GRE Argu GRE Argu: James Jiang James Jiang

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GRE Argu
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James Jiang
2012 Fall
Materials used in this lecture mainly come from Saving My Revised GRE Argu Copy Right 2012 by James Jiang. All Rights Reserved. Authorized and printed at Toronto, Canada, Sept 2012
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Revised GRE Argu
Lecture 8
James Jiang
Sept XX, 2012
Outline of Lecture 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 Argu Argu
Logical Fallacies Introduction Hasty Generalization Either/or Fallacy Post hoc ergo propter hoc
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False Analogy Confusing Cause and Effect Fallacy Biased Sample Fallacy Complex Cause Fallacy
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The Fallacy of Division The Fallacy of Composition All Things Are Equal Non Sequitur
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Bandwagon Appeal Circular Reasoning Red Herring Questionable Authority

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Appeal to Common Practice Appeal to Tradition Appeal to Novelty Straw Man Fallacy
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Argument Argument
Heating Oil Margarine On-the-job Accidents Argument 6 60 145 146 150 154 155 5 15 51 130 131133 5 32 104 105 106167
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Argument Argument
Symphony and Funding All-female College
Cheating and Honor Code
5 5 4 4
Jazz Music Club
61139141 143162 74147148 149156 22119120 138 25100102 164

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Argument Argument
Showerhead Water Flow Liquid Hand Soap Pest Control Speed Reading Course 4 4 4 4 35 52 128 129 62121122 124 78114116 117 113 126 127 161
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specific instruction transition wordsArgument component evidenceconclusion
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logical fallaciesArgument
reasoning line
insufficient evidence stated or unstated assumption

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counterexamplesalternative explanations unsolved question
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60The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice for a client. "Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil." Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
Contents
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60The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice for a client.
Contents
Argu Argu
"Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."
Contents
Argu Argu
Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating.
Contents
Argu Argu
Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with belowbelow-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years years. .
Contents
Argu Argu
Furthermore, Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth growth. .
Contents
Argu Argu
Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil. Contents
Argu Argu
15The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants. "Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. This change, however, has had little impact on our customers. In fact, only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
Contents
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15The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants.
Contents
Argu Argu
"Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. This change, however, has had little impact on our customers. In fact, only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine.
Contents
Argu Argu
Recently Recently, , butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States.
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This change, however, has had little impact on our customers.
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In fact, fact, only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change.
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Argu Argu
Furthermore, Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead instead. .
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Clearly, Clearly, either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine.
Contents
Argu Argu
32The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing. "During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts say that significant contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents are fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep." Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
Contents
Argu Argu
32The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing.
Contents
Argu Argu
"During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts say that significant contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents are fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep."
During the past year year, , Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on on-thethe-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours.
Contents
Argu Argu
Experts say that significant contributing factors in many on on-thethe-job accidents are fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers.
Contents
Argu Argu
Therefore Therefore, , to reduce the number of on on-thethejob accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep. Contents
Argu Argu
61The following appeared in an article in the Grandview Beacon. "For many years the city of Grandview has provided annual funding for the Grandview Symphony. Last year, however, private contributions to the symphony increased by 200 percent and attendance at the symphony's concerts-in-the-park series doubled. The symphony has also announced an increase in ticket prices for next year. Given such developments, some city commissioners argue that the symphony can now be fully selfsupporting, and they recommend that funding for the symphony be eliminated from next year's budget." Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
Contents
Argu Argu
61The following appeared in an article in the Grandview Beacon.
Contents
Argu Argu
"For many years the city of Grandview has provided annual funding for the Grandview Symphony. Last year, however, private contributions to the symphony increased by 200 percent and attendance at the symphony's concerts-in-the-park series doubled. The symphony has also announced an increase in ticket prices for next year. Given such developments, some city commissioners argue that the symphony can now be fully self-supporting, and they recommend that funding for the symphony be eliminated from next year's budget."
For many years the city of Grandview has provided annual funding for the Grandview Symphony.
Contents
Argu Argu
Last year, year, however however, , private contributions to the symphony increased by 200 percent and attendance at the symphony's concertsconcerts -inin-thethe-park series doubled doubled. .
Contents
Argu Argu
The symphony has also announced an increase in ticket prices for next year year. .
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Given such developments, some city commissioners argue that the symphony can now be fully self self-supporting, and they recommend that funding for the symphony be eliminated from next year's budget.
Contents
Argu Argu
Summary of Lecture 8

Thank you
Next Lecture: 2012 2012-09 09-XX 21:05 PM
(Beijing Time)
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GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

Open Course Course

Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

Revised GRE Argu

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

Bandwagon Appeal Circular Reasoning Red Herring Questionable Authority

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

Jazz Music Club

61139141 143162 74147148 149156 22119120 138 25100102 164

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

insufficient evidence stated or unstated assumption

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

This change, however, has had little impact on our customers.

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

32The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing.

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

GRE Open Course Make Excellent Education Easily Accessible

61The following appeared in an article in the Grandview Beacon.