Bus Conductor Calculations

Instruction: 1 Use combo boxes to fill in data. 2 If uneven span length fill in L1 and L2 values. 3 Red numbers will fill in from formulas. DO NOT FILL IN RED NUMBERS WILL DELETE FORMULAS 4 Printing margins are preset and do not need to be changed.

Bus Conductor Calculations page 1 of 7 Owner : Alliant Energy Project : Date : ####### Calcs By: Subject : ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Input Parameters Bus Conductor Size (Add 80 for sched 80) Bus Conductor Profile Gust Factor (Large >125 ft) Dampened dampening cable % of bus weight (10%-33% OK) Insulator Data T.R. Symmetrical Short-Circuit Current Isc Fault Type Rho ID Proposed Span Length (Equal Spans) Lp Phase Spacing (Center to Center) D Exposure Factor Exp F S: 4 ID : 2 Gf : 1.3 : yes : 4 : 26.4 : : : : : : 216 8000 2 25 120 3 in Round small <125 horizon yes/no 636 ACSR %
69 kV T.R. 216 A, rms*** three phase B ft in Open Terrain with o

Bus Support Information Bus ID : 4 Two Cont. Span P = pivot, F = fixed, C = continuous **Use L1 and L2 for unequal span lengths. L1 : 20 ft L2 : 30 ft Solution quick check Conductor Problems : no yes/no Insulator Problems : no yes/no

Conductor Gravitational Forces Conductor Unit Weight Fc : 3.733 lbf/ft Damping Material Unit Weight Fd : 0.987 lbf/ft Force of ICE F1 (Eq 7) F = 12 *p *W * r * (d + r ) Fi : 3.11 lbf/ft
i 1 1 1

Total Grav. Forces Total Grav. Forces w/o ice (Eq 13)

Fg : Fg/wo :

7.83 lbf/ft 4.72

FG = FC + FI + FD
Notes: * >30 Hz change bus length

Owner : Project : Date : Calcs By: Subject :

-4

Bus Conductor Calculations page 2 of 7 Alliant Energy 0 ####### 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Conductor Wind Forces
2

(Eq 9)

Fw = 2.132 * 10

* C D * K Z * G F * V * ( d + 2 * r1 )
Kz : 1 Fw : 11.22 lbf/ft

Wind Force on Conductor

NESC Heavy Case r1 (ice-in) 0.5 V (wind-mph) 80 Exposure factor (structure < 30ft) Kz 1,2,3 1 Kz 4 1.16

Conductor Short-Circuit-Current Forces

(Eq 10)

F SC =

27 . 6 * G I SC 10
7

* Fsc : 1.275 lbf/ft

*D
Conductor Strength Condition

Allowable deflection Two Pinned Ends (Eq 14)

Ya=0.5*D

LD

384 * E * J = F 5* G 12

*YA

1 4

Ya Fg Fgwo Ld Ld Ldwo Ldwo

: : : : : : :

2.25 7.83 4.72 372 31 422.2 35.18

in lbf/ft lbf/ft in ft in ft

with ice load without ice load with ice load without ice load

Two Fixed Ends (Eq 16)

LD

384 * E * J * Y A = FG 12

1 4

Ld Ld Ldwo Ldwo

: : : :

556.3 46.36 631.3 52.61

in ft in ft

with ice load without ice load

One Pinned, One Fixed End (Eq 18)

LD

185 * E * J * Y A = FG 12

1 4

Ld Ld Ldwo Ldwo

: : : :

463.4 38.62 526 43.83

in ft in ft

with ice load without ice load

Notes: * Formula is decremented to account for system impedance See (Eq 10)

Owner : Project : Date : Calcs By: Subject :

Bus Conductor Calculations page 3 of 7 Alliant Energy 0 ####### 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Conductor Strength Condition (Cont.) Horizontal Orientation
1 2 2

Total Unit Force (Eq 22)

FT = (FW + FSC ) + FG
2

Ft : 14.75 lbf/ft

Angle of Force (Eq 23)

q = tan -1

FG FW + FSC

1 2 2

Theta : 32.08 degrees

Vertical Orientation Total Unit Force (Eq 24)

FT = FW + (FG + FSC )
2

Ft : 14.45 lbf/ft

Angle of Force (Eq 25)

q = tan -1

FG + FSC FW

Theta : 42.01 degrees

Conductor Fiber Strength Two Pinned Ends (Eq 26)

