraction of the price of Trust Diamonds, and on Easy Monthly Payments. Order one on approval for inspection-if you like it and want to keep it, you can make a small payment, then send the balance Illustrated Catalogue answers every questionto us at the rate of two dollars monthly. send for a copy to-day. Only the finest solid gold mountings used and written guarantee given with every sale. We are a responsible incorporated company with a capital of $100,000.00 and take all the risk of submitting our goods on trial. We have put Diamonds within the reach of any person who can pay a dollar or two monthly. Delivery guaranteed within one week. Please write for catalogue; its worth its weight in gold to anyone interested in Diamonds.

Boylston Diamond Co., 410 Boylston

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-TAUGHT
BY OUR METHOD
HOW HOW HOW

HOW

TO CONVERSE,
BY MAIb
WE HAVE TAUGHT HUNDREDS
4 d A BETTER TO TALK d

OF STUDENTS
c Pk3ITIO: FOR PROFIT

TO SUCCEED TO OBTAIN AND WHEN

IN BUSINESS AND HOLD AND WHERE

SALESMEN

AGENTS

SOLICITORS

You can double your salary this year by doubling your earning capacity. The amount of money you make depends not upon favoritism or opportunity, but on the number and amount of your sales. No other business offers *such sure and quick returns for labor expended. Nine-tenths of the Art of Selling consists in the ability to Talk to Advantage. We teach, by individual instruction, the Art of Talking for Business, including the

Science MANAGERS

of

Salesmanship

and CLERKS

the

Art

of

Selling
sent

Each student receives exercises and instruction suited to his peculiar need. Our descriptive matter, in reply to postal from you, will tell you just what you lack and how we can help you to acquire it.

PROFESSIONAL MEN

and all classes of business men and women need our Course of StudyHow to Talk for Business. We train your powers of observation, classification, analysis, intuition, perception, memory, reason judg?ent. Your personality becomes more attractive and impelling. You will be able to command attention, to hold your listeners interest, to present a subject clearly, logically, tactfully and convincingly. We teach you to read character, to know how to appeal to each different customer, to say the right thing to the right man. You may study our course in your spare moments. A few dollars for instruction and trainin may bring you thousands of dollars in your business. Let us tell you more definitely a i out our course and what it can do for you. We teach-The Art of Selling, Talking for Business, Talking in Society, Bodily Culture and Charm of Manner. Write for Information and Blanks.

A. P. GARDINER,
20th CENTURY
Banlr Building Box I 36, Central

INSTRUCTION

Prest

CO.
NEW
YORK I

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TO

EVERY

NEW

SUBSCRIBER~TO --

Zije @jotograpijicQimeiHBdetin
We @ill present Ghe Twelve Previous .lVumbers or A Beautiful measuring 9% inches

Cy&o Print OF Niagara Falls,

the print

by 16% inches exclusiWe of the mount

DO YOU WANT TO EARN A NEW CAMERA OR ADD TO YOUR PHOTOGRAPHIC LIBRARY OR APPARATUS ?

WRITE

FOR

OUR

CIRCULAR

REGARDING

NEW

SUBSCRIBERS

ZlLbe j@fJotograp@ic ~ime~~uIIetin

IS THti OLDEST PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL AND UP IN THE TO U. S. DATE BEAUTIFULLY

$2+00pet:@ear
SPECIMEN COPY SENT ON REQUESl

Qll!~e $3mtog~apbic ~imeb-2BuIIetin $h.dIisi$ng Bs$acfatfm

122-124 Fifth Ave.,
NEW YORK

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-A Spriqj
IF YOU ARE GOING COMPETENT

BargjainTO BUILD. ARCHITECT SELECT A

1 oo9000 .epresentative

customers. men in their

most several vo&tions.

of them declare

large new book of 1.35 plans-conceded hy thousands to he the finest published. of its kind-givina views. plans. descriptions and estimates to build. z\II of the latest Colonial patterns. i\lso R large srlection of stable de. signs to choose from. ranging in price from $200 to$ro,ooo.

