Q1. Light is confined within the core of a simple optical fiber by A. refraction. B.

total internal reflection at the outer edge of the cladding. C. total internal reflection at the core cladding boundary. D. reflection from the fiber's plastic coating. Q2. What makes optical fibers immune to EMI? A. They transmit signals in as light rather than electric current. B. They are too small for magnetic fields to introduce current in them. C. Magnetic fields cannot penetrate the glass of the fiber. D. They are readily sheilded by outer conductors in cable.

Q3. Which of the following is not a reason to use fiber-optic cables for point to point data transmission? A. Need to assure data security. B. Avoidance of ground loops. C. Data-transfer rates too low to use metal cables. D. Elimination of spark hazards. Q4. Which of the following describes a technique to achieve fault tolerance in optical networks with minimum costs? A. Bypassing active elements. B. Avoid the usage of star couplers.. C. Duplication of system properties. D. Topological reconfiguration. Q5. When would optical fibers be used in an Ethernet-type LAN? A. Never, the standard calls for coaxial cable. B. To extend transmission distance to reach remote terminals. C. Routinely, the standard allows for optical fiber.

D. When transmission speeds exeed 50 Mbit/s. Q6. What are the advantages of using parallel optical fiber interconnections within board-to-board or frame-to-frame connections in computer systems? A. No bandwidth limit. B. Space saving. C. Avoids electrical crosstalk. D. All of the above. Q7. What technological progress has allowed the full usage of fiber optics within parallel computer architechture? I. There are compilers and programming that recognise and exploit parallelism.

II. Widely tunable semiconductor lasers allow maultiple wavelength system.

III. Newly designed operating system for parallel processing.

IV. Migration of architectural features previously found on mainframes onto single-chip microprocessors. A. I and III only. B. II, III and IV only. C. I, II and IV only. D. I, II, III and IV.

Q8. Which of the following is NOT a reason to use flexible optical circuits? A. Low loss distribution. B. Protection of fiber. C. Small size. D. Compact and bend easily.

Q9. The Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) standard calls for nodes to be:

A. attached to a data bus in the form of a transmissive star coupler. B. attached to a pair of fiber rings carrying signals in opposite directions. C. attached to a network of star couplers that detect collisions and transmit only one signal to the next level. D. attached to fibers by passive T couplers. Q10. The type of light source and fiber chosen for FDDI networks are: A. single-mode fiber and 1550-nm lasers. B. single-mode fiber and 1300-nm lasers. C. multi-mode fiber and 1300-nm lasers. D. multi-mode fiber and 1300-nm LEDs.

________________________________________

Q11.

Which of the following happen to be the limitations of optical fiber ?

I. The architecture of their couplers.

II. Costs of implementing them.

III. Modification of the software and hardware on existing systems.

IV. The difficulty of installing the cables. A. II and IV only. B. I,II and III only. C. I,III and IV only. D. I,II,III and IV.

Q12.Speeds of laboratory fiber optic Local Area Networks are now in the range of A. 1 Mbits/s.

B. 10 Mbits/s. C. gigabits per second. D. hundreds of megabits per second.

Q13.Which of the following is NOT true about digital signals used in fiber optic transmissions ? A. It's more compatible with people. B. It's much simpler to design a circuit to detect the signal level. C. There's less distortion in the signals as it goes through a system. D. Isn't difficult to differentiate the on from off state even if the signal is not reproduced exactly.

Q14. What method allows large number of independent, selectable channels to exist on a single fiber? A. Frequency Division Multiplexing. B. Time Division Multiplexing. C. Analague Modulation. D. Phase Modulation.

Q15. Which of the following statement about interconnection networks is true? A. The number of channels on a single fiber that can transmit data simultaneously refers to the degree of simultaneity. B. Degree is the number of channels on a single fiber. C. Point-to-point communication connections are called switches.

D. Diameter is the number of links in the largest path between any two nodes.

Q16. What type of optical fiber would best be used in the Multiple Channel Architechture (MCA)? A. Refractive-Index. B. Step-Index. C. Graded-Index. D. None of the above.

17.The light sources used in fibre optic communication are. a. b. c. d. LEDs semiconductor lasers phototransistors both a and b

()

18.Acceptance angle is defined as the _______ angle of incidence at the endface of an optical fibre, for which the ray can be propagated in the optical fibre is. () a.maximum b.minimum c.Either a or b d.none of the above 19.The core diameter of single mode step index fibre is about: a.60 to 70 m b.8 to 10 m c.100 to 250 m d.50 to 200 m 20.In multimode graded index fibre, light rays travel _______ in different parts of the fibre. ( ) ()

a.at different speeds b.with same speed c.both a and b d.none of the above 21.In optical communication system, the light detector is: a.Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) b.Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN) diode c.phototransistor d.Either a or b ()

22.Different colors of light correspond to different light a . polarities. b . velocities. c . intensities. d . wavelengths.

