The Tellun Corporation TLN-428 Voltage Controlled State Variable Filter User Guide, Rev. 1.

Scott Juskiw The Tellun Corporation [email protected]

TLN-428 User Guide Revision 1.1 March 16, 2003

TLN-428 User Guide

Rev. 1.1

Introduction
The TLN-428 is a state variable filter built around a Curtis Electromusic Specialties CEM 3320 chip. Four simultaneous outputs (all with two pole response) are provided: low pass, high pass, band pass, and notch. A built in mixer allows for two audio inputs. The filter frequency can be set using a panel mounted pot, a one volt per octave external control voltage, or via two external FM inputs with attenuators (one reversing). Filter resonance can be set using a panel mounted pot or an external control voltage with a reversing attenuator.

Circuit Description
A state variable filter comprises a summing amp and two integrators to create low pass, high pass, and band pass outputs simultaneously. The low pass and high pass outputs are typically combined with a summing amp to provide a notch output. The CEM 3320 provides four gain cell blocks that can be configured into a variety of filters. The TLN428 uses two of the CEM 3320 gain cell blocks as integrators. A third gain cell block is used as a summing amp and allows use of the onboard Resonance Control Cell for voltage controlled resonance. The CEM 3320 application notes suggest using the fourth gain cell block as a summing amp for the notch output. However, this was not found to be a particularly stable approach and thus an external op amp is used to provide the notch output from the low pass and high pass outputs. The fourth gain cell block is not used in the TLN-428. Refer to page 3 of the schematic for the following discussion on the filter design. C13 and C14 are bypass caps for the power supply. R38 and TP2 limit the negative supply current and allow trimming the frequency control voltage feed through (see the Calibration section). The summing amp comprises R40 and gain cell block G1-C1-B1. The first integrator comprises R42, C23, and gain cell block G2-C2-B2. The second integrator comprises R23, C24, and gain cell block G3-C3-B3. The audio input signal is fed to the summing amp through R39. The low pass output is fed back to the summing amp through R41 and R25. The band pass output is fed back to the summing amp via C16 and then through two parallel paths, R26 and R27, in order to make use of the onboard Resonance Control Cell. C21 provides phase compensation to prevent the filter from honking too much at high resonance settings. C22 eliminates high frequency oscillations that creep into the high pass output at very low resonance settings. Refer to page 2 of the schematic for the following discussion on the output design. All four filter outputs are non-inverting with respect to the input signal. This is intentional as it allows any of the four outputs to be fed back to the filter input to further enhance the filter effect. The low pass output is AC coupled through C17 and then fed to a noninverting amplifier with a gain of one. Similarly, the high pass output is AC coupled through C18 and then fed to a non-inverting amplifier with a gain of one. The band pass output is AC coupled through C16 (on page 3 of the schematic) and then fed to an

TLN-428 User Guide

Rev. 1.1

inverting amplifier with a gain of one. The notch output is achieved by combining the low pass and high pass outputs with an inverting summing amp set for unity gain and then feeding this combined signal to another inverting amplifier with a gain of one. Refer to page 1 of the schematic for the following discussion on the input design. The two audio signals appearing at IN1 and IN2 are attenuated by VR6 and VR7 before being mixed by an inverting amplifier with a gain of one. This signal is then AC coupled to the filter via C15. Filter resonance is set either manually via VR1, or externally via the RESM input and VR2 through a reversing attenuator built around U1. Filter frequency can be set manually using VR5, externally via the 1V/OCT input, externally via the FM2 input and attenuator VR3, or externally via the FM1 input and a reversing attenuator built around U2. R10, TP1, and R15 derive an 18 mV/octave frequency control voltage from these combined controls and input signals (see the Calibration section).

Construction Tips
Use a socket for the CEM 3320; this is a rare and expensive chip. Sockets are not necessary for the other chips. Coax cable should be used for the two audio input signals (J5 and J6) and the four audio output signals (J7, J8, J9, J10). Consider using two-conductor coax (microphone cable) for connecting the two audio input attenuators (VR6, VR7). R15 is a Tempco resistor and must be mounted on top of the CEM 3320 chip. Use a dab of heat sink compound to thermally connect R15 to the CEM 3320. R15 should be the last component installed on the PCB. The PCB uses 0.4 spacing for the resistor pads and 0.2 spacing for most of the capacitor pads. The exceptions being C23 and C24 (axially mounted polystyrene caps) which have a 0.6 pad spacing. Save some scrap resistor leads and use them to connect the switching lug of the phone jacks to ground for the inputs (J1-J6). R43 and R45 are infinite ohm resistors, i.e. an open circuit, so dont install anything there. R44 and R46 are zero ohm resistors, i.e. a short circuit, so install a wire jumper there (a scrap resistor lead will work fine). Space is left on the PCB for installing resistors in these locations in order to change the gain of the LP and HP outputs. See the Modifications section for details.

