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Predictions of The Maxwell Model: T D T e T

1. The Maxwell model can predict shear viscosity and the buildup of stresses during start-up shear, but fails to predict shear thinning or normal stresses. 2. For step shear strain, the Maxwell model predicts a relaxation function but no normal stresses. The relaxation function shows a gradual decrease in stress over time. 3. Experimental data on polystyrene solutions does not match the relaxation function predicted by the Maxwell model, showing limitations in its ability to model complex fluid behavior.

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Shawn Waltz
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43 views4 pages

Predictions of The Maxwell Model: T D T e T

1. The Maxwell model can predict shear viscosity and the buildup of stresses during start-up shear, but fails to predict shear thinning or normal stresses. 2. For step shear strain, the Maxwell model predicts a relaxation function but no normal stresses. The relaxation function shows a gradual decrease in stress over time. 3. Experimental data on polystyrene solutions does not match the relaxation function predicted by the Maxwell model, showing limitations in its ability to model complex fluid behavior.

Uploaded by

Shawn Waltz
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Predictions of the (single-mode) Maxwell Model


Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.
Steady shear
0
2 1
0
= =
= Fails to predict shear normal
stresses.
Fails to predict shear-thinning.
}



|
.
|

\
|
=
t
t t
t d t e t ) ( ) (
/ ) ( 0





0
0
=

+
t G
Steady
elongation
0
3 = Troutons rule
Steady shear viscosity and first
normal stress coefficient
0.1
1
10
100
0.1 1 10 100
stress, Pa
1
,

s
Figure 6.5, p. 173 Binnington
and Boger; PIB soln
s Pa ,
2
1
, s Pa
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.
There are some
systems with a
constant
viscosity but
still start-up
effects.
BOGER FLUIDS
2
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
s
t
e
a
d
y

s
h
e
a
r

m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l

f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s

1
(Pa s
2
)
(Pa)

2
(Pa s
2
)
PS/TCP squares
PS/DOP circles
1
,

s
Steady shear viscosity and first and
second normal stress coefficient
Figure 6.6, p. 174 Magda et
al.; PS solns
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.
BOGER FLUIDS
Step Shear Strain Material Functions
0
0
constant
0
0
0
0
lim ) (

= =

<
<
=


t
t
t
t
Kinematics:
123
2
0
0
) (
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

x t
v

Material Functions:
0
0 21
0
) , (
) , (

t
t G

( )
2
0
22 11
1

G
( )
2
0
33 22
2

G
Relaxation
modulus
First normal-stress
relaxation modulus
Second normal-
stress relaxation
modulus
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.
3
Predictions of the (single-mode) Maxwell Model
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.
Shear start-up ( )
0 ) ( ) (
1 ) (
2 1
/
0
= =
=
+ +
+
t t
e t
t

}



|
.
|

\
|
=
t
t t
t d t e t ) ( ) (
/ ) ( 0

Does predict a gradual


build-up of stresses on
start-up.



0
0
=

+
t G
Step shear
strain
0
) (
2 1
/ 0
= =
=

G G
e t G
t

Does predict a reasonable


relaxation function in step
strain (but no normal
stresses again).
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10
( )
o
t G

t
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
0.01 0.1 1 10
( )
o
t G

t
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.
Step-Shear-Strain Material Function G(t) for Maxwell Model
4
10
100
1,000
10,000
1 10 100 1,000 10,000
time, s
G(t), Pa
Faith A. Morrison, Michigan Tech U.
Comparison to experimental data
Figure 8.4, p. 274 data from Einaga et al., PS
20% soln in chlorinated diphenyl

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