23.Complementary colors are two colors that a . look good together. b . are right for each other. c . are subtractive primary colors. d . are additive primary colors. e . produce white light when added together.

24.Monochromatic light is light that has a single a . frequency. b . color. c . wavelength.

d . all of the above. e . none of the above.

25.Light is emitted when an electron inside an atom a . makes a transition to a lower energy level. b . is boosted to a higher energy level. c . neither of the above. 26.The phenomenon of interference is a property of .a . light waves. b . sound waves. c . both light waves and sound waves.

27.The critical angle for a transparent material is the angle at and beyond which all light within the material is a . refracted. b . reflected. c . absorbed. d . diffused. e . dispersed.

28.A lens is used in optics to a . disperse light. b . filter light. c . focus light.

29.Total internal reflection takes place when a . light travels from a lower index to a higher index of refraction material. b . light travels from a higher index to a lower index of refraction material. c . Both of the above.

30.Which color of light carries the most energy per photon? Choose one . a . violet b . green c . red d . blue 31. OPTICAL FIBER IS (a) transmission line (b) modulation (c) Station (d) none 32. if r1 is radius of core and r2 is radius of cladding than (a) r1> r2 (a) r1 <r2 (c) r1 = r2 (d) none 1. The most common light used in fiber-optic links is A) Infrared B) Red C) Violet D) Ultraviolet 2. The optical band designation(s) include A) S B) C C) L D) All the above 3. In the telecommunications industry, the most commonly used fiber(s) are A) 50 micron B) 62.5 micron C) 50 and 62.5 micron D) 125 micron 4. The abrupt change in refractive index from core to cladding of fiber-optic cable is called the A) Total internal reflection

B) Numerical aperture C) Dispersion D) Step index 5. A technique that is used to minimize the pulse dispersion effect is to A) Use a higher frequency light source B) Use plastic cladding C) Minimize the core diameter D) All the above 6. The loss (attenuation) of signal in optical fiber is due to A) Scattering B) Absorption C) Micro bending D) All the above 7. Which is not an important characteristic of a light detector? A) Responsitivity B) Dark current C) Power consumption D) Response speed 8. The dispersion in fiber optics is termed A) Modal B) Chromatic C) Polarization mode D) All the above 9. Fiber-optic connections suffer high loss due to A) Air gaps B) Rough surfaces C) Axial misalignment D) All the above

10. Fiber-optic technology is used in applications of A) Local area networks (LANs) B) Cable TV (CATV) systems C) Telephone networks D) All the above 11. The dispersion of light in fiber-optic cable caused by a portion of the light energy traveling in the cladding is called A) Modal dispersion B) Material dispersion C) Waveguide dispersion D) Cable dispersion 12. Recent laser developments for fiber-optic communication include A) Distributed feedback (DFB) B) Heterojunction C) Vertical cavity surface emitting (VCSEL) D) Distributed feedback (DFB) and vertical cavity surface emitting (VCSEL) 13. Which of the following considerations is important when deciding between using a diode laser or an LED? A) Response time B) Power levels C) Temperature sensitivity D) Failure characteristics 14. The ________ aperture is a number less than one that indicates the range of angles of light that can be introduced to a fiber for transmission. A) angular B) iris C) numerical D) lens 15. ________ fibers have an abrupt change in refractive index from core to clad.

A) Step-index B) Refractive C) Graded-index D) Coherent 16. ________ is the broadening of a light pulse as it propagates through a fiber strand. A) Coherence B) Dispersion C) Evanescence D) Spreading 17. An in-line passive device that allows optical power to flow in one direction only is termed a(n) ________. A) coupler B) uniflow C) director D) isolator 18. Index-matching ________ is a jelly-like substance that has an index of refraction much closer to glass than air. A) cream B) plastic C) gel D) glass 19. When designing digital fiber-optic transmission links, the primary performance issue is the ________. A) BER B) power C) noise D) rate 20. A disturbance in the light propagating down a fiber span that results in a disturbance on the OTDR trace is termed a(n) ________.

