MY PROBLEMS ON THE IMO SHORSTLISTS

HOJOO LEE

The International Mathematical Olympiad is the world championship mathematics competition for highschool students and is held annually in a different country. The rst IMO was held in 1959 in Romania, with 7 countries participating. It has gradually expanded to over 100 countries from 5 continents. http://www.imo-official.org

On the IMO shortlists, C, A, N, and G denote Combinatorics, Algebra and Analysis, Number Theory, and Geometry, respectively. Here goes the list of my 17 problems on the IMO exams (9 problems) and IMO shorstlists (8 problems): # 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Country IMO Shortlist United States of America 1, 2 A8 G2 United Kingdom 2 G2 G3 Japan A5 N5 G5 Greece 2, 4 A1 A4 G3 Mexico 3 A5 G7 Slovenia 1 A5 G1 Vietnam Spain 4 A1 Germany 4 G1 Kazakhstan Netherlands G6 Argentina
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HOJOO LEE

Problem 4 of the 2009 IMO was a neat joint work with Jan Vonk (Belgium) and Peter Vandendriessche (Belgium). Problem G6 in the 2011 IMO Shortlist was also a joint work with Jan Vonk (Belgium). These two recent problems were submitted by Belgium. However, the other 16 problems were entirely my work, and thus submitted by Republic of Korea (South Korea). In 2010 and 2012, I submitted no problems. 1. M Y P ROBLEMS ON THE IMO E XAMS

I 1. IMO 2009 Problem 4 Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC . The angle bisectors of CAB and ABC meet the sides BC and CA at D and E , respectively. Let K be the incentre of triangle ADC. Suppose that BEK = 45 . Find all possible values of CAB .

I 2. IMO 2008 Problem 4 Find all functions f : (0, ) (0, ) such that f (w)2 + f (x)2 w 2 + x2 = f (y 2 ) + f (z 2 ) y2 + z2 for all positive real numbers w, x, y , z , satisfying wx = yz .

I 3. IMO 2006 Problem 1 Let I be the incenter of triangle ABC . A point P is inside triangle ABC with P BA + P CA = P BC + P CB . Show that AP AI and that equality holds if and only if P = I .

I 4. IMO 2005 Problem 3 Let x, y , and z be positive real numbers such that xyz 1. Prove that x5 x2 y5 y2 z5 z2 + + 0. x5 + y 2 + z 2 y 5 + z 2 + x2 z 5 + x2 + y 2

PROBLEMS SUBMITTED TO INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS

I 5. IMO 2004 Problem 2 Find all polynomials P (x) with real coefcients that satisfy the equality 2P (a + b + c) = P (a b) + P (b c) + P (c a) for all triples (a, b, c) of real numbers such that ab + bc + ca = 0.

I 6. IMO 2004 Problem 4 Let n 3 be an integer. Let t1 , , tn be positive real numbers such that n2 + 1 > (t1 + + tn ) 1 1 + + t1 tn .

Show that ti , tj , tk are side lengths of a triangle for all i, j , k with 1 < i < j < k n.

I 7. IMO 2002 Problem 2 Let BC be a diameter of circle with center O. Let A be a point of circle such that 0 < AOB < 120 . Let D be the midpoint of arc AB not containing C . Line passes through O and is parallel to line AD. Line intersects line AC at J . The perpendicular bisector of segment OA intersects circle at E and F . Prove that J is the incenter of triangle CEF .

I 8. IMO 2001 Problem 1 Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with O as its circumcenter. Let P on line BC be the foot of the altitude from A. Assume that BCA ABC + 30 . Prove that CAB + COP < 90 .

I 9. IMO 2001 Problem 2 Prove that a b c + + 1 a2 + 8bc b2 + 8ca c2 + 8ab for all positive real numbers a, b, and c.

HOJOO LEE

2. M Y P ROBLEMS ON THE IMO S HORTLISTS S 1. IMO Shortlist 2011 G6 Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC , and let D be the midpoint of AC . The angle bisector of BAC intersects the circle through D, B , and C in a point E inside the triangle ABC . The line BD intersects the circle through A, E , and B in two points B and F . The lines AF and BE meet at a point I , and the lines CI and BD meet at a point K . Show that I is the incenter of triangle KAB .