8 * FA S 2 LS = FT / 12
Two Fixed Ends

horizontal Ls Ls vertical Ls Ls horizontal Ls Ls vertical Ls Ls horizontal Ls Ls vertical Ls Ls

: : : : : : : : : : : :

723.3 60.27 730.6 60.89 885.8 73.82 894.9 74.57 723.3 60.27 730.6 60.89

in ft in ft in ft in ft in ft in ft

(Eq 27)

12* FAS 2 LS = FT / 12
One Pinned, One Fixed

(Eq 28)

8 * FA S 2 LS = FT / 12

Owner : Project : Date : Calcs By: Subject : Effective Span Length

Bus Conductor Calculations page 4 of 7 Alliant Energy 0 ####### 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Insulator Strength Considerations Le : 31.25 ft

Bus Short Circuit Current Force (Eq 30) F SB = L E F SC Bus Wind Force (Eq 31)

Fsb : 39.84 lbf

FWB = LE FW

Fwb : 350.6 lbf

Insulator Wind Force (Eq 32) F = 1 .776 * 10 -5 C K G V 2 ( D + 2 r ) H WI D Z F i I i Fwi : 39.19 lbf Insulator Gravitational Force (Eq 34)

FGB = LE * FG
Vertical Insulator Cantilever Load

Fgb : 244.7 lbf

(Eq 35)

F (Hi + Hf )F (Hi + Hf )FSB WB FIS = K1 WI + + K2 Hi Hi 2

Where K1 : 2.5 K2 : 1 Hf : 4.5 Fis : 1103 Suggested* Suggested* in lbf

Hf Bus insulator Height above Insulator

Horizontal Insulator Cantilever Load (Eq 36)

(Hi +Hf )FGB (Hi +Hf )FSB F GI F + +K2 IS = K 3 2 H Hi i

K3 : 2.5 Suggested* Fis : 848.1 lbf

Notes: * Overload factors K1,K2, and K3 are from Standard

Owner : Project : Date : Calcs By: Subject :

Bus Conductor Calculations page 5 of 7 Alliant Energy 0 ####### 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Determine Natural Frequency of bus
1 2

(Eq 5)

fb =

E*J 24 * L M
2 2

pK

For 2 fixed ends For 2 pinned ends Wind Induced Vibration (Eq 6)

f f

b b

: 11.93 Hz* : 5.231 Hz*

Natural Frequency

fa =

3 . 26 * V d

f a : 10.87 Hz**

Wind Induced

** > fb add bus dampeners *** If Isc of future is unknown use interrupting capability of substation equipment.

Owner : Project : Date : Calcs By: Subject :

Bus Conductor Calculations page 6 of 7 Alliant Energy 0 ####### 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Results 4 yes 216 8000 25 120 10 in yes/no (see chart) A, rms*** ft in ft Hz* Hz* Hz** w/o ice 35.1821 ft 52.6096 ft 43.8303 ft

Bus Conductor Size (Add 80 for sched 80) S: Dampened : Insulator Data T.R. : Symmetrical Short-Circuit Current Isc : Proposed Span Length Phase Spacing (Center to Center) Natural Frequency Two Fixed Ends Two Pinned Ends Wind Induced Vibration Max, bus span, vertical deflection **** Two Pinned Ends Two Fixed Ends One Pinned, One Fixed Max, bus span, Fiber Strength **** Horizontal orientation Two Pinned Ends Two Fixed Ends One Pinned, One Fixed Vertical orientation Two Pinned Ends Two Fixed Ends One Pinned, One Fixed Ld> Proposed Length w/o ice Ld > Proposed Length w ice Ls > Proposed Length Insulator information on next page Lp : D:

f f f

b b a

: 11.927 : 5.231 : 10.867

Ld : Ld : Ld :

w ice 31 ft 46.356 ft 38.621 ft

Ls : Ls : Ls : Ls : Ls : Ls : good : good : good : yes yes yes yes/no yes/no yes/no

60.2729 ft 73.8189 ft 60.2729 ft 60.887 ft 74.571 ft 60.887 ft

Notes: * >30 Hz change bus length ** > fb add bus dampeners *** If Isc of future is unknown use interrupting capability of substation equipment. **** Use Pinned ends for end conditions and fixed for mid-supports.

