Gen Pharmacology Intro BDS

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The key takeaways from the document are that it discusses the importance of studying pharmacology for dental students, the different subdivisions of pharmacology such as pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapeutics etc., various sources of drug information and the sources of drugs.

The different subdivisions of pharmacology discussed are pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacognosy and toxicology.

The different sources of drug information mentioned are text books, journals, libraries, websites, pharmacopoeias like IP, BP, USP etc. and formularies like national formulary, British national formulary and national formulary of India.

Dr.U.P.

Rathnakar
MD.DIH.PGDHM
K.M.C.Mangalore.. INDIA
K.M.C.Mangalore
Syllabus
 SYLLABUS GEN PHARMACOLOGY BDS

 Introduction to pharmacology 1h
 Definition of pharmacology and its subdivisions, Sources of drug info and category of
info for each source, Sources of drugs and drug nomenclature.
 Pharmaceutics 1h
 Routes, Factors determine selection of routes, advantages and disadvantages,of enteral,
parenteral inhalational routes, and transdermal routes
 PK 2hs
 Membrane transport mechanism, Bioavailability factors and definition, factors
influencing drug distribution pattern, Biotransformation,-Definition, phases, sites,
Factors affecting,
 Drug elimination-Routes of excretion, factors affecting renal excretion, halflife definition
and importance, dose response and steady state concentration

 PD 2hs
 MO drug action, Factors that modify, drug interaction,

 Safety margin and drug toxicity 1h


 TI, Untoward effects-predictable unpredictable and others,Principles of management of
drug toxicity

 Prescription writing 1h
 Introduction to ANS 1h
John Yagiela, Frank Dowd, Enid Neidle

Basic & Clinical


Pharmacology,
10th Edition
Bertram G. Katzung, MD,
PhD
Study and Chew

Study and Chew

Three easy steps for


understanding Study and Chew
pharmacology !
Why study pharmacology?
 Pharmacology is situated between the basic and
clinical sciences and is important for dental students
 There is a growing demand on the dental clinicians to
know huge knowledge of drugs and how to use them
for patients
 Many medications are prescribed every day by
dentists
 Medicines prescribed for other disorders may
interact with drugs prescribed for dental disorders.
 Recognizing the drugs helps to identify other illness
being suffered by the Pt.
 Emergency management
 Many drugs are used in OT
 Many drugs affect bone and teeth
 Social responsibility and legal necessity
Lectures Syllabus
[Teacher] [University]

Learning
SYLLABUS
LECTURES

QP!
[Student

IDEAL
Subdivisions of Pharmacology
Subdivisions of Pharmacology
 1—Pharmacology
 History, sources, and physical and chemical
properties of different drugs, how drugs affect
living systems
 2—Pharmacodynamics
 Biochemical and physiological effects of drugs
 Drugs’ mechanisms of action

8
Subdivisions of Pharmacology

3—Pharmacokinetics
Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, and Excretion
4—Pharmacotherapeutics
How drugs are used in the
treatment of illnesses

9
Subdivisions of Pharmacology
 Pharmacognosy:
 Deals with recognition drugs

 Toxicology
 Poisons and poisonings—Toxic effects on living
organisms and treatment

10
Definitions

 Pharmacology is a science of drugs. It deals with


the study of effect of drugs on living animals,
organs or tissue.

 The actions may be beneficial or harmful..

 Drug,- drogue = dry herb.


DRUG: A drug is defined as any substance used for
the purpose of
diagnosis,
prevention,
relief or cure of a disease in man or animals.

WHO “ A drug is any substance or product that


is used or intended to be used to modify or to
explore physiological systems or pathological
states for the benefit of the recipient”.
 PHARMACY: Science of identification,selection,
preservation, standardization,
compounding and dispensing
of medicinal substance.

 THERAPEUTICS:
Deals with the administration of drugs for the
relief of symptoms or cure of disease.
 Chemotherapy:- Effect of drugs on micro
organisms & parasites living and multiplying in a
living organism.It also includes drug treatment of
cancers.

 Pharmacoepidemiology:- is the study of effects


of drugs in large number of people in the
community. It is the application of principles of
epidemiology to drug effects and drug use in the
community.
 Pharmacoeconomics:- is the analysis of the cost
of drug therapy to the health care system and
the society.

 Clinical pharmacy:- involves the cooperation of


pharmacist with the physician
A. Educating the patient about compliance,
B. How to take medication
C. Monitoring the errors in taking medication.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY:
It is the scientific study of drugs in man.

Clinical trials:
1. Phase I------Healthy volunteers
2. Phase II-----Small group of patients
3. Phase III----Large group
4. Phase I V ----Post marketing
$800 million to
Bring a new drug

$800 million did not


Yield new drug

1:10000 success rate

10-12 years
Sources of information
of drugs

Journals Websites CME


Text Books Library
Sources of information of drugs
 PHARMACOPIEA:
It is an official code containing a selected list of the established
drugs with the tests for their identity, purity & potency.

I.P., B.P. , U.S.P., E.P.

 Formularies : Information on products available to


prescribers in the respective countries
National Formulary-by American Pharmaceutical Association.
British National Formulary(BNF)- by British Medical Association &
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.
National Formulary of India (NFI)-by Govt. of India.
NOMENCLATURE OF DRUGS

 Chemical Name:-
• Describes drug chemically:Acetyl salicylic acid
Isopropylamino naphthyloxy propan-2-ol =
Propranolol !
 Non Proprietary name: [Approved name]
• Name approved by scientific body
Acetaminophen or Paracetamol
Pethidine or Meperidine

 Brand name [Proprietary name] :


• Name given by Mfr.
Paracetamol-”Crocin”
Essential drug[Medicine] concept
 WHO defined essential drugs as those that satisfy
the healthcare needs of majoritiy of population;
Should be available at all times in adequate amounts
and required dosage forms

 National list of essential medicines-


2003, 354 Medicines

70,000 preparations available in INDIA!


SOURCES OF DRUGS.
 MINERAL : MgSO4, Mg.trisilicale,
Liquid paraffin
 ANIMAL : Insulin, Heparin, Thyroid extract
 PLANT : Morphine, Atropine, Digoxin
 SYNTHETIC : Aspirin, Sulfonamides,
 MICRO-ORGANISM: Penicillin.
 DNA RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGY.
Human Insulin, Human Growth Hormone.
 Hybridoma technique:-Monoclonal antibodies.

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