A) reflection B) event C) radiometer D) hit 21. The protocol standard for optical transmission in long-haul communication is termed ________. A) B-ISDN B) SONET C) ARPA D) SOIC 22. A(n) ________ is used to measure optical power. A) optometer B) grid-dip C) Rayleigh D) radiometer 23.What is the acceptance angle le for the fiber in meridional ray (a) Sin a = n1 Sin c (b) Sin a = n2 Sin c None (c) Sin a = n1/n2 Sin c (d)

24.What is the acceptance angle for the fiber when n 1 = 1.48 and n2 =1.46 (a) 14.03 degree (b) 28.07 degree (c) 25.o7 degree (d) None

25.Which one is not associated with optical fiber (a) core (b) cladding (c) single mode (d) None

26.What is the NA of silica fiber with n1 = 1.48 and n2 =1.46 (a) 0.2425 (b) 0.7725 (c) 0.2456 (d) None 27.OTDR stands for (a) optical time domain reflectometry (b) optional time domain reflectometry (c) optical test domain reflectometry (d) None 28.Highest band width is known to be available for (a) Twisted pair (b) coaxial cable (c) optical fiber (d) None

29.Which phenomena of light is applicable in optical fiber (a)Reflection of light (b) Refraction of light (c) Total internal reflection of light (d) None 30. LASER STANDS FOR (a) Light Amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (b) Light Amelioration by stimulated emission of radiation (c) Light Application by stimulated emission of radiation (d) none 31. Material used for manufacturing of LED (a) Direct band gap semiconductior (b) indirect band gap semiconductor (c) n type (d) none 32. Low EMI is found in (a) coaxial cable (b) twisted pair (c) both (d) optical fiber

1. A) B) C) D)

Transmission media are usually categorized as _______. fixed or unfixed guided or unguided determinate or indeterminate metallic or nonmetallic

2. A) B) C) D)

Transmission media lie below the _______ layer. physical network transport application

3. _______ cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting outer sheath. A) Twisted-pair

B) C) D)

Coaxial Fiber-optic Shielded twisted-pair

4. A) B) C) D)

In fiber optics, the signal is _______ waves. light radio infrared very low-frequency

5. A) B) C) D)

Which of the following primarily uses guided media? cellular telephone system local telephone system satellite communications radio broadcasting

6. A) B) C) D)

Which of the following is not a guided medium? twisted-pair cable coaxial cable fiber-optic cable atmosphere

7. What is the major factor that makes coaxial cable less susceptible to noise than twisted-pair cable? A) B) C) D) inner conductor diameter of cable outer conductor insulating material

8. A) B) C) D)

In an optical fiber, the inner core is _______ the cladding. denser than less dense than the same density as another name for

9. A) B) C) D)

The inner core of an optical fiber is _______ in composition. glass or plastic copper bimetallic liquid

10. When a beam of light travels through media of two different densities, if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, _______ occurs. A) B) C) D) reflection refraction incidence criticism

11. When the angle of incidence is _______ the critical angle, the light beam bends along the interface. A) B) C) D) more than less than equal to none of the above

12. A) B)

Signals with a frequency below 2 MHz use _______ propagation. ground sky

C) D)

line-of-sight none of the above

13. Signals with a frequency between 2 MHz and 30 MHz use ______ propagation. A) B) C) D) ground sky line-of-sight none of the above

14. A) B) C) D)

Signals with a frequency above 30 MHz use _______propagation. ground sky line-of-sight none of the above

15. A) B) C) D)

A parabolic dish antenna is a(n) _______ antenna. omnidirectional bidirectional unidirectional horn

16. A(n) _____ medium provides a physical conduit from one device to another. A) B) C) D) guided unguided either (a) or (b) none of the above

17. A) B) C) D)

________ cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together. Coaxial Fiber-optic Twisted-pair none of the above

18. A) B) C) D)

_______ cable is used for voice and data communications. Coaxial Fiber-optic Twisted-pair none of the above

19. A) B) C) D)

__________ consists of a central conductor and a shield. Coaxial Fiber-optic Twisted-pair none of the above

20. cable. A) B) C) D)

_____ cable can carry signals of higher frequency ranges than _____ Twisted-pair; fiber-optic Coaxial; fiber-optic Coaxial; twisted-pair none of the above

21. ______ cables are composed of a glass or plastic inner core surrounded by cladding, all encased in an outside jacket. A) B) Coaxial Fiber-optic

C) D)

Twisted-pair none of the above

22. A) B) C) D)

______ cables carry data signals in the form of light. Coaxial Fiber-optic Twisted-pair none of the above

23. _______. A) B) C) D)

In a fiber-optic cable, the signal is propagated along the inner core by reflection refraction modulation none of the above

24. _________ media transport electromagnetic waves without the use of a physical conductor. A) B) C) D) Guided Unguided Either (a) or (b) None of the above

25. A) B) C) D)

Radio waves are _________. omnidirectional unidirectional bidirectional none of the above

26. A) B) C) D)

Microwaves are _________. omnidirectional unidirectional bidirectional none of the above