Let Us Help You lans and ideas of a comfortable ~$y~;~y.:~~. [: \ll\-x) 3 ! xve will send you our

Ths PracticalTrousers Hanger and Press

to be the only prrfect device for the cnr?of trousers. Let us wnd ~011 our 52.Parre Descriotive Book It containsihe names of ie~<L.l thousa&~of our endorsers. This device doubles the closet capacity. is suhstnntial and elegant and keeps the trousers Smooth as if ironed. A set of 5 Trousers.Hangers and 3 Rods - or. 4 TrousewHangers. 3 Rods and 6 CoabHangers Sent expres, pald for $5.00 For $1.00 we will send and afterward the balance one Trousers-JJanger of either of the sets prepaid. for $4.00 IrraI. wt Pa.

$1.00

Book Reduced to 2.5~. for a Short Time Only

The rice of this book has always been one dollar in circulation and C$m,P, b ut in order to set more copies to give you the benefit of n fine hook at a low figure. we have made the price 25~. for the next two months. \VRITl< TO-D.\Y

.370

J. H. DAVERMAN
Smith Block GRAND

& SON
RAPIDS. MICH.

If vo~~nrenoleniireZysafisfted?uith theaoodsafter rurlIrefundfulIburchase~r,ceandbavretumex~ressrharae~ PRACTICAL NOVkLTY CO.; 420 Walnut St.,

Phil-adelphia.

Old Hickory Swindle Back Chair

1

fq.75 =

It makes your porch and lawn more attractive and servicea Stands all sorts of weather. Sol constructed of tough white hickory with bark on. Corn Fortable and stylish. Sea 18 ins. long, 16 ins. deep height over all 40 ins. Price $1,75 freight paid east of the Mississippi River. other styles settees an
$1.50 to $25.03.

The Leon-ard Cleanable

Refdgerator
fird on nhnet Irtnel. Too (it II not break, scratch orcorrodo this wonderful lining. It will laat forever. sweet ana clean. Sliding adjustable shelwa. of wamematerial,casnof oak with Quarter ~uwed panels. Hand polished golden Anirh, nickel trimmings,sight walls withmineral wool insulation

Genuine PotyeIain Enamel

writes: I think Old Hickory to anythin else in the rustic And all o F tny friends who are equally pl&sed. All admlrlng Hickory came itself.

Mr.

A.

G.

Mills.

Camp

Chails far snperlor line in the market. have bought them

HonnedaBq.-

Mrs. W.I,..Adams.

friends shall from. A good

Belmont.

hear article

Mass.. says:

where Old advertises

If your dealer will not supply you we willL ;yrJt;or&eautifu14%page illustrated catalog.

went. Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for hooklet shmvingother ntylsa from .$8.% u:, and tree Rsmple of our wonderful lining. Beware of imitation8 made with white paint.

Look

for our advertisement

in next

issue

of this

publication. mention

THEGRANDRAPIDSREFRIGERATORCO.
25 Ottawa St., GRAND RAPIDS, MICE. The Craftsman

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CLUB WOMAN MAGAZINE

OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE GENERAL FEDERATION OF WOMFNS CLUBS. NATIONAL CONGRESS OF hloTHERS, . S. DAUGHTERS. 1812

REVISED RE-VITALIZED

Special

Articles

for

March

FASHIONABLE LIFE MOTHERHOOD

By MR~. GEORCI: JAY

VERSUS
GOULD

THE

EVOLUTION OF ARTISTE
By MADAME AlNo

A GREAT AC& STEP PH. D.

1 SC.

AN ESSENTIAL
By ELIZABETH

FORWARD
HARBERT,

BOYSTON

Now IS the Time to Subscribe

$1 .oo MRS. Editor of DoRi LYOX a year. SindIe copies

the CLUB WOMAN

THE
500 FIFTH

CLUB
AVENUE

WOMAN

COMPANY
NEW YORK CITY

REALIZING TEN-CENT

THE INCREASING POPULARITY OF THE MA GA 2 IN E, AND DESIRING TO PLACE

CAMERA CRAFT
WITHIN REACH OF ALL THOSE REMEMBER THEIR PHOTOGRAPHIC YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION RATE TO :: :: :: :: :: HAS BEEN REDUCED WHO WISH TO FRIENDS, THE CAMERA CRAFT TO :: :: :: :: ::

ONE
CAMERA
114 GEARY

DOLLAR
CRAFT
STREET,

PUBLISHING
SAN FRANCISCO,

COMPANY
CALIFORNIA

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Indian Basketry
and

How to Make Ia and other Basl

fBy GEORGE WHARTON JAMES, Author:

Around the Grand Canyon of tlie C& I in Arizona; The Indians of the Pain Region, etc., etc,

With CZoth &o.,

upwards of 600 lllust rations $250, Net. Postage, 25~.