S 2. IMO Shortlist 2006 A5 Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of a triangle. Prove that b+ca c+ab a+bc + + 3. b+ c a c+ a b a+ b c

S 3. IMO Shortlist 2005 G7 In an acute triangle ABC , let D, E , F , P , Q, R be the feet of perpendiculars from A, B , C , A, B , C to BC , CA, AB , EF , F D, DE , respectively. Prove that p(ABC )p(P QR) p(DEF )2 , where p(T ) denotes the perimeter of triangle T .

S 4. IMO Shortlist 2004 G3 Let O be the circumcenter of an acute-angled triangle ABC with ACB > ABC . The line AO meets the side BC at D. The circumcenters of the triangles ABD and ACD are E and F , respectively. Extend the sides BA and CA beyond A, and choose on the respective extension points G and H such that AG = AC and AH = AB . Prove that the quadrilateral EF GH is a rectangle if and only if ACB ABC = 60 .

PROBLEMS SUBMITTED TO INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS

S 5. IMO Shortlist 2003 G5 Let P be a point in the interior of a triangle ABC with CA = CB . Let I be the incentre of ABC . Suppose that P lies on the circumcircle of AIB . Let D and E be the points on AB such that P D and P E parallel to CA and CB , respectively. Let the line through P , parallel to the line AB , meet CA and CB at F and G, respectively. Prove that two lines DF , EG and the circumcircle of ABC meet in a point.

S 6. IMO Shortlist 2003 N5 An integer n is good if |n| is not a square of an integer. And an integer is additive if it can be represented as a sum of three distinct good integers, of which product is a square of an odd integer, in innitely many ways. Determine all additive integers.

S 7. IMO Shortlist 2003 A5 Let R+ be the set of positive numbers. Find all functions f : R+ R+ satisfying the two conditions: (1) f (xyz )+f (x)+f (y )+f (z ) = f ( xy )f ( yz )f ( zx) for all x, y , z R+ . (2) f (x) < f (y ) for all 1 x < y .

S 8. IMO Shortlist 2002 G2 Let ABC be a triangle for which there exists an interior point F such that AF B = BF C = CF A. Let the lines BF and CF meet the sides AC and AB at D and E , respectively. Prove that AB + AC 4DE .

HOJOO LEE

3. C ONTRIBUTORS FOR THE IMO P ROBLEMS

David Monk 14 Problems

from United Kingdom proposed

1968/6, 1975/6, 1976/6, 1977/4, 1981/1, 1982/1, 1982/4, 1983/1, 1986/5, 1988/3, 1993/2, 1994/5, 1997/2, 1998/4.
from Netherlands proposed

Jan van de Craats 11 Problems

1974/5, 1975/3, 1976/3, 1976/5, 1977/1, 1977/3 , 1978/6, 1981/3, 1982/2, 1982/5, 1985/3.
from South Korea proposed

Hojoo Lee 9 Problems

2001/1, 2001/2, 2002/2, 2004/2, 2004/4, 2005/3, 2006/1, 2008/4, 2009/4.

Arthur Engel 6 Problems Marcin Kuczma 6 Problems Murray Klamkin 6 Problems

from Germany proposed

1979/1, 1979/6, 1981/2, 1983/3, 1986/1, 1987/3.

1983/5, 1989/6, 1995/4, 1995/6, 1999/2, 2010/4.

1974/1, 1976/4, 1978/2, 1978/4, 1979/4, 1983/6.

Gheorghe Simionescu 4 Problems Laurentiu Panaitopol 4 Problems

from Romania proposed

1960/3, 1961/6, 1964/5, 1965/5.

1984/4, 1990/3, 1991/2, 2002/3.

PROBLEMS SUBMITTED TO INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS

4. W EBPAGES

Ofcial IMO webpage http://www.imo-official.org IMO 2013 (Colombia) http://www.uan.edu.co/imo2013/en/ IMO 2012 (Argentina) http://www.oma.org.ar/imo2012 IMO 2011 (Netherlands) https://www.imo2011.nl Annual reports by UK team leaders http://www.bmoc.maths.org/home/imo.shtml Tom Verhoeff, A Reective Report on IMO 2002 http://www.win.tue.nl/wstomv/publications/imo2002report. pdf IMO Wiki page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mathematical_ Olympiad

H OJOO L EE E-mail address: [email protected]