Planning Data Analysis

Dr. Ghada Farouk Hassan

Teacher Assistant At Urban Planning And Design Department Faculty Of Engineering-Ain Shams University [email protected]

contents

Difference between Data & Information Forms of data What is a document Types of Information Sources of Data Data Analysis Building an Information System
GIS As Tool Of Analyzing Data

Planning data analysis

Difference between Data & Information

Data is : In dictionary: facts taken as true as the starting point of a piece of reasoning Information is: In dictionary: knowledge about something

When data is transferred to knowledge , it becomes an information Data is useful only if it gives information

Forms of data
Forms

of data:

Tabular

Spread Sheets

Data can be in form of tables such as the max and min temperature different site or the velocity of winds in different times of the year Basically there is relationship between columns and rows Data in the form of spread sheet are describing different issues with no relation between rows

Forms of data
Forms

of data:
Orthophotos is an accurate data forms helps in determining natural of urban features Data can be in form of photo Such form of data may describe existing conditions

Orthophotos

Photos

Forms of data
Forms

of data:

For developing and providing settings and contexts, photographs are a crucial source. Its a methods to determine material, culture, the behavior of groups, and able to record the use of spaces, landscape and residents. But researcher should not rely solely on photographs as source

Forms of data
Forms

of data:

CAD

Vector

Maps Data can be illustrated in form of maps Data provided through maps differ in level and accuracy according to their scale and used tools

Surfaces

Networks

Forms of data
Forms

of data:
Data can be illustrated in form of charts It is a way to present the primary analyzed data Sound is source of data used in specific case (example, determine diseases, determine

Charts

Sound

What is a document
Documents are papers, maps, photos, tapes , films where different types of data are recorded, kept or illustrated Documentation is the act of registering data in different forms

Types of Information
Types of information There are two types of information - the Qualitative information - the Quantitative information

Types of Information
Types of information There are two types of information - the Qualitative information it is information that cannot be described through numbers, it concerns to find qualities rather than quantities

- the Qualitative information is taken through

Types of Information
Types of information - the Qualitative information

Qualitative information can be assessed trough grades (high/ low, or good/ bad or positive/ negative) according to the research objectives

Types of Information
Types of information There are two types of information - the Quantitative information it is information that can be described through numbers, it is the way to determine amounts
- the Quantitative information is taken through

Tabular

Types of Information
One document can provide both:

Quantitative information Such as % of different uses And Qualitative information such as the location and types of uses

Sources of Data
Field studies Literature studies Experiments Archival studies
questionnaires, interviews, surveys,.. Data needs to be verified through more that one source. Experiments results can be considered as primary source
Data needs to be verified through more that one source.

Determining the convenient and available source of data represent an important step in building the Information System

Data Analysis
What

is meant by analysis:

In dictionary: to analyze something is to divide it up into the parts of which it is made, separate out the different materials of which a mixed materiel is made up Scientific Data analysis is way to get information that leads to specific target through the integration of different data It is the act that transforms data to information Notes

Targets

Goals

Data Analysis
Ways of Scientific analysis -Dividing things to its primary components:

%
%

Air
%

st Qtr nd Qtr rd Qtr th Qtr

Identifying different components and their relationship (Example: type and amount of gases in the air)

Data Analysis
Ways of Scientific analysis
Dividing data -Dividing data to to its its primary primary components: components:
%

% %, %, % , %, % %, %, %

,
, , , , , , , ,

--

Target is in this case to identify adequacy of proportions of different uses )(components

% % % % % %

Data Analysis

Ways of Scientific analysis

- Summing up different data/information into one new information

Examples: overlay of different maps

New information Data

Data Data Data Data

Data Analysis

Ways of Scientific analysis

- Comparison between different data/information data/information or according to measurement tools

Measurement tools can be : standards, indicators, criteria, .

Datum line

st Qtr nd Qtr rd Qtr th Qtr

Nort Wes East

Data Analysis
st Qtr nd Qtr rd Qtr th Qtr

Ways of Scientific analysis

Deducing the rate of change of -Deducing of data (rate of of growth, growth, evolution, evolution, )

Target in this case is to predict the growth direction and population after years
-- , , ,

/, /, /,

Building an Information System

Lack of spatial understanding leads to wrong decision The problem is: A- to determine what data and information is needed for the purpose at hand B- to find out if it exist and where C- to get hold of it if it exists and how to collect it if it does not D- how to store this information in easily accessible and referenced form E- how to interpret the data, resolve questions of quality, contradictions and incompleteness F- to determine where information is needed and in what form

Building an Information System

The information system is Formalized steps to capture information As well as Fixed procedures to retrieve this information

A GIS is an information system capable of holding and using data describing places on the earths surface It can be described as an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze and display all forms of geographically referenced information GIS tasks are - the storage, management and integration of large amounts of spatially referenced data - the analysis tools - the organization and management of data

GIS As Tool Of Analyzing Data

Any geographic information system should be capable of six fundamental operations in order to be useful for finding solutions to real-world problems, which are : Data Capturing Data Modeling & Storage Data Query GIS Data Analysis Data Display Data Outputting

..now lets go into it

Data Capturing
Data describing geographic features is contained in a geographic database. The geographic database is an expensive and long-lived component of a GIS, thus data entry is an important consideration. A GIS must provide methods for entering geographic (coordinate) and tabular (attribute) data. The more input methods available, the more versatile the GIS.

Satellite Images

GIS DATA SOURCES

Field Survey: (Total stations Levels ..) Photogrammetry Remote Sensing GPS Laser Systems Paper Maps Documents Files: (Auto Cad Sound Video Excel Multimedia) Images

Data Modeling & Storage

More importantly, GIS has analysis and query tools to support many important uses

Data Query
A GIS must provide tools for finding specific features based on their location or attributes. Queries, which are often created as logical statements or expressions, are used to select features on the map and their records in the database. A common GIS query is determining what exists at a particular location. In this type of query, the user knows where the features of interest are, but wants to know what characteristics are associated with them.

GIS Data Analysis

There are many types of geographic analysis. While this course cannot cover all of them, two common types of geographic analysis are described below .

- Proximity analysis
Proximity analysis uses the distance between features to answer questions like How many houses lie within meters of this water main? What is the total number of customers within kilometers of this store? What proportion of a certain crop is within meters of the well? GIS technology often uses a process called buffering to determine the proximity relationship between features.

 - Overlay analysis The integration of different data layers involves a process called overlay. At its simplest, this could be a visual operation, but analytical operations require one or more data layers to be joined physically (i.e., combined into one layer in the database). Overlay analysis could be used to integrate data on soils, slope, and vegetation or land ownership data with tax assessment data.

Data Display:
A GIS also needs tools for displaying geographic features using a variety of symbology. For many types of geographic analysis operations, the end result is best visualized as a map, graph, or report.

Data Outputting

Sharing the results of your geographic labor is one of the primary justifications for spending resources on a GIS. Taking displays created through a GIS (maps, graphs, and reports) and outputting them into a distributable format is a great way to do this. The more output options a GIS can offer, the greater the potential for reaching the right audience with the right information.

Planning data analysis

Determining needed data Searching fields
Unavailable data
Estimating of

Different sources
Unaccomplished data
information

Data analysis

information

Analysis tools

targets