Owner : Project : Date : Calcs By: Subject :

Bus Conductor Calculations page 7 of 7 Alliant Energy 0 ####### 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Results (Cont)

Insulator Cantilever Load Vertical Horizontal Rated Strength Vertical Horizontal Fis <= Fv Fis <= Fh Vertical Horizontal

Fis : 1102.79 lbf Fis : 848.081 lbf 50% Rated Strength * 750 lbf 750 lbf

Fv : Fh : good : good :

1500 1500 yes yes

lbf lbf yes/no yes/no

Notes: * Per IEEE, use 50% max loading for all cases.

A C Cd D Di d E F F Fa Fc Fd Fg Fi Fsb Ft Fte Fw Fsc Fis Fgi Fgs Fwi Fwb Fgb Fbs fa fb fi G g Gf Hf Hi

Bus Conductor Calculations Index Owner : Alliant Energy Project : 0 Date : 2/14/2002 Calcs By: 0 Subject : ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998 Variable list Cross sectional area, in^2 Hs Temperature, C I Drag Coefficient Isc Condutor spacing, center to center, in or cm J Effective insulator diameter, in K Conductor outside diameter, in or cm Modulus of elasticity lbf/in^2 Ki Temperature, F Kf Skin effect coefficient Ks Maximum allowable stress, lbf/in^2 Conductor unit weight, lbf/in^2 Kz Damping material unit weight, lbf/ft K1,K2,K3 Total bus unit weight, lbf/ft Lp Ice unit weight, lbf/ft La Short circuit current force transmitted Ld to bus support fitting, lbf Total unit force on the bus, lbf/ft L1,L2 Thermal force, lbf Le Wind unit force on the bus, lbf/ft Ls Short circuit current unit force, lbf/ft Total cantilever load acting at end of Li insulator, lbf Lt Weight of insulator, lbf lbf Weight of mounting structure, lbf lbm Wind force on insulator, lbf m Bus wind force transmitted to bus r1 support fittings, lbf S Effective weight of bus tranmitted to Tf bus support fitting, lbf Ti Tap load weight, lbf t Maximum aeolian vibration frequency, Hz V Natural frequency of bus span, Hz Wi Natural frequency of insulator together Ya with mounting stucture, Hz Yb Conductivity, % IACS Gravitational constant a Gust Factor Theta Bus centerline distance above top of Rho insulator, in Insulator hieght, in

Mounting structure height, in Current, A, rms Symmetrical short circuit current, A, rms Moment of inertia of cross sectional area, in^4 Constant used in span natural frequency calculation Insulator cantilever spring constant, lbf/in Mounting structure flexibility factor Mounting structure cantilever spring constant, lbf/in Height and exposure factor Insulator overload factors Span length, ft Max. allowable bus span length, ft Max. allowable bus span length based on vertical deflection, in Adjacent bus span lengths, ft Effective bus span length, ft Max. allowable bus span lenth based on fiber stress, in Span length at initial temperature Ti, ft Span length of load tap, ft pound force pound mass Mass per unit length, lbm/ft Radial ice thickness, in Section modulus, in^3 Final conductor Temperature, C Initial conductor Temperature, C Time, s Wind speed, mi/h Ice weight, lbf/in^3 Max. allowable deflection, in Max. allowable deflection as a fraction of span length Coefficient of thermal expansion Angle of total force below horizontal, degrees Multiplying factor based on type of short cricuit current

Bus Conductor Calculations Index Owner : Project : Date : Calcs By: Subject : Alliant Energy 0 2/14/2002 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1998

8/12/2013 Bus Conductor Calculations Index Alliant Energy 0 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1987 Annex C

Owner : Project : Calcs By: Subject :

Thermal Considerations for Outdoor Bus-Conductor Design Conductor Characteristics: Copper or Aluminum mat : 2 (cu=1,al=2) Shape ID Conductor Length (Square) l: 2 in Round Tube 1 Conductor Width (Rectangle) w: 1 in Bar Square Tube 2 Conductor Diameter (Round) d: 4 in Rectangular Tube 3 Conductor Shape (See Table) ID : 1 (table) Universal Angle 4 Conductor Conductivity C' : 0.65 (%IACS) Double angle 5 (Two Univ. Angles) Channel 6 Rect. Double Channel 7 l Tube l Integral Web 8 d Universal Angle ii w ii c a g Integral Web b l a b c ii g : : : : : 3 1 0.5 0.2 3.4 in l in in in =2*ii+a w ii l w Single channel ii Double channel

