Presentation On CST Microwave Studio
Presentation On CST Microwave Studio
Presentation On CST Microwave Studio
Berezin Maksim
View Options
Set view to Rectangle zoom: Use mouse to select area to zoom. Change the view by dragging the mouse while pressing the left button and a key:
Ctrl: Rotation Shift: In-plane rotation Ctrl+Shift: Panning
Shift SPACE:
Zooms into selected shape
Primitives
Cone Cylinder Torus
Sphere
Rotation
Brick
Elliptical Cylinder
Hints: Press TAB-key to enter a point numerically. Press BACKSPACE to delete previous picked point
Extrusion
Picks
Pick a point, an edge or an area in the structure
1. Activate the tool (via Icon, Menu Objects->Pick or Shortcut) 2. Double click on the point, edge or area
=W
Brick in global CS
Draw a cylinder
Boolean Operations
Add sphere + brick Sphere (new shape) and Brick (old shape)
Trim
modifies new shape
Insert
modifies old shape
sphere / brick
brick / sphere
Rotation of Profile
Select icon and enter profile Avoid intersections Press BACKSPACE to delete previous picked point Double click corner points to move them around
Loft-Operation
Two picked faces, to be connected by new shape
Loft-Operation Objects -> Loft... The new shapes profile is morphed from the first picked face into the second.
Blend
Difference !
Chamfer
Blend
Shell-Operation
TASK: Waveguide-Bend, consisting of three shapes, should be shelled
solid1 solid2
solid1
solid3
Definition of Ports
Input:
Input: Output:
Area for eigenmode solution E and H-Pattern, Line Impedance, Prop.constant (beta+alpha)
Output:
Discrete ports can be used for TEM-like modes, not for higher modes (fcutoff>0). Waveguide Ports deliver better match to the mode pattern as well as higher accuracy in S-Parameters.
Discrete Ports
S parameter port
Ri or Ri
2. Voltage port
3. Current
~
Coaxial Microstrip Stripline Coplanar Waveguide
pick 2 points (or) 1 point and a face (or) enter coordinates (not recommended)
1. The port is the cone on the mesh edge 2. That edge must be a dielectric edge 3. The wires attach the port to the structure
In metal
Open
Pick Edge Also possible: any combination of pick points, edges, faces
Pick Face
For Separation of Degenerate Modes in Circular Waveguides Coaxial Microstrip Coplanar Waveguide Hollow Waveguide
YES, Good
1) Pick 3 Points 2) Enter Port menu 3) Adjust additional port space (+- 5 width, +5 height)
Boundary Conditions
Boundaries
CST MWS uses a rectangular grid system, therefore also the complete calculation domain is of rectangular shape => 6 boundary surfaces have to be defined at the minimum and maximum position in each co-ordinate direction (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, zmin, zmax). Example: T-Splitter
ymax
xmin
zmin
Magnetic boundaries: No tangential magnetic field at surface. Default setting for waveguide port boundaries.
Open boundaries: Operates like free space waves can pass this boundary with minimal reflections. Perfectly matched layer (PML) condition.
Open add space boundaries: Same as Open, but adds some extra space for farfield calculation (automatically adapted to center frequency of desired bandwidth). This option is recommended for antenna problems.
Conducting wall: Electric conducting wall with finite conductivity (defined in Siemens/meter).
Unit Cell: Used with F! Solver, Tet mesh, similar to F! Periodic boundary with Hex mesh. A two dimensional periodicity other than in direction of the coordinate axes can be defined. If there are open boundaries perpendicular to the Unit Cell boundaries, they are realized by Floquet modes, similar to modes of a wave guide port .
y z
Materials
Basic Materials
PEC: Perfect Electric Conductor Normal: General material model used for dielectric materials
=
Typically
Anisotropic: and are directionally dependent Lossy Metal: Conductor Corrugated wall: Surface impedance
Lossy Metal
Why is it required?
Sampling of skin depth would require very fine mesh steps at the metal surface and definining conductor as a normal material
(skin depth for copper at 1 GHz approx. 2 um)
This results in a very small timestep, which leads to a very long simulation time
Solution:
1D Model which takes skin depth into account without spatial sampling.
Lossy Metal
Solver Selection
Resonant
Special Solver 3D-Surface: Large open metalic structures Integral Equation solver (based on MLFMM) Large structures Dominated by metal
Inject energy and step through time As time progresses, energy inside calculation domain decays When energy decays far enough, the simulation stops
Hexahedral mesh only Time and Frequency Domain Results All frequencies in one simulation
The transient solver is very robust and can handle most applications. Well suited applications: Broadband, electrically large structures. Highly resonant, electrically small structures may be better suited to the frequency domain solver.
Simulation performed at single frequencies Broadband Frequency Sweep to achieve accurate S-Parameters very robust automatic mesh refinement (easy to learn) 2nd General Purpose Solver (besides Time Domain)
The frequency domain solver is very robust and can handle most applications. Well suited applications: Narrowband, electrically small structures. Limited computational resources make it necessary to use the time domain solver for electrically large structures.
!E Eigenmode Solver
The eigenmode solver is a very specialized tool for closed cavities. No s-parameters are generated, only eigenmodes which are single frequency results. Well suited applications: Narrow band, resonant cavities.
Mesh Generation
Update
Fixpoint list
Properties
Define size of the biggest mesh step Limitation for the smallest mesh step
Lower Mesh Limit defines a minimum distance between two mesh lines for the mesh by dividing the diagonal of the smallest bounding box face by this number.
Ratio Limit defines ratio between the biggest and smallest distance between mesh lines. Increase for mesh quality when high aspect ratios exist, e.g. edge coupled microstrip. Alternative to ratio limit, the Smallest mesh step can be entered directly as absolute value rather than defining it relatively via biggest mesh step and ratio limit.
1-2 meshlines
2) Coaxial
Required meshlines: coax-center INNER radius of dielectric OUTER radius of dielectric
Analyze 1D Results
Port Signals
S Parameter
Energy