TLN-428 User Guide

Rev. 1.1

Panel Wiring Guide

Panel Designation RES pot RESM pot FM 2 pot FM 1 pot FREQ pot IN 1 pot IN 2 pot RESM jack 1V/OCT jack FM 2 jack FM 1 jack IN 1 jack IN 2 jack LP jack HP jack BP jack NOTCH jack PCB Designation VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 VR7 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 Wire Length (inches) 2 5 3 2 4 4 4 8 7 6 6 5 4 5 5 5 4 Wire Type twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted coax or twisted coax or twisted twisted twisted twisted twisted coax coax coax coax coax coax

For VR1-VR7, the square pad on the PCB indicates pin 1, the middle pad is pin 2, and the remaining pad is pin 3. The pin out for most pots is (left to right): 3, 2, 1 when viewing the back of the pot with the leads facing down. For J1-J10, the square pad on the PCB indicates the ground connection.

Calibration
Let the filter warm up for a few minutes before attempting calibration. TP1 sets the filters one volt per octave tracking. Disconnect any signals from the FM1, FM2, IN1, IN2, and RESM inputs. Set TP1 to the middle of its range. Set the RES control fully clockwise to get the filter to oscillate. Set the FREQ control to the 2 position. Alternately apply 0.000 and 2.000 volts to the 1V/OCT input and adjust TP1 until the filter pitch is two octaves apart at these two voltages. Use a frequency counter or a calibrated reference oscillator for comparison. Dont adjust the FREQ knob on the TLN-428 while setting TP1, adjust the frequency of the reference oscillator instead. Dont worry about trying to get the filter to track perfectly over a wide range; its just a filter, its not an oscillator. TP2 sets the frequency input control voltage rejection. Disconnect any signals from the FM1, FM2, IN1, IN2, and RESM inputs. Set TP2 to the middle of its range. Set the FREQ and RES controls fully counter clockwise. Apply a sawtooth waveform from an oscillator into the 1V/OCT input. The oscillator should be in the audible range. Adjust TP2 for the minimum output signal. Use an oscilloscope or listen to the output.

TLN-428 User Guide

Rev. 1.1

Modifications
TL072 op amps can be used instead of the MXL1013 and OP275GP op amps. C21 provides phase compensation to prevent the filter from honking too much at high resonance settings. C22 eliminates high frequency oscillations that creep into the high pass output at very low resonance settings. Both values can be changed to increase or decrease the maximum amount of resonance that the filter can achieve before going into oscillation. Lowering C21 and C22 allows higher resonance to be achieved but increases the risk of high frequency oscillation. Increasing C21 and C22 results in a more stable filter but lowers the maximum resonance achievable. In general, C21 needs to be about twice as large as C22 to keep the filter stable. The FM2 input has a gain of 2.0 but the FM1 input only has a gain of 1.33. To get a gain of 2.0 with the FM1 input, lower R17 and R18 from 49.9K to 36K. However, this will also lower the input impedance on the FM1 input accordingly. R11 and R12 can be tweaked to change the filter frequency response. R11 sets the filter frequency when the FREQ knob is at minimum (fully CCW). Increasing the value of R11 will raise the filter frequency when the FREQ knob is at minimum. R12 sets the filter frequency when the FREQ knob is at the maximum (fully CW). Decreasing R12 will decrease the filter frequency when the FREQ knob is at maximum. Note that R11 should always be adjusted before R12 because R11 affects both the minimum and maximum frequency. Thus, changing R11 will likely require changing R12 as well. R27 sets the point where the filter will oscillate. The suggested value of 240K will allow the filter to oscillate when the RES control is at the 8 position. The filter oscillates more easily at higher frequencies. Lowering R27 will allow the filter to oscillate at a lower RES control setting. R27 can be increased to prevent the filter from oscillating at any RES control setting. The input and output amplifiers are designed to provide unity gain through the filter. This should provide sufficient output drive. More gain can be achieved by changing a few resistors. Be warned that when the filter oscillates, it will output a 12 Vpp signal at unity gain; increasing the gain will provide an even larger output signal. Decrease R29 to get more gain out of the BP output; the gain equation is R30/R29. Decrease R32 to get more gain out of the NOTCH output; the gain equation is R31/R32. Put resistors in for R43 and R44 to get more gain out of the LP output; the gain equation is 1 + R44/R43. Put resistors in for R45 and R46 to get more gain out of the HP output; the gain equation is 1 + R46/R45.