S: e: : : : : :

Temperature Considerations: Ambient Air temperature Ta Conductor Temperature Rise Tr Conductor Temperature T2 Change in Temperature Delta T Conductor Cross Section A2 Conductor Location Considerations: Degrees North Latitude lat Clear or industrial Atmosphere at Time of Day (10 a.m., 12 n., 2 p.m.) Altitude above sea level alt

0.4 Double angle spacing, in 0.5 (Table) emissivity ID weathered alum. 0.5 40 degrees C weathered copper 0.85 65 degrees C other range 0.3-0.9 105 =Ta+Tr 65 =Tr 3.3379 in^2

: : : :

35 0 12 1000

Aprox. Iowa (0=clear, 1=industrial) (10,12,2) ft

Owner : Project : Calcs By: Subject :

Bus Conductor Calculations Index Alliant Energy 0 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1987 Annex C

Thermal Considerations for Outdoor Bus-Conductor Design Resistance of copper

R=

8.145*10-4 0.00393 C' 1 + (T2 - 20) C' A2 100

8.145*10-4 C' A2 0.00403C (T2 - 20) 1 + 61
R Cu : 0.0003762 Ohms, copper R alum : 0.0003768 Ohms, aluminum Qc : 56.297706 watts/ft Qr : 2780 watts/ft Qs : 48 watts/ft R : 0.0003768 Ohms/ft F : 1.3147678

Resistance of Aluminum

R=

Conductor resistance

From tables sheet

Max Current for allowable temperature rise

I=

Qc + Qr - QS RF

I : 2412.9864 Amps

Owner : Project : Calcs By: Subject :

Bus Conductor Calculations Index Alliant Energy 0 0 ANSI/IEEE Std 605-1987 Annex C

Thermal Considerations for Outdoor Bus-Conductor Design mat : Material makup l : Conductor Length (Square shape), in w : Conductor width (Rectangle shape), in d : Conductor Diameter (Round shape), in ID : Conductor Shape C' : Conductor Conductivity, %IACS a : Integral web dimensions, in b : Integral web dimensions, in c : Integral web dimensions, in ii : Conductor Thickness, in g : Integral web dimensions, in S : Double Angle Spacing, in e : Emissivity Ta : Ambient air temperature, degrees C Tr : Conductor temperature rise, degrees C T2 : Actual conductor temperature, degrees C Delta T : Change in Temperature, degrees C A2 : Conductor cross sectional area, in^2 lat : Degrees North Latitude at : Atmosphere conditions alt : Altitude above see level, ft R cu : Resistance copper, Ohms R alum : Resistance aluminum, Ohms Qc : Conductive heat loss, watts/ft Qr : Radiation heat loss, watts/ft Qs : Solar heat gain, watts/ ft R : Direct current resistance at the operating temperature, Ohms/ft F : Skin effect coefficient I : Current allowable for the temperature rise, Amps

Note if you add lines to this table you need to update C54-C60, AF51, Bus Conductor Properties size (in) ID d(in) Fc(lb/ft) E(lb/in^2) J(in^4) S(in^3) Fa(lb/in^2) error 1 1" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 1.315 0.581 10000000 0.0873 0.1328 25000 1.5 1.5" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 1.9 0.94 10000000 0.3099 0.3262 25000 2 2" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 2.375 1.264 10000000 0.6657 0.5606 25000 2.5 2.5" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 2.875 2.004 10000000 1.53 1.064 25000 3 3" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 3.5 2.621 10000000 3.017 1.724 25000 3.5 3.5" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 4 3.151 10000000 4.788 2.394 25000 4 4" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 4.5 3.733 10000000 7.232 3.214 25000 5 5" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 5.563 5.051 10000000 15.16 5.451 25000 6 6" Sched 40 AL, 6063-T6 6.625 10000000 25000 81 1" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 1.315 0.751 10000000 0.1056 0.1606 25000 81.5 1.5" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 1.9 1.256 10000000 0.3912 0.4118 25000 82 2" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 2.375 1.737 10000000 0.8679 0.7309 25000 82.5 2.5" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 2.875 2.65 10000000 1.9264 1.3397 25000 83 3" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 3.5 3.547 10000000 3.8943 2.2253 25000 83.5 3.5" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 4 4.326 10000000 6.28 3.14 25000 84 4" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 4.5 5.183 10000000 9.16 4.271 25000 85 5" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 5.563 6.086 10000000 20.67 7.431 25000 86 5" Sched 80 AL, 6063-T6 6.625 10000000 25000 *IF YOU MAKE CHANGES TO THESE TABLES MUST CHANGE c54 c60 COMBO BOX INFORMATION ON FIRST SHEET! Profile Table *ID Square 1 Round 2 Bar/I beam w/attach 3 I beam 4 Angle 5 Angle Tee 6 Cd 2.03 1 2 2.04 2 1.99 * 1/0 ACSR 4/0 ACSR 477 ACSR 636 ACSR