-

HI6 comprehensive work is not only a v~. mecum on Indian Basketry, but the new e T tion contains a full and exhaustive treatise The Art of Sasket Making, and how to teach the :o children and others. Every form of weave a, stifch is fully analyzed and clearly explained, so th; without any other instrvc:or the tyro may successfull: learn the art.

HOW TO MAKE

INDIAN

AND

OTHER BASKETS
is also published separately. It has over 130 pages, and 220 beautiful illustrations, many of them from photographs especially made for this work by George Wharton James.

Do you tiallL- Lkeep your floors in beautiful condifiosll .Z Do you know that by our method pine can be finished almost as beautifully as hardwood ?
This book, The Proper Treatment for Floors, will tell you all about the subject The author, -every phase of it is covered. a recognized wood finishing expert of 21 years experience, tells you the latest and best inethods of keeping your floors and interior woodwork in perfect condition with the minimum effort and expense. This book is worth $25.00 to anyone wanting beautiful floors and woodwork. We manufacture the Worlds Standard Floor Polish,

Cloth 8~0.

&.00,

*t.

Postaae, 12~. extra

THE

BASKET

FRATERNITY

of Indian Baskets and other is a society of Lovers Good Things, organized by George Wharton James. It publishes a quarterly bulletin entitled The Basket, each of which consists of 64 pages of illustrated material of great inierest. The fraternity fee is $1.0, Send for circular and ehclose your fee, and per year. you will receive the four bulletins for 1904. Wit11 each issue is given a life size 1 design of a real Indian Basket with full instructions how to copy accurately. If you want a copy of Now to Make Indian and Other Baskets, (in paper), send 5oc. extra., OI if the bulletins for rgo3 and ryo4 (which Includes thi! book), send $1.75.

Johnsons Prepared Wax

For sale by all dealers in paints--r and 2 pound cans 60 cents per .pound ; 4, 5 and 8 pound cans, 50 cents per pound. This new book gives latest methods for finishing and refinishing oak, ash, birch, maple and pine floors and interior woodwork.
Write

wont forget.

us now

for
WS

absolutely FREE.

this

book

so you

THE
STATION

BASKET
A,

FRATERNITY
CALIFORWIP

S. C. JOHNSON @I SON,
5% Hardwood Floor

Racine, Wisconsin
Authorilies.

PASEDENA,

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+Write for Our Book-

a@

MARCH

NUMBER

OF

HE CRAFTSMAN
!OMPLETES OUR FIFTH VOLUME

SEND US YOUR SIX LOOSE NUMBERS AND WE WILL BIND THEM IN HALF BINDINGCRAFTSMAN LEATHER AND GREEN BOOK LINEN-FOR $2
A VOLUME OF REFERENdE FOR YOUR LIBRARY -,au~e for - ---.-I- um. T. Nicholson, Building, Chicago. 1

THE CRAFTSMANWORKSHOPS
SYRACUSE : NEW YORK

1-I IL weat

l%rthern

PLAIN

OR ORNAMENTAL

p
and satisfactory-for different patterns to match furhishings-outwear carpets. Prices and catalogue of designs FREE. leadine cities. THEINTERIOR HARDWOoD COMtiANY. old or new Aoors-

MANUFACTURERS,

INDIANAPOLIS.

IND.

THESOCIETY.OF BEAUX=ARTS ARCHITECTS

HAS ESTABLISHED

Free

Course

OfStudy

Open to Draughtsmen and Students of any city-modeled on the general plan pursued at the &ok des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and comprising frequent problems in Orders, Design, Archeology, etc. Street, New York City 1

For Information

apply to the Secretary

of the Committee on Education, 3 East 33d

The YATES
SYRACUSE,
ONE OF TWE MANY FINE APPOINTEDHOTELS

N. Y.

The

GREGORIAN
35th

IN AMERICA EUROPEAN PLAN

Between 5th Avenue and Herald NEW ELEGANTLYAFTOINTEDHOTEL

Street,

CENTRALLY LOCATED Ell1REx.Y NEW

YORK

Sauare

West

ABS0LUTEL.Y FIRE-PROOF

AVERILL

GREGORY,

Proprietors

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