27. _______ are used for cellular phone, satellite, and wireless LAN communications. A) B) C) D) Radio waves Microwaves Infrared waves none of the above

28. ________ are used for short-range communications such as those between a PC and a peripheral device. A) B) C) D) Radio waves Microwaves Infrared waves none of the above method is

29. When data rate need is very high used

(a) coaxial cable (b) twisted pair (c) both (d) optical fiber 30. which modes is found in optical fiber a) LP modes b) HP MODES C) BOTH D)NONE 31.Which modes is not possible in optical fiber a) Leaky modes b) LP modes

c)BOTH D)NONE 32. in PIN diode I stands for

(a) intrinsic (b) internal (c) both (d) none 33. Microbending phenomena is found in (a) optical fiber (b) cuppor (c) both (d) none 34. ELED stands for (a) Enhanced light emitting diode (b) Edge light emitting diode (c) Enhanced light electronic diode (d) None 35. Now a days which LEDids used (a) OLED (c) ELED (c) SLED (d) None 36. OLED stands for a) organic light emitting diode (b) optical light emitting diode (c) operational light electronic diode (d) None 37. LASER finds application IN (a) in operation of eye for medical purpose (b) in engineering (c) both (d) none 38. Wear and tear is least in (a) optical fiber (b) coaxial cable (c)Twisted pair (d) None

Unit-4
1. Avalanche photodiode receivers can detect bits of transmitted data by receiving a. 100 photons b. 200 photons c. 2000 photons d. 300 photons

2. In using a photo diode as a photo detector, it is invariably reverse biased. Why?

(a) The power consumption is much reduced compared to reverse biased condition (b) Electron hole pairs can be produced by the incident photons only if the photo diode is reverse biased (c) Light variations can be converted into current variations only if the photo diode is reverse biased (d) When photons are incident on the diode, the fractional change in the reverse current is much greater than the fractional change in the forward current

3. The maximum wave length of photons that can be detected by a photo diode made of a semiconductor of band gap 2 eV is about (a) 620 nm (b) 700 nm (c) 740 nm (d) 860 nm

4. the refractive index of glasses is a) 1.003 b) 1.33 a) c)1.52 b) d)2.42 5. The velocity of light within glass a) 1X10^8 m/s b) 2X10^8 m/s c) 3X10^8 m/s d) 4X10^8 m/s

6. Light enters the optical fiber at an angle (a) acceptance angle (b) critical angle (c) right angle (d) None

7.the relation of refractive index of core and cladding is A ) core index > cladding index B) core index < cladding index C) core index = cladding index D ) none 8) Numerical aperture is equal to A) sina B) N21-N22 C) BOTH D) NONE 9) Losses of optical fibre communication is a) 1000db per km b) 500db per km c) 0.2db per km d) none 10 . how much will a light pulse spread after travelling along 5 km of a step index fibre whose NA=0.275 and n1 = 1.487 A) 423.8ns B) 84.76ns/km C) Both D) None

11. LED stand for a) liquid emitting diode

b) light emitting diode c) both d) none 12.Light source used in optics a) laser diode b) LED c) both d) none 13. LED material is a) germanium b) si c)GaAs d) none 14) LCD stand for a) light crystal diode b) light emitting diode c) light ray diode d) none 15. LED working is a) spontaneous emission b) liner emission c) both d) none 16. The relation of Eg and a) Eg= b) Eg = 1.24 c) Eg =1 d) Eg <1.24

17. For seven segment display used a) LED b) LCD c) both d) none 18) Which is most advance a) LED b) LCD c) both d) none 19. More power consume by a) LED b) LCD c) both d) none 20) In opto coupler communication done by a) air b) light c) wire d) none 21. SLED stand for A) surface light emitting diode B) super light emitting diode C) surlus light emitting diode D) surplus light emitting diode 22. Principal of optical fibre is a) refraction b) reflection

c) both d) none 23. Optical fibre bandwidth is in range a) gega Hz b) mega Hz c) tera Hz d) kilo Hz 24. Optical fibre is used for a) long distance communication b) short distance communication c) point to point distance communication d) a and c 25. Power losses in transmission with optical fibre is a) none b) very high c) low d) negligible 26.Optical fibre made of a) silica b) glass c) both a &b d) none 27. Optical fibre core is made of a) silica b) Diamond c) soul d) none 28. For coherent light --------is used

a) LED b) laser diode c) photo diode d) pin diode 29. which device is used as receiver in optical fibre communication A) LED B) photo diode c) laser diode d) none 30. optical fibre communication a) long distance communication b) face to face communication c) all d) side to side communication