* Short Circuit Current Fault Rho ID phase-phase 1 three phase B 2 Three phase A or C 3

Rho 1 0.866 0.808

*Gust factor Structure small <125 horizontal ft large >125 horizontal ft

Gf 1.3 1.1

* Exposure Factor Large City Center 50% of buildings > 70 ft Urban/Suburban, Wooded, Closely Spaced Items in area Open Terrain with obstructions less then 30 ft Unobstructed areas exposed, wind blowing over > 1mi of water

1 2 3 4

*Type of bus Single span Single span Single span Two Cont. Span Two Cont. Span Two Cont. Span Three Cont. Span Four Cont. Span Four or more **Two span uneven **Two span uneven **Two span uneven **Two span uneven **Two span uneven **Two span uneven **Two span uneven **Two span uneven

connection PP PF FF PCP PFF FFF PCCP PCCCP P C .. C P FFF PFP FFP PFF PPP PPF FPP FPF

ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

If you add line items to this table Conductor heights Centerline Bus Support 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 81 81.5 82 82.5 83 83.5 54 85 86 damping cables 1 2 3 4 2 2.5 2.75 3.125 3.625 4 4.5 5 5.5 2 2.5 2.75 3.125 3.625 4 4.5 5 5.5 * Insulator 15 kV T.R. 205 15 kV T.R. 225 HS 23 kV T.R. 208 23 kV T.R. 227 HS 34.5 kV T.R. 210 34.5 kV T.R. 231 HS 46 kV T.R. 214 46 kV T.R. 267 HS 69 kV T.R. 216 69 kV T.R. 278 HS 115 kV T.R. 286 115 kV T.R. 287 HS 138 kV T.R. 288 138 kV T.R. 289 HS 161 kV T.R. 291 161 kV T.R. 295 HS 230 kV T.R. 304 230 kV T.R. 308 HS 230 kV T.R. 312 230 kV T.R. 316 HS 345 kV T.R. 324 345 kV T.R. 367 HS 110 BIL 150 BIL 200 BIL 250 BIL 350 BIL 550 BIL 650 BIL 750 BIL 900 BIL 1050 BIL 1300 BIL

0.1456 0.292 0.656 0.9873

795 ACSR

1.0928

If you add line items to this table update AF52 ,AI53-AI55, BM51 Insulator Properties T.R. Hi(in) Di(in) Fis(lb) Wn(lb) 205 10 7 2000 18 225 12 8.5 4000 44 208 14 7 2000 30 227 15 9 4000 58 210 18 7.5 2000 41 231 20 9 4000 74 214 22 7.84 2000 50 267 24 10 4000 111 216 30 7.84 1500 79 278 30 10.5 3000 132 286 45 9.31 1700 161 287 45 10.5 2600 213 288 54 9.69 1450 200 289 54 10.5 2200 255 291 62 11.62 1200 331 295 62 11.62 1850 331 304 80 9.5 950 307 308 80 10.12 1450 371 312 92 9.84 800 384 316 92 10.5 1250 450 324 106 8.94 1000 388 367 106 9.44 1450 438

ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Summation of Convective Losses Shape Round Tube Bar Square Tube Rectangular Tube Universal Angle Double angle Channel Double Channel Integral Web

ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Summation of Radiation Losses Shape Round Tube Bar Square Tube Rectangular Tube Universal Angle Double angle Channel Double Channel Integral Web

ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Summation of Solar Radiation Gains Qs Shape Round Tube Bar Square Tube Rectangular Tube Universal Angle Double angle Channel Double Channel Integral Web

ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Cross Sectional Area Shape Round Tube Bar Square Tube Rectangular Tube Universal Angle Double angle Channel Double Channel

Integral Web

X 0.0 0.1

Skin Effect Table F 1.00000 1.00000

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

1.00001 1.00004 1.00013 1.00032 1.00067 1.00124 1.00212 1.00340 1.00519 1.00758 1.01071 1.01470 1.19690 1.02582 1.03323 1.04205 1.05240 1.06440 1.07816 1.09375 1.11126 1.13069 1.15207 1.17538 1.20056 1.22753 1.25620 1.28644 1.31809 1.35102 1.38504 1.41999 1.45570 1.49202 1.52879 1.56587 1.60314 1.64051

ation of Convective Losses A forced Convention 150.7964474 96 72 72 72 96 96 96

Qc A Natural Convection Summation of Convection losses 0 56.29770638 0 52.94815578 0 45.19407789 0 45.19407789 72 68.06106235 0 45.19407789 72 95.30781513 144 1856.449416

ation of Radiation Losses Surf. Area of Material Black body area 150.7964474 96 72 72 72 96 96 52.8

0 0 0 0 9.6 0 0 0

Qr Summation of Radiation Loss 2780 1772 1299 1299 1645.4 1732 2078.4 952.6

From IEEE 6050-1998 sheet l w d a b c ii g Ta Tr T2 Delta T S e lat at Time alt ID C' Hc Zc Qs clear Qs indus. Mult A2

ation of Solar Radiation Gains Qs Effective Projected Area 48 28.465423 16.72765179 16.72765179 16.72765179 16.72765179 37.85563996 23.77031451

Data sent back Qc Qr Qs

Sectional Area Area 3.337942194 4 2 0.56 1.12 0.52 0.92 Round Tube inside diam outside diam

1.8 Area : 3.337942194 table from GE 4th ed. page 53 R dc resistance 0.024312464 X : 3.159399858 Ohms at 20 degrees C formunla from GE 4th eddition pg. 34

X Rounded : 3.2 F : 1.38504 F temp : 1.314767833

Skin Effect Factor New Skin Effect at entered temp

1 FTEMP = F - * (T2 - T1 ) * (F1 -1) *a 2

F at temperature Mat : Alpha : Material 1 2 2 0.004294262 Alpha 0.0025545 0.004294262 cu = 1, alum = 2 Value to use above copper Aluminum

rom IEEE 6050-1998 sheet 2 1 4 3 1 0.5 0.2 0.2 40 65 105 65 0.4 0.5 35 0 12 1000 1 0.65 78 77.4 95.8 77.4 1 3.337942

Data sent back 56.29771 2780 48

Altitude and Azimuth in degrees Degrees of North Latitude 10:00 A.M. Hc Zc 20 62 78 25 62 88 30 62 98 35 61 107 40 60 115 45 57 122 50 54 128 60 47 137 70 40 143 12:00 N. Hc Zc 20 87 0 25 88 180 30 83 180 35 78 180 40 73 180 45 68 180 50 63 180 60 53 180 70 43 180 2:00 P.M. Hc Zc 20 62 282 25 62 272 30 62 262 35 61 253 40 60 245 45 57 238 50 54 232 60 47 223 70 40 217

Hc 10 Zc 10

: :

61 107

Hc 12 Zc 12

: :

78 180

Hc 2 Zc 2

: :

61 253

Hc for time : Zc for time :

78 180

Solar Heat Gain Solar Altitude HC 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 clear 84.8 84.8 84.8 90 90 90 90 90 90

=4 = 4.5

Qs industrial 61.5 61.5 61.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5

clear industrial

: :

95.8 77.4 95.8 77.4

clear mult : ind. mult :

49 50 51 52 53 54 55

90 90 90 90 90 90 92.9

67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.5 71.6

* (T2 - T1 ) * (F1 -1) *a

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 96.4 96.4 96.4 96.4

71.6 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.6 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 75.2 77.4 77.4 77.4 77.4 77.4 77.4 77.4 77.4 77.4 77.4 78.9 78.9 78.9 78.9

degrees degrees

Solar heat gain Altitude Multiplier Elevation Multiplier 0 1 Multiplier : 5000 1.15 10000 1.25 15000 1.3

degrees degrees

degrees degrees

degrees degrees

Qs Qs Qs mult Qs mult