TLN-428 User Guide

Rev. 1.1

TLN-428 Parts List

Resistors Quantity 13 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 8 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 Description 100 K 1K 91 K 220 K 240 K 820 ohm 3.3 M 300 K 100 K 49.9 K 44.2 K 1K 180 K 150 K infinite ohm zero ohm Part No. R20, R21, R22, R23, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R35, R37, R40, R42 R24, R28, R34, R36 R39, R41 R26 R25, R27 R38 R8 R5 R1, R2, R3, R4, R9, R14, R16, R19 R6, R7, R13, R17, R18 R10 R15 R11 R12 R43, R45 R44, R46 Notes 5% or better, Mouser #291-100K 5% or better, Mouser #291-1K 5% or better, Mouser #291-91K 5% or better, Mouser #291-220K 5% or better, Mouser #291-240K 5% or better, Mouser #291-820 5% or better, Mouser #291-3.3M 1%, Mouser #271-300K 1%, Mouser #271-100K 1%, Mouser #271-49.9K 1%, Mouser #271-44.2K 1% Tempco, PT146 or similar 1%, Mouser #271-180K 1%, Mouser #271-150K see Construction Tips and Modifications see Construction Tips and Modifications

Capacitors Quantity 4 2 1 1 2 12 2 Description 4.7 uF 35V electrolytic 33 pF ceramic 18 pF ceramic 10 pF ceramic 150 pF polystyrene 0.1 uF ceramic 22 uF 25V electrolytic Part No. C15, C16, C17, C18 C19, C20 C21 C22 C23, C24 C3 C14 C1, C2 Notes can substitute 3.3 uF, or use bipolar, Mouser #140-XRL35V4.7 can substitute 22 pF, Mouser #140-50N5-330J Mouser #140-50N5-180J Mouser #140-50N5-100J axial lead, Mouser #23PS115 Mouser #147-72-104 can use 35V, Mouser #140-XRL25V22

Semiconductors Quantity 2 3 1 Description MXL1013 (or LT1013) dual op amp OP275GP dual op amp CEM 3320 filter Part No. U1, U2 U3, U4, U5 U6 Notes can substitute TL072, Allied #735-3671 can substitute TL072, Allied #630-9295

TLN-428 User Guide

Rev. 1.1

Potentiometers & Trimmers Quantity 2 5 1 1 Description 100 K log pot 100 K linear pot 25 K trimmer (multiturn) 1 K trimmer (multiturn) Part No. VR6, VR7 VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 TP1 TP2 Notes Bournes 91 series, Allied #754-9820 Spectrol 149 series, Allied #970-1791, or Bournes 91 series, Allied #754-9420 Mouser #72-T93YA-25K Mouser #72-T93YA-1K

Miscellaneous Quantity 10 1 5 2 1 Hardware Quantity 7 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 Description knobs TLN-428 panel TLN-428 pcb 4 pot short Stooge bracket #6-32 screw, spacer, and nut pot nut #8-32 black screw power cable heat shrink cable wire ties coax cable hookup wire solder heat sink compound Notes ALCO PKES90B1/4 front panel printed circuit board Stooge bracket for mounting circuit board to Stooge bracket for mounting Stooge bracket to front panel for mounting module to cabinet with MTA-156 connectors Description phone jack 18 pin DIP socket 8 pin DIP socket axial ferrite beads MTA-156 power connector Part No. J1 J10 L1, L2 JP1 Notes Switchcraft 112A, Allied #932-9391 for U6 for U1 U5 (optional) Active #MURJP2141, or Mouser #623-2743002112 Mouser #571-6404454

both organic and no clean